FIGURE 1 37 finance solutions for nature Notes: * Solutions that can be structured as either commercial, blended or policy-based, depending on context. Coloured blobs are used in subsequent figures to denote finance solution types. x Not explored further in this research. Sources: See endnote.22 Financial instruments 1. Sustainability-linked bonds 10. Bridge financing –Commercial contracts with monetary value. –Can generally be traded or held by both public and private investors with the expectation of competitive returns. –Can be used exclusively for returns and to facilitate nature-positive investments in corporate supply chains. –Can also include blended finance or be policy-based.2. Thematic bonds 11. Debt-for-nature swaps (DNS)* 3. Commercial bonds 12. Natural asset companies (NACs) 4. Impact bonds 13. Commercial equity 5. Conservation notes 14. Private equity 6. Sustainability-linked loans 15. Impact equity 7. Thematic loans 16. Payments for ecosystem services (PES)* 8. Commercial loans 17. Environmental credits* 9. Impact loans Funds and facilities* 18. Impact funds 21. Commercial funds –Pools of financial capital that can be deployed to financial instruments. –Can be structured as fully commercial to deliver returns. –Can also feature elements of blended finance or policy support.19. Thematic funds 22. Corporate funds 20. Venture capital 23. Crowdfunding Enabling mechanisms 24. Green securitization 29. Public grants –Solutions that support, de-risk, aggregate or otherwise facilitate investment in instruments or funds. –Do not raise or deploy capital on their own. 25. Risk insurance 30. Conservation easements 26. Credit guarantees 31. Advance market commitments (AMCs) 27. Internal nature pricing (INP) 32. Jurisdictional approaches 28. Philanthropic finance Fiscal and regulatory measures 33. Ecological fiscal transfers 36. Betterment levies Fiscal policy tools that can be deployed by governments to: –Raise capital for conservation and restoration activities. –Create new markets for regenerative business models. –Incentivize nature-positive activities.34. Environmental/externality taxes 37. Incentive mechanisms 35. Environmental subsidies Finance Solutions for Nature: Pathways to Returns and Outcomes 10

Finance Solutions for Nature 2025