Top 10 performers in the ETI 2025 TABLE 2 Source: World Economic Forum.Despite their differences in geography and economic structure, they share five core enablers: –Clear and stable policy signals: Governments provide long-term certainty through legally binding climate targets, national climate laws and regulatory frameworks that span sectors. Meanwhile, long-term roadmaps guide investment across sectors and tools like carbon pricing send strong market signals. –Highly diversified clean energy mix and efficiency as a strategic priority: Countries rely more on renewables and nuclear, and less on fossil fuels, embedding energy efficiency in design and planning (e.g. district heating systems, low-energy buildings, smart metering). –Modern infrastructure for secure and flexible energy systems: Governments strengthen energy resilience by modernizing grid infrastructure and integrating digital technologies – combining clean energy expansion with investments in flexibility, interconnection and storage. –Strong industrial strategy and high investment in clean technology: Governments align climate ambition with economic strategy – combining green industrial policies with high public and private investment in innovation and commercialization of technologies like hydrogen, energy storage and smart grids. –Social trust and just transition architecture: Environmental taxes are paired with strong welfare systems and fair access to clean technologies, ensuring sustained public support. Large economies: influencing the pace and priorities of transition The true test of the global energy transition lies with the world’s five largest economies. While the ETI top 10 continue to offer strong examples of long-term leadership, it is the top five largest economies – China, the US, the EU, Japan and India – that will ultimately determine the pace and direction of the global energy transition due to their sheer size. Together, they account for around half of global GDP – measured in 2015 constant PPP (purchasing power parity) terms – population and total energy supply (TES), but nearly two-thirds of global emissions, giving them outsized influence through their consumption patterns, investment flows and policy choices.Country2025 ETI score Structural strengths Progress highlights 2025 Sweden 77.5Clean energy mix (biofuels, nuclear, waste), strong regulation, market-based policies16 and top-tier innovation ecosystem17Continued to lead the ETI, driven by rising low-carbon technology advantages, effective carbon pricing through net carbon rates, low methane emissions, clean job growth, robust R&D investment and a top-ranked credit rating Finland 71.8Legally binding 2035 carbon neutrality target, sector-specific decarbonization plans18 and strong nuclear/renewables energy mix19Advanced with reduced fuel imports and led in grid reliability, with low transmission losses and minimal power interruptions Denmark 71.6Net zero by 2045,20 backed by a comprehensive policy framework, diversified energy mix,21 offshore wind leadership and hydrogen infrastructure expansionLed in economic freedom, supported by open markets, transparent regulation and strong institutional frameworks Norway 71.5Clean power mix (hydro, wind),22 robust, interconnected grid, high transport electrification and capital access via sovereign wealth fund23Strengthened position with soaring renewable energy investment and world’s lowest net energy imports, reflecting strong export capacity Switzerland 71.0Advanced regulatory architecture (CO2 Act),24 clean, balanced energy mix, and innovation hubsMaintained performance with rising renewables and clean job growth, underpinned by world-leading carbon pricing Austria 70.6Strong public support for early climate neutrality (2040) and accelerating renewable deployment through integrated national energy and climate planning 26Climbed rankings with more clean energy jobs and led infrastructure with robust renewable capacity buildout Latvia 69.4Expanding renewable share,27 modernization of grid infrastructure and synchronization of grids with Continental European Network28Top improver with soaring clean investment (+973% y-o-y), lower fuel imports and leading low-carbon job share Netherlands 69.2Strong transmission infrastructure and substantial investments in (smart) grid modernization and hydrogen-ready networks29 Strengthened performance with a rise in renewable energy investments and declining reliance on gas imports Germany 68.8Sectoral net-zero targets, strong industrial policy and frameworks for hard-to-abate sectors,30 and dedicated hydrogen infrastructure31Maintained energy transition progress through expanded renewable capacity, ongoing coal phase-down and growing renewable energy investment Portugal 68.6Expanding renewable share (wind)32 and major investments in grid,33 hydrogen34 and offshore wind development35Improved performance with a cut in net fuel imports and greater affordability for industry Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2025 17