Global Cooperation Barometer 2025

Pre- and post-pandemic peace and security cooperation FIGURE 13 0.802022-23 average 0.601.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.650.751.051.101.15All metrics are below pre-pandemic trend Index averages 0.70 2018-19 average0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 45° line, where 2022-23 average = 2018-19 averageCyber incidents Lower post-2020FatalitiesForcibly displaced people UNSC resolutionsPeace operationsConflictsHigher post-2020 Source: United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR), UPPSALA, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), United Nations Security Council (UNSC), McKinsey & Company analysis.several domains of the multilateral system,50 with the Security Council passing fewer resolutions in 2023 than in any year since 2013. Although preliminary figures suggest fatalities declined in 2023, following a ceasefire in Ethiopia (one of the largest sources of casualties in 2022), final figures may be revised upward due to increased fatalities in Sudan, Ukraine, Gaza and other frontlines of war.51 Conflicts have also continued to figure extensively in the digital domain. Some measure of optimism can be seen in the fact that the number of significant cyber incidents was below the 2020 peak for the third consecutive year. That said, additional cooperation between governments and companies will be needed to improve cybersecurity standards and protect personal data and critical infrastructure. In September 2024, the UN General Assembly adopted the Pact for the Future, which includes commitments to “redouble” efforts to build and sustain peace, but thus far, progress on this agenda has remained elusive.52 The Global Cooperation Barometer 2025 Second Edition 21