Nature Positive Role of the Offshore Wind Sector

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Endnotes 1. International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). Offshore Renewables: An Action Agenda for Deployment. https://www.irena.org/ Publications/2021/Jul/Offshore-Renewables-An-Action-Agenda-for-Deployment. 2. Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC). (2024). Global Offshore Wind Report 2024. https://gwec.net/global-offshore-wind- report-2024/. 3. Metcalfe, O. (2024). Offshore Wind Investment Hits All-Time High in 2023. BloombergNEF. https://about.bnef.com/blog/ offshore-wind-investment-hit-all-time-high-in-2023/. 4. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). 2018. Renewable Energy Benefits: Leveraging local capacity for offshore wind. 5. Global Footprint Network. (n.d.). Home. https://www.footprintnetwork.org. 6. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). (n.d.). Models of drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem change. https://www.ipbes.net/models-drivers-biodiversity-ecosystem-change. 7. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). (2021). IPBES-IPCC Co-sponsored Workshop: Biodiversity and Climate Change – Scientific outcome. https://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/ files/2021-06/2021_IPCC-IPBES_scientific_outcome_20210612.pdf. 8. London School of Economics and Political Science and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment. (2023). What is the role of deforestation in climate change and how can ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation’ (REDD+) help?. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/explainers/whats-redd-and-will-it- help-tackle-climate-change. 9. The Nature Conservancy. (2017). Nature’s Make or Break Potential for Climate Change. https://www.nature.org/en-us/ what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/natures-make-or-break-potential-for-climate-change/?src=social.multiple.site_ globsol.cam_ncs.link_initative.d_oct2017.info_ncs3. 10. Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). (n.d.). Forest, Land and Agriculture (FLAG): Key requirements of the SBTi FLAG Guidance. https://sciencebasedtargets.org/sectors/forest-land-and-agriculture. 11. Science Based Targets Network (SBTN). (n.d.). Step 3: Measure, Set & Disclose Land Targets. https://sciencebasedtargetsnetwork.org/companies/take-action/set-targets/land-targets/ . 12. Caesar, L. et al. (2024). Planetary Health Check: A Scientific Assessment of the State of the Planet. https://www.planetary healthcheck.org/storyblok-cdn/f/301438/x/a4efc3f6d5/planetaryhealthcheck2024_report.pdf. 13. World Economic Forum. (2025). Global Risks Report 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2025/. 14. Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). (2024). Recommendations. https://tnfd.global/publication/ recommendations-of-the-taskforce-on-nature-related-financial-disclosures/. 15. Convention on Biological Diversity. (2022). Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. https://www.cbd.int/gbf/. 16. European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG). (23 November 2022). EFRAG delivers the first set of draft ESRS to the European Commission [Press release]. https://www.efrag.org/sites/default/files/sites/webpublishing/SiteAssets/ EFRAG%20Press%20release%20First%20Set%20of%20draft%20ESRS.pdf. 17. European Commission. (n.d.). EU taxonomy for sustainable activities. https://finance.ec.europa.eu/sustainable-finance/ tools-and-standards/eu-taxonomy-sustainable-activities_en. 18. Ramos, J. & Sedilekova, Z. (2023). Biodiversity Risk: Legal Implications for Companies and their Directors, Commonwealth Climate and Law Initiative (CCLI). https://commonwealthclimatelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/CCLI_Biodiversity_ risk_paper_2022.pdf. 19. Linklaters. (2024). China’s stock exchanges release for public consultation mandatory sustainability reporting requirements for listed companies. https://sustainablefutures.linklaters.com/post/102j12k/chinas-stock-exchanges-release-for-public- consultation-mandatory-sustainability. 20. Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). (2024). Recommendations. https://tnfd.global/publication/ recommendations-of-the-taskforce-on-nature-related-financial-disclosures/. 21. Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). (2024). Over 500 organisations and $17.7 trillion AUM now committed to TNFD-aligned risk management and corporate reporting. https://tnfd.global/over-500-organisations-and-17-7- trillion-aum-now-committed-to-tnfd-aligned-risk-management-and-corporate-reporting/. 22. DeNederlandscheBank. (2020). Indebted to nature: Exploring biodiversity risks for the Dutch financial sector. https://www.dnb.nl/media/4c3fqawd/indebted-to-nature.pdf. 23. Finance for Biodiversity Foundation. (2022). Global investors developing new collaborative engagement initiative to drive nature action. https://www.financeforbiodiversity.org/global-investors-developing-new-collaborative-engagement- initiative-to-drive-nature-action/. 24. UN Environment Programme (UNEP). (2023). State of Finance for Nature 2023. https://www.unep.org/resources/state- finance-nature-2023. Nature Positive: Role of the Offshore Wind Sector 50
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