Convergence transformation The convergence of spatial intelligence and immersive technologies is fundamentally transforming the perception, interaction with and optimization of physical spaces. Initial investments in spatial intelligence technologies were driven by advancements in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), now significant investments are being directed towards hardware innovations (such as advanced sensors and haptic feedback) and AI-driven software platforms that enhance user experiences and expand the functionality of immersive technologies. Efforts are under way to standardize tools and methods in spatial intelligence and computer vision to enhance interoperability, accuracy and efficiency. In the area of object recognition, standards have been widely adopted for their accuracy and speed in identifying and classifying objects in real-time. For VR, the use of game engines such as Unity and Unreal Engine has become a standard practice, providing consistent development environments and support. CASE STUDY 7 Siemens – digital twin At the heart of this transformation towards increasing energy efficiency, speeding up product development, reducing waste and building more resilient systems is the digital twin: not just a virtual representation of an asset, but a dynamic system that connects physical and digital worlds in real time. As these systems evolve, the next great enabler is the emergence of AI agents. They not only interpret data across isolated platforms but also connect insight to action through software-defined automation – making industrial systems more adaptive, predictive and efficient. Together with partners like NVIDIA, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Sony, Siemens is embedding these capabilities into immersive, physics-based environments where products, production lines and infrastructure can be simulated and tested with real-world precision. Whether it’s reconfiguring a factory, optimizing a city district or designing a next-gen aircraft, the industrial metaverse is emerging as an ecosystem of interoperable digital twins.Immersive product design for aerospace Natilus uses Siemens’ immersive design tools to bring full- scale aircraft models into collaborative XR environments. This allows engineers and stakeholders to interact with complex systems in real time, improving team alignment and speeding up design cycles. Factory digital twin for food and beverage Heineken uses Siemens’ digital energy twins to simulate energy use across breweries and identify major opportunities for decarbonization. With 15-20% energy savings and up to 50% CO2 reduction per site, the solution is now being scaled globally. Digital systems for urban infrastructure Siemensstadt Square in Berlin is being reimagined and developed with a digital twin ecosystem that integrates building, energy and campus-level twins. This end-to-end digital backbone helps identify challenges early, supports collaborative planning and accelerates smart decision-making. On the horizon Spatial intelligence technologies are unlocking new levels of immersion and are already being adopted across multiple industries. This momentum is producing compounding network effects, including a surge in demand for spatial computing skills, the emergence of new interoperability standards, and economies of scale in hardware and software ecosystems. As spatial intelligence convergence matures, new waves of innovation will emerge such as real time 3D systems,20 the combination of omni compute, AI and robotic advanced sensors and motion capture technologies in any environments. Industries such as healthcare develop reactive “human digital twins” in real time – virtual representations of patient- specific anatomy and physiology. These real-time 3D systems will reshape how surgeries are planned and enhance global collaboration among healthcare experts.21 In the entertainment industry, real-time 3D systems with volumetric sensors will enable live mixed-reality concerts and audience-personalized content, expanding the role of audience from passive to active participants, creating new forms of engagement, monetization and creative expression. Technology Convergence Report 34

Technology Convergence Report 2025