Endnotes 1 Holistic health encompasses physical, mental, social and spiritual health. 2 Wüthrich-Grossenbacher, U. (2024). The Need to Widen the Concept of Health and to Include the Spiritual Dimension, International Journal of Public Health, vol. 69. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606648. 3 Calculation assumes an eight-hour day for 250 working days a year over 45 years. 4 Pryce-Jones, J. (2011). Happiness at Work: Maximizing Your Psychological Capital for Success. Wiley. 5 Dewhurst, M. et al. (2022). Living longer in better health: Six shifts needed for healthy aging. McKinsey Health Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/living-longer-in-better-health-six-shifts-needed-for-healthy-aging; Brassey, J. et al. (2023). Reframing employee health: Moving beyond burn-out to holistic health. McKinsey Health Institute. https:// www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/reframing-employee-health-moving-beyond-burnout-to-holistic-health. 6 Calculation assumes an eight-hour day for 250 working days a year over 45 years; Brassey, J. et al. (2024). Working nine to thrive. McKinsey Health Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/working-nine-to-thrive. 7 Ungerman, D., et al., (2024). How to achieve great health for all? Start in your city. McKinsey Health Institute. https:// www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/how-to-achieve-great-health-for-all-start-in-your-city. 8 Lund, S., et al. (2021). The future of work after COVID-19. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/ featured-insights/future-of-work/the-future-of-work-after-covid-19. 9 Brassey, J. et al. (2022). Addressing employee burn-out: Are you solving the right problem? McKinsey Health Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/addressing-employee-burnout-are-you-solving-the-right-problem. 10 Moose, A., Enomoto, K., Harris, E. (2024). Brain gain: How improving brain health benefits the economy. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/09/brain-gain-how-improving-brain-health-benefits-the-economy/. 11 Brassey, J. et al. (2024). Working nine to thrive. McKinsey Health Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/ working-nine-to-thrive. 12 “The departure of employees from the organization for any reason (voluntary or involuntary), including resignation, termination, death or retirement,” from: Gartner. (n.d). Attrition. https://www.gartner.com/en/human-resources/glossary/ attrition. 13 “Any failure to report for or remain at work as scheduled, regardless of the reason,” from: van Vulpen, E. (n.d.). Absenteeism in the Workplace: A Full Guide. AIHR. https://www.aihr.com/blog/absenteeism/. 14 “The act of staying at work longer than usual, or going to work when you are ill, to show that you work hard and are important to your employer,” from Cambridge Dictionary. Presenteeism. In Cambridge Dictionary. https://dictionary. cambridge.org/dictionary/english/presenteeism 15 “The efficiency with which tasks and goals are accomplished at an organization, fostered through creativity and innovation,” from: MindManager. (2020, 5 May). Productivity in the workplace? What is it and why is it important. MindManager. https://blog.mindmanager.com/202005202003what-is-productivity-in-the-workplace/. 16 Brassey, J. et al. (2024). Working nine to thrive. McKinsey Health Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/ working-nine-to-thrive. 17 Ibid. 18 World Health Organization. (2023, 16 September). Noncommunicable diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases; NCD Alliance. (2017). Tackling noncommunicable diseases in workplace settings in low- and middle-income countries. https://ncdalliance.org/sites/default/files/resource_files/Tackling%20 noncommunicable%20diseases%20in%20workplace%20settings%20in%20LMICs_WEB.pdf. 19 CDC Foundation. (2015, 28 January). Worker Illness and Injury Costs U.S. Employers $225.8 Billion Annually. https:// www.cdcfoundation.org/pr/2015/worker-illness-and-injury-costs-us-employers-225-billion-annually. 20 Goetzel, R. et al. (2004). Health, absence, disability, and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting U.S. employers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 398- 412. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000121151.40413.bd. 21 Virani, S. et al., (2020). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation, vol. 141, no. 9. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, 16 September). About the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. https://www. cdc.gov/nccdphp/divisions-offices/about-the-division-for-heart-disease-and-stroke-prevention.html. 22 Kessler, R. et al. (2011). Insomnia and the performance of US workers: results from the America insomnia survey. SLEEP, vol. 34, no.9. https://doi.org/10.5665/SLEEP .1230. 23 Gupta, A. et al. (2024). Reimagining US employer health benefits with innovative plan designs. McKinsey & Company. . https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare/our-insights/reimagining-us-employer-health-benefits-with-innovative- plan-designs. 24 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (n.d.). Health spending and financial sustainability. https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/health-spending.html. 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Thriving Workplaces How Employers can Improve Productivity and Change Lives 2025