Turning Challenge into Opportunity 2025

Technology Technology descriptionTechnology readiness level (TRL) TRL rationale Use cases Use case source(s) Bioethanol from enzymatic fermentationSugars are decomposed into bioethanol using micro-organisms. This produced a biofuel that can be blended up to 15% with ethanol for standard engines, or higher percentages for dedicated ethanol engines.9 IEA, 2025. ETP Clean Energy Technology GuideEdeniq is a developer of cellulosic and biorefining technologies designed to produce low-cost cellulosic sugars and cellulosic ethanol. The company’s cellulosic ethanol products can be easily integrated into existing biorefineries that produce ethanol, other biofuels, biochemicals and bio-based products, enabling biorefineries to produce valuable cellulosic ethanol while also increasing throughput, yields and corn oil production.Edeniq, 2008. Edeniq: advanced biofuel and cellulosic ethanol technologies Biogas from anaerobic digestionMicroorganisms break down organic materials, such as food scraps or animal manure, in the absence of oxygen. This produces biogas consisting of methane, CO2 and small amounts of other gases.9 IEA, 2025. ETP Clean Energy Technology GuidePerpetual Next is a developer of a climate technology designed to reuse waste streams and upgrade organic waste streams to quality raw materials. The company’s technology prevents climate change by reducing CO2 emissions and extracting CO2 from the atmosphere which is converted into renewable bio-based products as well as facilitating a reduction in the use of fossil raw materials, enabling companies to reduce their carbon footprint and minimizing the impact on the environment.Perpetual Next, 2019. Perpetual Next: biomass carbonization and green carbon solutions Biomass sequestrationBiomass sequestration involves removing carbon using biomass crops, harvesting and drying the crops, and burying the carbon underground. The correct storage conditions need to be met in terms of humidity and temperature to avoid anaerobic decomposition.4 Deloitte analysis Technology undergoing early prototyping and testing.Graphyte’s technology sequesters carbon- containing biomass waste underground, avoiding the energy intensity of other engineered carbon removal that allows the company to offer low-cost removals to carbon credit buyers, enabling users to combine the low cost of nature-based approaches with the lasting impact of engineered removal.Graphyte, 2022. Graphyte: permanent carbon removal through biomass transformation Carbon injection wells (e.g. mineral storage)Vast quantities of carbon are naturally stored in geological formations (rocks). Streams of pure CO2 can be absorbed into rocks and stored underground or alternatively can be pumped underground to be naturally absorbed by certain geologic formations.8 Deloitte analysis Dozens of demonstration plants.Charm is a developer of carbon removal technology designed for environmental sustainability. The company’s technology converts agricultural residues into bio- oil through fast pyrolysis, which is then sequestered underground, enabling industries to achieve long-term carbon offsetting and contribute to climate change mitigation.Charm Industrial, 2018. Charm Industrial: carbon removal via bio-oil sequestration Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors 56