Turning Challenge into Opportunity 2025

Technology type Technology Technology descriptionTechnology readiness level (TRL) TRL rationale Use cases Use case source(s) Engine type E-methanol Power-to- methanol (PtM)The power-to-methanol (PtM) pathway is a process that synthesizes e-methanol, a renewable, carbon-neutral fuel, by combining green hydrogen (H2) with captured CO2. This process is central to decarbonizing shipping, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional marine fuels.8-9 Deloitte analysis Methanol is moving towards initial scale, with around 60 methanol- capable vessels on the water, more than 300 further ships on order and just under 20 ports offering green methanol bunkering. Methanol engines are commercially available and in use. Retrofitting and new builds are well-established.Earlier this year, Ørsted and Maersk took another decisive step and signed a landmark green fuels agreement to boost global e-methanol production. The 675 MW facility in Texas will produce a further 300,000 tonnes, which Maersk will use in its newly ordered fleet of 12 methanol-powered vessels by 2025, bringing green shipping and global trade a step closer to reality.Renewable H2, 2024. Decarbonising shipping globally with e-methanolDual-fuel methanol engines: these are internal combustion engines designed to operate on both methanol and conventional marine fuels (such as diesel or heavy fuel oil). This flexibility allows vessels to switch between fuels based on cost, availability and regulatory requirements. Hydrogen Electrolysis – alkaline electrolysis (using freshwater)Water is split into hydrogen and oxygen via the application of an electric current, using a porous diaphragm and an alkaline electrolyte.9 IEA, 2025. ETP Clean Energy Technology GuideSunfire (Germany), an electrolyser manufacturer, presents a cutting- edge solution in the form of its ultra-reliable pressurized alkaline electrolyser. This advanced electrolyser is specifically designed for applications where steam availability is limited or absent.Green H2 World, 2024. ElectrolysersHydrogen internal combustion engines (HICEs): these are modified conventional engines designed to burn hydrogen directly. They can operate solely on hydrogen or in dual-fuel mode with a pilot fuel such as diesel. HICEs leverage familiar engine technology, can accept lower purity hydrogen and produce no CO2 emissions when running on pure hydrogen. Turning Challenge into Opportunity: Supplier Voices from Heavy-Emitting Sectors 64