sources/exchanges — index
Document text
Research, not advice. Part of the Bitcoin research archive (October 2026). Claims labelled unverified, contested or fringe are reported, not endorsed; statuses of bills and rules are as of the date checked. Government, court and patent records are public domain; the research notes are CC BY 4.0.
sources/exchanges — index
Full copies of government and court documents used by market/2026-10-09-exchanges.md.
All files downloaded 2026-10-09 with a normal browser User-Agent after checking each site's robots.txt.
Copyrighted material (news, law-firm articles, company pages) is not saved here; it is summarised and linked in the market file.
"Mirror" means the official site blocked automated download (bot challenge or 403) and the copy came from a third party that republished the government/court filing unchanged as far as could be seen. Mirrors were not byte-compared with the official copy.
| File | Document | Issuer | Doc date | Source URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
FinCEN-2023-11-21-Binance-consent-order-2023-04.pdf |
Consent Order No. 2023-04, In re Binance Holdings Ltd. et al. ($3.4B civil money penalty, 5-yr monitorship) | FinCEN | 2023-11-21 | https://www.fincen.gov/system/files/enforcement_action/2023-11-21/FinCEN_Consent_Order_2023-04_FINAL508.pdf |
FinCEN-2023-11-21-Binance-press-release.html |
"FinCEN Announces Largest Settlement in U.S. Treasury Department History…" | FinCEN | 2023-11-21 | https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-announces-largest-settlement-us-treasury-department-history-virtual-asset |
Treasury-2023-11-21-jy1925-Binance.html |
Treasury press release jy1925 (FinCEN $3.4B, OFAC $968M) | U.S. Treasury | 2023-11-21 | https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1925 |
OFAC-2023-11-21-Binance-settlement.pdf |
OFAC settlement agreement with Binance Holdings Ltd. | OFAC | 2023-11-21 | https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/932356/download |
WDWA-2023-11-21-US-v-Binance-Holdings-2-23-cr-00178-complete-plea-Doc23.pdf |
United States v. Binance Holdings Ltd., W.D. Wash. No. 2:23-cr-00178-RAJ, Doc. 23 ("complete Binance plea – filed"; 97 pp; scanned images, no text layer) | DOJ / court filing | 2023-11-21 | https://www.justice.gov/criminal/media/1327926/dl?inline (same file served at https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/media/1326901/dl) |
OFAC-2022-11-28-Kraken-Payward-settlement-web-notice.pdf |
OFAC enforcement web notice: Payward, Inc. (Kraken), $362,158.70, Iran | OFAC | 2022-11-28 | https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/929541/download?inline |
NYDFS-2023-01-04-Coinbase-consent-order.pdf |
Consent Order, In re Coinbase, Inc. ($50M penalty + $50M compliance investment) | NYDFS | 2023-01-04 | Mirror: https://business.cch.com/BFLD/NYDFS-Coinbase-Consent-Order-01042023.pdf (official release: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr202301041) |
NYDFS-2022-08-01-Robinhood-Crypto-consent-order.pdf |
Consent Order, In re Robinhood Crypto, LLC ($30M) | NYDFS | 2022-08 | Mirror: https://www.skadden.com/-/media/files/publications/2022/08/the-distributed-ledger/the-consent-order-from-nydfs-agreed-to-by-rhc.pdf (official: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2024/08/ea20220801_robinhood_crypto.pdf) |
NYDFS-2025-04-10-Block-Inc-Cash-App-consent-order.pdf |
Consent Order, In re Block, Inc. d/b/a Block of Delaware ($40M; Cash App incl. bitcoin) | NYDFS | 2025-04-10 | Mirror: https://www.fireblocks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Consent-order-levied-against-Block-Inc.-by-NYDFS.pdf (official release: https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr202504101) |
NYAG-2023-12-KuCoin-stipulation-and-consent-Index-450703-2023.pdf |
People v. Mek Global Ltd. & Phoenixfin Pte Ltd d/b/a KuCoin, N.Y. Sup. Ct. Index 450703/2023, Stipulation and Consent | NY Attorney General | 2023-12 | https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/settlements-agreements/kucoin-stipulation-and-consent.pdf |
SDNY-2025-01-27-US-v-Peken-Global-KuCoin-plea-agreement-attachments.pdf |
United States v. Peken Global Ltd. d/b/a KuCoin (S.D.N.Y.), plea agreement attachments (compliance-consultant framework, statement of facts, forfeiture) | DOJ / court filing | 2025-01-27 | Mirror: https://www.gibsondunn.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/2289000-2289576-u.s._v._kucoin_plea_agreement_and_attachments.pdf |
SDNY-2025-02-24-US-v-Aux-Cayes-FinTech-OKX-plea-agreement.pdf |
United States v. Aux Cayes FinTech Co. Ltd. (OKX), guilty plea papers incl. forfeiture of $420,353,574 (mostly scanned) | DOJ / court filing | 2025-02-24 | Mirror: https://www.gibsondunn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Aux-Cayes-Fintech-dba-OKX-Guilty-Plea.pdf |
FinCEN-2021-08-10-BitMEX-HDR-assessment.pdf |
Assessment of Civil Money Penalty No. 2021-02, HDR Global Trading Ltd. et al. d/b/a BitMEX ($100M, $50M credited for CFTC payment) | FinCEN | 2021-08-10 | https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement_action/2021-08-10/Assessment_BITMEX_508_FINAL.pdf |
DOJ-2025-12-10-paxful-holdings-pleads-guilty.html |
"Virtual Asset Trading Platform Pleads Guilty to Violating the Travel Act…" (Paxful) | DOJ Office of Public Affairs | 2025-12-10 | https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/virtual-asset-trading-platform-pleads-guilty-violating-travel-act-and-other-federal-criminal |
DOJ-2026-02-11-paxful-holdings-sentenced.html |
"Virtual Asset Trading Platform Sentenced…" (Paxful, $4M) | DOJ Office of Public Affairs | 2026-02-11 | https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/virtual-asset-trading-platform-sentenced-violating-travel-act-and-other-federal-criminal |
EDCA-2025-12-08-US-v-Paxful-Holdings-2-25-cr-00235-plea-agreement.pdf |
United States v. Paxful Holdings Inc., E.D. Cal. No. 2:25-cr-00235-JAM, Doc. 18, plea agreement (60 pp) | DOJ / court filing | 2025-12-08 | Mirror: https://www.gibsondunn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Paxful-plea-agreement.pdf |
FinCEN-2025-12-Paxful-consent-order.pdf |
Consent Order No. 2025-02, Paxful, Inc. and Paxful USA, Inc. ($3.5M, $1.75M credited to DOJ payment) | FinCEN | 2025-12 | https://www.fincen.gov/system/files/2025-12/PaxfulConsentOrder.pdf |
FinCEN-2025-08-04-Notice-CVC-kiosks.pdf |
FIN-2025-NTC1, Notice on the Use of CVC Kiosks for Scam Payments and Other Illicit Activity (also saved by another researcher at sources/kyc-aml/) |
FinCEN | 2025-08-04 | https://www.fincen.gov/system/files/2025-08/FinCEN-Notice-CVCKIOSK.pdf |
FBI-IC3-2025-02-26-PSA250226-Bybit-TraderTraitor.html |
PSA250226, North Korea responsible for $1.5B Bybit theft (contains published ETH addresses; also summarised at sources/hacks/) |
FBI IC3 | 2025-02-26 | https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2025/PSA250226 |
OR-DOJ-2025-04-18-Coinbase-lawsuit-press-release.html |
"Oregon Attorney General Rayfield Sues Coinbase…" | Oregon DOJ | 2025-04-18 | https://www.doj.state.or.us/media-home/news-media-releases/oregon-attorney-general-rayfield-sues-coinbase-for-promoting-and-selling-high-risk-investments |
IA-AG-2025-02-26-crypto-ATM-lawsuits-press-release.html |
"Attorney General Bird Sues Crypto ATM Companies for Costing Iowans More than $20 Million" | Iowa AG | 2025-02-26 | https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/newsroom/attorney-general-bird-sues-crypto-atm-companies-for-costing-iowans-more-than-20-million |
IA-AG-2025-02-26-Bitcoin-Depot-petition.pdf |
State of Iowa v. Bitcoin Depot, petition (redacted) | Iowa AG | 2025-02-26 | https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/media/cms/Final_Bitcoin_Depot_Petition_Redact_4FC03C49F36FD.pdf |
IA-AG-2025-02-26-CoinFlip-petition.pdf |
State of Iowa v. CoinFlip, petition (redacted) | Iowa AG | 2025-02-26 | https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/media/cms/Final_Coinflip_Petition_Redacted_BDEF791715C74.pdf |
IA-AG-2025-02-26-crypto-ATM-fact-sheet.pdf |
Press-conference fact sheet | Iowa AG | 2025-02-26 | https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/media/cms/CryptoPresserFactSheet_025A49CA1858C.pdf |
DC-OAG-2025-09-08-Athena-Bitcoin-lawsuit-press-release.html |
"Attorney General Schwalb Sues Crypto ATM Operator…" (Athena Bitcoin) | D.C. Office of the Attorney General | 2025-09-08 | https://oag.dc.gov/release/attorney-general-schwalb-sues-crypto-atm-operator |
DC-OAG-2025-09-08-Athena-Bitcoin-complaint.pdf |
District of Columbia v. Athena Bitcoin, Inc., complaint | D.C. OAG | 2025-09-08 | https://oag.dc.gov/sites/default/files/2025-09/Athena%20Complaint.pdf |
MO-AG-2026-05-20-CoinFlip-lawsuit-press-release.html |
"Attorney General Hanaway Files Suit Against Crypto ATM Network…" (GPD Holdings LLC d/b/a CoinFlip) | Missouri AG | 2026-05-20 | https://ago.mo.gov/attorney-general-hanaway-files-suit-against-crypto-atm-network-for-enabling-scams |
MO-AG-2026-05-CoinFlip-petition-Jasper-County.pdf |
State of Missouri v. GPD Holdings LLC, petition, Circuit Court of Jasper County | Missouri AG | 2026-05 | https://ago.mo.gov/wp-content/uploads/Coinflip-Petition-Final.pdf |
WA-DFI-2026-09-03-CoinFlip-statement-of-charges-press-release.html |
"Washington State DFI Takes Action Against CoinFlip" | Washington DFI | 2026-09-03 | https://dfi.wa.gov/news/press/washington-state-dfi-takes-action-against-coinflip |
WA-DFI-2026-09-03-CoinFlip-statement-of-charges-C-26-4341.pdf |
Statement of Charges No. C-26-4341-26-SC01, GPD Holdings LLC; Benjamin Weiss | Washington DFI | 2026-09 | https://dfi.wa.gov/sites/default/files/consumer-services/enforcement-actions/C-26-4341-26-SC01-GPD-Holdings-LLC%3B-Benjamin-Weiss_web.pdf |
TN-Public-Chapter-766-Acts-2026-kiosk-ban.pdf |
Tennessee Public Chapter 766, Acts of 2026 (HB 2505) — virtual currency kiosk ban (also saved by another researcher at sources/kyc-aml/) |
Tennessee Secretary of State | 2026-04 | https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/114/pub/pc0766.pdf |
TN-TDFI-2026-06-04-bulletin-C-26-1-virtual-currency-kiosks.html |
Bulletin C-26-1, Public Chapter 766 regarding virtual currency kiosks | Tennessee Dept. of Financial Institutions | 2026-06-04 | https://www.tn.gov/tdfi/mortgage-consumer-lending/mort-lending-bulletins/virtual-currency-kiosks.html |
KS-OSBC-2026-07-06-kiosk-consumer-protection-act.html |
"Virtual Currency Kiosk Consumer Protection Act – Effective Date: July 1, 2026" (HB 2591) | Kansas Office of the State Bank Commissioner | 2026-07-06 | https://osbckansas.gov/virtual-currency-kiosk-consumer-protection-act-effective-date-july-1-2026 |
NE-NDBF-crypto-ATMs-LB609.html |
Crypto ATMs page (LB 609, Controllable Electronic Record Fraud Prevention Act) | Nebraska Dept. of Banking and Finance | read 2026-10-09 | https://ndbf.nebraska.gov/crypto-atms |
NE-NDBF-LB609-FAQ.pdf |
FAQs: Nebraska's Cryptocurrency ATM Law | Nebraska Dept. of Banking and Finance | n.d. | https://ndbf.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/FAQs%20Nebraska's%20Cryptocurrency%20ATM%20Law.pdf |
Not saved (and why)
- DOJ press releases for Binance (2023-11-21), KuCoin (2025-01-27), OKX (2025-02-24), BitMEX (2024-07 plea; 2025-01-15 fine). justice.gov returned a bot-verification interstitial for these pages on 2026-10-09 (repeated attempts). Not bypassed. URLs are in the market file; the plea papers above stand in for them where available.
- CFTC orders (Binance 2023, BitMEX 2021, Bitfinex 2016/2021, Gemini 2025/2026). cftc.gov's robots.txt disallows
ClaudeBot,Claude-Webandanthropic-ai, so nothing was fetched from cftc.gov. - NYDFS originals. dfs.ny.gov serves a Cloudflare challenge to command-line clients; pages were read through the WebFetch tool and full orders taken from mirrors (see table).
- Massachusetts AG v. Bitcoin Depot (2026). mass.gov returned HTTP 403.
- SEC documents. Read via WebFetch only (sec.gov asks automated clients to declare a contact e-mail, which was not sent).
SEC v. Coinbase stipulation and SEC v. Payward/Kraken complaints are already saved by another researcher in
sources/wallets/.