Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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266 documents · case: states

A.R.S. § 44-308, Delivery of abandoned property (digital assets in native form)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az

Arizona Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 44-308 - Payment or delivery of abandoned property 44-308. Payment or delivery of abandoned property A. On filing the report prescribed in section 44-307, the holder of property that is presumed abandoned shall pay, deliver or cause to be paid or delivered to the department the property described in the report as unclaimed. If the property is an automatically renewable deposit and a penalty or forfeiture in the payment of interest would result, the time for compliance is extended until a penalty or forfeiture would no longer result. The holder of tangible property held in a safe deposit box…

A.R.S. § 44-7061, Signatures and records secured through blockchain; smart contracts

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az

Arizona Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 44-7061 - Signatures and records secured through blockchain technology; smart contracts; ownership of information; definitions 44-7061. Signatures and records secured through blockchain technology; smart contracts; ownership of information; definitions A. A signature that is secured through blockchain technology is considered to be in an electronic form and to be an electronic signature. B. A record or contract that is secured through blockchain technology is considered to be in an electronic form and to be an electronic record. C. Smart contracts may exist in commerce. A contract relating…

A.R.S. § 6-1201, Definitions (Money Transmission Act)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az

Arizona Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 6-1201 - Definitions 6-1201. Definitions In this article, unless the context otherwise requires: 1. "Acting in concert" means persons knowingly acting together with a common goal of jointly acquiring control of a licensee whether or not pursuant to an express agreement. 2. "Authorized delegate" means a person that a licensee designates to engage in money transmission on behalf of the licensee. 3. "Average daily money transmission liability" means the amount of the licensee's outstanding money transmission obligations at the end of each day in quarters ending March 31, June 30, September 3…

A.R.S. § 6-1236, Cryptocurrency kiosk operator; disclosures; receipt; fraud prevention; refunds

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az

Arizona Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 6-1236 - Cryptocurrency kiosk operator; disclosures; receipt; fraud prevention; refunds; enforcement; definitions 6-1236. Cryptocurrency kiosk operator; disclosures; receipt; fraud prevention; refunds; enforcement; definitions A. A cryptocurrency kiosk operator shall disclose in a clear, conspicuous and easily readable and understandable manner in the chosen language of the customer all relevant terms and conditions that are generally associated with the products, services and activities of the cryptocurrency kiosk operator and virtual currency. The cryptocurrency kiosk operator shall receiv…

Veto letter, HB2324 (forfeiture; digital assets; reserve fund)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az · snapshot 2025-07-01

Gov. Katie Hobbs. Citation only: the text is not republished here (no extractable text (scanned image or empty)). Original: https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/GetDocumentPdf/531449

Veto letter, SB1024 (state agencies; payments; cryptocurrency)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az · snapshot 2025-05-12

Gov. Katie Hobbs. Citation only: the text is not republished here (no extractable text (scanned image or empty)). Original: https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/GetDocumentPdf/530277

Veto letter, SB1025 (public monies; investment; virtual currency)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az · snapshot 2025-05-02

Gov. Katie Hobbs. Citation only: the text is not republished here (no extractable text (scanned image or empty)). Original: https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/GetDocumentPdf/529922

Veto letter, SB1373 (digital assets strategic reserve fund)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az · snapshot 2025-05-12

Gov. Katie Hobbs. Citation only: the text is not republished here (no extractable text (scanned image or empty)). Original: https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/GetDocumentPdf/530290

Laws 2025, ch. 150 (HB2749), unclaimed property; virtual currency; Bitcoin and Digital Assets Reserve Fund

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az · snapshot 2025

Arizona Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: House Engrossed unclaimed property; virtual currency; security State of Arizona House of Representatives Fifty-seventh Legislature First Regular Session 2025 CHAPTER 150 HOUSE BILL 2749 AN ACT AMENDING TITLE 41, CHAPTER 1, ARTICLE 4, ARIZONA REVISED STATUTES, BY ADDING SECTION 41-180; AMENDING SECTIONS 44-301, 44-302, 44-308 AND 44-312, ARIZONA REVISED STATUTES; RELATING TO DIGITAL ASSETS. (TEXT OF BILL BEGINS ON NEXT PAGE) -…

Laws 2025, ch. 171 (HB2387), cryptocurrency kiosk; license; fraud prevention

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az · snapshot 2025

Arizona Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Senate Engrossed House Bill cryptocurrency kiosk; license; fraud prevention State of Arizona House of Representatives Fifty-seventh Legislature First Regular Session 2025 CHAPTER 171 HOUSE BILL 2387 AN ACT AMENDING TITLE 6, CHAPTER 12, ARTICLE 1, ARIZONA REVISED STATUTES, BY ADDING SECTION 6-1236; RELATING TO MONEY TRANSMISSION. (TEXT OF BILL BEGINS ON NEXT PAGE) - i - H.B. 2387 1 Be it enacted by the Legislature o…

Sources: Arizona (AZ)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Az · snapshot 2026-10-09

All files are Arizona government documents, saved in full. Retrieved 2026-10-09.

AB 2409, Digital assets: meme coins, chaptered

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ca · snapshot 2026

California Legislature (Asm. Valencia). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: AB 2409 (2025-2026), Digital assets: meme coins, Chaptered: Stats. 2026, Ch. 473 (2026-09-27) AB 2409 (2025-2026), Digital assets: meme coins, Chaptered: Stats. 2026, Ch. 473 (2026-09-27) Source: California Legislative Counsel, legislative information public data (pubinfo_2025.zip, file BILL_VERSION_TBL_18768.lob), downloaded 2026-10-09 from https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ . Official bill page: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB2409 . Text converted from CAML XML to HTML without editing. 20250AB__240991CHP 91 INTRODUCED 2026-02-20 A…

SB 1208, Money laundering: digital assets, chaptered

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ca · snapshot 2026

California Legislature (Sen. Grayson; sponsored by AG Bonta). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: SB 1208 (2025-2026), Money laundering: digital assets, Chaptered: Stats. 2026, Ch. 483 (2026-09-27) SB 1208 (2025-2026), Money laundering: digital assets, Chaptered: Stats. 2026, Ch. 483 (2026-09-27) Source: California Legislative Counsel, legislative information public data (pubinfo_2025.zip, file BILL_VERSION_TBL_19052.lob), downloaded 2026-10-09 from https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ . Official bill page: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1208 . Text converted from CAML XML to HTML without editing. 20250SB__120892CHP 92 INTRODUCED…

SB 822, Unclaimed property: digital financial assets, chaptered

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ca · snapshot 2025

California Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: SB 822 (2025-2026), Unclaimed property: digital financial assets, Chaptered: Stats. 2025, Ch. 660 (2025-10-11) SB 822 (2025-2026), Unclaimed property: digital financial assets, Chaptered: Stats. 2025, Ch. 660 (2025-10-11) Source: California Legislative Counsel, legislative information public data (pubinfo_2025.zip, file BILL_VERSION_TBL_9575.lob), downloaded 2026-10-09 from https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ . Official bill page: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB822 . Text converted from CAML XML to HTML without editing. 20250SB__0822…

SB 97, Digital financial assets (DFAL clean-up; stablecoin chapter repealed), chaptered

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ca · snapshot 2026

California Legislature (Sen. Grayson). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: SB 97 (2025-2026), Digital financial assets, Chaptered: Stats. 2026, Ch. 52 (2026-06-30) SB 97 (2025-2026), Digital financial assets, Chaptered: Stats. 2026, Ch. 52 (2026-06-30) Source: California Legislative Counsel, legislative information public data (pubinfo_2025.zip, file BILL_VERSION_TBL_15831.lob), downloaded 2026-10-09 from https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ . Official bill page: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB97 . Text converted from CAML XML to HTML without editing. 20250SB__009792CHP 92 INTRODUCED 2025-01-23 AMENDED_SENAT…

Fin. Code §§ 3101, 3102, 3201, 3901, 3902, 3904–3907; Code Civ. Proc. §§ 1516.5, 1568 (official text with history notes)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ca · snapshot 2026-10

California Legislative Counsel. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: California code sections: Digital Financial Assets Law, kiosks, unclaimed digital financial assets California code sections (official text) Source: California Legislative Counsel, legislative information public data, LAW_SECTION_TBL in pubinfo_2025.zip (file dated 2026-10-04), downloaded 2026-10-09 from https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ . The same sections appear at https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes.xhtml . Text reproduced without editing; history notes from the same table. Fin. Code § 3101 This division shall be known as the Digital Financial Assets Law. Added by…

Sources: California (CA)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ca · snapshot 2026-10-09

All files are California government texts. They were taken from the Legislative Counsel's public bulk data ( pubinfo 2025.zip , file dated 2026-10-04) at https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ because the interactive leginfo site blocks automated access (Cloudflare). The texts were converted from Legislative Counsel's CAML XML or law-section files to plain HTML without editing. Retrieved 2026-10-09.

Interim Regulatory Guidance: Virtual Currency and the Colorado Money Transmission Modernization Act ("MTMA")

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Co · snapshot 2025-12-18

Colorado Division of Banking (DORA). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Interim Regulatory Guidance: Virtual Currency and the Colorado Money Transmission Modernization Act (“MTMA”) Issued: December 18, 2025 I. Purpose This guidance outlines the Division of Banking’s interpretation of the Colorado Money Transmission Modernization Act (“MTMA”) as it relates to whether a person 1 or organization engaged in the business of buying, selling and/or facilitating the transfer of virtual currency within the state must obtain a license as a money transmitter under Colorado la…

House Bill 25-1201, Model Money Transmission Modernization Act (signed act)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Co

Colorado General Assembly / Gov. Polis. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: HOUSE BILL 25-1201 BY REPRESENTATIVE(S) Marshall, Jackson; also SENATOR(S) Hinrichsen and Liston. CONCERNING IMPLEMENTING A MODEL ACT TO MODERNIZE MONEY TRANSMISSION. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado: SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, repeal and reenact, with amendments, article 110 of title 11 as follows: ARTICLE 110 Money Transmitters PART 1 SHORT TITLE AND LEGISLATIVE DECLARATION 11-110-101. Short title. THE SHORT TITLE OF THIS A…

Senate Bill 25-079, Colorado Vending of Digital Assets Act (signed act)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Co

Colorado General Assembly / Gov. Polis. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: ,... „..,....... SENATE BILL 25-079 BY SENATOR(S) Rich and Roberts, Hinrichsen, Kipp; also REPRESENTATIVE(S) Taggart and Jackson, Bacon, Joseph, Lieder, Mabrey, Paschal, Ricks, Rutinel. CONCERNING THE "COLORADO VENDING OF DIGITAL ASSETS ACT". Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado: SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add article 112 to title 11 as follows: ARTICLE 112 Colorado Vending of Digital Assets 11-112-101. Short title. THE SHORT TITLE OF THIS ARTICLE 112 IS THE "COLORADO VENDING OF DIGI…