Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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1030 documents

NR 2026-25 Agencies Request Comment on AML/CFT Program Proposed Rule

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2026-04-07

OCC, FDIC, NCUA. 2026-04-07. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Agencies Request Comment on Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism Proposed Rule | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Se…

NR 2026-26 Agencies Issue Final Rule to Prohibit Use of Reputation Risk by Regulators

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2026-04-07

OCC, FDIC. 2026-04-07. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Agencies Issue Final Rule to Prohibit Use of Reputation Risk by Regulators | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Fi…

NR 2026-45 Agencies Remove Additional References to Reputation Risk

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2026-06-02

OCC, FDIC, Fed. 2026-06-02. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Agencies Remove Additional References to Reputation Risk | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Institutio…

NR 2026-71 Agencies Issue Final Rule to Prioritize Material Financial Risks ("unsafe or unsound practice" definition)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2026-08-27

OCC, FDIC. 2026-08-27. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Agencies Issue Final Rule to Prioritize Material Financial Risks | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial In…

NR 2025-101 OCC Announces Conditional Approval for Chartering Erebor Bank

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-10-15

OCC. 2025-10-15. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Announces Conditional Approval for Chartering Erebor Bank | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Insti…

NR 2025-108 OCC Confirms Bank Authority to Hold Certain Crypto-Assets as Principal to Pay Network Fees

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-11-18

OCC. 2025-11-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Confirms Bank Authority to Hold Certain Crypto-Assets as Principal for Purposes of Paying Crypto-Asset Network Fees | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to bank…

NR 2025-114 Comptroller statement on congressional debanking report

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-12-01

OCC. 2025-12-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Comptroller Issues Statement on Congressional Debanking Report | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Inst…

NR 2025-120 Comptroller Gould Discusses De Novo Charters

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-12-08

OCC. 2025-12-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Comptroller Gould Discusses De Novo Charters | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Institution Search CR…

NR 2025-121 OCC Confirms Bank Authority to Engage in Riskless Principal Crypto-Asset Transactions

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-12-09

OCC. 2025-12-09. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Confirms Bank Authority to Engage in Riskless Principal Crypto-Asset Transactions | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Searc…

NR 2025-123 OCC Releases Preliminary Findings from Its Review of Large Banks' Debanking Activities

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-12-10

OCC. 2025-12-10. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Releases Preliminary Findings from Its Review of Large Banks’ Debanking Activities | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Sear…

NR 2025-125 OCC Announces Conditional Approvals for Five National Trust Bank Charter Applications

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-12-12

OCC. 2025-12-12. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Announces Conditional Approvals for Five National Trust Bank Charter Applications | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Searc…

NR 2025-16 OCC Clarifies Bank Authority to Engage in Certain Cryptocurrency Activities

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-03-07

OCC. 2025-03-07. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Clarifies Bank Authority to Engage in Certain Cryptocurrency Activities | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools…

NR 2025-21 OCC Ceases Examinations for Reputation Risk

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-03-20

OCC. 2025-03-20. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Ceases Examinations for Reputation Risk | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Institution Search CRA…

NR 2025-42 OCC Clarifies Bank Authority to Engage in Crypto-Asset Custody and Execution Services

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-05-07

OCC. 2025-05-07. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Clarifies Bank Authority to Engage in Crypto-Asset Custody and Execution Services | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Searc…

NR 2025-78 Comptroller Gould statement on EO "Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans"

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-08-07

OCC. 2025-08-07. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Comptroller Gould Issues Statement on Executive Order “Guaranteeing Fair Banking For All Americans” | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Sear…

NR 2025-80 Enforcement Actions for August 2025 (terminates Anchorage 2022 cease-and-desist order)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-08-21

OCC. 2025-08-21. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Announces Enforcement Actions for August 2025 | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Institution Searc…

NR 2025-84 OCC Announces Actions to Depoliticize the Federal Banking System

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-09-08

OCC. 2025-09-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Announces Actions to Depoliticize the Federal Banking System | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial In…

NR 2025-90 Enforcement Actions for September 2025 (terminates Vast Bank 2023 order)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2025-09-18

OCC. 2025-09-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Announces Enforcement Actions for September 2025 | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Institution S…

NR 2026-27 Comptroller statement on final rule eliminating reputation risk

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2026-04-07

OCC. 2026-04-07. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Comptroller Statement on Final Rule Eliminating Reputation Risk from Bank Supervision | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Searc…

NR 2026-47 OCC Clarifies Filing Decision Process (denials to be made public)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Banking · snapshot 2026-06-17

OCC. 2026-06-17. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: OCC Clarifies Filing Decision Process | OCC Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Careers Quick Access Most Requested Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Contact Us Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Comptroller's Handbook Corporate Applications Search Enforcement Action Search Financial Institution Lists Newsroom Third-Party Relationships: Interagency Guidance on Risk Management More OCC Websites BankNet.gov Find resources for bankers. HelpWithMyBank.gov Get answers to banking questions. Search More Search Tools Financial Institution Search CRA Perf…