Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2016-11-08
Suhas Daftuar. 2016-11-08. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 90 Title: Buried Deployments Authors: Suhas Daftuar <[email protected]> Comments-Summary: Mostly Recommended for implementation, with some Discouragement Comments-URI: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/wiki/Comments:BIP-0090 Status: Deployed Type: Informational Assigned: 2016-11-08 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== Prior soft forks (BIP 34, BIP 65, and BIP 66) were activated via miner signaling in block version numbers. Now that the chain has long since passed the blocks at which those consensus rules have triggered, we can (as a simplification) replace the tri…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2017-05-22
James Hilliard. 2017-05-22. Full text. Licence: BSD-3-Clause OR CC0-1.0.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 91 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Reduced threshold Segwit MASF Authors: James Hilliard <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2017-05-22 License: BSD-3-Clause OR CC0-1.0 </pre> ==Abstract== This document specifies a method to activate the existing BIP9 segwit deployment with a majority hashpower less than 95%. ==Definitions== "existing segwit deployment" refer to the BIP9 "segwit" deployment using bit 1, between November 15th 2016 and November 15th 2017 to activate BIP141, BIP143 and BIP147. ==Motivation== Segwit increa…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2016-01-28
Gavin Andresen. 2016-01-28. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 109 Layer: Consensus (hard fork) Title: Two million byte size limit with sigop and sighash limits Authors: Gavin Andresen <[email protected]> Status: Closed Type: Specification Assigned: 2016-01-28 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== One-time increase in total amount of transaction data permitted in a block from 1MB to 2MB, with limits on signature operations and hashing. ==Motivation== # Continue current economic policy. # Exercise hard fork network upgrade. # Mitigate potential CPU exhaustion attacks ==Specification== === MAX_BLOCK_SIZE increased to 2,000,0…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2025-12-03
Dathon Ohm. 2025-12-03. Full text. Licence: BSD-3-Clause.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 110 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Reduced Data Temporary Softfork Authors: Dathon Ohm <[email protected]> Status: Closed Type: Specification Assigned: 2025-12-03 License: BSD-3-Clause Discussion: https://groups.google.com/g/bitcoindev/c/nOZim6FbuF8 Version: 1.0.1 </pre> ==Abstract== Temporarily limit the size of data fields at the consensus level, in order to correct distorted incentives caused by standardizing support for arbitrary data, and to refocus priorities on improving Bitcoin as money. ==Copyright== This document is licensed under the 3-c…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2015-08-10
BtcDrak; Mark Friedenbach; Eric Lombrozo. 2015-08-10. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 112 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY Authors: BtcDrak <[email protected]> Mark Friedenbach <[email protected]> Eric Lombrozo <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2015-08-10 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== This BIP describes a new opcode (CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY) for the Bitcoin scripting system that in combination with BIP 68 allows execution pathways of a script to be restricted based on the age of the output being spent. ==Summary== CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY redefines the existing NOP3 opcode…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2015-08-10
Thomas Kerin; Mark Friedenbach. 2015-08-10. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 113 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Median time-past as endpoint for lock-time calculations Authors: Thomas Kerin <[email protected]> Mark Friedenbach <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2015-08-10 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== This BIP is a proposal to redefine the semantics used in determining a time-locked transaction's eligibility for inclusion in a block. The median of the last 11 blocks is used instead of the block's timestamp, ensuring that it increases monotonically with each block. ==Motivation== At pres…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2020-01-06
Jeremy Rubin. 2020-01-06. Full text. Licence: BSD-3-Clause.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 119 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY Authors: Jeremy Rubin <[email protected]> Status: Draft Type: Specification Assigned: 2020-01-06 License: BSD-3-Clause </pre> ==Abstract== This BIP proposes a new opcode, OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY, to be activated as a change to the semantics of OP_NOP4. ==Summary== OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY uses opcode OP_NOP4 (0xb3) as a soft fork upgrade. OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY does the following: * There is at least one element on the stack, fail otherwise * The element on the stack is 32 bytes long, NOP otherwise * The Default…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2015-12-04
David A. Harding; Peter Todd. 2015-12-04. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 125 Layer: Applications Title: Opt-in Full Replace-by-Fee Signaling Authors: David A. Harding <[email protected]> Peter Todd <[email protected]> Comments-Summary: No comments yet. Comments-URI: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/wiki/Comments:BIP-0125 Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2015-12-04 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== Many nodes today will not replace any transaction in their mempool with another transaction that spends the same inputs, making it difficult for spenders to adjust their previously-sent transactions to deal with unexpect…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2015-12-21
Eric Lombrozo; Johnson Lau; Pieter Wuille. 2015-12-21. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 141 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Segregated Witness (Consensus layer) Authors: Eric Lombrozo <[email protected]> Johnson Lau <[email protected]> Pieter Wuille <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2015-12-21 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== This BIP defines a new structure called a "witness" that is committed to blocks separately from the transaction merkle tree. This structure contains data required to check transaction validity but not required to determine transaction effects. In particular, scripts an…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2016-01-03
Johnson Lau; Pieter Wuille. 2016-01-03. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 143 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Transaction Signature Verification for Version 0 Witness Program Authors: Johnson Lau <[email protected]> Pieter Wuille <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2016-01-03 License: PD </pre> == Abstract == This proposal defines a new transaction digest algorithm for signature verification in version 0 witness program, in order to minimize redundant data hashing in verification, and to cover the input value by the signature. == Motivation == There are 4 ECDSA signature verification codes…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2016-01-08
Eric Lombrozo; Pieter Wuille. 2016-01-08. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 144 Layer: Peer Services Title: Segregated Witness (Peer Services) Authors: Eric Lombrozo <[email protected]> Pieter Wuille <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2016-01-08 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== This BIP defines new messages and serialization formats for propagation of transactions and blocks committing to segregated witness structures. ==Motivation== In addition to defining witness structures and requiring commitments in future blocks ([https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki BIP141]…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2016-09-02
Johnson Lau. 2016-09-02. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 147 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Dealing with dummy stack element malleability Authors: Johnson Lau <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2016-09-02 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== This document specifies proposed changes to the Bitcoin transaction validity rules to fix a malleability vector in the extra stack element consumed by <code>OP_CHECKMULTISIG</code> and <code>OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY</code>. ==Motivation== Signature malleability refers to the ability of any relay node on the network to transform the signature in transaction…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2017-03-12
Shaolin Fry. 2017-03-12. Full text. Licence: BSD-3-Clause OR CC0-1.0.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 148 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Mandatory activation of segwit deployment Authors: Shaolin Fry <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2017-03-12 License: BSD-3-Clause OR CC0-1.0 </pre> ==Abstract== This document specifies a BIP16 like soft fork flag day activation of the segregated witness BIP9 deployment known as "segwit". ==Definitions== "existing segwit deployment" refer to the BIP9 "segwit" deployment using bit 1, between November 15th 2016 and November 15th 2017 to activate BIP141, BIP143 and BIP147. ==Motivation==…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2017-04-14
Shaolin Fry. 2017-04-14. Full text. Licence: BSD-3-Clause OR CC0-1.0.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 149 Layer: Consensus (soft fork) Title: Segregated Witness (second deployment) Authors: Shaolin Fry <[email protected]> Status: Closed Type: Specification Assigned: 2017-04-14 License: BSD-3-Clause OR CC0-1.0 </pre> ==Abstract== This document specifies a user activated soft fork for [[bip-0141.mediawiki|BIP141]], [[bip-0143.mediawiki|BIP143]] and [[bip-0147.mediawiki|BIP147]] using versionbits with guaranteed lock-in. ==Motivation== Miners have been reluctant to signal the BIP9 segwit deployment despite a large portion of the Bitcoin ecosystem who want the…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2016-04-27
Matt Corallo. 2016-04-27. Full text. Licence: PD.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 152 Layer: Peer Services Title: Compact Block Relay Authors: Matt Corallo <[email protected]> Comments-Summary: Unanimously Recommended for implementation Comments-URI: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/wiki/Comments:BIP-0152 Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2016-04-27 License: PD </pre> ==Abstract== Compact blocks on the wire as a way to save bandwidth for nodes on the P2P network. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2017-05-24
Olaoluwa Osuntokun; Alex Akselrod; Jim Posen. 2017-05-24. Full text. Licence: CC0-1.0.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 157 Layer: Peer Services Title: Client Side Block Filtering Authors: Olaoluwa Osuntokun <[email protected]> Alex Akselrod <[email protected]> Jim Posen <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2017-05-24 License: CC0-1.0 Requires: 158 </pre> == Abstract == This BIP describes a new light client protocol in Bitcoin that improves upon currently available options. The standard light client protocol in use today, defined in BIP 37<ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0037.mediawiki</ref>, has known flaws…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2017-05-24
Olaoluwa Osuntokun; Alex Akselrod. 2017-05-24. Full text. Licence: CC0-1.0.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 158 Layer: Peer Services Title: Compact Block Filters for Light Clients Authors: Olaoluwa Osuntokun <[email protected]> Alex Akselrod <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2017-05-24 License: CC0-1.0 Requires: 157 </pre> == Abstract == This BIP describes a structure for compact filters on block data, for use in the BIP 157 light client protocol<ref>bip-0157.mediawiki</ref>. The filter construction proposed is an alternative to Bloom filters, as used in BIP 37, that minimizes filter size by using Golomb-Rice coding for compr…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2017-03-20
Pieter Wuille; Greg Maxwell. 2017-03-20. Full text. Licence: BSD-2-Clause.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 173 Layer: Applications Title: Base32 address format for native v0-16 witness outputs Authors: Pieter Wuille <[email protected]> Greg Maxwell <[email protected]> Comments-Summary: No comments yet. Comments-URI: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/wiki/Comments:BIP-0173 Status: Deployed Type: Informational Assigned: 2017-03-20 License: BSD-2-Clause Replaces: 142 Proposed-Replacement: 350 </pre> ==Introduction== ===Abstract=== This document proposes a checksummed base32 format, "Bech32", and a standard for native segregated witness output addresses…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2017-07-12
Ava Chow. 2017-07-12. Full text. Licence: BSD-2-Clause.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 174 Layer: Applications Title: Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction Format Authors: Ava Chow <[email protected]> Comments-Summary: No comments yet. Comments-URI: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/wiki/Comments:BIP-0174 Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2017-07-12 License: BSD-2-Clause Version: 1.4.4 </pre> ==Introduction== ===Abstract=== This document proposes a binary transaction format which contains the information necessary for a signer to produce signatures for the transaction and holds the signatures for an input while the input does not have…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Bips
· snapshot 2019-03-08
Dhruv Mehta; Tim Ruffing; Jonas Schnelli; Pieter Wuille. 2019-03-08. Full text. Licence: BSD-3-Clause.
Excerpt: <pre> BIP: 324 Layer: Peer Services Title: Version 2 P2P Encrypted Transport Protocol Authors: Dhruv Mehta <[email protected]> Tim Ruffing <[email protected]> Jonas Schnelli <[email protected]> Pieter Wuille <[email protected]> Status: Deployed Type: Specification Assigned: 2019-03-08 License: BSD-3-Clause Version: 1.0.2 Replaces: 151 </pre> == Introduction == === Abstract === This document proposes a new Bitcoin P2P transport protocol, which features opportunistic encryption, a mild bandwidth reduction, and the ability to negoti…