Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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1030 documents

FinCEN Proposes New Regulation to Enhance Transparency in Convertible Virtual Currency Mixing and Combat Terrorist Financing

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2023-10-19

FinCEN. 2023-10-19. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN Proposes New Regulation to Enhance Transparency in Convertible Virtual Currency Mixing and Combat Terrorist Financing | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any i…

Proposal of Special Measure Regarding Convertible Virtual Currency Mixing, as a Class of Transactions of Primary Money Laundering Concern (NPRM), 88 FR 72701, FR Doc 2023-23449, RIN 1506-AB64

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2023-10-23

Treasury / FinCEN. 2023-10-23 (signed 2023-10-19). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register, Volume 88 Issue 203 (Monday, October 23, 2023) [Federal Register Volume 88, Number 203 (Monday, October 23, 2023)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 72701-72723] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 2023-23449] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Financial Crimes Enforcement Network 31 CFR Part 1010 RIN 1506-AB64 Proposal of Special Measure Regarding Convertible Virtual Currency Mixing, a…

Executive Order 14178, Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology, 90 FR 8647, FR Doc 2025-02123

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2025-01-31

President. 2025-01-31 (signed 2025-01-23). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register, Volume 90 Issue 20 (Friday, January 31, 2025) [Federal Register Volume 90, Number 20 (Friday, January 31, 2025)] [Presidential Documents] [Pages 8647-8650] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 2025-02123] Presidential Documents Federal Register / Vol. 90 , No. 20 / Friday, January 31, 2025 / Presidential Documents [[Page 8647]] Executive Order 14178 of January 23, 2025 Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology…

Public Law 119-5 (H.J. Res. 25): disapproval under the Congressional Review Act of the IRS rule "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales"

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2025-04-10

Congress (GPO). 2025-04-10. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: [119th Congress Public Law 5] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [[Page 139 STAT. 48]] Public Law 119-5 119th Congress Joint Resolution Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to ``Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales''. <<NOTE: Apr. 10, 2025 - [H.J. Res. 25]>> Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America i…

H.R. 3633, Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025, Engrossed in House (Part 1 of 2)

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Congress (GPO). 2025 (House passage). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: [Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 3633 Engrossed in House (EH)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 3633 _______________________________________________________________________ AN ACT To provide for a system of regulation of the offer and sale of digital commodities by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, to amend the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit the Federal reserve banks from offering certain products or servic…

H.R. 3633, Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025, Engrossed in House (Part 2 of 2)

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Congress (GPO). 2025 (House passage). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: GENIUS Act, by striking the second sentence; and (2) in section 2(a)(1)(A) (7 U.S.C. 2(a)(1)(A)), in the 1st sentence, by inserting ``subparagraphs (F) and (G) of subsection (c)(2) of this section or'' before ``section 19''. SEC. 402. REQUIRING FUTURES COMMISSION MERCHANTS TO USE QUALIFIED DIGITAL ASSET CUSTODIANS. Section 4d of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 6d) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)(2)-- (A) in the 1st proviso, by striking ``any bank or trust company'' and inserting ``any bank,…

Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology (President's Working Group on Digital Asset Markets report under EO 14178), 166 pp. (Part 1 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2025-07-28

White House. 2025-07 (PDF created 2025-07-28). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: STRENGTHENING AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN DIGITAL FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY Contents I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4 II. The Digital Asset Ecosystem................................................................................................................ 14 Market Size and Trends.......................................................................................................................…

Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology (President's Working Group on Digital Asset Markets report under EO 14178), 166 pp. (Part 2 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2025-07-28

White House. 2025-07 (PDF created 2025-07-28). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: and cleared in accordance with the CEA or entered into by non-retail market participants on a bilateral basis. DCMs and SEFs are required to comply with core principles under Sections 5 and 5h of the CEA,178 including CFTC rules related to market integrity, fair access, position limits, pre- and post-trade transparency, and system safeguards. Once executed on a DCM or (or voluntarily on a SEF), digital asset derivatives are cleared by a registered derivatives clearing organization (DCO), which acts a central counterparty to every buyer and seller. DCOs mitigate counterparty credit risk by gua…

Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology (President's Working Group on Digital Asset Markets report under EO 14178), 166 pp. (Part 3 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2025-07-28

White House. 2025-07 (PDF created 2025-07-28). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: license. The District of Columbia,339 Puerto Rico,340 and all states but Montana341 have money transmitter licensing frameworks, though various states exempt stablecoin issuers (or persons otherwise engaged exclusively in digital asset activities) from their licensing requirements.342 Accordingly, a nonbank stablecoin issuer generally must obtain numerous licenses to operate nationwide. While states have made efforts to coordinate exams and harmonize some standards, there are significant differences in these frameworks and often overlapping supervision. Further, the lack of clarity regarding t…

Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology (President's Working Group on Digital Asset Markets report under EO 14178), 166 pp. (Part 4 of 4)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2025-07-28

White House. 2025-07 (PDF created 2025-07-28). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: (iii) questions about the precise moment a taxpayer has dominion and control over a new asset given differences in how digital asset exchanges operate. Moreover, in the fact patterns described above, taxpayers often have a limited ability to influence when a new asset or the right to obtain a new asset appears. Priority Guidance Treasury and the IRS should issue administrative guidance that addresses de minimis receipts of digital assets.488 The guidance could apply to airdrops, staking, hard forks, and mining rewards for taxpayers who do not operate a node or carry out digital as…

H.R. 3633, Reported in Senate with an amendment in the nature of a substitute (Calendar No. 423) (Part 1 of 5)

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Congress (GPO). 2026-06-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: [Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 3633 Reported in Senate (RS)] <DOC> Calendar No. 423 119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 3633 _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES September 18 (legislative day, September 16), 2025 Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs…

H.R. 3633, Reported in Senate with an amendment in the nature of a substitute (Calendar No. 423) (Part 2 of 5)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-06-01

Congress (GPO). 2026-06-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: security.''.</DELETED> <DELETED> (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section, section 202, or the amendments made by such sections may be construed to limit the existing authority described in section 18(c)(1) of the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77r(c)(1)) of a securities commission (or any agency or office performing like functions) of any State with respect to a covered security or any security.</DELETED> <DELETED>SEC. 309. EXCLUSION FOR DECENTRALIZED FINANCE ACTIVITIES.</DELETED> <DELETED> The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is amend…

H.R. 3633, Reported in Senate with an amendment in the nature of a substitute (Calendar No. 423) (Part 3 of 5)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-06-01

Congress (GPO). 2026-06-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: (A) the Committees on Financial Services and Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and</DELETED> <DELETED> (B) the Committees on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.</DELETED> <DELETED>SEC. 512. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.</DELETED> <DELETED> The GENIUS Act is amended--</DELETED> <DELETED> (1) in section 2, by amending paragraph (7) to read as follows:</DELETED> <DELETED> ``(7) Digital asset service provider.--The term…

H.R. 3633, Reported in Senate with an amendment in the nature of a substitute (Calendar No. 423) (Part 4 of 5)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-06-01

Congress (GPO). 2026-06-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: involving a security that is issued, recorded, or transferred using distributed ledger technology, to the extent that the provision is outdated, unnecessary, or unduly burdensome in light of the unique technological characteristics of digital assets or substantially similar technology, which may include regulatory provisions governing-- (A) customer protection, including custody of digital assets or substantially similar technology; (B) transfer agent rules; (C) books and records…

H.R. 3633, Reported in Senate with an amendment in the nature of a substitute (Calendar No. 423) (Part 5 of 5)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-06-01

Congress (GPO). 2026-06-01. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: elements, if any, that those agencies could publish or adopt to support the interoperability described in subparagraph (C) in order to ensure consistency and regulatory access; (2) recommends pilot programs, guidance, rule changes, or amendments to statutes that would be needed to implement effective automated regulatory compliance approaches and any other related approaches addressed in the study; (3) identifies the costs and benefits to issuers of different sizes, secondary market intermed…

Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer Customer Identification Program (NPRM), 91 FR 37234, FR Doc 2026-12460 (Part 1 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-06-22

FinCEN, OCC, Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA. 2026-06-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register, Volume 91 Issue 118 (Monday, June 22, 2026) [Federal Register Volume 91, Number 118 (Monday, June 22, 2026)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 37234-37272] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 2026-12460] [[Page 37233]] Vol. 91 Monday, No. 118 June 22, 2026 Part II Department of the Treasury ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 CFR Part 1033 Permitted Payment Stablecoin…

Permitted Payment Stablecoin Issuer Customer Identification Program (NPRM), 91 FR 37234, FR Doc 2026-12460 (Part 2 of 2)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-06-22

FinCEN, OCC, Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA. 2026-06-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: designed to ensure that a customer is able to view the notice, or is otherwise given notice, before opening an account. For example, if an account is opened electronically, such as through an internet website, the issuer may provide notice electronically. Because the notice is a standardized disclosure included with all applications, FinCEN does not anticipate a per-customer burden, but rather a one-time upfront cost to add the notice to application materials. FinCEN also allows for an average one-hour ongoing annual burden to review and update the notice if necessary. Because proposed Sec. 10…

Senate Roll Call Vote 119th Congress, 2nd Session, Vote 234: cloture on the motion to proceed to H.R. 3633 (rejected 49-50)

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U.S. Senate. 2026-09-15. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 119th Congress - 2nd Session Select your state Find Your Senators Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine…

FinCEN Announces Withdrawals of Proposed Digital Asset Related Rules

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-10-05

FinCEN. 2026-10-05. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN Announces Withdrawals of Proposed Digital Asset Related Rules | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted secu…

Same title; Withdrawal of finding and NPRM, 91 FR 63513, FR Doc 2026-20429

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen Wallet Rule · snapshot 2026-10-06

Treasury / FinCEN. 2026-10-06 (filed 2026-10-05). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Federal Register, Volume 91 Issue 192 (Tuesday, October 6, 2026) [Federal Register Volume 91, Number 192 (Tuesday, October 6, 2026)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 63513-63514] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 2026-20429] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Financial Crimes Enforcement Network 31 CFR Part 1010 RIN 1506-AB47 Proposal of Special Measure Regarding Convertible Virtual Currency Mixing, a…