Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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1030 documents

Press release: FinCEN Assesses $3.5 Million Penalty Against Paxful

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2025-12-09

FinCEN. 2025-12-09. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN Assesses $3.5 Million Penalty Against Paxful for Facilitating Suspicious Activity Involving Illicit Actors | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information…

Press release: Treasury Proposes Rule to Implement the GENIUS Act's Requirements to Counter Illicit Finance

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-04-08

FinCEN/Treasury. 2026-04-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Treasury Proposes Rule to Implement the GENIUS Act’s Requirements to Counter Illicit Finance | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encryp…

Press release: FinCEN, Agencies Propose Rule to Implement GENIUS Act CIP Requirement

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-18

FinCEN. 2026-06-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN, Agencies Propose Rule to Implement GENIUS Act Customer Identification Program Requirement | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is e…

Press release: FinCEN Proposes to Sever H-Pay Service PLC and Other Huione Group Successor Entities

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-06-23

FinCEN. 2026-06-23. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN Proposes to Sever H-Pay Service PLC and Other Huione Group Successor Entities from the U.S. Financial System | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any informatio…

Press release: FinCEN Extends Comment Period for Proposed Rule To Amend the Definition of Huione Group

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-07-22

FinCEN. 2026-07-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN Extends Comment Period for Proposed Rule To Amend the Definition of Huione Group | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted a…

Press release: FinCEN Identifies Nearly $13 Billion Linked to Suspected Digital Asset Scams Operated by Overseas Scam Centers

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2026-09-03

FinCEN. 2026-09-03. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: FinCEN Identifies Nearly $13 Billion Linked to Suspected Digital Asset Scams Operated by Overseas Scam Centers | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you…

IRS Notice 2014-21: tax treatment of virtual currency (property)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2014-03-25

Internal Revenue Service. 2014-03-25 (issued). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 1 Notice 2014-21 SECTION 1. PURPOSE This notice describes how existing general tax principles apply to transactions using virtual currency. The notice provides this guidance in the form of answers to frequently asked questions. SECTION 2. BACKGROUND The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is aware that “virtual currency” may be used to pay for goods or services, or held for investment. Virtual currency is a digital representation of value that functions as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value. In some environments, it operates like “real” currency -- i.e., the coin…

CFTC: In re Coinflip, Inc., CFTC Docket No. 15-29 (bitcoin is a commodity)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2015-09-17

Commodity Futures Trading Commission. 2015-09-17. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Before the COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION RECEIVED CFTC ) In the Matter of: ) ) Office of Proceedings Coinflip, Inc., d/b/a Derivabit, and ) Proceedings Cler…

OFAC: Sanctions Compliance Guidance for the Virtual Currency Industry

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2021-10

Office of Foreign Assets Control. 2021-10 (PDF dated Oct 13-15, 2021). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................1 Sanctions Compliance Best Practices for the What Is OFAC?.........................................................................2 Virtual Currency Industry.........................................................10 What Are OFAC Sanctions?. .....................................................3 Management Commitment.................................................11 The SDN List.......................................................................4 Risk Assessme…

IRS Announcement 2024-4: transitional guidance on section 6050I (Form 8300) reporting of digital assets

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2024-01-16

Internal Revenue Service. 2024-01-16 (issued). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Transitional guidance under section 6050I with respect to the reporting of information on the receipt of digital assets Announcement 2024-4 Section 80603(b)(3) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. No. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429, 1339 (2021) (Infrastructure Act) amended section 6050I of the Internal Revenue Code 1 to add digital assets to the list of assets included in the definition of cash in section 6050I(d). This announcement provides transitional guidance under section 6050I with respect to reporting transactions involving receipt of digital assets and clarifies…

Prepared remarks of FinCEN Director Kenneth A. Blanco, 2018 Chicago-Kent Block (Legal) Tech Conference

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2018-08-09

FinCEN. 2018-08-09. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Prepared Remarks of FinCEN Director Kenneth A. Blanco, delivered at the 2018 Chicago-Kent Block (Legal) Tech Conference | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any inform…

Prepared remarks of FinCEN Director Kenneth A. Blanco at Chainalysis Blockchain Symposium

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2019-11-15

FinCEN. 2019-11-15. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Prepared Remarks of FinCEN Director Kenneth A. Blanco at Chainalysis Blockchain Symposium | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted…

Prepared remarks of FinCEN Director Kenneth A. Blanco, Consensus Blockchain Conference

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2020-05-13

FinCEN. 2020-05-13. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Prepared Remarks of FinCEN Director Kenneth A. Blanco, delivered at the Consensus Blockchain Conference | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provid…

Prepared remarks of Alessio Evangelista (FinCEN Enforcement) at Chainalysis Links

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Fincen · snapshot 2022-05-19

FinCEN. 2022-05-19. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Prepared Remarks of Alessio Evangelista, Associate Director, Enforcement and Compliance Division, During Chainalysis Links Conference | FinCEN.gov Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and t…

Android Security Vulnerability (alert)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Hacks · snapshot 2013-08-11

Bitcoin.org. 2013-08-11 (last updated 2013-08-13). Full text. Licence: Bitcoin.org content is published from the bitcoin-dot-org repository under the MIT licence. The licence of this specific page was not separately confirmed.. Excerpt: # Android Security Vulnerability (bitcoin.org alert) - Issuer: Bitcoin.org - Date: 2013-08-11 (notice last updated 2013-08-13) - URL: https://bitcoin.org/en/alert/2013-08-11-android - Retrieved: 2026-10-09 - Status: Bitcoin.org site content, published from the bitcoin-dot-org GitHub repository under the MIT licence (licence of this specific page not separately confirmed). Full alert text below; site navigation removed. --- # Android Security Vulnerability 11 August 2013 ## What happened We recently learned that a component of Android responsible for generating secure random numbers conta…

QuadrigaCX: A Review by Staff of the Ontario Securities Commission

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Hacks · snapshot 2020-06

Staff of the Ontario Securities Commission. 2020-06 (report published June 2020; exact day not stated in the PDF). Citation only: the text is not republished here (Ontario Securities Commission: not public domain). Original: https://www.osc.ca/quadrigacxreport/web/files/QuadrigaCX-A-Review-by-Staff-of-the-Ontario-Securities-Commission.pdf

Criminals Increasing SIM Swap Schemes to Steal Millions of Dollars from US Public (Alert I-020822-PSA)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Hacks · snapshot 2022-02-08

FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). 2022-02-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: # Criminals Increasing SIM Swap Schemes to Steal Millions of Dollars from US Public (Alert I-020822-PSA) - Issuer: FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) - Date: 2022-02-08 - URL: https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2022/PSA220208 - Retrieved: 2026-10-09 - Status: US federal government work (public domain). Full text below, extracted from the HTML page; navigation and boilerplate removed. --- The Federal Bureau of Investigation is issuing this announcement to inform mobile carriers and the public of the increasing use of Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) swapping by criminals to steal money from fiat…

Cyber Criminals Create Fraudulent Cryptocurrency Investment Applications to Defraud US Investors (PIN 20220718-001, TLP:WHITE)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · Hacks · snapshot 2022-07-18

FBI (coordinated with DHS/CISA). 2022-07-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: TLP:WHITE 18 July 2022 The following information is being provided by the FBI, with no guarantees or warranties, for potential use at the sole discretion of recipients to protect against cyber threats. This data is provided to help cyber security professionals and system administrators guard against the persistent malicious actions PIN Number of cyber actors. This PIN was coordinated with DHS/CISA. This PIN has been released TLP:WHITE 20220718-001 Please contact the FBI with any questions related to this Private Industry…