Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 1991-03-08
Stuart A. Haber, Wakefield S. Stornetta, Jr.; orig. Bell Communications Research Inc; now Iconectiv LLC. filed 1991-03-08; granted 1992-08-04. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: USOO5136646A United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,136,646 Haber et al. 45) Date of Patent: Aug. 4, 1992 54 DIGITAL DOCUMENT TIME-STAMPING Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Leonard Charles Suchyta; WITH CAT ENATE CERT FICATE Lionel N. White 75) Inventors: Stuart A. Haber, New York, N.Y.; 57. ABSTRACT…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 1990-08-02
Stuart A. Haber, Wakefield S. Stornetta, Jr.; orig. Bell Communications Research Inc; now Iconectiv LLC. filed 1990-08-02; granted 1992-08-04. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: |||||||||||||| US005.136647A United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,136,647 Haber et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 4, 1992 (54) METHOD FOR SECURE TIME-STAMPING Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Leonard Charles. Suchyta; OF DIGITAL DOCUMENTS Lionel N. White (75) Inventors: Stuart A. Haber, New York, N.Y.; (57)…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2001-03-05
Glenn M. Lilly; orig. National Security Agency; now ATTN PATENT COUNSEL OGC. filed 2001-03-05; granted 2004-12-07. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: USOO6829355B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,829,355 B2 Lilly (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 7, 2004 (54) DEVICE FOR AND METHOD OF ONE-WAY 6,141,421 A * 10/2000 Takaragi et al. .............. 380/30 CRYPTOGRAPHC HASHING 6,307.938 B1 * 10/2001 Matyas et al. ................ 380/44…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2002-01-29
Robert J. Lambert; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd. filed 2002-01-29; granted 2008-05-13. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: USOO7372960B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,372,960 B2 Lambert (45) Date of Patent: May 13, 2008 (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR 6,199,086 B1* 3/2001 Dworkin et al. ............ TO8/492 PERFORMING FINITE FIELD 6,230,179 B1* 5/2001 Dworkin et…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2001-12-26
Scott A. Vanstone, Ashok Vadekar, Robert J. Lambert, Robert P. Gallant et al.; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd. filed 2001-12-26; granted 2008-05-13. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: USOO7372961 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,372,961 B2 Vanstone et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 13, 2008 (54) METHOD OF PUBLIC KEY GENERATION See application file for complete search history. (75) Inventors: Scott A. Vanstone, Campbellville (CA); (56) References Cited Ashok Vadekar, Rockwood (CA); U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Robert…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2008-04-11
Robert J. Lambert; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd. filed 2008-04-11; granted 2014-03-04. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: USOO8666.062B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,666,062 B2 Lambert (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 4, 2014 (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR (56) References Cited PERFORMING FINITE FIELD CALCULATIONS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2012-09-14
Marinus Struik, Daniel R. Brown, Scott A. Vanstone, Robert P. Gallant et al.; orig. Certicom Corp; now Malikie Innovations Ltd. filed 2012-09-14; granted 2014-07-22. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: US008788827B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,788,827 B2 Struik et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jul. 22, 2014 (54) ACCELERATED VERIFICATION OF DIGITAL USPC ............................................. 713/171; 380/30 SIGNATURES AND PUBLIC KEYS (58) Field of Classification Search…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2015-05-19
Andrew E. Alness, James Bradley Hudon; orig. Coinbase Inc. filed 2015-05-19; granted 2017-08-15. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: US009735958B2 (12) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No.: US 9 ,735 , 958 B2 Alness et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Aug. 15 , 2017 (54 ) KEY CEREMONY OF A SECURITY SYSTEM (56 ) References Cited FORMING PART OF A HOST COMPUTER FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC TRANSACTIONS…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2015-12-21
David J. King; orig. Mastercard International Inc. filed 2015-12-21; granted 2018-04-17. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: THAT INA MICAN BE UNITHA TALAH MANITOUR US009948467B2 (12) King United States Patent ( 10) Patent No.: US 9,948,467 B2 (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 17 , 2018 (54 ) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR BLOCKCHAIN VARIANT USING DIGITAL SIGNATURES…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2017-05-16
Giuseppe Ateniese, Michael T. Chiaramonte, David Treat, Bernardo Magri et al.; orig. Accenture Global Solutions Ltd. filed 2017-05-16; granted 2018-05-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: THAI MULT ATTMATULUNULMANIMAI US009967088B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9 ,967,088 B2 Ateniese et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 8 , 2018 (54) REWRITABLE BLOCKCHAIN (58 ) Field of Classification Search ( 71) Applicants :Accenture Global Solutions Limited ,…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Patents
· snapshot 2017-05-16
Giuseppe Ateniese, Michael T. Chiaramonte, David Treat, Bernardo Magri et al.; orig. Accenture Global Solutions Ltd. filed 2017-05-16; granted 2018-05-08. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: quickly 50 non -tamper- evident rewrites to the core part 1002 when N without coordination among multiple parties. portions of the key secret are combined (where N > M ). Further, in some schemes , some trusted entities may be In an example scenario , the hybrid blockchain could be authorized to make edits without scars , while other trusted used to construct a ledger with fully immutable transaction parties may leave scars when making edits . For example , in data that is paired with transaction description/comment data a multiple rewritable chain sch…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Payment Processors
· snapshot 2021-02-18
US Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control. 2021-02-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY WASHINGTON, D.C. Enforcement Release: February 18, 2021 OFAC Enters Into $507,375 Settlement with BitPay, Inc. for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs Related to Digital Currency Transactions BitPay, Inc. (“BitPay”), a private company based in Atlanta, Georgia, that offers a payment processing solution for merchants to accept digital currency as payment for goods and services, has agreed to remit $507,375 to settle its potential civil liability for 2,102 apparent violations of multiple s…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Payment Processors
· snapshot 2021-02-18
OFAC. 2021-02-18. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Settlement Agreement between the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and BitPay, Inc. | Office of Foreign Assets Control Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official webs…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Payment Processors
· snapshot 2025-01-16
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. 2025-01-16. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: CFPB Orders Operator of Cash App to Pay $175 Million and Fix Its Failures on Fraud | Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Skip to main content An official website of the United States government (855) 411-2372 Submit a Complaint Search Search Close Search Open the main menu Close the main menu Submit a Complaint Consumer Education Back Resources for Yourself Consumer Advisories Money Topics…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Payment Processors
· snapshot 2025-01-21
Kansas Office of the State Bank Commissioner. 2025-01-21. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Kansas Joins $80 Million Enforcement Action Against Block, Inc., Cash App for BSA/AML Violations – Kansas Office of the State Bank Commissioner Skip to content Menu AboutInfo & News About Us History Staff & Banking Board Employment Opportunities Contact Us ConsumersAssistance & Info Consumer Assistance File a Complaint Company Lookup FAQs Resources & Tools Open Records Requests Consumer Education OSBC Sponsored Consumer Education Financial Education Grants MyMoney.gov Scholarship Contest 2026 Kansas Financial Scholars Essay Contest Previous Sc…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Payment Processors
· snapshot 2025-04-10
New York State Department of Financial Services. 2025-04-10. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES ONE STATE STREET NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10004 ------------------------------------------------------x In the Matter of : BLOCK, Inc. BLOCK OF DELAWARE: : ------------------------------------------------------x CONSENT ORDER The New York State Department of Financial Services (the “Department” or “DFS”) and B…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Payment Processors
· snapshot 2026-10-09
FINTRAC (Canada). page read 2026-10-09. Citation only: the text is not republished here (FINTRAC: Canadian Crown copyright). Original: https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/pen/4-eng
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Payment Processors
· snapshot 2026-10-09
Saved copies for market/2026-10-09-payment-processors.md . Everything was retrieved on 2026-10-09 .
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Primary
· snapshot 2008-10-31
Satoshi Nakamoto. 2008-10-31 18:10:00. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper Satoshi Nakamoto satoshi at vistomail.com Fri Oct 31 14:10:00 EDT 2008 Previous message: Fw: SHA-3 lounge Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party. The paper is available at: http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf The main properties: Double-spending is prevented with a peer-to-peer network. No mint or other trusted parties. Participants can be a…
Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)
· Primary
· snapshot 2008-11-03
Satoshi Nakamoto. 2008-11-03 01:37:43. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain).
Excerpt: Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper Satoshi Nakamoto satoshi at vistomail.com Sun Nov 2 20:37:43 EST 2008 Previous message: Secrets and cell phones. Next message: Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] >Satoshi Nakamoto wrote: >> I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully >> peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party. >> >> The paper is available at: >> http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf > >We very, very much need such a system, but the w…