Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026)

A research archive on Bitcoin compiled in October 2026: US federal and state law (FinCEN's virtual-currency record from 1999, the 2020 unhosted-wallet rule and its 2026 withdrawal, notes on all 50 states and DC), KYC/AML for buying and selling, banking, exchanges, wallets, payment processors, hacks and their causes, patents, the 2007–2011 origins, and the evidence on who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Every note dates and cites its claims and labels anything unverified, contested or fringe. Government, court and patent records are kept here in full; other sources are cited with a link to the original. Filter by case to pick a topic, such as fincen, states or notes. Download it all as a dataset. Research, not advice. These notes explain what happened and why; they are not recommendations to buy or sell. Statuses of bills and rules are as checked on the date each note gives.

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1030 documents

ORS chapter 717 — Money Transmission (2025 edition)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Or

Oregon Legislature (Legislative Counsel). Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Oregon Revised Statutes Oregon Revised Statutes Chapter 717 � Money Transmission 2025 EDITION MONEY TRANSMISSION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 717.200���� Definitions 717.205���� License required to conduct money transmission business; relationship to banking; licensing program 717.210���� Exemptions; waiver; rules 717.215���� Requirements for licensees; net worth; permissible investments 717.220���� License application; rules 717.225���� Security devices 717.230���� Application fee 717.235���� License issuance; grounds for disapproval of application;…

Sources: Pennsylvania (PA)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in Pennsylvania, saved for legislation/us-state-pa.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

Law information page — Act 7 of 2025 (SB 202)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2025

Pennsylvania General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Act No. 7 of 2025 - The Official Website of the Pennsylvania General Assembly Pennsylvania General Assembly General Assembly Senate Senate Home Members of the Senate Senate Leadership Co-Sponsorship Memos Committees Senate Session Find My Senator Right To Know (RTKL) House House Home Members of the House House Leadership Co-Sponsorship Memos Committees House Session Find My Representative Right To Know (RTKL) Session Senate Session House Session Legislation Legislation Home House Co-Sponsorship Memos Senate Co-Sponsorship Memos Bills Amendments Statutes Noti…

"Pennsylvania Money Transmitter Act Amendments" — DoBS letter on Act 7 of 2025 and rescission of the Virtual Currency Statement of Policy

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2025-08-12

Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Pennsylvania Money Transmitter Act Amendments Act 7 was signed into law on June 27, 2025 and amends the Money Transmission Business Licensing Law, also known as the Money Transmitter Act (“MTA”) or Act 249. Act 7 makes several amendments to the MTA and should be reviewed thoroughly. A substantial amendment is found in Section 2(a)(2) which states: Section 2. License Required.— (a) No person shall: (2) Engage in the business of transmitting virtual currency by means of a transmittal instrument for a fee or other consideration with or on behalf of an individual without first ha…

Press release: DoBS to begin regulating virtual currency transmitters thanks to new bipartisan law (Act 7 of 2025)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Pa · snapshot 2025-06-28

Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: DoBS Regulating Virtual Currency Transmitters Thanks to New Bipartisan Law | Department of Banking and Securities | Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Skip to agency navigation Skip to main content Official website Official website of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Translate Services Agency Directory Your Government The Governor Lt. Governor Legislation…

Sources: Rhode Island (RI)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in Rhode Island, saved for legislation/us-state-ri.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14-1 — definitions (currency transmission includes control of virtual currency)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Title 19 Financial Institutions Chapter 14 Licensed Activities R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14-1 § 19-14-1. Definitions. Unless otherwise specified, the following terms shall have the following meanings throughout chapters 14, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.6, 14.8, 14.10, and 14.11 of this title: (1) “Bona fide employee” shall mean an employee of a licensee who works under the oversight and supervision of the licensee. (2) “Check” means any check, draft, money order, personal money order, or other instrument for the transmission or payment…

R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.10 — kiosk disclosures

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Title 19 Financial Institutions Chapter 14.3 Currency Transmissions R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.10 § 19-14.3-3.10. Disclosures. A virtual currency kiosk operator shall disclose in a clear, conspicuous, and easily readable manner in a chosen language made available to and preferred by the customer, all relevant terms and conditions generally associated with the products, services, and activities of the virtual currency kiosk operator and virtual currency. (1) The virtual currency kiosk operator shall provide an acknowledgement of receipt of…

R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.11 — prevention of fraudulent activity; refunds

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Title 19 Financial Institutions Chapter 14.3 Currency Transmissions R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.11 § 19-14.3-3.11. Prevention of fraudulent activity. All virtual currency kiosk operators shall use blockchain analytics software to assist in the prevention of sending purchased virtual currency from a virtual currency kiosk operator to a virtual currency wallet known to be affiliated with fraudulent activity at the time of a transaction. The department of business regulation may request evidence from a virtual currency kiosk operator…

R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.12 — daily transaction limits for kiosk customers

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Title 19 Financial Institutions Chapter 14.3 Currency Transmissions R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.12 § 19-14.3-3.12. Daily transaction limit for new and existing customers. (a) For new customers a virtual currency kiosk operator shall not accept transactions of more than two thousand U.S. dollars ($2,000) a day of cash or the equivalent. (b) For existing customers, a virtual currency kiosk operator shall not accept transactions of more than five thousand U.S. dollars ($5,000) a day of cash or the equivalent. (c) The limits imposed by this section apply to…

R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.5 — required disclosures for virtual currency

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Title 19 Financial Institutions Chapter 14.3 Currency Transmissions R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.5 § 19-14.3-3.5. Required disclosures for virtual currency. (a) A licensee engaging in virtual currency business activities shall provide to a resident who uses the licensee’s virtual currency products or service the disclosures required by subsection (b) of this section and any additional disclosure the department by rule determines reasonably necessary for the protection of residents. The department may determine by rule any additional…

R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.6 — property interests and entitlements to virtual currency

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Title 19 Financial Institutions Chapter 14.3 Currency Transmissions R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.6 § 19-14.3-3.6. Property interests and entitlements to virtual currency. (a) A licensee that has control of virtual currency for one or more persons shall maintain in its control an amount of each type of virtual currency sufficient to satisfy the aggregate entitlements of the persons to the type of virtual currency. (b) If a licensee violates subsection (a), the property interests of the persons in the virtual currency are pro rata property inter…

R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.9 — virtual currency kiosk operator licensing and kiosk registration

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Title 19 Financial Institutions Chapter 14.3 Currency Transmissions R.I. Gen. Laws § 19-14.3-3.9 § 19-14.3-3.9. Virtual currency kiosk operator licensing and kiosk registration. (a) A virtual currency kiosk operator shall not engage in virtual currency business activity or hold itself out as being able to engage in virtual currency business activity with or on behalf of another person unless the virtual currency kiosk operator is licensed in the state as a money transmitter. (b) A virtual currency kiosk operator shall not locate, or allow a…

R.I. Gen. Laws chapter 19-14.3 — Currency Transmissions (index)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Ri

Rhode Island General Assembly. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Chapter 14.3 Currency Transmissions Index of Sections § 19-14.3-1. Exemption from licensing. § 19-14.3-1.1. Definitions. § 19-14.3-1.2. License by reciprocity. § 19-14.3-1.3. Cooperation and data-sharing authority. § 19-14.3-2. [Repealed.] § 19-14.3-2.1. Maintenance of permissible investments. § 19-14.3-2.2. Permissible investments. § 19-14.3-3. Liability of licensees. § 19-14.3-3.1. Record of foreign exchange transactions. § 19-14.3-3.2. Forwarding of documents to foreign correspondent — Receipt for money or documents. § 19-14.3-3.3. Action on bond. § 19-14.3-3.4. Companies exemp…

Sources: South Carolina (SC)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Sc · snapshot 2026-10-09

Full copies of government documents (statutes, enrolled bills, regulator guidance, regulator press releases) and court records about Bitcoin and virtual-currency law in South Carolina, saved for legislation/us-state-sc.md . All files were retrieved on 2026-10-09 by the N–Z state-law research pass. No copyrighted news articles are stored here — those are summarized with links in the legislation note.

H 5068 (2023–2024) bill page — Uniform Money Services Act

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Sc · snapshot 2024

South Carolina Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 2023-2024 Bill 5068: Uniform Money Services Act - South Carolina Legislature Online South Carolina General Assembly 125th Session, 2023-2024 Download This Bill in Microsoft Word Format Indicates Matter Stricken Indicates New Matter H. 5068 STATUS INFORMATION General Bill Sponsors: Rep. Sandifer Companion/Similar bill(s): 1031 Document Path: LC-0486SA24.docx Introduced in the House on February 8, 2024 Labor, Commerce and IndustrySummary: Uniform Money Services Act HISTORY OF LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS Date Body Action Description with journal page number 2/8/2024 House Int…

S 163 (2025–2026) bill page with ratified text — Act No. 208 of 2026 (Cryptocurrency, S.C. Code ch. 34-47)

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Sc · snapshot 2026

South Carolina Legislature. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: 2025-2026 Bill 163: Cryptocurrency South Carolina General Assembly 126th Session, 2025-2026 Download This Bill in Microsoft Word format A208, R131, S163 STATUS INFORMATION General Bill Sponsors: Senators Verdin and Leber Document Path: SR-0190KM25.docx Introduced in the Senate on January 14, 2025 Introduced in the House on May 6, 2025 Last Amended on April 29, 2025 Currently residing in the House Governor's Action: May 19, 2026, Signed Summary: Cryptocurrency HISTORY OF LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS Date Body Action Description with journal page number 1/14/2025…

Money Services FAQs

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Sc

South Carolina Attorney General. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: Money Services FAQs - South Carolina Attorney General Call Us Toggle Navbar Search Search SCAG.gov Search About the Office Toggle Sub-Menu Our Responsibilities Meet the Attorney General Careers Transparency Contact U…

Order Number MSD-19003 — Virtual Currency and Automated Machines

Bitcoin Research — Law, Regulation, Markets & Origins (2026) · States / Sc

South Carolina Attorney General, Money Services Division. Full text. Licence: US government or court record / US patent (public domain). Excerpt: •s. ol o. A, A & O I * mm * C-jr-, T T V…