Document text
~ ALL II-IFIIIRIDITIKIII-I IIIIII-1I'AII*ED
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription Q 1 1 2 5 4 2 Q O 4
n January 23, 2004, Idate of birth b6I I Social Security AccountégumberI I*was b7cinterviewed atI I place of employmi t, iii Y
MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE" OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES D!, Fort
Detrick, Frederick Mar land work telephoneS ecial Agent[::;;i:::f:;:::]and Postal Inspector[fi::::::]. After eing a vised of the identities of hinvestigators and the purpose of the interview,[::::f:jprovided the
following information:
Inearned iI I I b6
b,de ree from OLLEGE in e
inI I majore
| |. At J I_parc1'_Qa_1;_ed ml
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' I worked as aI I in theI ID'v' ' completed Q . | '~n~-e I
:t::::::::::i::::]has held that position to date:
Iwwsmw O1/23/2004 at Frederick, Maryland ~ b7C
Isms , 921~.92¢.b _
Fil¢# 279AWF222936USAl/IRIID, 279ABAC 392 D1°di°*1921ed
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This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to he distributed outside your agency.
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A letter and a sample arrived from Ames, Iowa, in
response to canvass for B.a. isolates. The sample was not
cat ued with a name, thus] Ilabeled it Ames
1feCall¬d that The s a s.J_a.n;r I
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worked with B.a.
co abor ' NS,
During the estimated that[:]1nade sporepreparations a total ofi itimes. Fifty milliliter suspensions
of spores were gen nd used in lethal dose LDW! and vaccinechallenge studies[iiiEff:jgenerated B.a. spore preparations foreach isolate used in the vaccine challenge project. Spores were
grown on Sheep's Blood Agar SBA! plates, harvested non vaccine challenge bgstudies. All of the collaborative work involving virulgn;_grgani5mT b;c
were conducted]
Iwater. Phenol was added to the §QQL§_£QI_§IQIagp
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[::::::]recalled tha also generated B.a. soores in the[:::::]for a project aimed at I
[:::::::]provided the following description of[::::Lculturing technique: A small amount of original starting ma erial
I Iconducted research with v
isamples were stored in the walkinC
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worked in theot suited| I IVINS stepped in and assisted wit Iresearchprojects; IVINS hel ' ' '
virulent organisms.
I
did not recall ever requesting samples heinventoried or destroyed. IY%NS| Iwou know if anv ofl[:::]spore preparations remained
[::::::::]indicated t must have shared B.a. with other bgUSAMRIID scientists; how ' ' 'c b§c
- incidents or individuals
it was not
unusual for s r ins to be shared among USAMRIID research NSmmi[::::::::f:Tboth worked with the Ames strain of B.a.Tfi::2%fdid
not recall ever sending Ames outside of USAMRIID, eitherdomesticallv or interngtigngllyl Fl
had no
recollection of foreign shipments of B.a.
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[The USAMRIID Form 1lR shown to[::::::]was placed in a 1A envelopeand submitted to the file.]
[:::::]<did not know why w nted the materials.[::]was not aware of the specifics of work did not
, contact directl to reques e ma erials.. first met
while was visitin USAMRIID. did not 9recall when this initial meeting occurred. saw several
times over the years at scientific conferenc aracterizedtheir interactions as ' requent.| Isawi iapproximatelyQ at al conference. Theast time they talked,| lwas woring with
did not recall sending B.a. to anyreiterated that[:]1did not send Ames to
did not recall receiving requests for Ames fromother countries or foreign scientists.
E:::::]provided the following information regarding
USAMRIID scientists. PERRY MIKESELL conducted genetic studies of
the B.a. plasmids. He com ared th p e QNA extracted_£rQm_Lhe_neli§1ofdifferent B.a. isolates. I
92 lmay have conducted studies531%.
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and was no w re of anyone at USAMRIID who lyophilized virulentspores. E;:;;:jwas taken back when[:] first learned that DUGWAY
PROVING DPG! was making dry B.a. materials. It was[:::::::] understanding that the dry material was used to develop
detection systems and to enhance defense preparedness against a
biological weapon BW! attack. The dry material generated by DPG
was very different from the wet aerosols produced at USAMRIID.
did not host foreign scientists or visitors at
USAMRIID did not inyiie Fore' Natio USAMRIID-E:]worked with| lgTin the could notrecall the name of the individual but sta e at was fromIf and studied i|
recalled seeing a case of small, plastic freezer
box in S 't Pl t' t ' 'th t ' ~' es ui e as lC con ainers Wl rec ang
were used in a cold suite, to sjgpg vials
n ldid not recall the use of large, plastic containers by
|researchers.[::]did not pay much attention to
storage containers.b6
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, was located in New92iersey, but had never visitedb6
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1045| |did not.recall ever meetin
did not know of_ QJ Lana
never had any distusslons and they did not associate.[::::::]______l
observed an individual, dressed in all black, usi hotocopymachine at the front of USAMRIID's Building 1425. did not
recall when this observation occurred.| Ithouqht that the
person|:| observed|
was working at hen[::::::]first
arrived. did not attend any of presen 'ons, nor
did.E:]participate in scientific discussions wit | I
has not been involved in oneon-one or group discussions with
lilregarding | |b7C
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I lmav have me b6of the early meetings reviewing] land] b7@
research using| I
[:::::] n uses a plain envelope and affixes a
stamp for mailing has pur ed prefranked envelopes fromthe post office in Frederick, MD.EEiFhas never urchased pre-
franked envelopes from a vending m3ChiDP. ay have pre-franked envelopes in|
[::::::]declined to submit to a voluntary polygraph.[:::::] informed the interviewing Agent and Postal Inspector that[::]
had researched the proper use of the polygraph on the Internet and
concluded that the FBI's use of the polygraph as a general
screening tool was not appropriate.
§ EEE}:::]stated that[:] had no involvement in the anthrax~ mailings. was totally shocked when the attacks occurred.[:::::::] was angry when the FBI's investigation started at USAMRIID.
According to[::::::] the investigation im lied that the researchers
at USAMRIID were not rofessional. ould not identify any4 individual with who[E] has worked tha would consider a
possible perpetrator of the anthrax mail1ngs.[::::::]did not handle
the evidentiary letters or powders.[:]<did not conduct any analyses
using the evidentiary material.
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I _ _ -'.~ , AL L INEl]F'l'[§i.TI|:|IYI II ElIiITAII'IEIi " HFIRFI 5 IHCFIAFETFIFDFD-302 Rev. 106-95! - .-DATE -1.1:-E:II!II!-:$ Bl 60324 ui: b~t=u;:r_sdJ-:;i:=ls
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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Date of transcriptim Q 1 Z2 9 [2 Q Q4
| ldate o ' o ' _ b6
Securitv Numberl |hoe address b7C1 ' Hhomemtelephone numberl JJH . . atemployer work addressV work telephone numbed i was intervieweplace of employment. After beig advised of the identities ofthe interviewing agents and the nature of the interview,[::::]
provided the following information:
I received a| |Deqree in
with minors in] IfromEm -1993. Inl I |
[::::::::::::::::]to the United States Army Medical
Re ' f ' '
on Iwas tirst assigned o work in Ehe| rDlVlSlOn
as a . It shouIH_be noted that
immediate supervisor wasLa FL orked in|the lan was responsible for
the beginning of the interview,[::::::];movided a
copy of Curriculum Vitae CV!. In order to more clearlydescribe ies while wzfkinf in the the following is
an excerpt from CV reqardin duties fro '
While working in the worked in uilding[:::::] ,and s ent most of his time in %_gui;2d Sicalso had aqgggs o several]tl suites includingzl I
1W%%mm"M 1/29/O4 M Frederick, Marvland
V/Em ,Y%b92File? 2'79A ID 2'79ABA~C1Ol392 Date dimated 1 29 O4
SAI by SA
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
4
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immediate supervisorI Ia? Iworked in building[%iij and the hot and coldside of bui ingj I I Iwas responsible for
has used roomI Ithe walk in cooler located on
the floor hot side of buildinq] L I Lgsed roo
b6to I bwcresearc . dvised thatI Iand
ot stored items in roomI I I Istated that ever one a aspecific area within the cooler to s things. [::::::f:hid notknow what everyone else kept in roomiifi.
I Ime sometime in[::::] [;;::::;Jadvised tha and had office space on e co dside ' ' g . worked with I II Ian I I contact withI I
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was limited. n ver saw[%;;5::]in room[£;2:JE::::::]issure [:1 sa in room in building and ma haveseengifilon oor ho ' ' '
thin s at worked wi g _never discussed work with never' social setting. never discusse
personal life, New
Jersey, p ith the government or | |never sat?Eif?f:with a lyophilizer and never discussed
collecting or takin lab equipment from USAMRIID. 'realize that[:%::::%lhid left USAMRIID until much later.
re b b6
137$,
I mem ers that told Iand that
[:::::::]was shown an envelope consistent with the onesused in the anthrax mailings of 2001. advised that[:::has
never seen or used an envelope like the one was shown. ,
[::::::::]has used Styrofoam containers as well as small
plastic containers sli htl la h g r er t an a shoe box to transportitems in the laboratory. Ef:::ji:]has never seen or used a
sterilite type box at USAMRIID.
[:::::::]does not have personal or professional ' sin New Jersey, and has never traveled to New Jersey. I
rking forml? in 2001 and does not re¢a1Octo er 2001. I hdvised th
[:::::::]feels that it would have been easy for someone to
remove a select agent from a hot suite. Someone could shower out
with something, put it through a passbox, dunk it out or put it
through an airlock or UV box.
When asked about whether or not individuals i ybackinto change rooms[:::::::]replied "Oh God yeah." [::::?:?jhas never
seen someone piggyback into a hot suite.
E:::::::]does not specifically know an one who has agrudge against USAMRIID or the Government. [::ii;;]does not know
anyone who tried to or was willing to misuse a se ect agent
[:::::::]does not suspect anyone of being involved with the mailing136
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of Ba in 2001. [:::::::]advised that occasionally people left
because of a Reduction in Force RIF! and stated that one woman
used to picket the front gate of USAMRIID because of an RIF.
[:::::::]was not impressed withl |
felt that they were not safe and eir a s were irty.
recalls seein lates 'ust sitting out in one of
laboratories used by . There were various laboratory
t h ' ' 'ec nicians assigned to but[::::::]was unable to
pinpoint which technicians were s oppy.
described various decontamination procedures used
by in building| lat USAMRIID. | Iadvised that
Ba research is conducted in BSL-2 and BSL3 suites.
|believes that the following investiqators have worked with
Baal BRUCE IVINS,
I ITI Hand}
' |:|d<>@s not know |:lb6b7C
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Attached hereto and considered part of this document is
the CV provided by|:|. .
,
" ALL I LKTIDN CUNTAIHEE
- * 92 HEREI umcLiss1F1En
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95! I I I DATE 12-15-2005 BY SD32-'-L L113 1*;a&1;I_.*dJ~I;"I3l5
-1_N »
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date oftranscription
[O9Z2QO4
I born?' ' Number assigned to bg
as interviewed b
of the FBI. After being advised of the identity of theinterviewing agent and purpose of the interview[::} provided the
following information:i
197C
United States Army Medical Research
Institute of InfectioUSAMRIID from |_|
| I at USAMRIID was as a| |
Investigation on 2 / O2 / 2 O 0 4 at I g b 6
/57 Z107CVWnm# 279A-WF-222936'sUB LEADAND SUB USAMRIIDlmdmmm 2/05/2004
W_J l
This document contains I It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
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| said that[:] didn't work on any projects nor was[::]
aware of any projects involving Bacillus anthracis. b6
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ted j that |:| has never used t
Has never used any type of culture technique, either
single colony or multiple colony techniques.
has no experience, nor ha%E::]ever worked on any
projects involving the drying of Bacillus anthracis.
has never fully characterized a string of anthrax
and has no information about where it would have originated or i[ii:was:jhe Ames strain, or if it came from Bruce Ivins or
When asked if[:::]could identify any persons who had
expertise in weaponization techni ues s ore roduction or
lyophilizing,E:] responded that has been working
at USAMRIID for some time and ha wor e when the
facility developed biological weapons. was further
described as I' lstated thatI Iwould probably know how to weaponize anthrax and how to
ct spore production. When asked aboutlEfiffjcould not say that[:} was aware if| Ihad expertis '
weaponization techni ues s r ' ' "'
had heard that
but had only me once wiEh no significant
contact/conversation during that meeting. [::::]had heard a lot of
talk re arding . People at USAMRIID, in general, liked
though ' and[:] was nice to work with.
stated that possibly had more contact withbecause ' I
When asked if[::]cou1d identify areas of USAMRIID whichhad probtfms:Tith bacterial contamination specifically[:::::::] b6suites! had heard that they had done random testing in b7C
Buildin and allegedly found lose anthrax s ores in the bghallway ut was not sure which hallway.[:::::?Fttempted to pOiDtb7F
L___________-IIIIIII_IIIII__IIIIIIIIIII__--_I---
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out on one of the provided schematics of the buildings where [::]
thought they found the spores. _
When asked idE::::]could identify the areas whene[::]
routinely worked,[:] pointed out places on the building schematics
where[:] generally worked during his time at USAMRIID.
ked ifr__|had ever used the hot areas of b6
Building that] I MCof Buildingifiifj and that had never visited the hotareas. does not know w ere room was and[::]never needed to
go there.
When asked if people piggybacked in and out of hot areas
at USAMRIID,[:::]assumed that the answer would be yes because
people routinely piggy-backed going in and out of most rooms at
USAR . Piggy-backing occurred routinely in areas being workedin. ti figured that if people piggybacked in non hot zone areas[:;]figured they wouldn't change their habits while going in and out 4
o the hot zones.
[::::]was asked how s one could remove select agentsfrom hot areas covertly and id?j could identify anyone who might
have talked about removing select a ents or who might try to removea select a ent out f h t . [?:::::] " g 0 a o area opinion hat[::]felt
that, overall, securit was lackin at USAMRIID y g . had never
visited hot areas andE::]does not remember if anyone talked orjoked about itl éfelt security was a
joke and that a l I taifh was placed in Ehe rustworthiness ofthe employees andti:ffelt that anyone could walk out with anything
if they really wanted to. There were no x-ray devices to screen hfm
ingoing or outgoing people or baggage. Once a person is assigned b°
to USAMRIID they receive a computer controlled access card. The
access cards were not color-coded according to access level.
Often, access cards were lost, borrowed or shared by workers when
they need to go in and out of areas when they didn't have their
card with them. For eXample,E::]heard people offer to lend their
access cards wh y needed to go out to their car or go to asnack machine. Tf:EETbelieved that personnel did not take security
measures very serious at USAMRIID. However, was not aware ofany theft or attempts to steal select agents from the hot areas.
[::::]was not aware of anyone who said they might make a
select agent for use in improper fashion.
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E::::]was not aware of any persons with access or ability
1 to create or handle dangerous biological agents or expressed
hostile attitudes towards any political organizations, the media or
, others.92
When[::]was asked if there were persons[:] believed to be
or suspect possibly associated with the mailings of the anthrax
lettersE:1 could not provide a specific name, but[::]said that if
was to suspect someone of the mailing, for absolutely no reason
could justif would sayliiihould pickidentified| |because[::]has been wJTkTg_¬E_
IID| |and during the time they weremakin biol ical weapons for the US government. [:::]believes
that misses] |glory days when[::]was creating wea ons and
llthat is wh is a very bitter and pissed off old
However, is thought of very highl at USAMRIID andd there is a lot of "asski in " T:::::::]in that regard.
eard, via rumor mill, that is aid approximately
per hour for expertise as or SAMRIID.stated that did not spent anytime with| l therefore,
does not come to mind as someone who miq t ave sent thean rax letters. [::;;]mentioned there were| -T[::::::} thatE:] reme ered who might have the expertise to dosomething like the anthrax mailings.[:::]provided the name[:;:;::::]
phonetic spelling! as someone who mi ht have the exp r ise¢
to somethin like the anthrax mailings. I hs alleqedlv a
who was| I
food chain, but ad onl seenE:::jonce before and never hadany direct contact with[::::f All other speakers that[;;::]was
aware of were all from within USAMRIID and they were a either
doctors, military officers, or both.
[::::]is not aware of any people with whom[::]worked with
who were lax in handling dangerous items or inappropriately
interested in agents that could be turned into harmful agents.[:::::]
was impressed with the professionalism exhibited by everyone[::]
worked with. '
[::::]was not aware of anyone being involved or interested
in gaining access to anthrax or other biological chemical agents
nor having the means to produce them without a specific need or
responsibility to do so. *
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1 When asked howm::::]would go about reparin dry Bacillusanthracis and sending to through the mail,[::¬:]said|E:]probably
kill[::::::] in the process therefore[::]wouldn't even try.
[::::]was asked if[::]was aware of anyone who expressed
special interest in being able to get around forensic techniquesand[::]was not able to provide a name of anyi%§E¥:]thought would
. fit this description. Neither[:] nor any of associates had any
personal or professional association with Trenton, New Jersey,
Princeton or other areas of New Jersey.
did not travel nor is[:] aware of any of[:::]
associates travel to New Jersey in September or October 2001.
stated that| ldid not work in an area that had
level or level| Ibio safety cabinets, therefore[::] was
unaware of any specla standard o erational rocedures fordecontamination ofl and| lbio safety cabinets.
stated thad tbeJ_________tE;gbeen used inJ Lmerk area in
_I
has never smelled bacterial decontamination a entsin the suite because[::]has never visited the[:::::?:::]
suite.
b6' When asked if[::]had ever used lastic storage containers b7¢such as sterilite boxes for storage of[:ii material at USAMRIID,
[:::]answer was negative.
When asked if|UUUwas w re of anyone who worked withBacillus anthracis or simu1ant§F__§tated tba;| I
<
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E::::]stated that all of[:::]work was recorded in Iab notebooks and those notebooks can be found in the lab
file cabinets.
[::::]had never purchased any prestamped envelopes nordid[::]ever use any vending machines in order to purchase pre-
stamped envelopes.
- E::::]has never personall handled any of the anthraxlaced letters or envelopes nor hasE::]conducted any analytical work
on the evidence pertaining to this case.
I lknew who |:| wasI but only from workin . was byIaI |there, butI Iwas unaware of how ZIQ/CI was paid, if was I I orIh I
I rec seein at U t t e rear entrance of
I Bui ing where escorted from the rear of Building
to the front of Building at t e time of this visit
had a visitor's badge an was escorted the conference
room on the front side of buildingI I as allowed to
technically piggyback with| Ibecause id not have an
access badge in the building, which was why was escorted
from the back of the buildin to the e room With theexception of the one timeE:: cortedI II IevgrE:::::::]inside USAMRIID a terT§ I
[::::]never saw[:::::::]taking any e ui ment out ofUSAMRIID or moving equipment to a place where%::Fcould use it
unobserved. Q5
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[::::]never observed[:::::::]work at USAMRI
never showed an interest in the anthrax in front ofonly knew tha was aI I
[::::]never saw[:::::::Iworking with bacterial cultures or
lyophilizers.
[;:::]is unaware if ever removed or borrowed any
equipment rom USAMRIID or if ever tried to taint discarded lab
equipment.
never saw[:::::::]wa1k near or o into the walkincooler, room on the hot side of BuildingIE:::]
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[::::::] never asked[::::]for any isolates, equipment or
access to any USAMRIID locations.
[::::]does not know where[:::::::]may have stored samples
The one dad Iwas escorted b | Iat USAMRIID,[::::::]nmy"have brought] foror materials
[:::::::]never discussed[::} ex eriences in[::::::::]with
p never talked about decisions withl |1 I lori Iin front of[::Eg;]
made any references to| I| I er complained about political issues or
any issue in front of
E::::::] [::::]did not have any conversations with[::::::]in which
mentioned scenarios involving bioweapons or how to create
them or any ideas about mailing anthrax.
never mentioned ways to avoid forensic detection
in bio-weapons cases to [:::1
is unaware of[::::::] having any connections in New
Jersey or at Princeton.
never recommended any books to|UUUUH
unaware if[::::::]ever visited the Gambrill
Parkrode area.
|:|is
time with at workunaware w' whom| Isocialized or spent
nor could identify any of| |
unaware of any of[:::::::::]activities after[::]
left USAMRIID.
never attended any] Hhowever, people Fha§I%:::]knowswere impressed. provided the names land
| | as having attended] lat USAMRIID.P
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Since PI no one has madeany comments to a out or about givingI Iaccess to
certain areas or to anthrax.
E:::::]stated thatI
I Istated thatI I Q?
[::::::]d ' e ' ' lly remember any conversations thatIever had with is unaware of any olitical issuesfunding issues that was involved with. I I
| Ihandled all the
V _ I 5
is unaware if[::::::]ever discussed forensic
countermeasures to bioterrorism scenarios.
is not sur ' I
When escorted observed
1 ems in bag that may have been
Inever discussed the use of lyophilizer to make
powdered anthrax.
never showed to| Iany materials such as
.
v-1-.I.: w
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
279AWF222 93 6 SUB LEAD AND SUB USAMRI ID
Continuation of FD-302 of , On O 2 0 2 2 O O 4 , Page E.
' ' not spend mueh time atUSAMRIID whlle was assigned to UsAMRIID|:| W
lil gas
| |never discussed with I
92
z
y 4-. .
ALL II-IFDP!}Li:.'T ' C_EII-ITAIIIIED
HEPEIIJ I5 U} HIFIEI3FD-302 R¢v-104-95! DATE lZl52EII_IEi 51:12:24 1.1.3 hat-I,-"Iii-r.*'cls
b6
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b2
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcriptim Q 2 Z Q3 Z 2 Q Q4
_dste of birihI I Social
Lhnmp 32?: address, ' l
I b6
wt Iwas interviewed atI I
place of employment. After being advised of the identity o t e
interviewing agents and the nature of the interview{:::]provided
the following information: I
twat?----I L---; it . i
[:::::]worked at the United States Army Medical Research
Institute of Infectious Diseases USAMRIID! from IuntilI I I I Iwas assi ned to thegl IDivisionand was ? I Iha various
duties an
was also involved
with
Prior tol IUSAMRI ID,
. I:I worked in building |:| and
een invo ved with studies involving
.u spent most ofI I time on the hot side ofu1IdingL1 H Iand one of the[:::::::]
division aboratories.
[:::::]vms involved with a Bacillus anthracis Ba! stuthat was headed by BRUC;§ylNS. This stud took place in suitein building[::::::P:::::] nly had| Iduties and was Pi,1 , 92,.
b5
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I
Investigation on 1 43 Q E Q4 at
, '1. , 92%%92.. Z:Fil=# 279AWF-222936USAMRIID 279ABA-C101392 Dawdiw-led 2/3/04
by sA| | sA| I i
¢ A
FD-302a Rev. 104-95! ' '
279AWF22293¬USAMRIID 279ABACl0l
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Continuam of FD-302 of I i H , On 1 / 3 O / O 4 , Page 2
res onsible for] Ion the hot side of building[:::?] In this case,| |wou1d perf?rm| F1" bgrequested items would be taken to the This b7c
l | Iwas not' culturing, growing or harvesting the Ba used in this
ot involved with any aerosol challenges during
hinks that IVINS used blood agar plates to grow '
does not know what strain of Ba IVINS used during_ was an]
involve
study.
this stud
his Ba.
his stu y.
o assisted [:::::;::::] and[;::;:;:;:::::]92vith a
study. This was an aeroso s u y.
[:::::]advised that the Ames strain of Ba was used
frequently at USAMRIID. I
[:::::]described three ways that carcases/tissue were
moved from various laboratories to the necropsy room or to another
laboratory:
1! A carcass would be placed in formalin for three weeks
and then taken to the Pathology Division. Requested samples would
be taken from the carcass and sent to the appropriate division.
The rest of the carcase would be placed in a freezer or autoclaved.
2! Unfixed tissue samples would be removed from the
laboratory and sent to the Bacteriology or Virology Division.
3! Tissue would be fixed in gluteraldehyde and sent for
electron microscopy.
Anytime a carcass or tissue sample left a laboratory, it
would be bagged, decontaminated, bagged again and passed out of the
laboratory.
advised that room the walk~incooler on thehot side E;:;;;1ding[::::]vms used to store animal carcasses. b6
brr[:::::]h met or talked to| U I Cheard rumors thatii:2fffijwas special o erations ahd| Iworkedfor various overnment agencies. [::::;did not hear any rumorsabout[::::::?::]work habits or persona life.
[:::::]has never seen or used a sterilite box at USAMRIID.
4
L Q
FD-302:1 Rev. 10-6-95!
I
279AWF222936USA1/IRIID 2'79ABA~ClO1
Continuaticn of FD-302 of J I , On 1 / 3 O / O 4 , Page 3
seen or used an envelope like the one was shown. be[:;::::]was shown an envelo e consistent with the ones usedin the ant rax mailings in 2001. [:¬:E;2fdvised that[:] has never
does not have any professional associates in New
I Jersey. attended a meetin in Newark, New Jerse ' eprior to September ll, 2001 and.%::::::::::]years ago,t:i??ffi
visited the New Jersey shore.
$/
~wAL Fnnniricn CUHTEINED
HE IS UEELASSIFIED
FD3°2@ 1°$5! DATE 12-16-2008 BY amaze us hamdhicls u
F}. _1_
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIG-.ATION
.0!
Date oftranscription O2ZO6[2O ]4
uary O3, 200 , f Ep
birth Social Secur t Account Number home V
address] homet¬l?phOD¬J lwas interyiewed atl Lplace of employment,the
| _i_ ktelephone] _ b Special A entsSpringfield Division d{___,___________J ' , an Washington Field Office.
After being advised of the identi ' the interviewing.Agentsand the purpose of the interview,tiff:ff]provided the following
information:
rovided a copy ofl ,<which deta' ' ' xperiences.
obtained a in| | and a II I uil ' were 92l,92"792conferred by] earne a
Fin] E from the Iin
worked at the UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH
INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS D E E IID!, Fort Detrick,|Frederick, Marvland, fromi I tol H
and held the position of from] I
made handwritten notations on in icatin that work at
USAMRIID was related to anthrax rom and to
is curren ly a
l Ln Eh? at the
has eld the position since
Asl lat USAMRIID,l lspentl Iyears b6
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Investigation on 02 / O3 / 04; at I I b6
b7 C
File # 2 7 - - - I ID - Date dictated
SA
by SA I
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
- it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
N
I FD-302:1 Rev. 10-6-95!
92
1 »92
921' b 692 ' ~. 279AWF222936USAMRIID b'C
Page Continuation ofFD-302 of J l , On O 2 / O3 / O 4 , 2
' worked in| lin USAMRIID's
believed to be Buildin from I |worked in| |in Buildi [::::F ng rom Laboratory
space was shared by researchers and was assigned based on project
type.
|received| |B.a. stocksfrom the at USAMRIID]
Idid not recall ever working with B.a. Ames.|b6
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b6
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[:;¥:::]used sporulation media to generate spores for
permanent s orage of bacterial stocks. ' not recall the
specific type of spor ' ' . stocks were maintainedin a refrigerator in | For germination of bacteria
from a seed stockJ Iwould streak a plate and select a colony
following the incubation period.[::::::]was too busy with his own
research projects to produce B.a. materials for other scientists.b6
137$
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! '
bf279AWF222936USAMRIID bi
Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On 0 2 / O 3 / 0 4 , Page
Aside fr0m| H ldid notI transfer any of| Isamples whenl heft USA%RIID for the
contacted via
email approximately two years ago regardinq | '
remaining at USAMRIID. The items wer ' ied and
confirmed that they were remnants of research.
believed that the materials located by were destroyed.
' [::::::]did not ship B.a. domestically or internationally.
Following the publication of the Cell paper in 1983,| I
i::::::]loI1owed aI1 USAMRIID protocols and obtained the appropriate
administrative approvals for the transfer.
andl Lbn al U ' " d
:1 T' Volume[::j pages L______J The paper reported
determination of t e nucleotide sequence of the PA gene from B a
and the 5' and 3 flankin se uences. The paper was published afterad left USAMRIID.i:::f::]did not parti ' te in the h n -on research aspects of the sequencing project. ldescribedtiifiwcontribution as that of an]
BRUCE IVINS developed a halo test to detect recombinant
E. coli using immunolo ical r enjg for EA which e provided by|IVINS n a s .
' t trans errin into Baci us subtilis.
was] I working at USAMRIID with
had very little collaborative interaction wit an
. Any proposed studies discussed among the three remained at
the 'talkin sta e' and never developed into functio ' earchprojects.[:%::::fdid not receive B.a. materials from1iEf:fij.
Lk Icontinued to col onroiects with USAMRIID scientists, includingland? i Most of the work was related to
was replacement at USAMRIID and continues to work there.
W
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
279A-WF-222936USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On O 2 / O 3 / 0 4 , Page 4b6
107C
[::::::]:remained in contact with| l who is still
embloved at USAMRIIDJ Ialso collaborated withl
The Ames strain was sent to NUSMRIID in 1980 or 1981.
knowledge of the Ames 'ved from
two sources: scientific discussions with and media
reports on the CABLE NEWS NETWORK CNN! worked with PA,B a lasmids and virulent B a strains, suc as Ames andE:::]
I [::;;:E:::;:::;::] characterized their interaction as inte
co a ora ion , as they often discussed scientific topics.
l land met at USAMRIID and they had a
good relationship.| I
| Iandl Idid not socialize outside of
USAMRI ID .
92
4
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_ FD-302z1 Rev. 10-6-95!
279AWF-222936USAMRIID b6b7 t"
H
Continuation of FD-302 of I i , On O 2 / O 3 / O 4 , Page 5
| |never hosted foreiqn scientistsl_hutl::::%::::::]
was
_intrpduced tnJ La scientist frnmJ L
| Inever lyophilized B.a. and was
not aware of any lyophilized B.a. material at USAMRIID. According
to[::::::] there was no reason to dry B.a. for storage, as
bacterial spores were sufficiently stable for longterm storage.
E:::::::]has never met| and their termsof em loyment at USAMRIID did not overlap.| L1 knowledge of
' was aware that| |was
from had n ' 'o relatives or associates in NEW JERSEY.I 9 fefalied traveling to NEW JERSEY [:::::::::::] to attend[:::]
cribed the perimeter security at Fort Detrick
as topnotch. stated that samples could be taken from
_ FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! I I
1
279AWF222936USAMRIID
v
Continuation of FD-302 of | I , On O 2 / O 3 / O 4: , Page 6b6
'7?
/92./
I USAMRIID if a person was intent on doing so; howevery[::] knew of noone who removed Select Agents covertly.E:::::;]was not aware of any
persons with access and ability to crea e or andle dangerous
biological agents who expressed hostile attitudes toward any
political organizations, the media, or others. There were no
persons[:]]oelieved to be or suspected of possibly being associatedwith the mailings of the anthrax letters.[;::;;;]92uas not aware of
anyone with whomlmmnworked who was lax in an ing dangerous items.
[::::::] followed the anthrax
reports and publications.E::]referred
the Ames powder and a report that the
within the limits of detection, to be approximately two years old.
E::::::]indicated that the interpr ' n of the data was critical.The results actually indicated tofififj that the growth media usedto produce the spores was approximately two years old{;::Lsuggested
two possible interpretations: the stock of Ames from w 1c the
spores derived was two years old, or the stock predated the
mailings by many years, but the spores were produced using media
that was two years old.
di the anthrax mailings with[::::::;;;]
during a Two OSSlp emotives were proposed. The anthrax attack may havl been perpetrated
by someone trying to send a message. The highly purified nature of
the spores| g_ Ithat at least one of the persons
involved in producing the material possessed very specialized
skills and knowledge.[::::::]surmised from media reports that the
reagents added to weaponize the spores were not ones used in the
US. It was also suggested that a foreign country, such as China,
perpetrated to attack to test the defense and response capabilities
of the US.E:::::] was skeptical of this proposal, as such an act
would be very risky for any country to take.investigation through media
to the isotopic analysis of
spores were determined,
E:::::] was in[;:;;:::] during the days surrounding themailings of the anthrax e ers. As documentation of[:::]
whereabouts[:::::::]provided a handwritten telephone log, an
employment leave record and dated email messages encompassin thedates of September and| L150rovided a documen e ai ing he minutes or al I
Imeeting at| I
Iindicated thatcould also verify| hhereabouts during the dates
surrounding the anthrax mailings.
' FD-302:1 Rev. 10-6-95!
b 6
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279AWF222936-USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-3 02 of ' On I , 02/03/04
A copy
Safety, Academic, Page 7
of[:::::::] "Division of Environmental Health and
Personnel Record of Vacations, Holidays and
' su ested thatschedule] and?g ofIwas not noted for those days.Leaves,
worked usual
200l_, as
used this| | ' document to ersonally track[::] usage of leave
throughout the year.! | handw ' en, office telephone log fothe number Tiijmade and received a total of
four calls on September . Three calls were noted as
received or made OI].
A copy of an email message, dated! I indicated thatr ._
[:::::::]was asked to voluntaril submit to a ol ' y pexamination re ing the mailing of the anthrax letters.EffiEE:]
indicated tha would think about the request and contact theAgents within a few days with[::]<decision.
The following items, received fron1[:::::] have been
!
!
!placed in a 1A envelope FD34O!:
l!
Q
, ~FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
Q
279AWF222936USAMRIID bg
02/O3/O4b7C
Continuation of FD-302 of I , On , Page i.
!
!
;
_92 _ y A , _ . -. . I _. ALL IIIIFEIFIIILL IDIII !_.ClII]"TaIIIEIi ,1 HEREIN I5 &5L3IFIED G! ' 302
DATE l2lI':- JDI3 Bl 611331 us 1::arr_.-dJ~:f|:lE
FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95!
_ 1 _
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription O 2 Z 1'7 I 2 Q Q4
I P I92_<et§s2-,12irthI I S<><=ia1Se_c ' t _ Number ' ', re§:i_Q;ng';_a_t"
phone n mber __vA _ was ..-t . ,-_....,.1.,,. b "interviewed b S ecial Agen and*Postal bicIns ector[:::E::¬:::::] at lace of em lo ent at Ft Detrick P P P Ym - ,
Maryland. After being advised of the identities of the interviewers
and the nature of the interview,I:I voluntarily provided the
following information:
earnedI Ideqree in
r<>m l Qvllese I I °§~s ar e wor ing at Ft. Detrick in the United States Army Medical
Research Institute nfectious Diseases USAMRIID! in|:| as a. FromI Iuntil ly had access to the
' I in building I In| I '
started to receiveI I vaccinations I I
Iwas vaccinated,' I and g in buildingI S ecifically,I I worked in the suites as well
as the . The only timeI I works in any area other than' ' ' 1.sJ I I
r - -1_hs§ nexer tgtt with Bacillus anthraci£_bnL_dQes___1
b6Lha been involve vaccine challenges performed_by b"/C
-IVll}T_,L3_tI '
I:I has no knowledge of any foreign visiting
scientists at USAMRIID.
[::::::::] never knewl I
- -b2
b7E
b6
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be
Investigation on 02 / 11/ 2 0 04 at Frederick, Maryland . W1
1=i1e# 279A-WF222936 SAMRIID 279ABAC1Ol392]:|Dat¢ dwmed N A
by I
' _
1 ' . ALL IEIFIJP an |:nm"ri11~1'EL|
i HEREIN 1: iLAS5I?IED
* R °144° DATE 12-l62UB BY 50324 uc hawfdkfcls1
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Precedence: ROUTINE Date: 01/27 /2004
To: Washington Field Attn: Amerithrax 3 b6
will W
From: [:::;::;;
qua CT2Contact: SAI
ebt
Approved By: b7c
Drafted
AWF222936g1 dPend:I.ng! -92}.!Af!92/Imp!; 5Ie92 A
HRm< Leek-481 Case ID #
Title: AMERIT ; A
MAJOR CASE 184
Synopsis: To report results of lead set for[::::::]IDivision to
interview! !
Enclosure s!: Enclosed for Washington Field are one ! copv and kg
one ! original FD302 for the interview of| I b'c
and one ! FD-540 envelope containing the original notes of the
interview and floor plans of USAMRIID used in the interview.
Details: On 1/26/2004,[:::::::1Divi§i%ninterviewed[::;::::::::]at| Iplace o
emp oymen ,
provideddetaili information regarding] Iemployment and education I
histor
From I lthroughl worked at USAMRIID,Division, building| M
IQTC
received the non-virulent Bacillus Anthracis i[eamnles tr0m_Doct0r gcnee Ixina. The eamnlee were retrieved. from
1 not] | know the location of the freezerused to store the Bacillus Anthracis samples. [::::::::]did not
grow Bacillus Anthracis samples at USAMRIID
0did not conduct research inside of building big
1412. id not go into the hot areas of building 1412.
>1 O OTo: Washington Field From: |
Re: 279AWF222936, 01/2'7/2004
K
was not al member of b7C
Please refer to the enclosed FD302 for further details of
the interview.w whol I |was| Ll b6
~
2
ii {
, § Q 1:6To: Washington Field From: g;::::::] b7@
Re: 279A~WF222936, 01/27/20
LEAD s!:
Set Lead 1: Info!
WASHINGTON FIELD
AT WASHINGTON, D.C.
Read and Clear
O6
>92
3
>
I 0'92 *- vi ALL IIIIFUIHLLTI CUNTAIIIIED ' _ " HEPEII] IS TJIII JIFIEI!
>< "' " F" " 1 FD$°2 R@*1 6@5! DATE Lal5aUJn Bi 6.32% us bawfdkfcls
. 1- '
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of transcription O 1 Z 2 '7 Z 2 O
born
omewas1nterv1ewed aEI lace o A.-».~"| -.....A..-.4_cuiIg.1.Oyuic1.u.. J
I AfterLbeing advised of the identity of the interviewing agents and the
purpose of the interviewq E::::::] provided the following
information:
SinceI IhasI I
at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious
Disease USAMRIIDL, Fort Detrick, Marvland. Froml I toI I
I Ireceiyed QI I
Ikorxed in Bufldinqj IDivision. IL1 I b6social securitv accouht numberI b7c
136
7C
I Starting in I I for approximatel 92b6conducted research on NonViru1ent forms 0 Baci us :%;:§bW3Anthracis. I I92I~
I I b6Investigation on l/26/2 O04 at I bwc
9o192o92V 'File# 279A-wF-22293s»g " QQWVIKI ID- Qnm dictated 1/27/2004
SAIby SA
K
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.in _
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! . '
A
279AWF¢222936 Q5
Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On 1 / 2 6 / 2 O O 4 , Page 2F"
I Iconducted theBacillus Anthracis research under the direction ofI I I
While at USAMRIIDI Iwas assignedI I
_the_BaciIlns Anthracis samnles in fré¢Z@r-aIwas not familiar with t enumber of personnel with access to the freezer. I I
_ Iworke under
INS department would growthe Bacillus Anthracis samples92I did not assist with the
growing of Bacillus Anthracis samplesl
I Upon completion of each laboratory work
day,L________J ll Bacillus Anthracis samples utilizingthe autoclave.EfEffffi;jcould not identify other researchers at
USAMRIID utilizing Baci us Anthracis.
could not identify the strain of BacillusAnthracis used for research. I I I
Idid not use modified G
Sporulation media and was unfamiliar with the media.I I
t:::::::::]utilized single colony culture techni ues After >
Ireceiving the Bacillus Anthracis samples,E::::f:::Iwould add
antibiotics diluted in a liquid at a specific concentration. The
culture would be monitored for growth or reaction to the
antibiotics. Different types and quantities of antibiotics were
mixed and added to the Bacillus Anthracis cultures. Typically,
the samples were completed in a four to six hour time period.
After the test results were recorded, all samples were destroyed
1;;-_-_~£e' same" day by-_autO'cla-V-e_ ., M i c , _~
[:::::::] has not participated or used d ing techniquesfor Bacillus Anthracis or any other organism. [::fihas not utilized
/c W
FD-30221 Rev. 10-6-95! 0
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279AWF222936 b7
Continuation of FD-302 of i I , On 1 / 2 6 / 2 O O4 , Page 3C
a lyophilizerx[:::::::::]has no experience or training in
laboratory drying techniques was unable to provide names
f .o an one with experience using a lyophilizer or drying techniques.[::::::%::]was not familiar with the location of stored samples of
dried Bacillus Anthracis.
[::::::::]mms unclear if the Bacillus Anthracis[::] used
for research was fully characterized believes theBacillus Anthracis was most likely fulgy characterized, since it
was identified as a| I
unfamiliar with the origins of the Bacillus Anthracis used in her
E:::::::] The samples were provided to[::]kw'Bruce Ivins.
I lwas familiar with one person,| IH , with expertise in]earned of£ rby reading research materials andbooks on t e subect.
[:::::::::]had no first hand knowledge of bacterial
contamination at USAMRIID. However,E::] read in a research paper
of one incident of bacterial contamination at USAMRIID. The paper
indicated a visiting scientist died at USAMRIID as a result of
exposure mi =
|i| worked in building|:| at USAMRIID. |:| was
assigned office in the ' F______________;;' staff area adjacent to the| |cTn ucted| |research in laboratoryspace within the Division. could not recall the
room numbers of t e laboratories. ' ' h level II and
level III laboratory space within th Division.
did not conduct research ' ' ' 'wou go to building[::;; only to|has not been in e hot areas of building
as not been in the walkin cooler, room of building
does not know what is stored in room was not aware of
anyone "piggy-backing" into hot areas at USAMRIID.| Iwas
unable to provide information on visiting scientists inside the hot
areas, since[::] had not been in the hot areas.
[;:;:::::] was unaware of anyone remdving select agent$
frQm.the not zonei~.If someone wanted to remove-select aents from
the hot zone,E:::::::j identified three possible methods to remove
the agents from the hot zone. First, someone could pass the select
agent through the "Pass Box". The "Pass Box" is utilized to pass
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! » l I
279AWF222936
Contmuatlon of FD-302 of I I , On 1 / 2 6 / 2 O O 4 , Page 4b6
b7C
laboratory notebooks from the hot zone to the clean zone. The
notebook inside the hot zone is placed inside the box. The box
door is closed and UV lights inside the box are turned on. After
the UV treatment, the notebook is removed from the box on the clean
side. Second, someone could carry the select agent through the
decontamination shower. After showering, the individual could hide
the select agent material in their street cloths before exiting the
decontamination area. Third, an individual could place the select
agent inside the autoclave from the hot zone. A person could place
a select agent inside the autoclave, but not turn it on. Once
through the decontamination shower, the person could open the
autoclave on the clean side and remove the select agent.
[:::::::] was unaware of anyone indicating they might makea select agent for use in some improper fashion. l:;;;%was unaware
of anyone with access and the ability to create o le dangerous
biological agents, which expressed hostile attitudes toward any
political organization, the media or others.[:::] was not aware of
any persons believed to be or suspected of possibl beingassociated with the mailings of anthrax letters.[:f:] could not
identify anyone[::] has worked with that was lax in handling
dangerous items or inappropriately interested in agents that could
be turned into harmful agents.
[:::::::] was not aware of anyone at USAMRIID interested
in gainin access to anthrax or any other biological or chemicalagents.E:?:] has no ideas on how to prepare dried Bacillus
Anthracis and send it through the mail.E:::] is unaware of anyone
which expressed a s e ' ' t ' b ' bl t t d p es in eing a e o ge arounforensic techniques. Eif2:iffffhas no ties or associates with tiesto the Trenton, New Jersey or other areas of New Jerse . E:::::::]was[;:;::::;:]at the time of the anthrax mailings. E::%] as no
know e ge o anyone traveling to New Jersey during September or
October of 2001.
The| Ilaboratory maintained basic
standard operating procedures SOP! for decontamination of
laboratory work areas. The SOP for basic decontamination of Level
II and III laboratories were similar. The SOP directed workers to
use a ten percent bleach solution to clean surfaces. Also, workers
were directed to turn on UV light sources on the room ceiling andinside the'hoodsL* ". ,* E7~ ' *. *t *** i Z A +i l
[::::::::]indicated araformaldehyde or glutaraldehyderfumigation were not used in[i%]-area at USAMRIID. However[:::::].
b7C
1
-4m_iFD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! I i
b¬
1:76
279AWF222936
Continuation of FD-302 of A I , On 1 / 2 6 / 2 O O 4 , Page 5
observed on several occasions small areas sealed off inside
building 1425. The sealed off areas were marked with warning signs
indicating fumigation was taking place. Typicall the fumigation
of laboratory areas was conducted on Fridays. was not
sure if the virology areas were ever fumigated, as did not go
into the virology area.
[:::::::;1utilized glass or metal containers at USAMRIID.[:::]does not reca using or observing plastic storage containers,
such as sterilite boxes, at USAMRIID.
[::::::::] was not aware of an unofficial or off the
record research conducted at USAMRIID. recorded all of
E:::]research in laboratory notebooks. urne in all completed
notebooks into the laboratory librarian.
[::::::::]has not purchased or used re~stamped envelopeslike the ones used in the anthrax mailings.[:i%:] has no knowledge
of prestamped envelopes being available or for sale at USAMRIID.
However, the prestamped envelopes may have been sold at the U.S.
Post Office on the grounds of USAMRIID.
did not handle any of the anthrax~laced letters
sent to USAMRIID. has not conducted analytical work on the
evidence in the anthrax investigation. '
did not know who l was| |
s not recall obser 'ng| |at USAMRIIDlor elsewhere. indijated[:::]was not a member of the
C t ' . ALL :=1=:m:r1:n1!~r |:|:|I~]TI&II'EI3
1 ' HEFE 13 UNIILAESIFIEIII
FD-302 Rev-10-6-95! DATE 12-15-2005 B? 50324 11¢ E:92aw;'d}§_s'|:ls
_ 1 _
FEDERAL BUREAU on INVESTIGATION '
F
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Date oftranscription ]_]_z26Z2QQ3 1376
On 02/27/2004, I date of birth
socialisecurity e home addressi Iwas in erviewed at] lace of J;
empITrm"-ten ,| |After being advised of the identi of the interviewing agents andthe nature of the interview, provided the following
information: _
provided the following overview mi:
educational and career experience:
n
SEH|ALIZE_D ED
MAR ii 3 E533
Investigation on Q2/2'7/ZQQQ at 69/ | __
File # 279A-WF-222936USAMRIIDf279A-WE222936-LEAD / gate dimted n/a
by S3 and SA
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusiéns of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
ents are not to be distributed outside your agency
FD-30"2a Rev. 10-6-95! '
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Continuation of FD-302 of I , On O 2 / 2 7 / 2 O 0 4 , Page 2
If never interviewed:
1. Obtain details on education, specializations, nature of
work at each laboratory of employment; details on work
with biological organisms particularly Bacillus
anthracis Ba!!.
Answer: Covered above. q&;;;;;;;;§;%%Fs never worked with
any virulent form of Ba. has worked with
the Sterns vaccine! strain of Ba during the normalcourse of[::] immunization duties.
2. Determine whether any work with Ba was on the living
organism or only with components such as toxin, DNA, etc.
Answer:[::::::::::] has never worked with any virulent
strain of anthrax, only the vaccine strain used for
immunizing USAMRIID employees. .
3. Obtain details on all projects involving Ba including
identification of contracts, subcontractors, lab
assistants, whether the work involved spores or just
vegetative cells, strains used, specifically how the Ba
was grown, storage technique and all storage locations,
distribution to any other researchers.
Answer: Although [::::::::::] has nev
science driven pro'ects involving Ba
a reed to identify Division
4. Have you ever used the modified G sporulation media?
When, on what organism and strain, where was it stored?
1
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Continuation of FD-302 of __l l _ , On O 2 / 2 7 / 2 O O 4 , Page 3
|%_Answer:[::::::::::1 has never worked with any form of
anthrax created using modified G sporulation media.
5. What type of culture technique did you use? Was it
single colony or multiple colony culture technique? If
you used both, what time-frames did you use each?
Answer{:::::::::::]has never cultured any form of Ba.
6. Identify any work involving the drying of Ba. Was a
lyophilizer used? What was the specific technique? Are
any samples of dried Ba still maintained? Were high
resolution images collected?
Answer:[::::::::::] has never dried any form of Ba and
has never used a lyophilizer. -
7. Were the strains used fully characterized? Where'did
they originate, and where have they been disseminated? If[Ehf:iffijn was Ames, did it come from Bruce Ivins or[:::::]
Answer:E:::::::::::]has never worked with any form of
virulent anthrax characterized or uncharacterized!.
8. Identify any persons who have expertise in weaponization
techniques, spore production, lyophilizing. Is there
anyone else we should talk to about the above issues?
Answer:[:::::::::::]does not know of any individuals with
the above listed expertise.
9. Identify any areas of USAMRIID which had problems with
bacterial contamination, particularly[::::::] suites.
Answer:[:::::::::::]never heard about any issues of
bacterial cross contamination in any area of USAMRIID but
did note that in 1999 a USAMRIID em lo ee, Q I P Yhad an accidental nee e s lC an may have been exposed
to a virulent strain of anthrax.| |
I
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Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On O 2 / 2 7 / 2 O O4 , Page
10. Identify the areas routinely used by the employee use
floor plans!. _
Answer:[::::::::::] s ent almost all ofl Itime while at b6
USAMRIID in Buildin rooms| I mgF remembers going into Building]
11. Determine if the person used the hot areas of building
[:::::] Was the walkin cooler, room[:::] used? Who was
observed using the walkin cooler? Do you know what was bg
stored there? b7C
Answerzl I did not coduct work in the hot areas
of building was un f theexistence of a walkin cooler in roomTfifi:j
12. Did people "piggy-back" in and out of the hot areas at
, USAMRIID? Were visiting scientists taken into the hot
areas by USAMRIID researchers? 3
Answer:[:::::::::::]stated that[::] cannot remember ever
witnessing anyone "piggybacking" into the BL3 area at
USAMRIID, but did remember individuals "piggybacking" in
the general access doors of Building 1425.
13. How could someone remove Select Agents from the hot areas
covertly? Identify any individuals who attempted this.
Answer:[:::::::::::]believes the person would need to 92
conceal the sample of select agent in clothing in order
to make it out of the BL3 area. After leaving the BL3
are#E::::::::::] did not know how the person would remove
the sample from the building.
14. Are you aware of anyone who said they might make a Select
Agent for use in some improper fashion?
Answer:[;:::;;::::]could not identify anyone who said
the mi t ma e a select agent for subversive reasons.[:::f:::%::] did recall the FBI arresting several
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15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
2U.
21.b6
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veterinary technicians in 1998 for manufacturing drugs
using USAMRIID equipment and raw materials.
Are you aware of any persons with the access and ability
to create or handle dangerous biological agents who
expressed hostile attitudes toward any political
organization, the media, or others?
Answer; No
Are there any persons you
possibly being associated
anthrax letters? Who and
Answer: No
Are there any people with
lax in handling dangerous
interested in agents that
agents?
Answer: Nobelieve to be or suspect of
with the mailings of-the
why?
whom you have worked who were
items or inappropriately
could be turned into harmful
Was there anyone at USAMRIID who was rumored to be
interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other
biological or chemical agents or the means to produce
them without a specific need or-responsibility to do so?
Answer: No
How would you go about preparing dried Ba and sending it
through the mail?
-Answer:[g:::;:;::::lhad no idea of how someone would
prepare rie a an send it through the mail.
.=
Are you aware of anyone who expressed a special interest
in being able to get around forensic techniques?
Answer: No<
Do you or any of your associates have any personal or
professional association with Trenton, New Jersey,
Princeton or other areas of New Jersey? ,
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92
Answer: No
Did you or any of your associates travel to New Jersey in
September or October 2001? Do you recall where you were
during that time period?
Answer: No. oes not believe[::] has ever
been in N members driving to| |in of but does not recali traveling
through New Jersey.
Are there SOPs for decontamination of Class II and Class
III biosafety cabinets in your work areas? What are
they?
Answer:[::::::::::] remembers an SOP t ad been
established for decontamination of the suites after a
"hot" ' ' ' USAMRIIDTmmby the _ never _
used this SOP and stated that it was only to be
instituted if a "hot" person was quarantined and removed
from the[:::]suites.
Has paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde fumigation been
employed in the E::::::] areas? When?
Answer:[:::::::::::]has no knowledge of this process.
Have ou ever smelled bacterial decontamination agents inthe suites? I
Answer:[::::::::::]has never smelled bleach a commonI
bacterial decontamination chemical, at USAMRIID but does
remember a distinct decontamination smell routinely
coming from a specific area where lab stud monke s werebeing disposed of in an incinerator. [::::::::::%also
remembers the smell coming from the labs w ere t e monkey
related research had taken place and were subsequentlybeing cleaned and decontaminated.[::;::::::::] stated thesmell reminded[::] of, "fresh green eans in summer
time".
Have you ever used plastic storage containers, such as
sterilite boxes, for storage of your materials at
USAMRIID? If so, how, where and when were they
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Continuation of FD-302 of N i , On O 2 / 2 7 / 2 0 04 , Page 7
purchased? By whom? Did you ever notice any such
storage boxes missing?
Answer;E::::::::::]remembers using thick clear lasticboxes that were approximately 8" X 12" X 6". [::iE:::::::]
remembers that the boxes had metal safety locks with
rubber gaskets that created an air tight seal.
27. Are you aware of any work being conducted with Ba or its
simulants which was unofficial or not recorded?
Answer: No
28. Was all of your work recorded in lab notebooks? Where
are they stored? y
Answer:[:::::::::::]stated that before the mid 1990s all
of the USAMRIID immunization records were exhaustively
documented by employees in lab books. After the mid
1990s USAMRIID switched to and now uses a computerized
immunization record keeping system that now tracks all
immunization records.
29. Did you ever purchase prestamped envelopes like the ones
used in the mailings for your own use or for anyone else?
If so, did you ever give them to anyone else? Where were
the envelopes stored?
Answer: No
30. Did you ever use any of the vending machines in Frederick
to purchase pre-stamped envelopes? If so, which machine
and when? .
Answer: No
31. Did you personally handle any of the anthraxlaced
letters or envelopes? If so, when, what rooms, who else
was present?
Answer: No
32. Did you do any analytical work on the evidence in this
case? Get details. x
;_._._.i_->
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Continuation of FD-302 of I , On 0 2 / 2 7 /~2 O O4 , Page - 8
AIISWGI 2 NO
Questions reqardinql i »
1. |Did you know whol ' I was prior tc>[::::::::::]
92
Answer: Yes
2. Do you recall ever seeing[:::]in USAMRIID? If so, what
parts of which building did you see |:| in?
Answer: I would routinely see[::::::] when[::]
| |work area previously
identified! for immunization aga' riety of selectagents. [:::::::::::]stated that1?ii:?:fFwould routinelyrun into immunization compliance problems due to the faft
that
| |remembers ranting and raving
s ecificall about and non compliance issues.
_ stated that once an employee became non
compliant immediate supervisor was notified.
Ifell so far behind that
department had] Iaccessinto the ' turned off during the] |Soon after access badge was turned off[:::::::¥]
I Oncq |was com liant
ess was turned bac on.
remembers being immunized against
3. Do you recall seeing Iinside USAMRIID after[::::::]| J If so, was|:|escorted° What
kind of bad e was wearin and ° Wh d d ' g ' g using. en i. you see[::::] Where did go inside USAMRIID? ~
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Continuation of FD-302 of I i , On O 2 / 2 7 / 2 0 04 , Page 9
Answer:| |leTi_?fA%%iif in! Iand has no knowledge of activities after that
date.
4. Did you ever let[:::::::]"piggy-back" into any areas with
you? What areas and when?
Answer: No
5. Did you ever see[::::::] taking any equipment to a place* where[:] could use it unobserved?
Answer; No
6. What did[::::::] work with at USAMRIID?
Answer: was not sure exactl what[:::::::]didat USAMRIID. knows that[:i%555%%%%:%::][:::::::::] and did a lot[df:s?ijalizing.
always remembers seeing in the hallways with acup of coffee rn[::]Ihand talking to other people.
7. Did you ever see[::::::] working with bacterial cultures
or lyophilizers?
Answer: No _
8. Did.[:::::] ever remove or borrow any equipment fromUSAMRIID? Did[::]ever try to obtain discarded lab
equipment?
Answer:[:::::::::::]was not aware of any equipment
related issues surrounding[:::::::::]
9; Did you ever see he walkin cooler, room P[:::] in the hot side of Z2?
Answer: stated that was onlv in buildinoccasions to q]
Idid not specificallyremember any walk in cooler in building|[::::]
10. Did[:::::::]ever ask you for any isolates, equipment, or
access to any USAMRIID locations?
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Continuation of FD-302 of I l , On O 2 / 2 7 / 2 0 O4 , Page l O
Answer; No
11. Do you know wher4::::::::]stored samples and materials?
Answer: No12. Are tff:Fware of any samples[::::::]nwy have brought
with from prior research or employment? What were
they.
Answer: No
.13. Did[::::::] ever discuss[:::]experiences in.[:::::::::]
Details?
Answer; No tha;| |rememhers,
laware that I
14. Did talk about[::] discussions with[::::::::::::]
or Details? .
Answer:[::::::::::] does not know who| |or| I
are and has never heard of either person.
15. Did[::::::] make any references to killing people?
Answer: No .
16. Do you recall E:::::] complaining about any political
issues or other issues, particularly involving senators
or media personnel?
Answer: No
17. Were there any conversations in which[::::::]n@ntioned '
scenarios involving bioweapons and how to create them?
Did[::]ever mention the idea of mailing anthrax?, .
Answer: No '
18, Did[::::::1 ever mention ways to avoid forensic detection
in bioweapons cases?
Answer: No
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Continuation 0fFD-302 of i I , On O 2 /2 7 /2 O O 4 , Page 1 1
19. Do you know if[::::::] had any connections in New Jersey?
At Princeton?
Answer; No
i 20. Didimmmmmmn ever recommend any books to you as good books
to read? What were they? Do you still have them?
: NO Answer
21. Do you know if[::::::]ever visited the[::::::::::::::]
area?
Answer:[:::::::::::]has never heard of
and did not know the location of
22. Do you know with whomL_______Jsocialized or spent timewith at work? 'Can you identify any of| I
- members[::::::]spen ' ' ' hwhile at USAMRIID. d
does not know whoL______Jsocialized with outside workbut remembers thatl _| I r_]who'was also employed at USAMRIID. thinks
23. What, if anything, do you know about[::::::::] activities' after|:| left USAMRIID?
Answer: has no idea of what[::::::] was doing
after left USAMRIID.
24. Did you ever attend any presentations given by[::::::::]
Do you recall any controversial issues being discussed?
Answer: No
25. i has anyone made- any comments to you abouE| I or aBouE having given[:::]
access to certain areas or to Ba?
Answer; No
l
1
Q Q1
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Continuation ofFD-302 of I , On 0 2 /2 7 /2 O O4 , Page 12
26. Is there anything we have not asked you that you could
tell us which could be related to the anthrax letter
mailings?
i Answer: No
then went on to say thadmmgmdoes not believe
that had anything to do with t e mailing of theanthrax letters and does not believe[::::::] could kill
anyone.
If interviewee hosted foreiqn visiting scientists:
- [:::::::::::] stated that[:::]never hosted a foreign
visiting scientist while employed at U ore
the listed questions were not asked of
If interviewee was an| lmember:
1 . th&
AnswerJ I
2. What conversations do you remember having with[::::::::]
Answer| Idoes not remember ever having any
. |L_ |_
3. Were you aware of any political issues| |
L_ I |which| l was
involved in?
Answer: No
|
sv
v
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Continuation of FD-302 of I i- b6
n 02/27/2004 Page
4. I
Answer:E:::::::;:::]never attended[:::::::::::::::]
5 I
Answer: No
6. I
Answer: No
7.|
Answer: No
8 . I
Answer: No
9.
- Answer: No
1O.
Answer; No
ll.
i
4
Pv92O
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Continuation ofFD-302 of N I , On O 2 / 2 7 / 2 O O4 , Page 14
Answer: I i I
, _
1* '1' All :n 'iniTIOn CONTAINED
D
-1-
' FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION 929292_92V
Date of transcription O1 Z 15 Z 2 O ' I'iEP;EIi& IIBIIILELESIFIEDFD-302 Rev. 10-6-95! _ ' '»'lI':'-EDDI3 B? 50-32% 1.113 E3:aTJ_.* :il~:,*I:!l5
date of birth I
Social'Securi ccoun u e g , who resides at| |
| tel
is qprrentlv an]
L was
interviewed,| |
Resident Agency Of the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. er
being advised of the identit of the interviewing Agent and thenature of the interview,[:::f:::]provided the following
information:
required to was aware that tons of BA samples ca
after September 11, 2001; howeveryE::]never handled any of them.worked in a laboratory at USAMRIID
did not work w1Eh baclfluganthracis BTl:i:::::T_J was traine to work with BA, but was never
' . " " me in
never used the modified G sporulation media.
did not grow active cultures and, therefore,
not use any culture techniques.
When asked if the strains of BA used were fully
characterized, said that[::]did not know and again
reiterated tha ever worked with BA. 92
stated that most of the professors who worked
rtlse in weaponization tech ' USAMRIID have expe 'production, and lyophilizing.[:::::::]listedTi?:ii::f??ii:;::]did
8.
Investigation on 12 / 24 /2 O O3 at I
File# 279AWF222936 - 92!l92P<;92/nQ!92! - 30¢ Date dictated 01/14/2004
by Sn r- p
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agen
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. *--.
b6
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I |
I * §1 G I
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95!
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Continuation of FD-302 of_| | ,on12/24/2003 ,1=age 2
J
personally knew who had expertise in weaponization techniques and
spore production of BA.
[:::::::] was shown a co of the floor plans for buildings
1425 and 1412 f R I | if h reab6
b"/C0 USAM IID. ident' ied 1; e
located on the| | floor plan, as the area where
worked. When asked to identify any areas of USAMRIID which had
blems with bacterial contamination,| Istated the only ones
was aware of would have taken place in said
r used the hot areas ofbuilding 1412 and] Iwas never on the |floor.
[:::::::]saidEfhTt people did piggyback in and out of some
areas at USAMRIID, but had no knowledge about the hot areas
| Iwas surprised at how easy it was to get in and out of theb6
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building. L |believes the facility is "not that secure".| isaid that people who are cross training between virology
and bacteriology had access to both areas and the security soldiers
had access to everywhere.
When asked how someone could remove select agents from
the hot areas covert1Qn[::::::] said[::]had never been in the labs,
butE:] thought it would be eas and that people could possiblypipette it into a tube. [:::::f] is not aware of any individuals
who attempted this.
iS
select agent for use
|:|is
ability to create ornot aware of anyone who said they might make a
in some improper fashion.
not aware of anyone with the access and
handle dangerous biological agents, who
expressed hostile attitudes towards any political organization, the
media, or others.
[:::::::]<does not know any person that[::]believes to be,
or suspects of, possibly being associated with the mailings of the
anthrax letters.
I I § ' O
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279AWF222936
CmMm®nMTD%2M I I . ,On12/24/2003 Jae 3
E::::::] did not know of anyone at USAMRIID who was
rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other
biological or chemical agents, or the means to produce them without
a specific need or responsibility to do so.
E::::::]had no idea how to go about preparing dried BA
and sending it through the mail.
[:::::::]is not aware of anyone who expressed a special
interest in being able to get around forensic techniques.
when asked if[:]cm"any of[::] associates have any
personal or professional association with Trenton Princeton orFnjm:Lhareas_Qf New Jersey,| E stated thatl _ |IbutI Idid not
have access to any hot areas.
[:::::::]said that neither[:::;:g any of[::] associates
traveled to New Jersey in September or c ober, 2001
I Iwas asked if there are Standard Operating
Jhxmmmrrms mums 'Ed I
When asked if [:]had ever smelled ba 'decontamination agents in the virology suites,Tiffiii] said[:;Ldid
not know, as[::]had not been in there; however, you could sme
autoclaves at work near those areas.
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When asked if[::]had ever used plastic storage
container h as Sterilite boxes, for storage of materials at
forl |USAMRIID,i Istated Ihad and that most of the time it was
[::::::::]is not aware of any work being conducted with BA
or its simulants, which was unofficial or not recorded.
said all o work was recorded in lab
re storednotebooks, which a [%E;;;%:::::::]
never purchased pre-stamped envelopes like the
ones used in the mailings forl Iown use or for anyone else,
because[::]did not do mailings fo |never used
any of the vendin machines in Frederick to purchase pr - mped
envelopes
anthrax lpurchased[::::Ftamps at a store neaqmin home.
said[::]did not personally handle any of the
ers or envelopes. ace ett
I ldid know who| i| -1 saw at USAMRIID on aweekly basis in? b and in some o t e a lways in th rest ofthe building. saw[:E2:§ery regu rl . SometimesE?:::::::]
was escorted and other times was not. not aware of
what type of badge[::]was wearing and using. was in many
different areas inside USAMRIID.
[:::::::] did not recall ever letting[:::::::]piggyback
into any areas with[:::]
[:::::::] did not ever see[:::::::]takin any equipment outof USAMRIID or moving equipment to a place wherdin could use itlunobserved, with the exception of
It was common knowledge that[:::::::]was aware that| Iworked with anthrax at
.1 JI
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Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On 12 / 24 / 2 O O 3 , Page 5
[:::::::]never saw[:::::::]working with bacterial cultures
or lyophilizers.
E:::::::]was not aware of[::::::] ever removing or
borrowing any equipment from USAMRIID, or ever trying to obtain
discarded lab equipment.
ma ,
in the hallways a lot.asked ' had ever seenl Inear the ?§
room , in the hot side of building blc
ave ut does not remember. However id see
said never asked for any isolates béequipment, or access to any USAMRIID locations. Everything [::i:::] b7C
did as well. had access to,
said there was lots of public relations work
going on at USAMRIID and people from all over the world were given
tours of some of the suites.
d'd t k h [:::::::]stored samples or 1 no now w ere
materials, but stated that there are storage areas all over
USAMRI ID .
is not aware of any sample4:::::::]nmy have
brought with from prior research or employment.
said that[::::::]never discussed I
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Continuation of FD-302 of | I , On 12 / 2 4 / 2 O O 3 , Page 6 ~
E::::::::£;¥::::]never heard[:::::] make any reference to[:::::::]
[::::::] did not recall[::::::]ever com lainin about an P 9 Y
political issues or other issues, particularly involving Senators
or media personnel.
[;:;::;::]said[:::::::]never mentioned ways to avoid
forensic e ec ion in bio-weapons cases.
[:::::::] did not know if[::::::] h d t' ' a any connec ions in
New Jersey or at Princeton.
| I Idoes not Tnow if [:::::::]ever visited the
[:::::::]does not know with who socialized or
spent time with at work. When asked if identif an of|said.F1 never sawl Eith| |' ware that| llived at|
4
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Continuation of FD-302 of __| I , On 12 / 24 / 2 O O 3 , Page 7
| :|does not know anything about| Iactivities
I Ihad heard about Iwhich involved a suspicious type package, bu |is unaware if itcould be related tolthe anthrax letter mailings,| |
[::::;:] was not aware if any of the visitors were given
access to any ot suites or an locations where live, virulent BAwas stored or utilized, but[::5was aware that many visitors did go
through those areas. g
[:::::::] said that all the visitors coming through[::::]
area were escorted at all times and were never left in the lab
alone. [::::::] said that o[:::]tours, there was never any
opportunity during the visits for the visitors to have removed
samples from USAMRIID without being observed. E:::::::]sa1d that
many people on staff participated in or assisted with visits.
When asked if any of the visito any requests to
obtain samples of any type from USAMRIID, said thev did notbut many of them wanted of pictures and literature. I
O ' Q
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Continuation of FD-302 of I I , On 12 / 2 4 / 2 O O 3 , Page 8
described a picture of the BA spore, which had been enlarged many
hundred times,| I
[:::::::]said that none of[:::]visitors showed any
particular interest in anthrax, the Ames strain, weaponization
techniques, or lyophilizing methods.
[:::::::]vms unaware if any of the visitors to USAMRIID
had access to a lvophilizer while they were there. [:::::::] said
the visitorsI Iat USAMRIID did not work or use
any rooms at the facility.
[::::::] said there were not any foreign visitors ever
observed in the possession of restamped envelopes like the onesI used in the mailings. [:::::;:fsaid that none of the visitors ever
I asked about locations in Fre erick where they could purchase
stamped envelopes for personal use during their visits.
[::::::] said that none of the visitorsIUUUUUQUUUUUUUUUU[:::] ever showed any antiAmerican sentiments during t eir visit.I I said thatI Idid spend jime with[:::::::::::]
[::::::::]Ihad many conversations with[:::::::] but none
were alarming and all were work related.
I I Iis not aware of any political issuE%:¥;;;5:::]I which was
involved in but was aware that it was always a problem getting
funding. I/"K?
7C
v4 ' q* " 2 U O
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! '
279AWF-222936b6
b7C
_9_ Continuation of FD-302 of _| , On 12 / 2 4 / 2 O O 3 , Page
I Icould not think of any other information aboutL________J interactions with[::::::]which might potentially relate
n to the case.
K
Ne Duplieatien Fees are eharged fer Deleted Page Infenatien Sheet sFEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIP.A
DELETED PAGE INFORI-.-'I.ATION SI-IEET
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