Document text
; !
, Lesser Matiosi were said to have been rounded up at gunpoint by the .- t
I 10immdreds, and many suspevteri llimfiosi were stain in resisting arrest. Pitched
12biitls were fought in many inf*i?inrr>.'; hetween suspected Mafia gangs and units
80!
oigiorfs §_."'rr:'cinieri, in uhich twill sides suffered exteusiv suaities.
1? l1UU- ~
11.5 gees Trials l
l 9
20 1»'*'I'.il and his t=.i'i".'; vwr ongaged for many months in persuading21 "
public to rqiw trwsiinlmiy .~g1-aimi £?92Jp?'1td tiiriiiooei. Promising protection,
Tggri is sa have smccewied in acquiring over a thousand witnesses for the *'
26pypaecutio Although their statements were said to have been clear and
>8'03-Seeorirai upon first bninu: questioned, the_high_inpidencegimurder grid 0 W 7 o * o_
lg?! ':32*1i:~*,=1;'1 11i<1'J:a_,I*"**=o:1i1?_l_uibzrriieH .19 eeliioo J1 ? *4-Qiillii l<>1!- The trial -
i%*37;i1n in i"ehru.1ry, 1928, "1r:*-g*sj.-"ti on until 1934. I ftrge numbers of the accused
Jr:iégre acquitlrui an witnesses qualified or recanted their original stories. .
. _ ,
!33 iv lain 92."r: in-"1"! at "Tel "lint Tinerefo, 'iPiorm0, Agrigento, Sciacca,
'39P1|}I§1¬lFG-'92h"-l"0 in Piciiy. Y" 1'11", ihe trials mien ed to the mainland of Italy,
llinéere hungire-in of p¬'i9<J?lF Y oi '.-92 21':<?v.ir"~r'1 in the court of tissize at Reggie t
H11
IJ5iabria, capital of the C- .H"?I'i?1 pwvinrfe which forms the southernmost
146 2!ggrtiim of the Italian [email protected]='=».1l=1._'
H9 [__92;'f_r }_ 3};"11'i-'I'.'T_r3:'=i .'il1ii_§u.f:_p£2iori Maiin§i Ere said_to have regeirgg
'51§E1t, ?ri_:¬S__rEi_rlgi:f|E7_frQii'i,3_f:>£i:rB2!iii1B to,_ii_ie_. The sites oi their criminal
5351¢ ' - 54 -
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_ 25M§$s_0Hni is accused of havinq attncired the Mafia. an a political move intended
'3? - . _ __1t3gnnnt 1*" Pr"~i~»~r92i'i that, no tunic fmc-P I '..t tha '-mister tactics of the Mafia,
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. -,_-1-a§-> afaiffi "r1oi?*3'_coriTc_i~1_rw1i$i ; THE scfciup Aim opF,nAT1oNsloF THE i.9 y it ' M"§i¥t? W23'1.lL§EFLf7f3tI,tI#Dléltgllliilif ff oi A
I IO
1.1. ,
12 EA13 T'"or»~*.-'r~'rr1 '
111
1. 'i"h.r= Otination of Pcliahilitgr of Data from it:1.aci.'~3t Authorities 1 15 i ._16 ' ' ' '""' """"""'_"" ""'" t t i ' *" "
1718 Pcrmnu cone:-rnmi with tire problem oi what the Mafia actually is, A _' _,.__?A
_t , . -*4hrgg it on-rni~.u, aw hoir to cripa with it have ac-iom turned to the data accumulated ,
I21
b5Q',;t1e Italian ;1Hth_o~'iiic.'3 ri=_n~i:~.~, th~iv- vanipaign nqninst the Mafia in the 1920's
23 . U ' .
ari-1l1l930's for inight on the protilcn-1. The Fascist Government of Premier J '
.'! _ 00-42303-X2; 295; 86! A t 5*92"¢§
toé .rtke at tho hcftri of npprriiion to its now rcgimc and in doing 50 18 said to
30
ha3'p employ-"~'i tho. inviiliar t."tIitari¢n tactics ni political pcrswcution and brutal
32
m%glO¬lS. V htlr it in grantvri ti:-at the actions Figiilt certain individuals doubtless - A
..-.351 .,.9292-H.-,.-5,! 92-.., i......_1. lo-4. 1., ..._. _. __L._ _______._._1.___1,l-_. .____92.____ .Iu_-___4__lwv316:; .UlU1 ul my .sut.H I. ' [8 LUC'?I'nlng Ltlm PBPDRPB uiatorleu, __
cchoain dctr*.i.l."- or tit» iiaiia '"+1'~o awi crow tionq iniiicrto :1=:~rclY hinted at -
111 . -9.n3¬alm0"t wlioliy pro"-L1rnpti92'" '~-'.*r"l fi:i'92tl~,' i:ro1i;"r?'.t to light.
Eitwqcation That iii:-".-c:'ctton Pt? Used in Vvaiuating Such Data
116
147 in rwnliiatinr the mritcrinl that follows, obtained chiey from the
MB
intl9.';ti,9;R.tlo!1'; and local pr0r"c<~'!in;§.1. of tho Italian f-ova-rnment in its campaign
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1'5 t¬i"'5'3Ctiv-'-' ===~ of ?'1%'i;92 or "1:1r92_i 7.fxl_1 *1 ' "'-
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alt!-3» mri-= 9'5 .4?
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- L: I, t . . T?" 1". "P5!" H? K"-t'=1bO1iC3i
gt m1=>:i to 1t.;v:~.1_1 n-11y 0:1" rrvn."-hnt and P-.<rit.". fmture: a criminal
~ -1, ~11! "="%<* "°.¢.1Op£?d certain~ .-92lril >¬'921"192, J:-I 1 .1? t 1 1d ,
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§'g'i!y L111-"M" ~1i'p1's1:l-'ai92-"? w>:|<1iH<92w't =
"~1-1<-!_:'92'.miI-411": !l'*!*92 ?' " F
H111. Q'1[1Ir'- I _'_ ;1:! _1i'! i§}"!<} HT ::*:mTr 3" 92 ' '1 :"-1-.:"1H=" " f" F "T"" I0 U10 F-Jfi.
Kim T111211 Fla"-g»;<.11r»=t.'1*i'::1 P H1" I041: of .ZI:';131.!;Q:
/* lmvrr W1-""i~"-.:->1: W" n, We cnv of nn0:'f..'! developed in
g< ~ qrnnwtn, If 1"r"v=r'1scnted Slldnrlly
&11<=1n92*; " ~il_r_:rw'-* I"!? -'>. It -5 <1 311":-'11? 1 '1'-1""-, n rcvrve that
mi E-I~f92§.I]l1CF, 6 t-:r";'t*=»- f: " {hf c~';= :1 n 171."-:.', strength,
92'm92- sfa, am sup-=ri-'.~rit5". Mi hf these qn,-»litf¢_"..=' tended to attract
'=92'v*1Hu11s in which the law Q"-"'-_r;r~ unr Y
qfrxpgr-|~<__ "7;t1| ff-r =_ln.-| F! V1 '1".':.'['1IH_"" EV? h"fPd Ild dESp!5'Gd-
'-'-ms.-= :1-"""131Y1iij,! and aristocracy
ct"r in its 92'm1y .92r.'P1t1Hn11_"-.ty.""- j£S.
In t.h£= 1x1:_=.""ngr~ Hf limo, the "92fir92 hart n "->v".g-rd tn_§_e._>_ta!n features of
-:1 t11lrE~i__{ IVF?II1I}¬ll§_ll! the -'"y".'-" rm? ?»I:1fius"I. .".~'-.<- 1hn.=.=." disposed t0 dlstrus'av'1!vt1t£*'
51'
52
53
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5611*. '.*/'~a?"f".-*', "7:'92h .","""':1"~-'92"" ;_n'i_:w1p1<t% 0' '":'.h1".in'11 wtpcdlency, silence,
~ if *=r~.z~p!n:v~~ M m!'2--hy-reputation, however,
1'-*'.'1??11i?'§ i » Yb-"~h' w=cr1!*:11"-fut conspiracies,
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39 authorities; ! in all matters, even business matters, accept awho y .
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r :,. .. '- rt-_ , : t _ , 92'Il a. 1 . 41*.
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r_the lawand its .m~¢¢¢a. The Mafia was recognlaedby
'- .-"I "e Iv: - - ~ -"'=.!,f '_ A . '..
Sicilians aa a. iorrnoi influence that could get things dyo_n_§a-.nse_ln_l'"'"e" ' " " - 1" e " ' * " .-
.. ,;_
expensive moderator between criminals and their victims;-an
'1, and generally succeaeiul riyal oi _§ilB_ly&}1ij§§t!p1p_! -:p_' Moreoveriv
7 and diactplloe, omez-ta, had auiierod degeneration "it
to the code of silence familiar in underworld operational the
E3 represented a solidarity of ellence against law eniorcement'_otil_cera
5214 at on_ E-.25-J1 4 apprehend criminals, and a perverted "code oi honor?[?6i*92 p V
honor among _lhl0Vea."92 _ _ _'q%;b- .-. _ '- "- '_V.=~ v~. - w .r - .. _ I .; , Egg - Omarta had developed a special meaning, ehoaeven :.§_l'orn_ its
association with a particularly violent class of criminals, that made i_t_a:33 ' *
.3 _- ' distinct from the underworld code in general. Omerta became a
ii
A that encouraged all who adhered to it to: ! refuse to recognise
38-37*_,"%':"1_. i' - - ".':;:¢l.3" " l~".-re"Ml'Lev:'%ei;§*i;m
. -,- ordinarily verballae the only binding law; and ! seek ruthleaaly
£113 cringe, as the "right" of the Malia. _The latter aspect of 6I:ort_§, with.tlu = - 4
meaning to the Malioai, tor whom it constituted a way oi litefzlnaorted
dynamics into underworld operations wherever it appearsydé nu , ' *
t [53 in criminal monopolyleg or attempts to establish them, This
11--
a.92 ~ 51 -- t.£52 a basis for. direction and organized Iorme. r '53 " ' x
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57 r ,_.SB ' _U;Q$'TT" ff i l . , .
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. ~-
5 , 7* "7' -.- . ,.. ---J 5"-";*i = ..s'
- duel *;eehe§ix». 3. Forms of Organization and Modes Ogerandi Assumed by the
gi i ff ' . .. w i . -- on .-: A.-r -4" "~- 1: .'*92'.,, .- 2" in the 1920': and 1930f_I _' "'"_ l ' " " "1? """?»=>.'-"--l=-=:,
,, f . _ ,,, , - 2" . . _ ;; -_ 1,5 -£1 Ii .1 1-,I__i--- _-. , .1 Y. I 1. . Q, 7. __ _ -_ . _- |w§'I;i._ .92¢.. H; _|_-.1; _.. ._ T : ',.<_=___T=.3;__ -_:._; - f.a- "H J: sly . _. ...92__ -. Q - ._ _ , X ,¢"- _ . 1 i _ '.'__ »='f__: '."."-'92- i! 4'" 1 =¢* '1 ;F"t;'_. .1'.'l3'.'..""*3
. . __ 1 _'.:i_| _}§,._ ,_ _ . _ __:.m V_T a Ada!7l_3ELfe9:9P.§Pi, L9l§§ ; _,;:5 j '
The Mails as a whole, representing perhaps in the dictionary sense?-.*_.*<-',
a get conspiracy for its adherents were in constant collusion in the ccmmielio1§j_;,;r1.g;j=éf§--V id t .- - Z;*..~
>1 " 4
l . , -39 ._ i._ L ,_,:~ is l i . - .. on ;,i,._..
0' oildirime, did not reveal itself as a complete, definite, yorgnnized,ii_l1e¢nltel? i _ . __ e _ .=._.;-1 < ff-:_._~
Iniead, the conspiracies to:-med by its adherents icllowed !ractlonal_!_or:ns;f?§_;£l{..'_new e y@§¢@s%&»' ""1 1.-. . Jits aégvtable to the local environment. in the 1920's and 1930's, tor example, _ 15,5;
' - '-is
. A fa it
0 eréi as for many previous years, the Mafia was to be found most strongly
.2 ' i ' *1"-.-:1 -. .s¬;" I-,1typically represented in the rural districts where great§8t '"#26 - V 1 i e -. -";.=,.~~'-gs2eet1f~.»=-e;;.:"'5,_*";e;
~. " Q 4 -¢
+6JZ§-*.»*.~--e**:.e.*"er35~-M» i- . is . . _ _t -" .- '1" 4' . | i W _' _ - ,_-,'* __K&f,;92.-k_.r t _ ~'.~ 3 _ W . _ 11: .1; . ""M- ~ H - '5 u .9" T 0 *1-J2. :3a="-92'57. , .7 T§¥=-$"5';it">,
i?§§d _ior easy plunder, .l.nd in them tool: the form oi local.=- t l. l ' .*:7i.#'¢-""-*"l="i.* Above the local level, there were found to be collaboration where
:31 "eigzgidient and the use oi the services oi certain persons apparently for the -_ git;' I _ <e¬l »,- ., : .a:92' -'>.,|";-e M __,_-i;.~?.. -;492j-',-Eiii.- '3uliinate disposal of stolen goods. ~ . " . fy-.~j*- 35 e ' 1 »= "it?-.~" .'-*t4i.'>~¬""f. <;',:92 £-' ' "';;"'§k 3-1'-viF36 ' The most outstanding feature oi the concept oi Mafia or$il.oize.tion'7 -'7? 4-fi§?Tii1i?'.'ii=*'§3:<s--e-~ - o "
agtgiis as well as any previous time in Mafia history was its evasion .- .=
olnreclse, clear-cut pinpointing by the authorities. This revealed-<3-i _-;.x'"
- , - I _ ata 't|%ality of-adaptability no doubt due in large part to a lack oiiormnl » * -.12 -iréedimcnta such as might have been represented in the constitution, 9b1hwe,i§£i"§92' i" if-' ~ »i;.ele~ -, -' '1] -..,~1._iormai administrative techniques oi the more conventloipnl types! 1=;;s;;.j!,.'.
: '1 It E-"4 :.92H..il 5- '.E?_Q-ail! . - at-*1?ni ...res . . . . .450 _ ."-'--~.=-;%;P_ ; 5§f't?Kf%£:}2::?*-Elli.
§'51.3 Er-Lend? : $'I:E .--. "'1':
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I£52' - ' ' _ I -UL if-t £1!"-K ré;":{!'h', 7 ?'_._._,."| : sh i . t *" ~ "Fit: l ~- ~' . - ' * "T ' n , la --".' ' " |. - '*_'-' .92eh i t ' ; . ;_ t_~:?-frtl-6 tn 'l§I" II:1 , -' ' - -j',- . - _. - =. 5 "
. .i_;.{ Z. , ~-;._ -= 1 ' _ - IT t * ..-Q? " A , 1%, 1:» .~- . ... J _ U ' F _ ? _ ._ VI...- 92"" 7- . ' t : 1'. "~.:'1.>>".i_ F ' - . e . 1~ -,, .-_.§ L _.. - ""11-, -. §-, 9 .7 .-..-,5 21..-1...,{Y -'
_ ___> __ V _,_,_ __ _ _ _ ff W7___Q_';,,',-:':- 92'~'__._ ' ' =1.
. . . - - _'¢_, .-~-- i-_ IV,-.,l ...~=.'...:.-'. .:-. - -1'-4 . -
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515
£15
litit.
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$26
.,.
529
"30I-[31
5,32
>33
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d. Lho !__poratior_1 ofZthéflfferritorigljfil/Fa_fi §1_ '1-_:=<.l
i <11 .T!=_@_l.m'1§r__@r_.§bs_£i¢ ' .."<>*{@Ei?1#?..i*i?.£1.X .L.L
12
12 ,/92.'::il:1bio o:'::1m;rir_-:= of tho lrrritorial Mafia rings indicate that ;
1
s115h rings um ' have numl!err=ti 11i?1'?llt one to two hun-tired "members. " In Yis 7 i A-~ ll
cévgtrat tn their small size, those rings were said to have tyrannlzed "
- 92- 9 _..
1390.1 tin:-=1.==r1n-'ir= of porsnnr; r~'.1f'h in the mannor of U1r.~ typical comrnunit " 1Y r , ., _____.V_____-_..__.,..-__ _.. ._ _ .. ._..._. -
21tg§3;1nnv of tho for" 01-or tho. n92"v1_v. ,"92iU10i1§{i1Il¬ ll'£'llS£? figures are available,_. 3. . ....w___.__--.__..... .
igg-'3 noted lhnl tin? iiisacquinn r-rm ._::i1HCy, for o.'=:an".pio, composed Of 148 "-.- v~'
.-i .:. ,_. > ,-_u-_-26 . 1pgysons, appear: "i to have reirmawl over a territory comprising over a _' r-
' 1 1 c
hi-.9dred s'11._mr=* ruilczs, an-Ii i'.|:§ 11$ least $1.: rnmlicimiities with an =
30 -9%;-'jlC1_fI92i ~ ;>:puY11ti.ci~n of or:-r 3"-, "W1 gzrrrrs-:=n5. Tim "mlcon". conspiracy '
l'§g*rs"3<:1i0<i an oven more .';UiF<iI:*. owzample, for v.Iaii.o numlmring only 119 -
35 ' -
rggmbem, its effective scqrw .~mm-mtly ornbracr:-.8 over three hundred square _ I
.37
$13309 in ':"l=i"h r 21:9 to ho F '1 "iv! ; 0;!-nlntirrz HT from 5'1, 000 to possibly .
xrgll or-"--P 1" , V19 p'.*r.'-3 92n¬'-. H _
35 . Pl T._:¢:@1Jl2r;;1**=.2?!! 2-<1..i=1_£m_'3.!=.@§f-9".<L!.i.!§q.iJ.E§J@_<>.._..._._I1=1Y1*$
l1l|
*1!
ug "icho1:92'|",~.lo C *nr!' .I"<! 3 '1-wcriberi .12: lroing the undisputed chief
116
dl'7thc -'.Tr.ur-irons." CD-r!'1plI3r.92r !|'r-' .-".1 :~.u.n»hor of yearn. ;:rir.92r to his death in 1924.
1&812%: lieutc=nrmt:= urn -.1 said tr.» F "aw: lifm Hello 151.:-rrrili11o Iiinonti and Giudeppe
éélaglia, vrho assumed joint. loafiorship of the ring aftor Genn81O'B death.B3 AI$lls indicatr-rd' that Illnenti asmmoci the position of chief prior to 1929. . .
5'55 1 '
'55 ~ 52 - i
ST :
'58 .1
59 _
en. . .- _ ,._ ,_ - :_...F _ -_._.... - ......6- -~. 61. I-<=>;+~;.~ ... . . . .V V :.- »l Ix.-1-."¢-_a~ ~ "62 l . J ;- ~.-" "- fa:-R gar." _-
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1! the reputation for absolute ol!eorvance oi the rt-Yetta "code oi honor"; ~
61! powerful connections, and other more or lees intangible factors which ~
10
imsum tanpreseed the otherwise 92'n;=ria¢.ip1ed It-1n'i.'»ni..
12 l t13 Tn the :*~:=onee oi nvoro {r!rr:rn.l systems oi announcement, it is o
1 f tr"t1ggely that the re;:.utation of It-i-tc!1r'1nn';r2lo Gennaro as the leader oi the powerful ' v
égrleone conspiracy may have in the course of time encircled the island on
, 1 9
tin: Mafia fjrapovino, h1'ing92;in.== hi1" :~"u3_-or]-'1.t1ve p1f*?t*{§B, and thus insuring his
-I 21%¬eo;;.nition :~n~i 2-rceptance by the r-1:~jow.t1;7_; of I--'~r~*'t.'»si as "all-powerful" in the .
, 12 I ,-égiia. No doubt the I act that cthor chlote deferred to him entered into the 2' -_
. :t 14'1;§#°1.we as well, and perhaps may have assured his prestige and insured his . ,_ .
-'28 , !tggzitlon more than any other factor.
' I
§§ <4! l"1~==_l1_-f;'¢_s£2~_1et:t.&;9§,;;e.ae:EeL*.1>v
3 3
3 UMthough a cover organtr-'.ati0z1 was not elavnys reported to be a _
35
cjwracteriettc of a Nnila ring, it was noted that the powerful Corleone ,_ _.":
. 37 - 92 used _s_g_e_g_>1:_gr__o_92Jg_g5t_2;,at1on km -:n as the "Ctr_q_o1_g d__cg;1_t_;fs§1;icoItor1" '
@%r1co1turere' Clwo!, the prestdont oi which was Pinontl himae.
14
11% __{t 92f;g§_i_tll;_hE ;:1r1vagy,,of_t.h_i§__c_1ub, iorn1e§__o[_}_ta£1osl onl ,
U11_t:r1}.t the major glans of operation *.vere4_eaid to have been hatched. 6 ,o -_d _ oe,,:.--. -__ _._ . . H _ _o__o . -
1|?
118
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I5 '55
S657
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26Qryeas; *3! Iiwz niw.tt:~.""ity at mrtf
-'38 .
290:-ts to c*"i:921tl92i"-4* .f*::<1 1"-
30133-Ii:*. 1*: 4" "".i"T?'§ f' ft" 1* H1
nIggrtnin 0'19:
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1114
115 ']h<: " 1!.'TlTHT?I.","
116.§t7»fi:1J, n.ppna1 9:! at ?'"1".'ev11. t.I!'nC.'
"9itnessvs @j=f the cr.~=~»-:=-it of the inslivizluni letTemf:1n!.n and the associating 0! thi -
rwt-3 with n:=.r:h nthm; '1! tho 93jgv.%§.za.t1011 of c';~tmo_1n the territory the "E
-""» '1", *1 rf:-r?ttn'-'_" " tnnt. 92'."< .= 5". "92t'2=i "'3 i11'.!$?-tIF1tiOl'iS Of
::<: ' ;::@~""*~%t=r-"111; -'1! W #1" E513 vi 6*!-'-T%¢Y~1@tiv=1i<E !1E1bv various A tI
"1 92 3 ,92._.v
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I
P r"==*92Ir~.. '21-">r.~~=?>~r-_".=1, H-'~ "Hm ""i.'.=itim "I _s92* :l:]_t1_;§';_ domineering Over
zm:-="92*_~-~.¢- 0' <'?»~.'a rinij, r,-.1*., _':0.~~»0 wnm swm tn I-ave acted as 7
um liven' " "W-H [0*1ce9," "'1'? £1"-"HP as pI'*nn<r§.= <§ the Crimes;
I" ' 1?F=§!_:Ii::@;;1¬_¬:a?"" "1 "H rm FY W 1-e-. to
_ U
"ti 0if!'.*.n'92.s residing in their "' 't1 t1 .
r 31 U
|
N
ll.
1-3
-.1-|_
13
114
1'516
17
18
9
20
2122
23
21:
2526
27
'28
29
30
Q» "i-.3
' J
1 9 In some lnatances, Mnflo.=sl have used murder; the threat of robbery;
,1o "
robbery lt.'=3~.'-lf; as vol as theft, arson, maiming of livestock, and other means
12 _ 1"
at %.3l"0IiSl'11 as ohjrw-t lessons for tho P901319 of the arr-.a, especially the I
"rlcgfgns, ln tho a~'lviC:1hl1lty of crorniarlcc with Mafia demands.
1?13 In other instances, P.'T3fiOli lrme committed robberies and all manner
P9
1f nor <.1.l.1"c-'*.;, P-][T"r92i,9uY the ruolllno, of cattle, for the profit there was to be
21
'ot1§g1r:t.hr=. oywclflc "times ttlcrnaclvosl.
A r'u'3l0ma1.-y @i!;_t3>;zM£>_Eg_:_-_:__l~._-'_l_l_ wlxich ls usually cited as an example' 26 ' '
1f Ql'p10 §l[Il0lVlV!_>l£lC contgolp OV ?V[T !1'i;llJf?"lIl general, that was reported to have. '18 1*" W 7* '
leeé19t-ltjoyod by the "alto, lnv0ll'w.l tho
30l
"ransomlng" of stolen goods. The
>0|%'.%ace of the districts over 1* hlvh rs»- Mafia exercised the most complete
or cattle arc stolen, a person often oxggaatlon "*i~'-'=".o'.*crr"1 that aftor goods
-gm -92 ICI92 I: n-n an 0 -u an
8 .
ic9eral_ zones were well established, most of them having been functioning for
- 10
.533? year"-, and in r'orne cases _il_Q_tf__f1Qf._i.l__I'_i_§J;_§i_:
5 Thus it is possible that the administration of the Mafia in Siciiy
1wsygnot conducted by a fixed i1ic1~;-trcliy, but was left almost entirely to the
17
neltiveiy autonomous control of ccrtain territories by the gangs residing in
. " 9
niggh. i~.nm~r.~ that icvoi. it in ii1.:.=~i;' H19; ailministration was elaborated only
i gig e t aortic-nt relationships amour t-"Irltorlal chiefs, and in the radiating I1 3 §.,t.c.-_e,e_.__e.-,___e.__i.___.i._.ii,..,. e___.___.._
nuli1§5e of infltwncc, patronage, and the extthange of valuable considerations '
26 -ccigéequent thereto that existed between these chiefs and persona of great
btéfis and political tmporttlncc or influence, especially in Palermo.
3% the f_en§_l_ng of stolen g_oo_ri§ nmy have represented the most nearly
33
c<3itinnon.'= typo of intertcrrito-rial .'l<.'1i'niIi1.'5-iI&H.0l1, although no information
3'5hgbeen developed to date indicatiruf: that the function of the fence was formally
ri¬'ggncri hy the Mafia l,i<.>r:1.rrh3'. I ' this, as in most other aspects of Mafia
140 .omration, it is prc-bnbly ncccsenry to conceive of a continuous criminal_;- l
t *_- i
p 1!
142Qgrgation of violent and hroa.=..i scope, ra.i.lnr_than a neat pattern Of_§ld§i_il'iISll8.H_0l1 *" @-->@'-~ 1' 'i'*': '*":i --- ' '_ ~~--4--'» "7"" " ***>" ff ii? i kw i -
fcggnnlatc in n~'ivnncc and carried out puiictiiiotielg.
ii <3! lt=§,el'!v§eienaSee2!_e§satelierMei
li52 Cesare Mort, after sow-ral yrnrs oi clone contact with the operation!
51
05819 Mafia,_came to certain conclusions which boar examination.
535" ' _ 30 -
3'5
as
51
as
59 _
60 _____,
i1112
13
114
15
16
1?
1s
"9
20
21
122
23
_,.-w-
c! Noecogzitiog Slg|1sJ_§t§1tqtgg,_§leo§1oqg '* - lj?.5-92-~'*-
' In '-
4 .5 Mari pointed out that there were ordinarily no recognition signstused F ' 3
J it; the I-zrtiosi as were was no noes! for them; the Matias! had no diiflculty in
1 93!%§cog;nizi';:s§ ¢?.- I1 other. "W "
112 'F.h£.v1e were o.r¢h1o.rl13' no statutes. The M:1tl:z groups needed no ' - "
1?, I-Bitten Cons-'f..itr.1tion and no bymwn. The unwritten laws at omarta and that
i. 9 94-!
Qpaditlone of the 1"a_fin r?uf..ftc¢.*d. 1
21
3 ~i Tinorily t!:' 19 "ms: no nlreotion oi cl921oi.=. The leaders assumed
-Zn ~ 95!
'§5=:-i1- positions by self-92.?es1gna.t10:1 and sell-imposition. - . .
26I
RT id! io*@,3I*-uwaivr 4-<1mi-'i§l@3@32r3_!¥§s22l&1_9n_ 3 - .'- ,, " --1 0
1'.-or! observed: "There are no rules for admission. When a person'28
29
30
gés the tloslzml qu:~.1iIicr'ii0:~ 1* ho in n.1.>:wrbed n:_1io'vn.t.i¢a1ly." V" 1
'> 33 -
314 lie noted also that :1 T-.*nfi.or:c1 is automatically expelled, by force if
35 95!?x_?oessnry, when be losos hi": qwrwlilicntlons. 3
3
Q! Tho §u1_<>_:a1;_i_:p__p_1§g,rib;;:_gg1; qr _. gnuer A
U .ug {jegare ;-tori 0lJE?r*rv~'Jd; "TIN? rule I0: U10 distribution 0! pluo_d_er
Q2 97!
B53 the right of the most po92.*.=r~1i¬u.! on 1. . . :1i1cnce."
LJ4
"'5:~f$92mbig11o|.:s in tranqlation: may mean "desired number of votes."
118
-33.. .. 119
50
51 .
52- I._ 1%.? f :'
53 > ~" @r'--~14...u~: s :.; v;_-an
baa __-~56
51 =
u
T
i
I
621
1
15
16
17
18
92
3
ll
*2
21
22
23O
u
§
oC
2
2
2
'3
29
3031
32
33
_. pf!,
- ' :
; 9 The challenge of the concealed Mafioso and the difficulty of proving » E
; 10
Mriia arilieveiien t=.'c**e emphasirreri by ~92'i'ori. -
12
1?, re Il*_?_£*_<2r35£_?li3£j%l_=i'1@~*<1
%2 1*-.-Tori provided an lnvaltwble warning concerning the puzzling figure '" _
. »1?
who appears to be a vrealthy, legitimate businessman, but whose past is clouded
r " Q
wiili allegations of Talia zlctirlty. .
"J1C-L. 1-f!i pointed out that many :2 it-Tafioso who has become wealthy through
ii -hi§5de[.I1"C="~f=.ll0ilS ostensibly "retires" f[Ol'll'llIl lI.'V{Oi1 ] activity. He may invest 5
26 ' '1 1
in2lEgitlmate businesses and put on the appearance oi respectability. If he .
-'38 . "
axgglds illcewl involvemcnls he may live for some time for all practical purposes
1l¬%lUl'1G from legal punlslimeni, ti _~.~1e**- his past may catch up with him in the -
33
£03141:I of a bullet from an old ncq sir1te"r:c- brooding over an unsettled score, V
Accorcilng to Mafia cu==tmn, said Mort, a wealthy Mai'ios0 who chooses _35
36
_37 _ Htoggo retire from the a live r*1*lnln'_l some is it-i:tir.1 to have become "redeemed, "
aragthis kin" of "rodeo-92piiot1" is the elm of many lliaflosi. _
g /is Mori pointed out, h0v:m'er, persons "redeemed" by the ugly
Btlzédarrls of the Mafia! tend to return to active crime when opportunities arise
foggdoing so while retaining an air oi rer=pectabliity. Turther, at no time will
IIO
thég51
52
'53
'5" ~ 54 - i
-.35 - i
g
57S8
'59give material cooperation to in-.1» cnforcenient.
.' .. _ Jéxia
¢..¢v
'1-
t
1
.f»
.8
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
12
13
114
l51 qr-i -.l692I1-i__ -.1-Tfaring cn-'1VinCin{* pron! oi incloctrinatton in PW 1:1 principles and tradition, // 2
/
e. , ccniorrzzlncc with the 004" r.*Y_0me1_'L'§_and proni of ruthless disp0siti0n/
10 2
L11 rm-':_~:~,?i'ri i=1 zv"-.s" H vi'1lmcrc= .'=<92"!' Hmt of xawrxrdvr. 2
>1
ini
gig?!! tlmi it
.19
20:1: L191 wf 1
2122
93
2U
25
26
rgffiexforozl the :~»7&'::1 F01 Mart p<"rr'n;J92ti0*1, t11o1"m1{_§h investigation, and careful 2
'9 B .
Qalu
30
rggald
gélminnl E'Ci
35
35
V37.1
atlon. .
be;r'| 921.
I%92..::. i --
I.
Tm 1-r-"921?<'?""' :»":! P" ;[fW-92¥Ti":" "F.'.'0n 11:1."1<'r.'.1 FY14 middle names among
;;--:--,--_1 1:! i;__'1","'-'? E3-'":P. t'"" wit»-1.-~. of iilifj-"3 T92T?.i'iE1fI'niii¬ suggests
P-
.~ imvrr !92:"."1 U10 par?/ "tine "i rzivnm 1111111-¬1rt:92.nt Maosi £0 havb 3 -
01, 102, 103!
-"T"?-rm.
.1! '1 E12? I-Tc0<1 ff!? r.~=-cful E'.1v"*r*tijt:1.ti0n.
U
1'? "1-:1 vi H1-£3 =i.T.-_i :':1H-"" *-"xv"-1'-:£?='.! in iziicnfiiying the Maiiosi, Mort
i
.?'=_v !h".".c =~".""1n~, the £~~."92_<i<~ rvf nmbigtuity screening the Mafioso
".111!" ' ."t"rf :j""" Win F '""'?~-=r'i1i;"r". v.'itT1 r92?,F.mr I-.-'T£*.fiO6i and specific
04!
1'~.'itE:" cw} E2" 5r*oT."f'v-E Hy '.'."h1r'.h 111.". nhrencn could be pinpointed. V
1+1
uz
R3
uu
us
us
H7
us
1499
19
.L.L
12
13
lb
1'5
15
1?
1a
*9
20
. 13
irgsntlfylng them as Matiosi. The primary move in such case was seen to be - - 1
_ 10
thoidentliicrttion of rt nucleus, a {cw persons who could be most readily and A
12 ' 1
s%Ecly prover! to he Mnfiosi, tmfl Mon, as a secondary step, demonstration oi
relations botv.-ccn an indivldunl cosisidsrcd a Mafia suspect, to persons ,
1?siigeady identified as composing thc Mafia nucleus. 3 ;
" 9
20 ! 'l'h-'2 I.-ocgic of the Malia
21 ___q____.__._...-______-.____._
22 .~"-wri pointed out:
23
. . the Mafia. docs not hfsvc rrtstulcs but it derives laws and ~
26 discipline from the solidarity which is understood as the law _ ;
37- of the underworld. It obtains exceptional strength from n j
' , lozic which is all its ovin. " 08!
i
0 1 u o ' 0 1 I1
l?cginning with the alwosl mystical conception that the underworld
exists, and it must cxirt since it was crested, it not only denies all *
the criicisncy oi the legal provisions which were intended to fight
9 it but it believes that the struggle against crime, as it is understood - -
_ and practiced by social clcfone organizations, is an error, a uselesl ~-
2 v-rvstc of titre, and an U? 't?tilllal reaction. " 99! . " 1;1
. . the Mafia. . . vcith th:~ ethical inversion which is characteristic '
of. its psychology. . . docs not fear prison as much as school. . .does
not fnrir the judge as much as the teacher. . . . " H0!
I I I I O §
; .~---
-ss- _%; _t28
29
30
31
32
33
314
35
36
37
38
39
H0
ml
142
"3
>
:.LJ..§12
.13
1n
_15
15
;;1T
;18
:99
£20
21
Q22123
-_214
V-25
{26
'27$.28
$29
£30
'32
:33
.3 .-. .1ea;
-__. _-,- . .1 _.¢i=,--.16» i--$1-_;1Ae. ' ¬"'h '
f--4 we l¥==-- '-.-.92.¥:t '- '-i-4_ ... n1_ H§§;?',:'
t
~ , '
.t-
31.1.."
{I2
.13
1114
;l5
:16 f
£517 -
18...,kggzfi,
1-20 ~
[21 .
P22.
L23
:2 .=25».
@261-
2T;_. t28=_=r;e~ ". g9"<4.
30."-1'
[31
n32
c e in general. As Mort pointed out, andtae abundant illuatrationa iron:i - ~"-5-TF§;."-*,t?%'*§§$5"? .-végoua cottrt proceedings of the time tend to confirm, the Malia-.- ,- .7.-..-.._.._ ..,......k.-_,-e---92---. __ ..- F,-~ P - H: . J, ,__ ._- ,,_:.. _-. k. 4! kg.-_-<_-ix! _ £5; _; 3:f-.;',; d; . 1_,_.Lt_£,_;- ..92n.1?. ». _ .
J r"*~ -H i ' -. ' 31.. I -ii-."1'i£~-.-. -9-£.i;:-.;'e."
, : .}i;',..jr.:.>ji. .£ $17 nféiijifi.- .; =~_"- .:'f ' ~-'r~-'. ..Y' "1,.'J_rT .." - |~,.»-mg» . . -' we rm .'-e.--"_|",,.o ..'T.-e'*-e:;.e'==e _:?1>:I'"-" it. . C .. . . -rh,--=1 te - - -~~ue~-ti.-~,. . A in _ V _ |- T. I -~_ - pit" I .é,f_::1Z__92_:,.1,_.__*}H- tr -I __ _ . . l n V - I-;__ . .,
' ' authorities took a yeir"e"time' for their investigations andiproc -» i -~ _; the Mafia without any noiae and without disturbing anyon_q;piganed__,ta_9_'_._ - W" ' - . -.-_~..f 7" '4: > =; . #1the matter in a few days. " 15! 1* - -i _ ' . ' ' . @._ .11-t__ . .' ._ .-*__' 3-1-1 -. -
- 1-".= ,.=- .?i;'925*:e;.-.5-t.§'rf -rt. . - 0 0 0 . .5 g.-.:}=_::§;;l_.-_,1_'-3,- ~;;g;,-igtff z.t -- ~_ .- ¢ -...._.,,_'-e '..~m.._,_ -.. - e ~fg.~i54."'92t=:;-;i-j-_
' "In this way, the Mafia was able to twist the situation to itl completc§f;'advantage. . . exploited the people and the criminals. . .by servingmediator between the criminals and the victims. .:1~Iaturaiiy,;_;tnte"_<';*='<;j<mediation was not free of charge for either party} '" It baa been laid-"more than once that the Mafia was the moderator oi the
! It ZS_ubsiltn_t%ed for the_Law -
-e "M -;.f=.;;t1"This ia how the meme was able to substitute tteeu ior the law.._.Society. . . was automatically put aside and it eltzwlg ioundconirontedewith a lerioua obstacle: silence.-! 11 J-1-1'1 5 . = -- ~ - . _ -7~ e -ye M4111 Dietinsuiehed frpm .Crlm,_9_in Generni l e ll
>'l .Simtailegf, according to Cesare Mort, tended to lump v1vitlt"l ~_-é»e _i-
1 '-;|.t."',-S, 1 Hi _I _ .. _ . _. kyxb.Qaiiomenon somewhat distinct from ordinary crime. It was tron '#39 'tgeguaun organized crime though it did represent the latter to many.51ciliaq
wgé lived tinder its tyranny. _ . -_nu . 1
I.__li_§gte make at obvious to the foreign observer that the Mafia was not a normal?-_ e.i:=foi:;,g'1u 6 , -|___ ¢ 92 _organ? This diiierence is not clear, but certain outstanding features-*
3'5 Q? 'What-was the difference between the Mafia and ordinary
' £3. IL :'; ':_ :7 ;.:-'.-}_-!_'._v_!"".rite,
v V" V,-:.. >4 ,- - a - a. ~-, """ t,--~-1*"
;15
;1s:;lT
.15ire
;2o
F21
2:.
'3
i23
en
25
§-26gr
L38
29he
.31
:2
P33
L
isiminal op?1"*.t!c.~ns In other -?ovmtri~,-"-, lhy were to hocorno synonymous with
11;3gg1ni'r_rr¥ r*1'i:v*-<_' in H Oqf? Cfmt".I"§*"_
15'
15 I;-wry -1:~m_ r}n_w~ -~ ~v-:-~ ~-= NW? native swil r1o'r~§=1dr2r0d speclai
1?_l:.¬in}ir*:@1r"__!_q_=_z+;, i.o., ?rirT92in 92 ri" -'1 "H.!~ certain iypivrlt manifestations and
§,l%r=. :l9{ r}_:,=nf=mir*5; anal to a. muvh wow qiymiiicant or.-:p:r-. may be so considered
22
ggdgr {hp 1i.?Hn.'_'H_y f1Yf"*I"T_1? """"ir'¢;'~n~.r~r~'_"l COD".|H.< ,'92F% Qt OHHZI fOL1UlIiGS.
234
25
26
27 :1, Um iH*p0lt?.'"|<1<= 11? - *">H92~' '1 105'?8 I _ _ ___., . __..__,___ _.... . ..._ . , A om --.-. -. 1'.!.hr=! T»i"H1- ZU'~.'="- 1 w-*.u1~""=
58 j Foriwnpn "w most .=."!s:'921ft-"WY. footure or the composition of Mafia
31
irggupingi 1..-9'1 to ho roan in 15*" 'vr92_': M v'N~"192 ftérin fomllifi and related
33
3/imil}; gl"ro*11f"¢ vorr "'"-minowl "1 -"*"'~ o5"r.'-1t1on."-..
35gs? 'n r*r"}1_$1i1'- nreo"-, 99-'~r92o "-"92io" "T.192ilit.. h"!/? mnnopolie Of the
égafta Gp¬IHOI1S. Ihe Grmsloi families, for example, are said to have '
'40 w
Lmggnqq ;92=,- tn" mm: ?92'I:.fi.'92_ r~v"1- Ibo ~~'.'nirrip'_1.llfv of Cnnrztcsoa Entollina in
142
Wostcrn ¢io!ly. "rh~y h~Hin%o!"~'it*'" n~~~opo1v ~nau the hfofia gr0H[!i R"" ' 20!:Ig?i§,!hl1or*nt»I n~rm1¢.I!,*"~92i£y 92'"1_n' ! nut ??*"" K"- '.=F!F!F ?"__V "'192"1!flP h0miCidB-
rJ; '1'h=~ S'.~a92i"I'4 of f7o"l"on"= " P-"P said to bm~:~1~~a-n a. powerful
Q9Slnafia fnmH92,'. Th-~ "9roditnry arprrrrt or {he Mafia may also be illustrated
51 _
5331 tho Srnliri. #11111-mqfu th" _rI'~'!¢"- "' i'l~r~Hf.1o.-= of [ho r92"I!*r.n8 involved may
53 -
S14
3'5
36
'57S8
§91
I
i
. .
1
-u
?p
9-
1o
J_J.
12
13
111
15
15
1?
18-9
20
21
22
23
at
26
26
21>8
29
30
31
32
33314
35
__H_-.____,__
10
lqmposltlons of Mafia groupings may have been: ! the typical Sicilian custom
12
"lifamily solidarity; ! the desire for more than ordinary trust in persons in
lti
ilnaiusion v-ith whom the criminal opnmtions were in be perpetrated; and ! the
for special backing in a Hrnili-' mystcni oi private justice such as that
9
bolizerl in the tradition of ornerta. The presence of other members Of hi!5 " e- 1 ..
213-nil or the prescnr-e of close relatives was an obvious deterrent to an one M 3, . Y
13ggeirinq to ni.t>1cl< the virafiosn. an the =t>[.92"r:92.tion of _t*'en_ri_e_t_t£1mc0uld be easily -
6gvfeseen. In thle sense, also, the liafioeo with the large family and many
38 .
Eélniiy tics could be confidently assured of special power both within and
30 .
Qétsidc the Malia, a power that could not be easily resited either by
gctims or other Mafiosi who would wish to chalienac his authority.
5is =»- 9u~;l@1:~;1;z1ve r.w.21-5-.=.
<1! Buzléaniael -37
38
39g Fm-heps one of the most rtrilrinsg featurce of relations within and t
gtgnong Mafia gI0tl]'1li'lr!F§" in their pnirntiai. and often active enmity, caused in
U14
zugany vases by the practice of the cw-*=iucn92 of }_*§}1_~_|_q_e_ttn__. This custom called
hfH0%w1i upon the offender the wrath of the victim's family within the Mafia
ggoupings jue-t as eurr-ly as it operated elsewhere.
">
51
'52
'53
3'4
3'5
56 - 74 -r
T
1
I
10
J._J..
1213
111
15
16
1?
18
"9
20
21
22
23
21¢
25
. .:- ,|» 7-, _: gi '
guld take tho hlnody ~.-elngeance. _Another_Iact0r that was oi more significance
athe authorities has been said to be the fact that the potential assassin, by
nding thetirne between the offense he or his family suffered, and the murder
13
'1.i|.....,._..-..-,_ ;'92'I}t~b_ .-. ...,,..u_,-.... . .-. ..,.. ... .. .. 3 K , .I.K_:lLl92!ll Ut ti. 1
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
l
2
2
2
2
'92
w2
3
3
I.
J_J.
12
1!?argiv,l1*gh-wj 3!: '1 1"-r=-~':jn;92r nl"92*.'--'y_ " I r "51- 3 W! '921'h5fh H? :'!~I.I1 T13-4 pnetrated 1 ._ -A . . . _ .1.-,~ q-mu-'i<~ti0n of E1-~92-'121"~'~1='.1 'J_im?e11z0 I3=1i.mnnifP, 11. priest Of
fivrilv, fm" ;"*rtir*i:"1"H_>*1 in I"--= 1is=a.cqu1n0 r¢0nr=p!raoy, has been
y:§Iif="" -j in if-5%: 1r1.".t:!nr'P 1:110 Um -"'?£}T hfl-H0118
28,129! 9 .. . ..
30. defni" Ywtzihml" th nrc-"w~f92";1~ 0 'r'+H rr~p1'esent.w in the Mzlfia spirit.
21 '1 . .ligre mcirféwr "10-"EH1 1.-.1-#1-, =
,-'. .- .:r 11"?"-"V22
23
:;~¢ _"-W: "r_h¢_= f:'ir"r1" * - E-- to hm;-" ' '1': <'¢'=1"m0nly used by
25
26 1 l -
gfrjne 1'92:I!1fi -'1 1:11-°-;< r1i"%q 1121.1"! 3 ' '.2U
'38 .
29 - aH r T"ab.0 F?cr!:ilIr:1 I uf '.:'- '*f*92~.'-1.c.quino r'<1wfUi!R y had received
30 ,ggnvvrnl r"t~1"tlo~- l.¬"?tr*r.'= Iv: 1-= W1"? to !:"="> been n_npr0".r:I1o:i by the Maosi
§E';'1ftQ1{;]Tr '1 !!"f"!H" ;H'll ' ilivvrw _ 3 -' Iv "<1, 9292'hU [H14 hill! H1"_Y 92|.'f'.l0 sent by
35 !,3U!3'5the frlv"x:"F1" - '1 <0Ur~*l U1" n~'#~."'.<~__.'.
33jU
39
P400. 1 .T*1l"'=Pr .
Th; H11? },.Q§ l'3,=92'r11_-'T,'§| h" '1 -rrfnf-r 8. 1 "=l1'v~'%.h'r" frr:1turc' of the Mafia.
141J 7 .1j§Tf.fl3 ¬1¢?»§.:._**;inE; v are r-mi" tn h:1'.'* =--- =92 1--I-ti92'at:~1 by w ~:-i-?1.- variety of purpose
H-'4
'4 Pr:"m*.=>1 rr:'.'"nr=;r: Vern-'Jctl:92}1 ";n;~.rr A3? Uhin T'4'<*FIf= rrrrrrms, or supremacy of F 1' _____,,__,_.
'36
MEI-l'92-Qi'92 '92¢,»,- -92-.-92--92 1 1 ->-.¢92_92--51-r92_r92 1- _'g".E P-.',| 92Ju!.- 92!v'.] NHL? 1 l "92"ILJ'92.92
4
_91
'92
TU
.14.12
13
1u
16
16
1?
18
"-9
20
21
22
23
211
2626
27
R; 21;
BFasc1E.t regime had §7,i'.'~.::1 the > ;1fi:1 -v~:='-;'»l.r.*te l't'e:1'tlr!m to establish monopolies
9 _ _ _ _ _ _ 24514?-34-154, p. 2!
in return for support oi the regime. "
J..J..
12 In 19113, 1:ltsp1=.tc!1cs from Sicily revealed that the American Third
13¥%i92-'l510:1 wimt on the A-Eessiztrt l1'.l'-Jr! lwd czlmsen Castel ct Accia about 22 miles
}- $0111 L;-1}e?nw1 IE3 tln rear e.;'.h~t-11:1 it?-.~=lq11-nrters. This little town was
18
c.sc0vereci to he :1 E-.'*.:a._1Ii:t area. and the c.e11ter' o Ck-ntfket operations.
20
315.1ll1ed a.uti1oritio6 rattled the -"iatlia F.11.ro'1gh1d, nrtptttrillg two notorious Mafia
22 31!§E."1ders an} a 111111111:-.r ut the '.<-.1;-l1 1 ' 5'1 the l=112'1.--~*-111"kct ring. t .
25
26~ L-.<i'§?..._ '1¥i1il'?.o."?:'_*?:'i?Z5_-§L?.l"-F :1_23*-2-?@"'l'*.,2i *1 -Tj1'§I?.*E?E_S{§l§Z{?§!5}§.?i5.*1 Witt-@.*
37 -'Jp1:1¢1tt'.9211 O ..1_. .
,0 _i. I
2-1. Crime 11.-.we in Sicily.2._...._...__-,__._.,.1,_.___H_... , 29
30
gt; Reports ltering out of ffteity in 19-H revealed a revived Malta with
ggtndltry am-il ii-ivnnpplngs :1 1'»! ~t.ro:1 0:.:cvrre11ce throughout the Siclllan countryside,
353§lthOt1Q,h nftit-ti.=i f92L'~li1:<1~ etzttte-1 ~ 1tr= 1;~y@-.,'.'rlir1g the 1-Htfta during the War years
'27
33re lacklnifi, .--.m_0ric:u1 1301"1'1;-5:1?-'!ml ml; in Italy reported that at least eight _,
39' _;lg1<.1epe11+1-mt. Htfta. ie,'n.t_' = hrtrl §»:'=n .i-":t~t.llle-.l. line tmusual ieature of these
142urgutgs, the renortaa rzoxttlnued, It 1+1 llm! l,I1-are &1192p21l¬iI1l1y was no common ' .
nu - 32! -1
'L§1'0t3.Y'nt%n!. arvwng U1-i?t c'_mc:;.r11i=1t; to11i-'.orit1l rigghtra.
116g .';he1'eas in the pzmt, a 92.'iutim of a territorial gang might receive in
égfetxt :1 gu>1r:mtee of immunity o[ n.tl:v:k by another gang, this no longer held true.
'5152
53
314
1
1
l
1
1
1
l
l
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2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
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33
3
3
3
. -'*
f.
W-
10
lhbrourght Iamrw naont prevsnly tn the p11'*11iC itself; nnti ! the Mafia tended to
12
gnp 9 ~1-.- of 1» r-~n~1~+!~»». In the r.s-- ~-¢ innfnce, the Mafia
1
l"=2~s92r! tin T'!>r>1':92:*.{""!'Y1{_; 1~-;~~»1r*i_~» f! n: '~1vpr>1it* =! rm? 0t.h~':r pressure, to
17
1'3>rnin¬*r" U Ji !'1!1S "F _=}.F}"-_j."'ti¬. T92 E" **h fIiZ.T'.1il'1§"~l 111%? 1*?- ,Hi!m.t0, nd I0 enforce
vgiibmpliamre from its victims. Public pinin cm:1.'t nnt {ail to be aware_of the
%§=-111;, 1.11-'3"? Fnrh Cit192rn*"t'*nF.°=. 1"-1 WP nnrtond i'92"@f92nn9, the Maa reputation '
~1211
2' i5'92.:1_i¢ _TT ""92 Tf92' r:"r~w 'r'-i:-.t.~"* E»;-' Hm F '1-"V-Mi. '-» » tr"-*~ P"- >21 In the Mafia operations
26
2*? the 15??-""7? wt! 1f."'*'s t*w'~r Hw 1»~*~rI=~_:"'r who trim! to uw the Mafia reputation
>9
.., . ;5% etrf"0r':.-:3 hi:-~ own ¢~*r1aan'.?-n "Yes? ct?-ninnt.ec1. 92"hHn this monopoly may have
géien strnlnr I "luv in r-!S1r.92rr1H.0nR P.-1'.'!'92g tho Wm yr"".'.":=, thr-re were indications /
3-gilt effcz-I" ""-rn h"i"_.t n"1"" 3-S t'*" "?"" #0 re92t:*i" it.
35
36 "r""1" ri1 't"1n-"~1"n'?" ~ "1"" "-= H1 ~¥' , t'H~ H1" nfia depending in
37 t
ifgreat pwrt on rule-I~}*-reputation, 15"" nu~lics opinirvn ha"! special meaning. I .
4 . . .u¬!0reo92'rr. t"-" *"92.'1""' rFv~1.'# " tn "' iwif the use of this I¬p921tElUOn to its own
142uglementa tender! to :""v*ro"r tn" <'h_"w~-"<# Mr orrnr in U1? opinion held by the
I414
'415ub1lc.
#6
{*7 Thw lmpmtnncn nf pu:l1~ rnpnrt and, 92""n, opinion under circumstances:8
H
sgucb Fm ttwrwo . .'sn|1l he 11 vlnar Inrlimtlnn to all ln92'rF=ti;!f92llve personnel that
$1
gpersonnl ?:_.':r1ifUIT"- r'0m'"rn1.n{1 1h" "'<.I-"ience of 11" "'92tln. -'=Iv1"1l<1 not be quickly j
23
15 J
5'5 - +12 .. *1
51 _
as
9'.
10
1.4.
12
13
lll
1'5
16
17
18
-3-.9_
2U
2122
23
_,_ ?.,.+ -, - .-->-=i
_ .': 92 V. _ _ _. _ ;;.__i;-,',___.. _ .- .1. .-~:= -1%:,_.--= vs, 1,1-<._=-_,t _,. .-a -- Q,¢ '---- -»; - -...-,=-,-_ , _ _- ..-.912-7-_ -- -=._; . - I "".- ,I ~ H * kg .l xe i 1-D _..+-5 Q; 1 5' F, ~ i
n ,1 -1 3 p Sr p- .' - 1.. .1-" ,*- .., - .'~. ; £3?! {I131-..»;¢g*= _ _> 4:; , V -._,_1:,-ii. j ,_ , _ __ : I. _A is. L
1- e ;rh1R1=e °!.°1'.£1.1@'12iJl1§iL1LCqnl11>lq! Ctlmiilsl muvlun»
J.
10
.L.LI
""?92" - ei1e:=*- tie =.-
' , It "' . * 1 ' .'- " W ij ':"7'W: " *'7*;*: W*.4*~ -. "i" er-.'-r P .;". 7:;-»'<-I .. ...._ ..- .- i =. 1.?-4 - ,? 5 , 92.; . - - ~~ --*1 '5»!?!-¢" * ';¬1-';.;'-.-. l. u
N7
12 - . - - - ' ' ' ' " -"~.lgoellnqueacy experienced throughout the island during the War,pe;_-_lod"iqQ _ ' i-ii: i o -
15 ? Prpetuate its traditional m0nOPO1Y oi criminal activities}:16 ' 1,:-:1. ':%;T?;.'i,f:¥P+-%T;-.=§'; -A it -;. .=_;_-,»."l_ ;.1-.3;.J!'£;§it$J-." 32- 5;igtheglotorioos bandit Salvatore Glullano has been cited
' '5 - 5" 3; I .-.-;¢j*.; -." 1~j'i;J55zzper cent oi his profits as he expanded his operations. ' -..::t:~f=.F.1-F-1 = @-- ; < - <-:-.==*;;l.'¢~.*,--mi a-- I. .7 _ , ,_q,J,. Y, 3Giuliano first became prominent in 1945, and through
| , vs 3 n . .§'_ 0- i $1 i23 --
2_u
2'5
26
if361 * i ~5 ;
J 13%
. I . z. 2". --E-ti. --~_--K-15'»,---:'. . _ 5} 92?.¬rI"ilW2-Ute said to have been groomed, and aioed by the Mai ia, .21_ V? , . . . ,,'..o _ M, 1 |92_.I ..§.., Q
- l
areer oi murder and bandltry acquired world-[wide notoriety, H1; or-ree1.;;»-*.@:=~?-"
,0 . ._ - - 92- -- 1-" .'__ .=;f_-;p2gwas..cut short by the Malia when he vexceedeci _3041.; ' " " ' *= > " "' _, 1" "1" "In wv E . f ,., 92 "",;-- - - » - - - - A
am to all from Maa control. The hiaais accused cilia "32»eoi e * l
32¢».1-1:" '>4 *'
_ H
-Ks
§}iis,oeam In 19:50 em in doing so to have revealed that in cases 1n.volv_.l|_|_gH3 _ -17?, ._ » :- »--1* -f..,§_i :¢;=;.=;F .- " "-ac-:1'».-.~ = "_.--i'-*:--i-i-~- 1cipilne the code of omerta may be expedlently abrogated. salt!- - - . ' in r.-*1 it-iii"-§?=-r i
3&0 have been betrayed to the police by when; he eve; q1_;1q,1n_;.;m§L¢m_ha;qqe-i_ F39- - - r- ~ 4 iiu -- e _ > ;_:_ .jg=- =._V 1ughnother Malia technique was said to have been ravealeii to the _el_imiu3._tioq_ 6:117 o. " *i1_=_.lj.;%f;;-_;-;'i=;"-'gliuliaoofe actual betrayer; thus providing an ostensible righteoggnqq 'i.-;'-I-H4 H i '. _ ..____ - r. M:. ' -' . ' c tfY-f.;;~3=.-»*'-.*'*}7*#'it-' ~ _i§P=*'qgrhole aifair in with the underworld code. . H
li6i' ' - -- ii -* '- ii i"Y 3- Mm c£#=e21~_=!n_=e!'43» - 1 i"l3-'-"¥'.-§ii="t "32H9 »- - , ti >=. --.- -50? Numerous accounts were written in 1945 stressing the °
31._._ -. ____ -_
sgllltllliii
'5_3Is:;-_-
5". i...
"' "92'¬~ Y
s7~¥""' '~*o
$B,_<tu.I!
10
1.1.12
13
1n
15
-.iv, , .., .<- . . , .-' .1 ,' 92 - .. . . i , atI 2:,» ti!-,:_, it
it , ;i ;;~i,;t*=T"* ' - A l l
course, which included the expansion or its own brand oi control and thoj, ,
Hmlolidation of its system of ' stilett judt co. " ' " " j -' 4 t__+!-:52,
=- =-;_»,_-,;.5_;_"s':.'_'-,*:1'92:'- 1 _': ¢ .-
, ¬ 3'4 ,-' 15$ c1'4, 1*.-r.i.=~92-j: -t; | . , .. ,_.._ ,J._ _ .$2 i1- § L¢_¢°3@ 2i@,§lcrv£t2P@ I
1 7
1 8-_ In l9*i'7 it was indicated the Mafia_to0k up the cause of the wealthy- ' ' -"31;"79 3 l
Eindowners in the struggle against land reform. Once again, the lliiilt,-'.;,.¢ fr ,,,._-tt _ , ,_. i _ VD.» --}."P.-e._.LX!!:;;:¢.- F ?21 ' "= e -a 1 .- - » .-Etiipported a cause that was expedient, and in this case mandatory tor its = . T f-it
.. giiuvival, for the projected breaking up of the landed estates would have meantj,_,.
2ggisaster for its centuries-oid protection racket. Sicilian communist leaders
¢~ < if jg' . ' .';.<..~- ~ "~ "I,_,92_.-,.;. i ?B=- _. .aeharged the Mafia with having murdered seven labor leaders in three months, 1 -- 5' :*'§""! --"~'m--,*. "-3' ' ' at 1'. ii-P30 ' " '__-_:_..,;_. 1,. . PP: ,{.*',@ -1, _,., 1-, -52-75147-3781 ~ '- c " r '- 1-*13%! discourage the land-reiorm mcgvement. ! ' ' '7 ' I "
3__33 2. EYE?! H9Qdf!éf}{[iifGStB.uOflB . ', £1'" *** - - **'"" r '§ r " 431i
35 ..
The expedient methods used by Maiiosi to group themselves.-tor;;e.%e§i1£'§;;.f "' - -1- » ' Re; 11.13§
3" 'ipecitio ventures or to meet specific threats to their over-all domination of,-». ';§;-,'*?e,;~ _.-_-gégzsf-- - .,. - =. @.-.',,_.,':.'- #7 " tie ?
r 1 0-; J-r-4"39 _erime and life generally in Sicily revealed themselves in hydra-headed ' -'3' ' l A A ; "fr-*:t
1, anitestations. The Pwar years had seen the Maria operating in an l.pp,r0l92l1I_%»g.;;f:j ,,{;~;=-,Q 1| t . _ - ___ -i {- Y"ukoo-style manner with gangs perpetrating their violent crimes in virtually
I lli "1gutonomous fashion. Smash the gangs, it would seem, and the Malia was - ~ " ' k"'i:¢*Iv=
ii.|_.t--_';_ -L <16
'5-5 i ' "#1., ~31 it-"|.. '.'_ -2sitetisslls irceamlieae2§sa"1==a*t2"_a£ih¢uub1=§*<:.ea:k@! eav2aeizi_e92:1i!13}2,;
53 _ .= _,,s_.:;¢-t-._c,.c;i,'»-_;;' A-l 1:-,3,5" __ .1 -."
s"5.- t,56" - _ - - " ,as = I J... V ii Mfg 1. ~ MI-'> t - _- . _ ,.' n. - -w..:~ ~ ,- @1- ST --,_._.,.,,.J ., ,., - ;:92' ._| _ L. E __"_____;: J,1_. . Ils-_,i.. ii-_.":V|92 Q}.
", I 92r' IE75,.,..so . t ' » ~»f;*-6 A i 1, i;I *3; g Juginlshed. Observers looked the other way, however, to see another iace of - 5,. e_'
. _ ,,_ . ;, .-.' --F?-'»" ' : U W 92 i " ' ' Lilkn-iwlhr-'5... .. " ;__.__:'_',_,.'L .-¢'-"-Pita-"In. 1-"»"f~*: L-"~"1'~:*'_' "*".' '.-;'.."" _ - _ 1 P 5 -ET -' _ _. ., .,-_..,.!_ _ _--.-.--.J "...!V _ ._' " 92i Ear-w,-__,J-$0-1._ __ I I - ' ,- ,__ 1 ..- v m-#5 _ '_. ' ':' __ ".- ~<-- -- it-- .~ r * - ' - s~-~_r-4-bun--.%.M 1;:-=~ - -., _ = - ~ M - - ,.-_.. -'q,,.92:. -'-It--r ' _ ,. , __. . _";i|1_w - §t - ' - I _ »'
.. l 2 2;: ." - ..-1-' "- r. - . . .. . y.j ' .'.;. . M; 1:--41¢" - *3 -. .- ' ¢ - , x t ,,{ . :' i ,=* - ' " 'l_' '"- ".- -9' "1.¢"_ ' '..--1,. :_"~. §_ t.'~q~.__, ;_ 9 F-_"§;=r L-lf_?.;t3..:?'-.!'- 1.-;r'-_.=i"-_ . A J" -in-'.._ !.~92-.- .3-2. . I ' 4_ Jr;-_ 1: ,_1 .§,- f ti r = i e -.., »= » » . - __ 1':.'T~-";.7 . 7'7.§ _1 _=__~~; '~» ' - _ 4 '-.l;i_"?-e;f._F,$?:lt_ §::_j_;f92;,§£é@,j;;e3-P:;, ;,;E'_;-_.,-4 . * ',».:,.1~"=';';3»r-'-I=~*:"t§1¥ .1--,1"?- . ~ s r'~--- .4 -5- nu; . 92~v-i-4--|,r t ~ - ~" " .-=-' -19- .1, ;-Lt» -';@»13'92-3'; E-HI; i" " ~ 92 l - > ' -9,,--~»~. ."?$"'¥ =1». p ."_.u . _. ql4-chieie and suhchiete. Nov inthe po;e_t92nr_yearl,']vit_l|,;tl_ie.'_ _ K" -_ _;_
12 9 N R Ht: : I _' . 1 -J F--1: _" {ti iii:-l"-F-'=». ."""1 3 the it <2 . 1; e -.
1 5 ' =-' _» "-._J'_ ,».'..|tE»i_-,;h:.-16 A The Mafia that effected considerable consolidation_ite'_iqrceq92;,§9;',:e;;;;17 - -- s " " A -an18 jmash the land-reform program was called the THO! ll_I.Ill,'_*--Itgwwala-no_§ji
SE of elements oi the traditional Malia reinforced wMmy'de§JtQ§p{-;;* " u :1 "= .,'*?-'1f'_"* 1.-~'7¬'i!;;':.??>.-.-Z. .1?
22 51; not originally Mafiosi but born in the contusion of the War; exti_'__emint___8epI1,. . _. 1 _ .*:"l 1 1,;-,|J,';r;:_p|_-u_= '_ , . V - A 4..-5; _ ._ , *9 - ""-. ,;1_;-"~ 92and, some assert, depot-tees and other criminal elements returcned~ W . ' 92 11" I - ',:""l'
27" ~ America, who tried to impose themselves as leaders oi the expended I23
2_u
25
26
-?"8i?;¢.: - I ' ' . ~ fr 7 92"*I"*?"iI7Z~.~»i »:;.t+-;r;t*'-T. i-1'. 29 . - - ., _;-.;|_.:r|J§'|_ 4; -_ .. 'n- _ _ ' ' - I 1,2,5. __V?:,92_,-.
30
133 racketeering gnd Bglitiocnl preeguree Lonnd itseg_at;l3_ tohave adherenteele ed 33 W f "W " W" ' rm ' W ; - " r '; -r',,'».92"_V.
311
3 5
36
37toilthe lfigtionai Conetituegt Aee_e_mblLin Rorng. Such Mafia dele_gate|_'plnee§. ..- . --t--.
Ithemselves on the tickets of parties for which they had no partlcnlnr-- . A -;+:;,§_@ 1 -~l.*.ll.~.--.1.'_. in order to extend Mafia inuence. '1'he_tentac1eL|g_!_ thgfnlie reachedront to?1' .' _. _ 7' _' *7 _,__.-cm -__, - __ _ ____,. __- F" I Kt.-_,. .r 5l, srteaqrrletorthe 29119? 52r_¢2_r=@11<!J9J!#Pn !h¢==#21J!¢!L*>P* ~ °-'i=¢l=1 H41| 2 3-751 4'1-37-81! 7 ~ e. A 5;?-;if§ "- * 1; :3 municipal authorities nejwell. " - ' *
H53839
H0.
141
fry, ,;- _*, ,_ e I , *1 , _ .'1. V3.-§i"§?'r L Z; '. -'».. ' __"ryt"-I .5 -; -;:'{a@'r -,5:;§?,>»- ,-.- »»:<* 1;e~#trt¥-Q-;-<;§-v 1:!I. vii-3:3 ;~_ "-; '.; . '_~ "3 _fl";--6'5 .';3@= ,;-,2? F-T . ~~ --r? a» . H6;_ppnrently'accounted for, still anothgcountennnqg
-M ' ' . ';0 '1 -""»- .I . :1 ." 1-.1-ft"
A Q, To t 5.
,!-"n*-'._* 3" _.--~=!a"§'"r;r""%
H XII. j}}ht¢j.__i3r_;5H1§_15__t}__rj "me PRESI'Ctl_'i_ '
12
1* Ti92e__-".~.'?9-*"=i F-X15. 1" ~;;155' t .ii Pin---r r*0nBir.10riI1_Kf the .-'--vim of the present in Sicily it may be 1 -l
18H 'l'=
' 11,-.f;'p§0fitr1.hln to .<""* the 1'r.~no1d szirniglit. 0 the existence of the Mafia in Sicily. 'V.d"f92"::>i'
202'51! on-the-SP-'l* .~tu;1y made by a hiiiiii rrneible arm of the United States
22'1."
..:_ . _|
143.-____._.___. -,=- _ - __ - ___.. _ - _ - I >9 -;§!!4-513$ BFHHJCIIL lT.'_ lie 7
.Iee__eeor..oo:,e__,3_ F? _- M1-isLi ' 125 ._o0- » npi. 4 _ _ . 1,E-Sigond t?_1f~__§!ir~ *'._i;_H____m_:t . the. It " ' ten authorities as this is being written T __
IMO-42303-269, 295! 7 '-~=Iégve stats-:2 ti-~i-v <0n92'icliOnS that the "-efta exists, as do other authorities. The - .
29 - _ I .
Btily denials of {Yetta existence I-lpp?-'¥l to arise from ! rertain politicians and ._ V
31
1
.L
12
131
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
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|_> VI i ,__._
éllalia and iound it to have th_g_tn,o_nopol_y_..of_a-drug smuggling racket9 1!: ' ' . I- 1-- ~ I - re-". '-iii"
wretched across the Atlantic to origins in Sicily and Italy. Atithe.L.L'* 1'? " .» - 1* 1 -
lliaiian endol the axis, in the 1950's, were loundeuch deported
jlérancieco Coppola, Seraiino Mancueo, and Salvatore L-ucania Lucky
lies well as the former narcotics fugltive_Settlm_o Sam! ritccardinall18 -- . . - - '_- r ~ I 'I|.i'
,L§;.,the Narcotics Bureau as prominent Maliosl. , .
21"?-"r 2. Tile,Increaslngylgggortanceolfthe lnquitrhal and
22 andthe Decline 0! the "Classica Malia
, _ I-,7 23
The "classical" Malia, also known as the "Feudal hialiiy?
26 A _nu the great landed estates in Sicily, and still does. it has been largely28 1. - - ' I '_ ~ _ - 1';
Ziepeudent, economically, upon the landownerand his Qbellotto,
$110 rented the estate Irom the landowner and sublet it to tenant lsrmergr-§'i_T_he
3353 bellotto used the Malia to guarantee peacelul operation of his lands. ,Whenthe
351
3feudal landed aristocracy was molding the environment, the Malia clungito it
u-
géarlasiticaily as the outstanding source oi m_on_eyand power_._ 'l'T_!l_ll__%I__'§lrQ_':'92i;'.","
in Sicily however. hitiustrtal anfqconafmercialiactivities areAusloreover, some top-echelon Mallosi themselves have become mono
llghue, while the Malia stili operates on the landed estates in more or less the
Hams iaehion as it has tor centuries, the is aleo_pu1;e_ulng angtheripath,
"9
5°'51
52
531
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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22
2
92-
N
:,.'
'92
U 2 T1-r-szh in1~rprc~tr1tinn "v HI of rfcnrse he I"*q1.llI't?d in the future as
12
H13! thv "T"Yi-'1 "Manta w-~.1r to t.r92P.v"i'92<r_ r1r>-nditlons of Nwvironmvnt in Sicily,
ingvi ! "'""'= i"92'r= ¢i"_ '-*'.'w '1;'.Y~u**.A " 92~1"' ' wt. r1|~rt'":~"'= in P!r.ci!1{I reliable
1'1g>O1 r~~'W.%== ""£'¢:ir92 "JP Wfif rt' 0'-.1? H-~*-~s~192'r*.*=.
9
20 ?- l§*.*;Fi'3%!El*¬:'1
21
22 F71" -nfirr W ' i~.i!;-'1"-. 1-"'*.1 W "» fluid pa-.92=rrr" vyrnmid of officially
23g'é@r0r:¢~i?r15?"--1 *'1f "rfn! ;".>'lHr.".~ ="'1.r~"-"vrl bc»==.".'== 92"HhH1"ir influential -
26 . . . .2-1|{>r1.1e¢it1c~=:~ 1*:-I '=wir* rl"i'r é5192 l i"*'*'»."' W111 rctnlnrws V110 emvr irto expedient
ggzrispirrzciw Q '.="».=-yinrr h1:fi 'm, w_;r_"92ni:1ratio==, and sire; practice the Mafia VI
30 r
ggustornrz 0! prnt-r:tire .*?.il":vr", 2-§_sfjj_t_:1_j, nmrdvr, r~>" t<-1 t1nn. putting in fear,
§%Jllef"ln<*§?1*'1r92TF?, rmzw-'r!i:»1<'., ':*r.*r"p,r-iv-"". r0bhr=-r3', rm! other crimes; and
M r!<1 ~i'w1 ~ r:rin's92 r1'~" M nr"";1~'r'* h ?1ind-t!1<?-.'=f'£ 1r_-£1 cnntrol of justice,
3?
_¢8"1tr0:~'1;;r~, r1~~1v' .='<~.<~, .'~*n'I1"~1-1i!.1r§<, {r the power, profit, and prestlgelo be i
39 i * '
u§erlvrd thm" Fmvv.
H1I12 '
f 3. !*F;Sof.iF92'£!'-'-*--Tlrr43
H11 -
:45 "I11". "'92fir*'=92 In ."*='il7J :1r~ ="""*.'.'"n tngvthnr by family tradition,
146
-1'ihn~ily <*r~'1n=*r1ir1n, 9114./01" 2'. r-or-~r '."n <*rv"1rr- 1'01" the llllcif profit, prestige,
118E%0mim <*rin_r*_ :1-W "r, rm! _I"r<~tr.v:tl0'1 to be? acquired by affiliation with the
'!
gyaria 0~'fi"f_92'. "
53 -
su -
2'5
36 - -
57as
§9
JG
"LG
1.1.
12
13
114
15
16
17
18
9
20
2122
23
214
25
26
27
?8
3930
31
32
33
9
Eibutv; iwgrz"-"0 their will upon other and have their will accepted as the "
F3
111
j_'1
11$
16
17
18
"9
20
21
ae-
2 3
214
25
262?
'28
29
30
J.J.12
13
1u
15
16
1?
18
*9
2o
21
22
2321¢
25
26
27
28
-39
*8
92 :_,1
h. I-cndershlp and ham of Com rnnnd H;10
l»'*".?1'f; or ::hls-F-= of the -"w~'1n r-rn not, as '* rule, elected either locally --LL
12
13
114 _
kg abovr l!='c "'=:'?ll .?~v"l, lwu Y."hl - y -vcillons of hvnortnnce when they can '
1l
1
|
1-_g!]1!;1l',}1}<l 11--Ȣ--wt im;--92_ @:_;;<~-v M.-l.-TM-i. Tlzt conaee about from growing power .
Z;*g'1d Succco" nwl mom slgniflr:antl.y,rrorn the fear they are able to instill if their , Q
21
Zgishes are .-"1. complied vlth. '
23
31* 'l-"- low"--l l1lEf.'-1 ofl_<=n or '1 ww ith no visilole connection with the crlmeh '
25gtgwey nuthm-i"'* nnsl dmivo profit fr-~~r=. '1 My generally have considerable local l ~.
Ix I A.9 , ._g§1'es~"}_lgr~, zwil ow not only lcferrc-"l to by the local Maflosl but are sought out by :
30
31thers in tho rnmnxunity for aid in .1 'rr'r!l'<":lIlg stolen property, for decision in a
32gigvcol *lis'}~~l ~. '01- T".I":nir~"".rr'~n to lo-:"*~ ~r.-rlf-.in action in the community, or for the
%-"g*3SiSt:1nt of lhoir 1>r1tro::'1_n;~ owl it;-'l.=-om-o ln :1. pnrtlculnr venture. In the latter .
}17
ygespoctt, tho lonl l-efla chief opernlco :1 jealously guarded system Of patronage . _-
g39
'lih hie t5rri'i92' 1, mu:-.1: we :1 " nrri !92'~r"lr~r" might in our country, and in turn .
tilfgtafcrs to an-"l "==~c'?*.r? the patn:'1.'92.;-"~ of 192~or~" prominent Maflosi who outrank him
ll .qt? pl"f"-UTI' , ."1!"l1 rl." thooe "ho P1-'!_=.-'1.*" F~"=="~l in PIzlrr"?o.
116
H1 ¢~ $312!: ¢<>£*22t¢_1.%_~.£>:-":¢".~? 3?-_?.Tf.i£!3_ i25_E?!"-¥i;1.1>l1§b1ns_a11§1 Cpneloldalls
"B .1.'1e::~:~?rQ9 " V
lo " ~92.r~l<~t_v where an rnln" r¢w=11y can he "iped out In a vendetta, a
3 Iggtrong :1.n'* o' ""~""-'1 f1*n*.ll'y l!'= 1"'~'H .l' ?_V r"-u1"92'l':f=.l. F?-mill lzrpllclt llfe insurance;
51455 l L
10
11
12
13114
1'5
16
17
18*9
20
21
22
23
214
25
25
27
P8
w30
9
10
are same mt-Irv-xrar ns the War-r1 of 1"- "11
12
21§1.11"i1_v 1* '" .*"."- in "' "if "'*éY~"~:":' *
.Lf
12 . ,.i,_1,,;,
17 V1.3tutI':P ' " 92 in "=."¥1".'. Th: F.-3 {R '
9
2zustn0th'1v*
21
¤'isn:~s.' P r7'"'=' "- ~-I '*
-.1"i'-11130" any hr-*1p!'1.=1 it
g'grr?z.f _g|"?Y '_V:r '92 r<~ 1*»- "1F?*, 1|»-»--=~ A
-"'1 n'- 92r"- .21,.-¢;!-til;_
Y5 ,
39 n~t'rn%_9'<"°'. '.?F*I :*-,92' f="-r l¢'?.¥1lf*"1 P1
30
*:'.' éé-19';-*1} 51¢ H!" {jrj-=!|"1%_1:
33
314 " §:1"1'*H-v] '1:-"=1nv
35
3»6'.?COI9292:'.t""T'" 1;?-'1 *fw1"11"-:" ""-'?'*
3?
333 rI0cI"r. Y in !':1*.' ~r Hf H1? MP -£17911",
39
ggeath is hi? r "iv wv
I11 .
'"-1;!
in the resper:t..~r1 prOT1SBl0n5 are most
r-"*"""1n=.1s.
H '~ .<jf"I1.F2!'~'U.1}f *3'.'1:11:r"'1 for acceptance
~;?1%"-itos e:;i;*-1: ! the Mafia aspirant
afnrwatlon v.=~hatm'I>r to the police cpncerning
' '" meted wrw, " t. r~. , having rendered
U
-;: 1 ;m-,mr_~~w--_ 1;---jry-..1_}'w'!I'H ;ip3_[{}in3
~ HM 3 -= "z¥i"»'92, »' H1 1'1-'?""~.>" ;92ih<r*r nrzarrrvrz" h.'>"'.ing drrmonstrated
"*1 -"WI ! h: rmzr-t hr. sponsored by a Mafioao,
.,92 -.§u-92]_92n: [hf r", "5 "goflfather"
'- W. Thv P- "1"-1r.~~.1. 1-'1 up to the chief. If
thn.92'1ttm is irx r~.'.'0cab1y a Mafl0s0.-
- --§ 1¢~~ '!92" ""if92r92 =~. nm'4.<= ink-'-:1..Y, and if accptcd
£312 n." !"'.vflr"=n 1~"»?'r : N1 r'%'=.,us' <*=n"-we rivght :w'**y 1-" wthcr Mafiosl in the
U18
4!52cal!:;. .1/19!1:6
I47
I48i_u
4
9
10
1.1.
12
13
1h1'3
16
17
18
» E
The operation of the protcctlon rz1ckr>t is hrawtled by collection of
12
%gibutr> in! :-:1-1 .",r.-=,i1:. nt>3L*.ifkn in H: 92 n"¢nr92 of tho ".»1'1r:n.s" or in the extortion
15
I-xte £0130; :25 by viwil f.».-01;. ihr~"f:i ~*1*'?~?92.
17
18 1-:..@ 5;1:§_..U]:92~¢1:";92n"_ -".ppc";' tunH_i¬&?. for qmft and c_o_§£1.§_§t!o_n_thro§;gtlltt1o,* Q _;.u,-.i.:'.».:;'__- A-1 go; . MA...._._.*.._._.-_;....___
§¥_Qticatio_r_1_o{_H t~.*t,T§-71iiTLti2=._;}.92;'j.i=>s92.1_~.1§> :ue pri-fox-rot! a1n"..n:=.t emlusively to the ttlklng of
2 . .ggzblic rr*£~'pu:::'ibiIitf;, §'n:1 m~- .""r=¬|~ ,=p'_!"-?t?I..3 T. t?921192'!?1f I3 {or election to insure
27-I
§§31i§;3Lir};g 59;? §H r1uj3'{- [1 3m';=§ U.-' ,=!' _i '.1i.~H.. fJU1Ct?.92ff'-.
26
37 *".§h_>3'
1.29-"»-,3 in t':;+i:1;EE3§"!*1f.', <.f!in|i?53 v.'92r"y, *_hQ11:_*_h tho shotgun h:1r=
?8.
"1 . .é¬{'[ fI:rj;*,'} ,1_-1-1, 2321'? it '- }r',t§;r-'- ? 1 1 i "-.T}y'. '1I'f! i Q?.i11?I'?1'_"-T:t.
31
32
"- .¬;%'io1_I1iz*:h:%. .f"_11E"_l_-L1?
33
3:4 <' -a -ni m -u~u~-up ~ :-:+--i'._--;,*_---- to the Marin :11? of n wide range, though iii: 5-~ '. -< --
3'5$119 n~@~_;1 "LL71-1'!§{_iH o.fth<."1~n. i:;£¥L11t<? !¢ 92192'<I92l'9292!-I ewtortinzu, the protection racket,
_ r92ggldnappinrg, rubbnry, slnugyylixagt, ?m'Jtl1¢='.t. G-?nr>1".'1lly Fpnaking, the Maftoso
I40 ,ufvlects the rrzosst 1w:1.";.'.l".*e: "r1-'1 ufr :"l1B_:l, 9292'hr1tr-vm' it may compnse at the i 7|!U2 * .. -
*3nom<=nt. Thus tho szri~a92'.{§ir:.~; of narcotirr: has attracted many Mafiost.uu " '
5 9 '4, G; 5
@- '1 ha w;1_£*1 Flt. ..!..é:K2_ZtJ;* E151 R?
148
"9
59 In th-' v."'>"t':r11 pztrt of thr I*!.". t of £?i'~Il.y tho frudnl or village Mafia
S1
538 Stilt an irmtit:-.ti~r. ilw ftunlrtl "!'.=f.ft|r _ lyimj "tn"? thv rzrrvttlol villages arr53
3
LJ.
12
13
lli
1'5
16
17
289
20
21
22
23
214
26
26
37
T3
930
31
xvh} 92. 15,.
9
10
lilxt tho first ilwitsz, the olnportvuiity i'=. not wasted by the Mafia leader, for
12
ilf7_:":i.'r1"" P 2%-~ !.'1-- ~- W1 or v*:on<_1;fo= H1- i='>ys< to cure their
1
lgilvo £1; . _ '5 * "*'1. "IlYIi!1§ll '=»-t' .'v"i11 to Drove Wilt n0 grudge iS held.
17
18 ~ ~: if--.-~ HM!" ii -'-=1; 1 ,_2_;-I-~.l of tho f":u:l;92l_ Tzfniia zzroups hadw . . -.¬
9gglld in g1r!"==:_ wr-.1 still '92:u.'<"~! rm 1~=~l~.r::tnn'§ 0IEI-'ii"'-ZiH0ll, though in no known
giscs :1 J'l'i|f' l- or Gl"t!1V ".I"."{»-'f""92 Form of h1.%I"?11r'hy. Thorn is a head man
I u23 . . ._§':3o92'.n av, n L:u~".* F"?11ri:YiiH i1~"*l¢-i ll--1 imlilvi vh 1:1 rrrtojtnizcri as head of the
2 6 -
2Z?<v.1;i i_1r92¢*:~"'" *»f hi." r:-'3 ;'r92t"1?i trxw, nrmi; activity; and experience. He may»92.'92= PK
igve :1 h:"=ipf!". Ur*lI?*.' llxw ;'=v~_~ -.=c"l !'_r":-xiii} of 1 . i:.lf'io~."i, usuiiy groups 0!
géoul tan -"loci-, §. "I' -'~nc1~. of "hlch i_h:~r" in another pctty loader. In any
§?PI-l'.l1'.!Y!i?",~" l "" "1! "~ "'1fl'~ ""-'92'!f~'l1 1n1l'92'"'tr:lll_v '=r"-rzlll nd him ncldom reached
high .2 ; ' -.1 :1-l.92"1"¢. rm» ~la=._~~"-l in.flu~nco of tho _cf;fgdE1 +iPl_nW~_i_g.7,~il_i_:1_. may be
J.§gi11.finr~'1 to ono -"om n92=m11_v pr .i¢*92'-."IR|, dopvndlng upon his degree of pretlge
Ij}%d po" cl. "*.cry'.'.'li'-1""? hirw inFl=1*.=.11' 0 1'-.~ricl1res, all common criminals, whether
H2 "
Wlgaiiosi or not, nrc '- .q*ilz~1Jl" '0." in=1t1Hc1ir-ns by him, anti comply unhesitatingly
llll '
jtgu of tm1.:- r~~- oi lilac.
l.
g 1'1? W I f"~1<>-"> l*i1'=*v»' 1" ".'.j._f*- ¥T".1 lYlf.i.F¥.i"1i1;¥l.UL.1£._°L__.__" bi hL
1
§g"es*ig§<_1_§_1192*:_i_§_<v_11ut21io_>1__. He can and ciora- select Pcrtin political candidates
'51 -
521' hi-H :"»ll!]1'.n'i, Ivvi ""r'n v Ml" im"-""r""-'*1'-"'*<T n '7'-cw -ii: n*I*;l l!= and
335'u'1f"il1f '1' - ~ »'yf_rr1w- "T." ' |_'-"?f_ 'r*
55 ,1>5; - 112 - §iv h
2'8 .
59l
1
F
l
10
1.1
1213
1n
15
1.6
11
18
*9
2o
21
J
M-_ My _ ' if :r . /FIX *¬:iYf.";',v;92r'-.='~t'?'.;-of-fr'.';i=;'-92 ' -- 1:-1 .2 1--r !~ »i->*i1;éei;e}¬~i:.;=1-V ~-'- . ' i/,3;-_i;§'<92g§»-1'-1.-P}i=.;.._. t
. - '-:=1 ?'fI:?1i%FT-I; §§" **.92 - ,;T_,;.;--' 1., "r. __,n,t¢._=*,92,-_ __ A er "t..:. ~- ,92.e.- -$1,. .- " 1 ~ --' -'- -'92:r~1,L; 1 '?»1_53"<-,5-"=' »}. Vi; .:e§;._::tsg ____::.¬M-.__g. ., .u _;;,-1=.*§i'»r:.-».-,, -Tl i»':""'.'. ~;L~_..'i - -. ~ .J _ H, '_'. .~._' ii, S ;_w,.; ,_¢f§,.;; 'oQ5-- rt». .-.~ _ ¬V" " -§~,z.»92tu-it; it-1» ~ -r
'1 10 s t i s
H £9 . _ .- 7. . A92.3s_,:5'f';:.i :5:$5 A i ti. §4t:-eases in the'Mai_ia Preiyent Complete Consolidation __,f ~~ -. ~":*~ ~~~*~ ~'-'% e 5 -"' - - t .- - _| . 1,, ;_;_._-;,p,,,___;;,.X _ls 1 1. k . ,
1' 5 r 1, ,Maiiosi of the town of Siculiana in southern Sicily are ciopel;;.r_eleted§?¢;;;-g
_3% the Mafiosi of nearby Cattolica Eraclea, and of.l92hiiont_al1egro,' t T -_ ~ - i e t n ;..>-:;-c=~=?'-:;*~»=eY*gt-2,1;town. It might be expected front
- ' u i 1 '- ' .-- -..'; -1gzieted for consolidation oi Mafia power in 'organiaedi torin
gin:-e area enclosed by this triangle of relationships. The
gontused, however, and complete consolidation which is not it26 ' - - ~ w/'*iz-l- 1 '-<--;f.{¬§~~='?,-_-~e - p_ rt.gigeature of the Me£ia_',et'a1iy rate! is prevented de£inite1y_by the Pl:0BB_l_1C§_'_Qf_ kg?
5 ii-, » ..v,;.~ ~ L @_ i i i o 5__._,_¢%tq one, but two Mails. gangs in each of these towns, and a,,§:oast§_int power' ' " - n - A ' -, I;?M * 1- T Z?
. _- ~ 1.; !",92~__.;_"?,- -__ I Z 313struggle between these pairs oi gangs for criminal supremacy»; to the if? _»._E31,
33 c ..t =,,gfihctor oi vendetta, which makes for constant tension even within a particular.5-l_-;;¢3*£*i§i'~;* ;;
i *3&1-oup oi Maiiosi, the basic operating principle of domineering,eo__chnrnctetiet?iig;:23i_
. _ . = __; ,. '-_ ~§_";_e*e@ #==¢1*v*<1='1 ?F° ed 0* or lHo - = _ .. -o *, _-*~;+~.?-%:l 3 Elo circumstances in which the Malia generally has a monopoly control over i
airline inn particular community to prevent ultimate consolidation intoeé
- .;=92____;.,.¥' qr i ~-14 , i .qgotelly organized group oi criminal despots. , :_;___§__&_.,__;_#,;7 _;$.__:_§,p_., .l C
" c -=- i .=~¢I.i1»:?_ ~.:.t- » 1-, - :5 1,; .. _ {1»; ¢- tgrwvv "1 the P=*1¢!'e2<>_§!s:kg! ! Three General Groupigge . t ie . '=g.-
Pg " i -' l '.-» Three general groupings oi llleiioei are said to exist inf the 1?aie'r_mo;n__;. . ' 1 ' gig T5 _ ea: the so-called "Malia of the GitrdonlI;_"MIl!ll Of lb! D96kl}'." ff"?-="=."tl ~ i r - " to "..~ I er -92 IAu" m "°*"- " ' ' " I, .. , .1 NF . - __ ._ "I '$ ;iH, I _. _ 9-PH § ' - ' - "5:-. '-" I ',- .=._ I-_;;T".. 104 - o "L #r"-t=;'**' t i
!-. _ ;».r.;r:'_:_ ._:.:.
1'-1.. . - ~ :3 ii51 " " _ e l ,;.57"*
1. . _ ~ 1 W ,'<"I~H - " - ,. __ ' l "- , 1 X -.-_~_-r1<r,- _ . , _ 92 _ ' __ qn-v 3, _ Y - Iv
- "pp-e!g_-92.n_:;, "__ _. <..92"-- '- it ;w 1,.-e.._H
ti
< -. .1.,.~.t _. " n-; . " §§- ,1}E 4* {ll 7-y¥¬{~',n92j"¥92:-,$92, _ - ._ t_- V. _ -A--Y-.1 r'
9 L1 --
10 y W
.L-L
12 "'3 .1.-
131141
1592
16
17
18 . "=2-~
3<9»;§§':;::»§e'20
21"'.T~$_"'i i
22
33--. -
z_u*
2'5
26 _
27'. "
onM17éé} '-
30/~=y31';
32
33"
314
35' ' . " I w_ E-.1»,-;J t_1'*_'=i_:§fe-:-1=i-'_.2-=,=I * 5 5 .- * ,' "' ,. ,., _ -i 2 ..a -"-i ',..;.~ , ' 92.- -2 . . » .i -1 .<.~...-1*? . "=-ti F.r .i ' -0!,; J J -1 ; 4.31% . !N'?r| .
t 92
. ;. 3 ;;_ _ _ .;_- ' ~-*7 t 3551 ff? "§.:j»"-. -1'!- _ "*1=:..= 4» ;.i ~ - , ~..== "-imp -1..";'_ _:|_., _- ..-P . - r-.-§,.i_r*|!r<;,1,_-.' " "-"15 -113.~. .';?"i='.'--.I'l{'-.:.-Iy yw ,. I -e - ' -. ;»w.E§Z,:*? ., i ~p92, ;__ 92 _ , .f - _ ~. -l '. ,. _, l . . i .- , C.-'-L! _.~-;,.';92';?-.' A _
- o < e -- - = -~ :" .,-r;"'@-i'*@.+ 1' ' ' .I'*I?'?r¢r§;;%{.¢=.??§;¢@<=¢Z'i1;;;Z?i=i:;" §¢5§§f.3
- ! L The Mafia of the Gardens :- '-='f?-.j:=~-to =;=,""*,*'-EH3._ . ~ 17l~' ,7 - .---_i=l_?~, 5- _:;-or in M 1., ., ' - _ _ .. . _, I _ ..- . Li9-l;@w*_',|3,~£tl1=£;f,1 '?:.1";éjT1j:31? §_,.;.v;li'P;- . : .5The Marion! belonging to the group known u the:§'§JJ_§!§92_otf_th_p;
92.92rt.-wt
15", .._ t a' +1 u
-551 F.*-t - 2 2 P._' ."t.-':,w' ' *t i":4: ' _v'q',-:4 7; :~ ~- 15+» 1
t '2w I I >',.' »--,u
. ,. 3..-1 -
The dockside Malia ezrtortsirom the day laborers, t_nakil_t3_them gr __3: .1 , .- o = 2 .. 2
Whack" part oi their wages to work on the necks, It torcea acceptance__,hy1}he,g,;¬;,_,%,Yll - ' ' ' .- ,- =f E3; " t.'g'.-"W 35-1* 3., fl;-_ Qat _ver-ioua industries involved on the docks oi only those euppllee
I V I =; ;{- '1'; '.'-=_i",=?,'__-'54 -'-1- "'_A!_|.1"»_'Jfi-lb ' ' - - '192..- " '<_'__"4»;:t:2-litay merchants who have e. percentage contract with the Mafia. In adgition, _ niglwl-;L_
16 -A . 11- t-"ii
1'i:j0ntroiiing the clocks as it does, the Malia is able to control etnuggllng in.. , '-H"--1!--'1--..'l=92' mp3.8 I 92 I-Egret oi the important port oi Palermo. p i
_ _' -_,._*';:,, :7;-".~I _ 2 4 _-"2 - l ' ~. " *.::' #;§~~-§?""5";'?5§';?»- . 2 .. 1no The22Me!1e2@i$2h§ Marlee 1 2 2» W7 *"*" *7" . - _ V , '.*'.92;_- 21
22
23 2
2'5 . -~..-»226hundred Mafioei who are assisted by a large number oi strong-arlnwntellg2.7 . . - -. 2, .2 . . _h.= 2122.;
é3eo<_:iyg11ards, end assassins. The It-iaiioei deal with the whoietsalere in irult,
- .. -4-
30
31gg items under the guise ct 4 = l
ll
1213
11»
15
16
1':
18
*9
12 _ -. . 1313 mu 22303 31:: p A
1.urn Of {*1 > tr:::h.1r*,'. .-, num wr of ~.1.;f:<.!-'-11 ed H.211 for America in the 192O'81' ' 2 * #-
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vieits oi Y/iaiiosl and suspected Maiiosi residing in the United States to c0nler'§§'t
with P"-ies! in ."1cli3". Th" -.'i:=it"; t Cumin: Fiaiarite and Giuseppe Joe! Bonanno
in F :92.:1i:1;u, 'Ticl.'.y, in . »:pt"z'n%i=:r, 1957, have been viewed with E
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1 hin New York On November 14, 1957 22 nr>tnri'>w'a co wention oi houliurns at Ag-2 ac , ,2 717 100-42303-252/14 58! -Eb '. rn» H 11:11 I--.-."-Fit 3 urnirtic; 11!: temng to indicate that the A n inn 1I
Ff iii 1 in E1i=.'i..15' 1; .v¢:Tl ini'~>*-n; I 'i:i the "=uii=.'1tiJ!s mi its American counterpart,
rc=<=-~i~ iuiz, at lent-t u p;>rii=m of this intelligence tl1r01g,h visits 01 American Matias
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to Sicily. jcirrespm-.i0z1c:* i>ci~'-u_~.-':n Niaifiorsi in Sicily and the United States haw .I
he-an uncu-.~:re-1 by tiw F;.=;'2rni I-hxrcotics Bureau, some oi it couched in
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persona-.-1 who imvc cmui.1':h_=1i eatensivo communist investigations. The terin
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London, Toronto
1958! vol 14, p 619
The Columbia Encyclopedia NYC: Columbia Um
Renato Candida, Qnceta Mafia Thie Mafia! Rome Spp.-53-54. ' 1 M
Candida, op. cit., pp. 55-57. ,
E. J. Hobsbawm, "Political Theory and e
Journal VII Sept. 1954! p. 741 J 1 1 ' 1 **'.,,,,.,._,._.. ........_....._.....,_.-.,..._,,.,;__.. K 1 . 1»
William L. Lang, An EncyclopHoughton Mifin. TI' 5*'! 1""92d"' ff I -'-1!:" ".7 >11 :1-I -Z;11 e .4-? , .._ . H;-, ,~%:._.,§$¢ . Y. »_ ta ' u'§,'{_;_ ,1 ,_ ~,e 92 I: I
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. The Encyclopedia Americana New York, Chicago
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tut - ~ . "_,' .J.§£f1-5" -.'- . . . , . .~ ';¬<'.§-fY_¢i'?,!.;'r?33 . . 81 jhe New York Times, June_23, 1934,, * * * - A * - ='~ or a='-.- "P-7.1" =-<>- I. . ' , H; » .92 __ i;_ib':.r-t ._:_i_p_:__;f22 82. Ibid. i J *123 _-- 8 - _ .~ .»-<1. .~.,.2 . ,9 ..,"- _jg 83. Analysis oi the Hearing of April 15, 1934, Supreme Court.of'the26 . Kingdom of Italy, Second Penal Section, Register. 100'1.{I_-11elat1ng.i;_;f@ __ ,'_,-,27 ' to the Cases oi 119 Maiiosi. Basic data was obtainedlby Federalfii?3:~:>. Narcotics Bureau from original court records.! A 1 ljj-'3_ X I , .. _,_ V._- .,_._§»,.. ,R :V,_,i'_._' * - . .- .' . _~ 5.-:E r!:*._ _ , _ - - _ _ .. _ , ..|_, _;___'.,_=_,f *.--,-_, -_ .__ r»;' '1 ' ' "1 1 ,._ 'f.:¢'.~;P>i,i]-,-_.=.92. H -".~.¢f@11?~;»?r*=.i?_5. B tr * I I *' '. A 84. Candida, p. 93. '; j*._i_.5,-f;f-1,.->3;-.__>;f.f%.§;;,,.5};-' - .~ .41- . ,-4?, ., 1*-1 3... as. Ibid. .. ,,u- -- .»
..;:-*;? j§=.g,Z¢.;;,-j?'1*,; -.186. Encyc1op:ediaBrittanica,* 1958, 0 cit , p 620. -_ ,, 1'2: -Q _.. V _, . p " ' p . __, 92,._.4,.-1%.,-_:';"': _= _.,. . . . .r;".*.--'-:.,:".'1.; . 87. Analysis of the Hearing of April 15, 1934, . cit.-- - - -.U.1~H':
..._._ _ -888. Analysis oi the Court Proceedings Against 153_ Maiiosi at 29
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