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REWEWED o|92|_.__...___>»*"0~00 i<
FOR FOIA/PA V
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CG 100-33683
This record also indicates that FARD was received
at the State Prison, San Quentin, California, as WALLIE D.
FORD, their number h23lh, on June 26, 1926 on a charge of
V1255, POIS Act. Disposition given 0 to e years, May 26, 1933,
DISCH. -
Egher entries on the FBI Identification Recordare §gLQ§_ #l6hh8, Los Anelesb California, WA, sale, $h0Or921-0 1 n Hnwrul 'MAT.T.'PT 1-FPIDT1 '|A]||1 T.nc| '8-r-92nn'924e HQ1 'l'Fn-n-n'lc|
1 2 . ws, POSS, Ms1~§E'I1,1 2B"'9 , $1.00 or 1 day, March u, 9
Additional aliases listed are WALLACE FORD and w.D. FARAD.
The following is a description as furnished by
the Detroit Felice Department, their number h5l38:
Sex Male
Race White
Age 33 years in 1933
Weight 127 poundsHeight 5'e%
Build Slim
Hair Black
Eyes Maroon
Nationality Arabian
According to the FBI Identification Record, additional
information in the files of the Bureau indicate birth place as
Fl __92-Mn 1'--I .n Ir In Q--I "1'!-|*+¬ Ammo;-Isgnn 4I;o92v92n'U921n92II>I'l'92-an-I'll-I1 L6J92.J|.921l u1"%é",GI1, QCCu.ySuJ.G1'1 92.-091;, u.au4.GuaJ.4.|.-J GL1-MG-11, I.-uluy
dark, scars and marks, small scar back of left hand, black mole
right side of stonach. =
Detroit is reouested to review the indices of their 1
Office for any pertinent information concerning W.D. FARD or
WALLACE DO1*I_~I.Di-'1sLACE FARAD. Detroit is also requested tof7i§. review records of the Ddtroit Police Department, their number/,§b .fh5l38, and ascertain circumstances concerning FARD's arrest
Q? Ash on May 25, 1933 and disposition thereof, and to furnish ChicagoQ,-If ? a photograph if available.
1 »
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2 -2-
w<
00005
_ _ 57 '7
.0
CG 100-33683
Los Angeles is requested to review Los Angeles -
Police Department record number l6hq8, and advise Chicago
suwl-Inof the circumstances surrounding the arrest of FARD for AD
and disposition thereof. It is also requested that e Photograph
if available, be furnished.
San Francisco is requested to contact officials
at San Quentin Prison and review their file #u231u, and advise
Chicago circumstances surrounding the.incarceretion of FARD,
and if available, furnish a photograph.
It is requested that all Offices receiving copies /y
of this letter in furnishgi the requested information by /
letter. /
I
.
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1' _ I I ii ._Q°9°5W- , 7 3%
8.1.8. élaicage .li=.agu..at 29. 195?
U-68/A0, Detroit loo-26356! _
U. D. IABD, II. £11000 II!!!
BI I01
Reference il made to _rour letter ct N1; 31, 1957.
with reepeet to captioned suueet.
A reviee ct Detroit mdicee retlecte that Ghieago
hae received all intelligence available in the tilee ct thil01'! 1G'e ,
Investigative August 91957. aacertained tree De 1-cit §c1ice
Department, "tnct__3ubJect an __ _ Police
Departnent H5136, nae Ilay 1'5, BI that
Department for Investigation at the Iranore Hotel ae chier
cr the vccacce. mum m then ceecratec as an 33. 5' B".
1.35 lb-an Arabian anceetry, sinister. Io diepoeiticn
appeared and no other Getaile were available free the Detroit
I li De t tilee A at lab t t - * artnen . thotcgraph Jea tainted1':-mathe trcit l'clice Department ie being tcrearaed ea
an eneloeure herewith. - -
* H.-.'"r..'t Ga-tat: 3..-eat -
Detroit 9 1957. advieee Iaveet
Ole D the that department hi 1.reflect any E? identifiable with iaatent Subject.
-m=.:;e.fc lncl-l n:a1t'rz:zID! 92 D '=. ®- DI t '. 1 ' mmvoawmon §0P"""E
e%EDF'|N92§u Q
at_-___-_ D us»1 Q. KM-W
4. _!F
j was
-
DIRECTOR, FBI B/27/51 6
sic, SLR clsco 00-i3165! 0
D in suromnou EONTMNHJ.... "*" D F |4£R£1NlSU [M8
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:§92.92- -.
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00! CHICAGO
Re Uhioego letter to Detroit dated July 31, 1957-
5 195?
Sen Quen
eble to
De SID.} Record: Section,
ornie, made avail-tion oerteining to HALLIE
These redorde reflect that under-the name of WALLIE D.
FORD, indicnted as the true name or the Qubjeot, he wee received
at Sen Quentin Penitentiary June 12, 1926, from Loe Angelee
County, California, where he had been convicted for a violation
of the State P0180 Act. These records further indicated that
FORD wee born at Portland, Oreoon, on February 25, 1891, his
tether boinx ZARED FORD mother, BEATRICE FORD, both of whomwere born in awqii, ZIRED PORD'e occupation wee listed ee
operator or the Ford Bottling works, Honolulu, Hewaii. The
following deeoription was noted relative to HALLIE D. FORD:
Reoe
OeoupetionHeight
Height
Complexion
E7!
Hair ~
Marital Status
children i
lduoetion ;
Porler Andria: IWhite
F3» :18"
n:,2..:--
Maroon
Black
Married
One age S b 1926.hzbiio animals, nu-time,
Orege.
hhl Iount Eagle Flees,
Lee Angelee, Celitornie»
When intervilled by Qelitornie State Parole Authorities
concerning hie peat, the reeerde indicate that FORD furnished
information es fellows:
I
I
2 - Bureau RIG!
- Detroit Into! am!1 - Ohieego ioo-33683! Rm!Q iLee Angelee Info! REG!"-1 .
-J ll
so-I
-I"?~%"" t
He wee born in Portland, Oregon, in 1891, and _
lived in that city until 1913, et which time he moved
to the Lea Angelou area where he resided until the time
or hil arrest. He married HAZEL BARTON in Lee Angelle:
and she was 26 ycere of age at that time» One child
reelited from thie union.
According to San Quentin recorde, DietriotAttorey_ EEIEB or Loo Angelo: County, proeeoutor in
th ubjoet'e oeee, node he following ethtement concern-
ing the crime, "Thin defendant bed in hie poeeeeeion
drugs which hie partner EDWARD DOHALDSON offered to
sell to police officers for $225. They became euepioioue
when they detected one of the officerh hendcuffe and
refused to go through with the deal. Officers found
the drugs at FORD: place of buaineeet"
Sen Quentin records reflect that while in that
institution, letters were received attesting to FORD'e
good character from the following lndividunlll
Hrs. HAZEL E. OSBORNE former wife!, who Itated
in eubetanoe that FORD did not drink, emoke, or gable.
He was morally e good men that beoeueo he wee teapernental,
their nerriego resulted in divorce.
Hrs. MARY BROWN of Lee Anqelea, who eteted that
FORD had been like one of our family for ten years."
Mrs. PEARL MOHTQN of Lee Angelou, who wrote on
Hey 23, 1927, "lfheve known hip to ll yoere; my
mother and I hath always been very 1'ond_o_1 hm"-always -treated him ea one or fhe family... ' " .
while incarcerated at Han Quentin, the ubject
wee employed in the jute mill and as a roed worker.
. Sm Quentin reoorde indicate that FORD Iae
releeeed true San Qnntin I11 2?, 1929.
ilroruetion eopiee of this oomonication are
furniehed itroit and Lea Angelte for eeeiatenoe in their ,.
investigation of instant eaee.
It is noted that the records er San Quentin
Prison ere currently being oonaolideted with other etete
_ ""-*-"*'*-W 3%»
=_-
+@a@w-
J
5 -. J-3.4 SF 3165af
Fiiiii at vacivilla, Galirarnia, and aaaaeqasntly as
photograph of tha Subject is available at the Prnlont
tine. Efforts will be nude in the immediate nature to
obtain I. photogxnmh or FORD from the State hoard:
Office at Vaolfillo, Galifornia, when than record!
are tiled and nude available-
5&2
s..~.1>: m:=.1.=c-1&9: _'
£*.T*V!sC19292Tl,1e!El"2_¢ GAL£155F.1A
U111 obtain I photograph of HALLIE D. FORD,
Sm Quentin number 142311;.
$
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O F F I C E M E M O R.A N D U M * UNITED STATES GOVERNMNT
FROM 2
SUBJECT 2- 1-921-1--|'n92nmn-re1 J-JJ.I'UIaUJ.UI'l
.SAC, CHICAGO oo-33e83!
Reference San Francisco letter to Bureau 8/27/57.
For the information of the Honolulu, Portland, and
Washington Field Offices, as s result ofee recent inspectionW. D. FARD ALLINFORMWON comma, cl 4}SECURITY MATTER - NOI HWQLEEMAMQHW0.0.- Chicago UM -392J¥§ < >
r
be made to determine the whereabouts of W. D. FARD, reportedly
the
Michi an from_Meegg in 1930 infthelnersonlofnone W, D. FARD,founder of the Nation of Islam NOI!for the Chicago Office, it was suggested that a concerted errerh/!
According to speeches and writings of ELIJAH MUHAMMAD,
the National leader of the NOI, "ALLAH" ,csm_e__to Detroit,
who Egught him; MUHAMMAD, for three years concerning ls1am.zi
MUHAMMAD cleims that FARD tsnghtllglsg in Detroigigighi an,fr at which time he was asked to leeve_ 15§,_tr_,9,ii:
b h D it P 1 D t t TYDDB '1 ty t e etro Z 0 ice epar meng an su sequent yqcame 0
Chicigo, Il1ino{s,F1FD*thugEt Islhm until 193k, at which time
he ' disappeared and nothing, has been heard from him since
that time. has also indicated that FARD returned
to Mecca.
*
2-
-I
TnBureau REGISTERED!
Detroit 00-263S6! REGISTERED!
Honolulu AIR MAIL-REGISTERED!
Los Angeles 05-h805! REcIs'rEREn!
Portland nncxprmsn!
San Francisco-00-h3l65! REGISTERED!
Heshingtcn Field Office REGISTERED!
Q-Ii
CG 100-33603
Investigation in this matter indicates that W. D.
FARD may be identical with one WALLQIFORD, FBI #5eoea, who
was arrested on February 15 1926, by the Los Angeles PoliceDepartment, their number l60h8, for violation of the State
Poison Act and subsequently received a sentence of one-half
to six years at San Quentin Prison, San Quentin, California,
their number h23lh.
Relet indicates that the records of the San Quentin
Prison, their number h23lh, for WALLIE D. FORD indicates that
the subject was received at San Quentin Penitentiary on
June 12, 1926, from Los Angeles,_California. These records
indicate that FORD was born on February 25, 1691, at Portland,
Oregon, and his parents were listed as mother, BEATRICE FORD,
and father, ZARED FORD, both of whom-were born in Hawaii.
Prison records reflect that ZARED FORD's occupation was
listed as the operator of the Ford Bottling Works, Honolulu,
Hawaii. When interviewed by California State Parole Authorities
concerning his past, the prison records indicated that FORD
furnished information that he resided in Portland, Oregon,
from 1591, to 1913, at which time he mcved tc L55 Angeles
until his arrest in 1926. "He married HAZEL BARTON,.age 26,
in Los Angeles during this time and one child, * , resulted
from this union. FORD was released from San Quentin on May
The prison records reflect the following description
of FORD:
Race: Hhite
Occupation: Cook ,.»~~»H°1Sht=_; 5' 6 3/8
Heighttl 133 lbs.
Gomplexfon: Dark
Eyes: Maroon
Hair: Black
Marital Status: Married
Children: One, age 5 - 1926
Education: Public schools, Portland,
Oregon
Former Address: hhOl Mount Eagle PlaceLos Angeles, California :3
- 2 _ 00012<5 I
.~_= _._._-
vi
I
J
, I92 xCG 100-33633
The attention of the Detroit Office is called to
Detroit letter to Chicago dated October 31, 1955, which
enclosed three copies of an article of "The American Journal
of Sociology, Volume XLIII, No. 6, Hay, 1938, entitled,
"The Voodoo Cult Among Negro Migrants in Detroit, by one
ERDMANN DOANE BENYDN. This article was obtained from the
Detroit Board of Education and contains information relating
to the background of the NOI concerning its origination and
heliefs. 5 review of this srticle indicates thst the anther,
BENYDH, apparently wrote this article in August, 1937, and
it is belionithat BENYQE may have had at thatetime some
connection With thifiversity cf HI¬E1gan,inasmuch as st
the end of the article there appeared the words, University
of Hi chigan. "
All offices receiving copies of this letter are
requested to conduct investigation set forth and reply by
letter.
DETROIT OFFICE
AT ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 92
Hill make inquiry at the University of Hiehigan to
determine if ERDHAHH DOHHE BENTON was ever enrolled or employed
at the University of-Michigan. If-a record is located, inquiry
should be made of BEN!DN's'former associates and at the L
alumni office to determine it his present whereabouts are
known. If BENYDH is located in the Detroit Division, he should
be interviewed for all information he nsy'possess concerning I
H. D. FARD and the Nation of Islam. Special attention should be
paid to BEHYOH's sources of the information appearing ;.li.is
ticle and to any notes, docuents or other research material y
e may have retained. If BENTON does notThoi*reside within theDetroit Division, F lead should be set for his intertiew as
outlined above. I ~
- 3 -
ooo1sd3%5
Tl1--I
CG 100-33683
HONOLULU orrxcs
AT HONOLULU , HAWAII _
will determine if there is, or ever was, a
Ford Bottling Works located in Honolulu. If so, will
determine who the present officers of-this company are,
and will interview them concerning ZARED and BEATRICE
FORD and concerning WALLIE D. FORD. It should be deter-
mined whether the FORDs or any of their relatives are
still alive and if any information concerning WALLIE D.
FORD is known. If any relatives or if WALLIE D. FORD
are located, consideration should be given to interviewing
them to determine if WALLIE D. FORD is idntical with W. D.
FARD, and, if so, for any information concerning his
founding of the NOI. If Honolulu is not in possession of
information concerning W. D. FARD's founding of the N01
and such information is necessary to conduct an interview,
Honolulu should request same from Chicago.
Credit and criminal checks concerning ZARED
FORD, BEATRICE FORD and WALLIE D. FORD should be conducted,
if deemed advisable.
LOSiANGELES OFFICE
, I ..
AT L03 AHGELE5, QALIFQRNIA '
92 ,-
It is noted that records at San Quentin Prison
reflect that WALLIE D, FORD had been married to HAZEL E.
OSBORN at Los Angeles, possibly around 1920, and that they
were divorced sometime prior to 1926. It is also noted that
* FORD was the father of one child which would have been five
years of age in 1926,
Losgangeles should check marriage records to
attempt to locate a record of the marriage of WALLIE D. FORD
..1,-
00014_ iiiiaiimfe-- 4 -"mwWi imMW,%WiW-¬3.B
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an I14 nqln
UG lUU-JJODJ
and HAZEL E, OSBORNE, possibly around the year 1920. e
Los Angeles should also check birth records for the child
born to FORD and should check divorce records for
information concerning FORD*s divorce from OSBORNE, From
these records all background information concerning FORD,
OSBORNE and the child should be obtained. Logical
investigation should then be conducted to locate OSBORNE
and the child, If they can be located, they should be
interviewed for all information they can furnish about
WALLIE D. FORD,
PORTLAND OFFICE
AT PORTLAND, OREGON I .
I'D .-."-.-.»Il.-.1-CIA -1-:11 .-.-l--I-,....,92-,4» -I-A 1»-Q ;-.-. .. I--I-9-I-L. nah.-- A.|_;. u.vu..|..l._a.u4.w9 nl..l.|. uuuwuayu uu J-LJUGUU u. UJ-L uu. .|.wuu1-v-A
for WALLIE D, FORD reportedly born February 25, 1891, at
Portland, Oregon.
If available, will review Public School records
for any information identifiable with FORD and report
information contained therein.
Er t
If deemed logical, will conduct credit and criminal
checks concerning FOQD and his father and mother, ZABED and
BEATRICE FORD.
sin Faigclsco OFFICE
l AT SAN QUENTIN, OALIFORHIA
Will_check the subject's record at San Quentin
Prison to detdrmine if there were any addresses listed for
HAZEL E, OSBORNE, MARY BROWN, PEARL MORTON, all of Los
Angeles, California, who corresponded with FORD during his
incarceration at San Quentin. O
'5' 00015
T57
PR?-'§:-q._,-,.. ,_ 92.
--u
,4-I
CG lOO~33683
WASHINGTON FIELD OFFICE
_ R TUQVQ
5 will make inquiry at --the Passport Division of the
State Department for any record identifiable with W. D. FARD
or W. D0 FARAD or W. FARD MOHAMED or MUHAMMAD.
I .-..-4QJ92 I-- I--2"»
LU/LO/D!
TO: DIRECTOR, FBI
FROM: SAC, Los NGELES 05-M805!
n 0RV¥WCN CONTMNED 1 §=i!CHANGED FARD, was M L1: ,1 , 5 ' 35 G 1 : II. D. 1 I HE-FE 0 ,5L . EFT-ace CFO 11, ]<%ll@+ rordi UA? 5Y
L{_,,Q,_1iE;r,o Fred Dodd A "P-""-"-"' SM - NOI - D '~ * G5
! Q OO: CHIC GO
Re Chicagoletter to Bureau 1Q/3/57!
The title of this case is being marked "Changed" and
the aliases WALLACE FORD, W. D. FORD and FRED DODD,as furnished
6~7 92
-ILA 105-SSOR
92 4 -L I r i
SE 7
. . J 2
Pen October 17, 957: a _ _ _ 1
f own* information:_r
Los Angeles; race white, age 26, born in New Zealand, occupation
restaurant keeper; mother = maiden name HAZEL BARTON, 34? South
Flower Street, race white, age 25, born state of New York,
occupation - none. The birth was certified on 9/2/20 by HARLEY
E. MacDONALD, physician,with offices at 1521 South Hope Street,
Los Angeles.
Attached to the above birth certificate was an amend-
ment to the certificate dated T/1O/HO, filed by HAZEL FORD
EVELSIZER of H776 Hub Street, Los Angeles, mother of WALLACE
DODD FORD, who was born in the city of Los Angeles on the first
day of September, 1920, as stated in the certificate of birth
filed by HARLEY E. MacDONALD on 9/2/20. tThe amended birth
certificate changed the original certificate to read: Full
name of child, WALLACE AAX FORD; occupation of mother changed to
r ad ho se"ife Affiant of the above amended birth certificate
was HAZEL FORD EVELSIZER of A 76 Hub Street. It was sworn to
CLTFFORD EVELSI5ER of H776 Hub Street also sub-
the abore iniormation on T/1/A0 before notary public
the County oi Los Angeles, State of California.
_caused a check to be made on
* r s for the 10,15/57 of the Los Ange es County Marriage Reco d
period 1/1/12 through 12/Q1/ 6, and of the Los Angeles County
Superior Court Divorce Records for 1/1/14 to 12/31/30, and
no record of marriage or divorce was found between FARD or
FORD and HAZEL BARTON, HAZEL FORD or HAZEL OSBORNE.on 7/1/40
scribed to
in and for
53¢
/
Mrs CLIFFORD EVELSIZER, who stated that her full
ENE WS HAZEL BARTON FORD OSBORNE EVELSIZEH, WES interviewedat her residence, 4476 Hub Street, Los Angeles, by SA
- 1 t which time she furnished the
o 1 g _
' f
Her maiden name was HAZEL BARTON. in 1919 in Los
Angeles she met WALLACE FORD who was operating a cafe at
34? South Flower Street, Los Angeles. HAZEL began living with
him and their residence was an apartment above the cafe. A
male child was born on 9/1/20 in Los Angeles and was named
WALLACE DODD FORD. In 1921 or 1922 she moved out on FORD and
took the child with her. She continued to live in Los Angeles.
Her second "husband" was OSBORNE who lived six months and died,
and then she met'her third "husband," CLIFFORD EVELSIZER, with
whom she is still living. CLIFFORD EVELSIZER is a retired
employee of the city of Los Angeles.
-2...
00918 330
PI-"5!=5-
-FLA 105-N805
The child of FORD, WALLACE DODD FORD, later known as
WALLACE MAX FORD, was in the U. S. Coast Guard during World
war II and was killed at Linhaven Roads, Virginia, on 8/3/A2.
HAZEL has documentary proof of death of child as set out above.
Infonmation re subject's criminal record under Los
Angeles Police Department No. 164A? is set out in Los Angeles
letter to Chicago dated 8/26/5?. WALLEI FORD was arrested by
the LAPD on ll/1?/18 for assault with a deadly weapon and
was released. He was again arrested on l/20/26 for violation
of the woolwine Act California prohibition law!, possession
and sale. On 3/A/26 he was sentenced td a one dollar fine or
one day in Jail on count l and to a four hundred dollar fine
or 180 days in jail on count 2. On 2/15/26 he was arrested
for the third time by the LAPD for violation of the State
Poison Act - a felony. He was sentenced on 5/28/26 to a
term of from six months to six years and was received at
San Quentin State Penitentiary on 6/12/26. He was released
from San Quentin on 5/27/29.
HAZEL described FORD as male, white, New Zealander,
exact age unknown, 58", 1&0 pounds, slender build, black
curly hair, black eyes, beautiful even teeth, straight nose,
Caucasian features, no visible scars, extremely swarthy
complexion, had the appearance of a very dark complected
Mexican.
HAZEL advised that FORD had come to Los Angeles from
Oregon at least four or five years before she met him in 1919
and had been operating his cafe at 3&7 South Flower Street,
Los Angeles, during tnat period. FORD never told her anything
about his background. He never mentioned his date or place
of birth, education,;parents, brothers or sisters. On one
occasion she found an old letter addressed to him under the
name of FRED DODD in Salem, Oregon. By reading the letter she
knew without question in her mind that FRED DODD and WALLACE
FORD were identical; however, he always used the name WALLACE
FORD while she knew him in Los Angeles.
HAZEL recalled that a girl, name unknown, told her
in about 1919 or 1920 that she, the girl, had helped FORD
write letters to his parents in New Zealand because FORD
had very littlefeducation and had trouble with his correspon-
dence, According to HAZEL this unknown girl had been a waitress
in FORD's cafe and had lived with FORD before HAZEL came along
From this and from the birth certificate on the child HAZEL
assumed that FORD came from New Zealand.
'3' "0919
3!
Qa¥a.-nLA 105-#805
HAZEL recalled that in 1919 when she first moved in
with FORD he mentioned that he had been married, possibly in
f92-vgnn-nvwu -I-'hI:.+ I-Iv-um-n_n ha:-I I-92n.r~92v-92 Is la-I -I--I-Av! l'1r92'I92l1>'l_Ih-It run v92l4 'E_92f92DT'92ULCEULJ, Ulla-U BJLCLU IJU-Ll UUCJJ G lJ.l.UUUJ- DCLJG-L G-l.a..l..92-H-.1. G-.|.J.92v92 J-92J192-J-I
had been unable to obtain a divorce, and that was one of the
reasons she and FORD were never married. FORD had a boy of
this marriage. HAZEL thinks the boy was born sometime prior
to 1914 or 1915, possibly in Oregon.
In 1926 FORD, while operating his cafe, was
associated with a man who was half Chinese,and the two of
them sold narcotics for which they were arrested and both
sent to prison. The other person was paroled, but FORD t
HAZEL that he would serve out his time and did not want a
parole as he wanted to be a free man when he was released.
After his release from San Quentin on 5/27/29 FORD
went to Chicago and was in Chicago and Detroit from then until
1932 when FORD visited HAZEL, her present husband and the
child in Los Angeles. FORD was driving a 1929 Model A Ford
coupe with California license plates. FORD had white sheets
over the seats or the car. He left the sheets with HAZEL,
saying that he would not need them any more as he was going
back to New Zealand. FORD gave no explanation as to why he
used white sheets. On this singular visit FORD advised HAZEL
and her family that he was only eating one meal a day and
that this was his new way of life. HAZEL advised that FORD
was wearing his hair long and full in the back. Previously
he had always had a short conventional haircut.
FORD said that since his release from San Quentin
he had been selling doctors supplies. During this visit in
1932 FORD gave HAZEL a small box containing selfrthreading
needles. This box was postmarked Q/28/30 from the Marcellene
Chemical Company, 1900 West Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia,
and was addressed tp W. D.FORD, General Delivery, Chicago,
Illinois. HAZEL gave the box to the interviewing agent and
the same is being retained in the Los Angeles file in instant
case.
HAZEL advised she corresponded with FORD from 1929
to 1932. All of her letters were addressed to him care of
General Deliveryvin either Chicago, Illinois or Detroit, Michigan.
She correspondediwith FORD on an average of once or twice a
year. She tried to get FORD to send money for the support of
the child. HAZEL recalls that when FORD did write he said he
had no money to send.
-4-
00020
39.3
.I!HlIQ-ILA 105-4805
HAZEL advised that FORD never had any unusual
political, economic, social or religious beliefs, and that
he had never indicated any interest in such things.
Mr. and Mrs. EVELSIZER are leaving Los Angeles on
10/21/57 for a winter vacation in trailer parks in Florida.
They will return to Los Angeles on 4/15/58. In the interim
they can be contacted through P.O. Box 4255H, York Station,
Los Angeles 42, California. ;
Enclosed with this airtel to Richmond is a copy of
relet. '
LEADS
Copies of this airtel are being furnished to Detroit,
Honolulu and San Francisco for their information in view of
the pending investigation in those offices.
PORTLAND OFFICE _
will check marriage records in an effort to locate
a marriage for FORD sometime prior to 1914 or 1915.
RICHMOND OFFICE
will contact the Marcellene Chemical Company, 1900
west Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia, and obtain any background
information they may nave concerning the subject, noting that
they were in contact with him on A/28/30 and that he was
allegedly selling doctors' supplies during that period.
WASHINGTON rists ORFICE f
will check INS records for any information concerning
the subject, noting that he allegedly came from New Zealand,
RUG. '
1
I
_5_ 00021
3°73
c :~:§w&u1 ~a@¢e +¢s ~ -- "y»<4~; . ¥R$?*¢ ;iii*A§i.c ia i czar - l ' ~ sot ~_ K1 op-=>#1" ,. :7: --6? ' I ; .231?-' - J 1 * ,5»? "':'?;'- 3 i" r V I '- ' ' - ,1 =1 ,s, ..r t- _ ._ <.A J __ , .e__¢_ ._ __ J to ,i W ~ ~ A to - or21' -.,='=.'*LfI"'-."_ 4 _ " ' r "- ___ '1' ' #1.I _ -n..|i..1~__;;;H I _=_.;..--- - ,_ c -w-_,--=2!-flj.-,_
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= , _-._ 1__- V Fmicron, m ' l 10/in/57 :;
'- sac, sue FRANCISCO 00-x !
ma. mm __ H
5:4-rm _ T OD Chicago! . '
Re Sen Francisco letter to Bureau B/27/57, and w
Chlcego letter to Bureau, 10/3/57¢
92
' - Q1 19/ll/57 ldentlflcatlon Oftlcer, |='Guidance and Receptlon lfcrnle Medical r lllty, vacevllle, California made avallahle to sl e O ~photograph of HALL? D. FORD, 5QI%23lk, which pho tated 1*
IQ; "taken In June l926 when the ubJect. was realved at the ' -_
. reception center. '
¢
stated that hls rrccrds indicate that the ;5ubJect was !m.ed in Detrolt, Michigan. ihelr number Q5133 . 5
cha r 1 :1 u . 92. l V * ~ on rge o nvee ca on _sugges ed 6§ 92 Ge,the _ authorities night have a more recent photograph -
01 [the 8ubJect. The aforementioned photograph is enclosed _< c
L -Qilcago o_1'flces_ - :ZI3'¢ .. 7; in ;__;"
." R On 1e/9/57. m ecores Section, San l
Quentin Prison advlsed that records contain no
Les Aagelee addressee for MARY RRCIIN or PEARL HORTON. The
only address contained in the San Quentin le _tor HAZEL
OSBORNE, nee -BARTON, was llsted as M01 Mount Eagle Place, 7Les Angeles, C-alltornlas -
an " P - L552 ALL mfonwmoa com
. - sDETROIT or-'F1c:£
AT DETROIT. MICHIGAN
illl attempt to locate through the les or the Detrolt i
PD under PD f1;5l3B a more recent-plograph of the Subject. Z '"- 5
_ RL'C- -
2- alien ' q
- 10 1 H ' ,. 5" f __n é Fit-:3: M ! _ x 5/ /5' "5 2'" ""'" T '
yes Qngeles __ _ __ ____ " 2 - San frenclscc 00-31356} /"I25-Z9l63} F Vl.l'llllllul" é6t}[{ _F___ " ' '_ " " L -_
__~ ___________,_,._._-
00922 ii: '3 i '1
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1 II. 0. I-an ran. 0 mmmmmcomuua - 0 92 ,an -» nor ' 0 - 0 HE!
00: _,l'-$10100 _ -1-~»-=-92---=-»*===I|i
' _ Bun Francine lott-or ta Dana innmt caption '3*> L-*==0/13/' 00001:;-' an I-!'¥1§O§Il'O intaat" :1 . "0 igflwlgiln 1 an 0 I pap on
J
lofnronood Ian Pr-mains» uw» at: out a load
for the Detroit Office to locate a filo at the Detroit201100 licpnagtlnnt an Bl-pilbnill individual man Detroit .
F3 Ha. u,513u iii an i?-iiiiai $tl,i5%i-1-'5. i i-saint ihakagra-;-;'a
of the Subject. 0'
For the info:-as he Buroqu and San Francisco,m4nm1£._19S7. I° lI =Ii1I'<! 1'1"»! Pltvvlllv
nr than lab ct D0£I'01t T5116! Di iln, I R, ll, Dotroit PD Io. £538, In snorted 25,-
1933 57 that thpartnnnt for innltigltion at the Praynoriuni as nu: _¢r tho 7006000. =|-nun nu than dnacribod .
0.; 140 3_!;"5',8'= 1-35. LL-an '.A_=11;i.n.p. _I=;92.1_1ea..=!'!= e!I.lQQt_L.L92
gin-0 mi ninintu-.i Io dinpouiticn spun-ad and no
hr dllila In-0 lfiillbll from the Gaps:-taunt
£1100. A phoiog"npb_ or tho lubjoct was lbtainod from the
gffoit Polio: Dopgfhgonf mdkngkfgrwudzd to its Ehicaga
IIIILBI; 1. II uqibu Bali tut uiqgrupu III can sasun.: =1» ma;-3"?» 193:. W i
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not In Gm ¢I.i'%*'N~'
1-an-1500:0100
;,.l 0 _ Q .. ,"7@ 3K6 '
Filed
92.-<
$
évc i 2%-2060? I-I-Jr A
1
O F F I C E M E M O R A N D U M UNITED STATES GO92IER19211 I_EHI
TO = DIRECTOR, FBI DATE: /6%;Q/57
FROM = ssc, CI-IIGAG too-33663!
SUBJECT: "cssncsra" " Q
WALLACE no FORD, was., P
w; D. Far , "Allah", ALLlNFORMAT|ONCON_T]92|NEO _=_____M0h&I1il1B.d Ali, Fred Dodd, HEREIN! LJN£LASS¥%Wali Far ad, Wallace Farad, DAT YW, D. F raud, wsllei Ford, -as |q£@Wsli Mohammad, F. Mohammad_A1i, "
Farr ad, Mohammad
SECURI/TY MATTER -ZNOI
OO - Qhicago
I
Re Chicago letter to Director dated October 3,
1957, Los Angeles airtel to Director dated October 18, 1957.
The title of this case is being marked "Changed"
to list the subject's true name_as WALLACE DON FORD and
to include all aliases by which he has been known. This
name and list of aliases was obtained from a review of the
Chicago files, however, documentation for each of the above
-aliases is not being included in this letter.
- r
The subject shall be referred to hereafter in
this letter as W. D. FARD. ' -
- Bureau REGISTERED!
- Baltimore REGISTERED!
- Detroit 00-26356! sssxswsmn!- Portland ?REGISTERED! qM,__7/- Richmond. Info! REGISTERED! / --
- Washington Field REGISTERED! _" f - r
- Chica o //;~'. /1 --
92>.l»<#*", O55i-92+m3t*m~%Zfiz°L
ID -6603. Page M ofkcsly nterv
MW CG 100-33683
For the information of Baltimore, the following
information concerning the Nation of Islam is being supplied:
According to the speeches andiwritings of ELIJAH
MUHAMMAD, the National leader of the NOI, "Allah" came to
Detroit, Michigan, from Mecca in 1930, in the person of
one W. D. FAED, and taught MUHAMMAD for three years concerning
Islam. MUHAMMAD claims that FARD taught Islam in Detroit,
Michigan from 1930 until 1933, at which time he was asked .
to leave Detroit by the Detroit Police Department. He
subsequently came to Chicago, Illinois, where he taught -
Islam until l93h, at which time he disappeared and nothing
has been heard from him since. MUHAMMAD has indicated that
FARD returned to Mecca. In the current philosophy of the
NOI, W. D. FARD is referred to as the founder of the NOI
and the Savior of the "so-called" Negro.
" was obtained from a =___492
The Moorish Science Temple of America MSTA! ;flourished in Chicago in the late 1920's under the leadership
of a Negro calling himself NOBLE DREW ALI. During world 1,war II the Bureau conducted extensive investigation of J =
the MSTA because of_the possibilities of Japanese influence,Y
in that organization. /f _, .
is f/_9292
to the report of SA 16, 19L;3,"-.,_-
at Detroit entitled was., ET AL;
INTERNAL SECURITY DITION;
OVERTHROW OR DESTRUCTION OF , DetroThe following infer
review of Chicago files:
The attent it Divi
e ro t, Mi
-advised of the mews Temple
_ 2 92
an-I
%~Zfpq on an individual named NAKA NAKANE, wa., Satakata Tak ashi.__é Gad
Detroit should further refer to the report f SA §§5D4~
k
4', t-,..,...--;a_ .._ - _ _
cs 100 53683/Q
We
Pontiac, Michigan. several
years previously an
whom he believed toAccording
individual by ARD phoneti
be an Algerian, was instruetal in
having many members leave the MSTA and affiliate themselves
with a group which he referred to as "Mooselems".C}s
A1,...-. 4-L... fL92-In.-....». r"92-D-P-I1-ah -I... -Q-H-. v-.4-as-I-.~~---T,92-. A4 .-. fl "3L§U UHU UHLU5U ULLLUU LS in PUSSUUULUH UL H U"Q
report dated December 30, 1950, at Detroit, Michigan, which
reflects that in 1930 a man calling himself W. D. FARD took
over a group of Negroes which-had been organized by another
Negro named NOBLE D. OLLIE. W. D. FARD is reported,tgLpe_
' the or aniger of both the NQI andzangorgani§ati9n_knownas thegfevelopnent of Our Own,"
; The Chicago Division is also in possession of an
ONI report dated October 13, l9h2, which lists one ABDUL
MUHAMMAD, _a "first officer" of the NOI in Detroit, as
having been the host of one SATAKATA TAKAHASHI, founder
of the Japanese "Black Dragon Society". Apparently,
id d t th r in Detroit TAKAHASHI and ABDUL MUHAMM%D res e oge e
in the early 1 . In is connection, the attention
of the Detroit Division is directed to their file 62-[O9
d ted March_}Q, l9hO,_gt Detroit in this ca _
report reflects that NEKKNE was instrumental in the formatioof an organization known as the "Development of pug ownt,@;2$?;i7
Page S8 in this report reflects that on June 29, 1939,
TAKAHASHI was arrested for illegal entry and attempted
bribery of United States Imigration inspector. Upon
interview by a Bureau Agent following his conviction for
bribery, TAKAHASHI stated that in 1930 in Tacoma, Washington,he became acquginted with a Negro Minister, JOHN WHITE.
Upon going to etroit from Tacoma, in the early 1930's,
TAKAHASHI contacted one ABDUL MUHAMMAD because MUHAMMAD
had written WHITE requesting that a Japanese work among
' 3 ' 00026
??" IIvi
CG 100-33683
resided with MUHAMMAD /93:53
a fraud Page 60the Negroes in Detroit. TAKAHASHI
but left because he considered him , ,of this report reflects that ABDUL D is deceased, QQ' 7077
h s n ormat on. c ' " -
.1-4' """',_lV7.H
Th i f th D t i i i f e attent on o e e ro t Divis on s urther
directed to Detroit ile number 100-§ZBl and to the reportlH_.»;:*,tl{-of and dated October 27, 19u2, at
~ Detroit entitled FOREIGN INSPIRED AGITATION AMONG THEéC7 ~ AMERICAN NEGROES IN THE DETROIT DIVISION". Page 5 of
this report reflects that on September 9, 19b2, onelmfou APPACANIS was intervie ed at Detroit by SAs/ow I ch time ht tttttd
that e was National Executive Secretary of the organization
known as the "Development of Our Own". APPACANIS joined
the organization in about 1935, when it was under the
leadership of one MUHAMMAD, who died in about 1935. APPACANIS
stated that MUHAMAD's wife, after his death, had told
him that MUHAMMAD had taken one SATAKATA TAKAEASHI into
his home when TAKAHASHI was ill at which time TAKAHASHI
learned the principles of MUHAMAD's organization and
when he was wel1,approached* MUHAMAD, with the thought
in mind _ ' that the two of them.could utilize the
organization to make a great deal of money. MUHAMMAD's
wife related that QUHAMMAD refused this approach.
A copy of thisfletter is being directed to the
Richmond Division~for information inasmuch as investigation
is presently pending in that Division.
Request of Bureauif The Bureau is requested to review their indices
and furnish Chicago with all information appearing concerning
the subject under the known aliases listed in the title
of this letter. In view of the implications furnished in
this letter that W, D. FARD may possibly have been instrumental
_ u -
00027 377
- ---- - ~ ----~--..--l --92.a.,..__._ |.A - --. . ..,__,..___..,_,,_,,.,,_.,,,_,_,_.,_._,,_;.. _, ____ _= _ _hEV1Q%_%52Q_lg_5Q1D88RB_83X1R5;F-%uE§%%¬_I§_!6wn'TUP 3 -~%ft i i * " my ---- ~
"Fxi
4,.Iav- .... .. .1 _- -
l
Q92
CG 100-33683
in the founding of the organization known as the "Development
of Our Own , the Bureau is requested to consider having our -Attache at Tokyo determine if NAKANE, who was reported g//'deported from the United States to Japan, is still alive/@J=4£ 1717
and if so to interview him for-any information he might
possess concerning W. D. FARD.
§n§19v§1s9Peg1les_sds i
Ehe_Baltimore Division
will check the files of G-2 for all information
appearing concerning H. D. FARD and especially for anyinformation appearing concerning his founding of the NOI
and the "Development of Our Own. If the source of the
information appearing in the G-2 report dated December 30,
1950 at Detroit, mentioned above, is shown, should determine
if that source is available and be contacted by the Bureau.
The_Detroit Division
Will attempt to
who was reported in l9h3
MSTA Temple at Pontiac, Michigan. I
located, he should-be thoroughly int information
he possesses concerning the fact that one FARD led a schism
from the MSTA. He should be shown a hotograph of W. D. FARD,Detroit Police Department Number h5l3g, to determine if
this is the person that led the schism from the MSTA.
0; -5-
00028
L; to
i
'91 !,7c co 100-33683 92 1
The Detroit ivision should thoroughly review
their file on SATAKATA TAKAHASHI to determine if the ABDUL .
1&3W- Dd-;FF'D ind e1=I";*?1Y1P_1= .lTlYT=?15.eiI'_s furjthei this gasp-II:
MUHAT"9TI I£TD_wandit9§9 d1oqa_te_1:hensmz.nce.a@,t,he. info_r;1la_g ion
ind ic'atin'g th_atWA}§DIlL Mmgluoazggggqiea in .-.=1p_ insane 0 f92aA"l~"
'7 to locate thegQQ§HA APPACANI§kmention9dgingpnis letter f /and, if they are aBle t5 l5Eate him, he should4B§9iterviewed
-1" for all information he possesses concerning MEHAMMADJ g2k_
ShQQlQ_hB~8h0Nn-8~PhQLQ5§§EQmQf W.mQ._Eg5Qtomdeterm;ne if
W,_Q.nEARD-is_identigal;gith MUHEHMAD. In this connectihn
it is noted that the Detroit 5ffIE¬_i§s formerly office of
origin in the investigation of the organization known as
the Dejglgpmentnn£_Qgr Oyn", Detgqit Qff1ce_§hpgld rgyiew
this file to det§rmin§:1Y W. D. FARD es_a§§§gllj;}nstrumentalin:§§§;§n§§ngiof this Ergatiatreh asgasgrggorted*in tHe§§{5a1.§°V° IY1§_1'iti°_11°d?§*9l1QP-Qi WW whmw % n' Vt -,
The Portland Division "' Z
Reference is made to the lead set forth to the
Division in referenced Los Angeles airtel. The
Division is requested to attempt to locate a
for W. D. HARD sometime prior to l9lh, and to
birth of a male child born to FARD sometime prior
to 191M. In this connection, it should be noted that
referenced airtel reflects that W. D. FARD may have used
the name FRED DODD and may have lived at Salem, Oregon.
If any information concerning W. D. FARD's marriage or
the birth of his child is located, Portland should conduct
logical investigation to locate the former wife and the
child and then should interview them for any information
they may possess concerning W. D. FARD.
TPortland
Portland
marriage
locate a
-5-3 aMUHAMMAD mentioned in that file @0616 be 1aent1EEI GI§"@»¢ Pi I.
. q-L-1% ~' u1~""¥-'.
The Detroit Division is requested to attempt lie Q,/13
I
14¢!
,3- 3 __ if e -Q7 99999
n-1
ICG 100-33683
The Washington Eipld Division A
Will check the records of ONI for any information
they may possess concerning W. D. FARD and for any
information that might be shown concerning his founding of
the NOI and any indication that W. D. FARD might be identical
with the ABDUL MUHAMMAD mentioned in the above mentioned
ONI report as being a "first officer" with the NOI. The
sources of ONI's information should be determined if
possible and should be determined if they are available
to be contacted by the Bureau.
I
I
F
4T
l
_ T _
00030
._.":_¢?
Q
$-g_ _...._- --.- _ -._____ - _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 7 _»_ ._ ___- __.__ ..... .. ..._ ___.___.._-_a_ .j_. ____,7 ._.,__.-___.._._iA--.._..,.,_,..._F a1Lvmmn"
J
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1
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ail
1
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un-
u .~.92Qiff F927[?m0rzmdum ~11 UNIIED s'm'rss eovsnmusmf W
To . SAC, DETROIT 00-26356»! na'rn= December 11, 1957
- IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII--___§C% mg 4 r_Li0 : Al1" nu 92moRMn192uu_C§§:TD
sU3Jnc'1': watmcs DON FORD, was. N ' T!
SM - NOI _ . - p e
___ --- Re Chicago letter to the Breau, October 30, 1957.
f Eg-§67O*
L Photo of WALLACE D. FARAD, in 1933, contained in l-A
4>
§££lEl_3 P ii
Report of S June 1, 19 2,IE£ E-Jalsitginggoné t d"92W as 'IL MO MME s a e cc Chicago, re W 5 , upD, w . W
be was born near Sandersville, Ga., on August 5, 1891 and
nis slave name was WILLIE POOLE. WILLIE MOHAMMED advised
hm '...=+ "I921'TALI" A-., 1.1 1'92 'r:Ir92'n'|'92 -2.... n..+.-,..-1+ -:..-. -|n -1.4.9 mwv n4..u..:.n.u. us. I1. u. runu .|.u. uwua. u.1.u 4.1.1 4.7 ELL; I- -,.-I" e '
. 5_ :1-Q. a-.1
Serial 10 63$ '; . .,¢
-3 V. »- _ ._., I, _ _ _ _ _,_': P_.____;' _'_ ~ _ __ _ ,_ . a,92:___j ';¬_':; _ ;; 1 we 13. lee.
. as GULAN BOGANS, was. is report states that a teletype w
received from WFO on Hay ll, 19h2 stating that GULAN BOGAHQ.
had been apprehended._ The Chicago Temple of the moslems § 7_ T_f
was located at 10L; East 51st Street. This organization iiot
further described! was folided in 1931 at Detroit, Miehigaa,
by N. D. FARO. F%RD was reported to have been arrested on
tnree occasions in Detroit for teacaing Islam.:. Q
Milwaukee teletype on May 19, 19142, reflect that the re: - at l
the Temple in Milwaukee reflect that W. D. FARD was report "92
to be the "ALLAH" oflslam and in all probability could be V.-_._.
located at b026 Vernon Street, Chicago, Illinois. _ __ ,.r
'" ' K *2--'. a _11»
F . -ll' $.-
' ."1'e- TY
re? ;. 5|
uh _:.' - '. :,
J.-_;L'¢ ~-:-
= -1 1"
u.-1,
-_ 1- 92 - - - .1 .. _ : _.,-
1--nu
THJ
Q-,
6
¢4
1
Serial lbQt
Report of SA s
re'YILLIE
SS 92l._,_'_I._¢ _ 92.,-.._
counts because Q6 refused
'GKaY sD rdvised he met 1;llllllllllllllllllnn
.t lietroit, July 10, l9l.;2, "
rcsssf"
This report reflects that ILLIE HOFALKJE was born august 5, lfql- 1- ~'r--: - 1 -4- -- -.---_- -~-J- A -92 u q. _. . J 1., . . i l, 4 ..: _" t
WJ.
;'.»-~---...-...-|._& ' "'
ans JAQAQ at that time was t;e leader ani crfanizer
Islam P&liQiOn in Letroit. He advised that 1&1 ; leiQ
LQCQ I. FARAD in Detroitwas incer 1neict_cnt on wo
ter for the draft. LLLQIQ
1931
the
Jetroit
E
in 1913 or 193M ans qed no lees waere cad could we locates at
E16 present tine.
-17pe2-3
{Lfth gnu; gggrt dated iovember 2b, 1950 re the "Loslem
Eoly Temple of Islam Detroit Branch.
J. 92-.is rePOrt states the L;VsLCPYjhT Of GU? $41
iemple cults came in for some intensive investifation by the
»e§roit_Eoligeeoartment in 1933-35 and EH6 fo
yy-92
I
o
..Lation was ohtainea Trom the
n lvjo, a man callinc nimseli
f negroes that Aau been organ
Loble D. Ollie, as a joslem .lE-'1
racticec she Ioslem religion.P
homes of various members of
¢._ _-.__4-92 1..-._...UU [l&iVU UPJBI1
year 1932 or
Accoroing to
the Ninority
organization
was startedginsori
193
a "Handbook of
Stuoy A
which c
by a negCH
1'I_ __J_
up lly set
th
S:
sessociate
alled it
ro named G
as s legitimate political orga
named Faor Ta? FASHI took over the orqanization. *Police Qeiartment
ML D. FRED, took over
izod
laxite
Ye
e group. This group claimeJ..lnW - I 1' 92 H . .3 a Lager TsasnnSnl became active in
e Le
eoi
lf t
LOEG
nization in 1930. A_Jauanesand the Islam
llowing infor-
_ recoros:
s ;roup
by anotner ;egro named
group. This group
stings were held at tae
d
the
group.in
the1913. At some time
' " 0", published
tor " as BCYK1 , an
he "DliI92J'ELOPI~'lEI-IT C-UH o.~;l~.~"
L GFIKES, a city worker,troit by
-92:_r-r.r
6
',i_.--vgv-=-..._. .._..92 a- ~~. . 11 -. J , V _.;._ ,._.,,,_,., ___u__._ _,¢, ,;____92_»k_- _ ._
*1
u
i 4r
10U~b79lh-2 ,u
In Detroit between 1931 to 193k tnere were approximately
members of an orranization called "The Nation of Islam,
'_,
pseuoo-religious order in which the members of the above
organization purported to be eilied with tne Ionannedan religion.P1 - ' - - _ _iH1S organization was establlened be H. D. FPEE.
25-0133-1-3 - _
7-6 Pt of F; piugust -9, 19!;2, at Ct'1ic9.,_"*o
Ia .
negro H°s appreneneee bv the Unicaeo F? and
-0 ' to regieter under the Qeiective Service get.
z=_<192.'iseri -ya wt?-L5 1.1l5J_im" 127.5 Plifign i'@1'=hi§;41 ,_ T ____ ,-014 <11"lL.T -."',Ll"3OSF},
_ 1 - W 9292~ 1 -92 L1;Len -gestionee as new ciliciais Ci UQQ organization
advised tle prcphet nd CPiQin3l ieader was V, , Q
local Leader in Jicaro was ;LIJAI KOT¢ITLD.
I
I
1I
-3-9
I"G:;S 014:1 1:11-Pn 4
I >TB
'."1G
'-..1'LJ. u.'..|.
00030 "105
9-an
inn
J. .H_-».-.._,_.,.,_- ,-=-
r
hAKA EAKANE, was.
_ -9; £7 c
..;'.; _.".l|u
~.._
oi 1 Karon 20, 19b0, at Detroit,b2 ?u9 |
re I7£.!f""1 i¬.=
"enema-in a_ 11.1.1.
4, e Japanese, eni rated to o
wnero no marrieo n;;in J:n-i;Q ,
Ta
re
19to
ECG
In
TAK
an
0OT;
rs
Febru
funds
Canad
Vance
wnicn
In nzgtemh
/1,
J .
ifStr
T, F:
nam
loye
Junee
1
c1&'!".1Q
LJUY 92.l921
nribe
to tnALASU1 wnere ne became active
uver,coma, Masnincton, witn nis w
untii 1920, ween ne qiseppe
33 ne appeared in Detroit, Fi 1
ization " eve1opment of Cur O
PLATL T. ¢1;§TOT, neireee,
erg Zn 195g, who was active I
5 was deporteo to Japan April
0 on E L j e, i !92._a gujuet 29, 105k u¥;u
possession OI 52,000.,
¥.C., iinusor eno Toron
ts ne irectee policies
er, l?5F, a marital rift
E;F, ne:ro,as executive.a, in
poir
1 v'92, . !-~..
e witnin the QOOO caused IsIn;L to
.». at uf?eio, K.Y., on Jenner? iiin 1921, U
ife anc fem
ared in fin
cnipen, us
n promotin
1| w ~-n iV.._. ii
Q File lOU
in above 0
20, i§jH
arrived a
subsequent
to, Q
of DOOOnteri
tn. .92
ile
1?i
1
of KUBO an. after eominf to Detroit re
followers into the "Onward Lovemen
2?, 1939 ~5Kn;£ was arresteo for il
attempted bribery of U.S. Immigration In
mber 2%, 1939HgThHLiwes convicted
ry in ?ederal Court at Tetroit, Hie
ree years imprisonment and Th5uO.oflega
spec
§'n1npproximeteiy 1900
inhmg mlftd
iiy, remaining
ancial oisgrece.
ing the name of
" the ne=ro. -_-
Lt married
-1b3§?! on
rgenization.
by IHS witnout
t Vancouver, 3.0.,
ly resioing at
0, Canada, from
rougn nis wife-
..Y-7-- ..-_...¢4». .. _
-
62 709 bl 59_ -.| E _ JJ-13;;
__ . .,_- , ...__.
E-J; Eli} us: _J|!l-Ixdi-:4 s
insistence of
resided H13;
NAKANQ stated
no considered
several color
city and at t
was instrumen
in tne tate
started in l?
coulc re enbe
or tee early
inactive afte
?! :E_74_-C=_{'>fr __..._...._....._ 4 |___'_ ,
"Tee speecn,
tnc mietinjs
speech Tee Sav 1LnLn but n
Tne foregoinj paragrajh was set out in the re_o1t between
two paragraphs setting out injormation furnisned " Hanan
curiny an interview. it is_not_w ow we -Lug
Purnisned toe inform-tioh re tne ceath6f"*3if* ? _ 'F'- - .1 _.. - -92, _ .-.1.4 .44____,.-..-....__,________,.,,.--w--""' Y- =~ __;z___nu._- -It-n||*4r 1|_|-_
150-1535?-7
On August 9, 1957
%et it 'OI 1.2 I'D
triat-
and n§ETE
her nusband
since Nara
opinionJapan's Zivine
e states that
eitner organl
w FL nL.-
~/
--w nLi;
Z3
-Q-' 1-r92the POOtated tnat WCGH ne first came to Tetroit at the
Reverend JOHN CTLTL of Tacoma, asainrton,
illfl I0i¢IFn? for approx1matel3 two weeks
ne left the residence cf AED
FOIAEFLD a fraud. Following
eo cnurones and frecuented tn
ne insistence of the colored
l in orpanizinf
icniien. he a
althou@h tnrouj~ ti
its existence he
rt 0} l%;j. Q
nis deportation"92.
1--iq-I '1LlL_.J- C!
c'in
e la
td
to Japan in
ssion' was admittecly written
din not giv Us at any o
tion sponsored "" iim Fae
ling snip anq uu@ Life ¬oat' was wr tten 0-
Trs. C ;n$s US I£TTCn anc was read at several of the neetln
but according to Jnials was too complicated Lor the geoole
to understand. nETUs FC?_F ll mentioned h¬T8lDb¬iOPC 1S
alleged to be deceased at the present time, naving died in
an insanfe nospital."
n nh_ tner or no H
on, 311
oes a
April 27
s a Japanese, has been deceased
further advised that in nisL 0- Q oocaus
this 1 attended
e YWC in tis
Jeople wno no M
iicn as incoroorated
or anizaticn as
vostiration n one
tter art oi l@j2
Cc U ' comeo, w
00041 Q07
W
we4%
-' D|.'l'olE lOUjTOj%
Report of SA December 1O, l9h2, at
Detroit, re was., lS-J; CUSfOTlaL TLToHTlCN.,.f
Information was received that wrote a letter to the __
Governor of Michigan stating Negro soldiers were mistreated at
Fort Oglethorpe, Ga.
would
-never take the oath to defend the Tniteostated to his Local noaro ne
States.
was contacted in his home On :_3er92ter-zbor Q 1§?h2,at r<nd requested tc come to the '";-etroit Field
Cf .rview.
Cn September 10, l9h2,
and was interviewed nv SA
adviseo"OHM o w" -0 av"toe Detroit Officeand n; IuIu!to Letreit wnen ory
J ;T wro was vervcame to
ns, 'j§:,!'T!P,- '"92*92192¢p-
92.-J - WIPE 3 min .6 F1 .;F3 Of .92:_J_,» EiL.;,'_::___" J, . t
dark and was also a T"-iosiem. _stated that this
aTFZ.f-.1-T-Lil? founded the fj.=evolopm .-wn and that he joined
' - ', t , was to NOHAVTQD and that it in about l93t. Ie stated no
VCHAHNLD died in either lQ3o or
out 0? business. Te statec the1021 E-Find l6 . advisod
of TQTQEASVI .3 tamen over the
tOld lm tie
IIOILXTT;
around ,_, ,__ U M. . ,
TOELHNQD, was alwavs interested
countr", and TAKAFASFI, for some193'. Ell']C1F|1r/ orr~aniz.ation went -""" A "-'- L. {:1 1- 1in LL *oHaVf;o na; liveo at
he had heard a man by the name
PO00 and that F?iKIoE nad
lowine storv before AB UL died: E 92.
advised_that T.'=.T-;-;If.'=.F~1TII met him, 1.20:-':_-i-_:-.."ltst_,
1e+1 or lQ?h - o "tYl*"2F rat et 92 a A@ I as ne .. . r1 ;.__¢ Li.. __ .- ,
in trientals who came to this
reason, knew about YOEANILDand looked him up upon arrival in the Ynited States. H0niM1sD
- : 1-92 -r radvised that Talihatl was sick and that ne, ABoUL hOh I
and his wife nursed TAKAHA£Kl back to nealth. TAKA?¢SF1
told
FOOD
both
J___J_make money. NOHAKKLL then
was founded to nelp the Negroes?OEA?NnE that-FOHAMMED would never make any money on the
and that he should follow TAZAYASSl's ways and they would
allegedly told TAKAHAShI _
he would not rob the Eegro people, as the organization
and that the majority of Eegroes
were very ignorant. 1--zormrf-tat advised Subject that 1",uo1.:;a:=.z:1
then pot quite angry with nim and left ant that no to
v "RJVT " . _On,.l..J..Tl that he; would start his own organization. kacvised that LOFA?J;E told the polic department that anyone
having one of the BOOO cards with TaKAASFI's name on it was
an outlaw because they were using nis, NOYAH?LD's, creation,
the FOOD.
t
, ., ,i___... -.-1.-1-;-- ...,. _ _ _, -V92fi'q____J _ .. ,_ M
The 1957 Phone Directory lists the r
known if this is identical with the
you are interested.
RE: ABDUL EOHAYMZD
lOO[§M9297 .it is not
in whom ~~-11
serial is cate stamped Cctobe
H -r__' 92- _."1 !_ <_:_/
oetroit,, Abdul deceased!
ic1i@a
fof: a! Qua care, H%PR&D, Whii,
bi es; card, Lation of Isl
, I'l¬[_1"
of Isl
Taxanaeating "T rc;crt:
letroit "Temple" of nation
cult, was host of Satakata
"ragon Society of Japan, at time
Tetroit in early 1930s. In 1939
that he came to etroit at instan
colored minister in Tacoma, Fashi
communications from_Subject
in that territory to procee
- colored people." TAHaEaSEI
' nome after two week stav be'1'"!!! "
~- Tnereafter, according to TA
- ization really for the best
Development of Our Own. Me
Subject is opposition to the doct
Islam ref. 0! that Negro-ohamme
' America and tnat they were citize
Mecca, with allegiance only
and "organized a small Hosl
the cardinal principle was
the Cnited States and to it
C'to 1939, allegedly in an iniubject
A-h-ULJUL'9
d to B
said
cause
KAEASE
inter
anwhil
em gro
loyalt
s flag
sanfe
- 7 _n ccaiingri,
to thP 21, 1902.
Ir. witn aliases
matey 1O/1j/
am, dated 9/23/M2.
o, a first officer" of
am, negromonawnedan
sni, agent of Black
of latter's arrival in
TAKAHASHI advised FBI
ce of Rev. John WHITE,
ngton, who nad received
uraging "some Japanese
etrcit to work among the
that no left $ubject's
he thought nim a "fraud."
I, he founded an organ-
est of negroes, called
e it is reported that
rine of the Nation: of
dans did not belong tons of tnefiolg Citydog
e mos em a sece eup of nis ow§,in whicn
y to tee Constitution of
." Subject oied prior
hospital.
00043 %0q
.?
ip
A 1=l1=
~.,-1 .
92100-sew}-1L0
Detrol , 1n Januarv, 19b3, W*@n R6 was n F 92. Fcurrent a<:.<*1'*es5 Could be located for hJ.'I-I/.
I4
5
-3-No
L-1-92
F;
-
§.
ii
T. -
?¢I
t
- ' - V ',6::q1'
L
1*
- - ..- .4
-J
" 7- .-2*
,_-:~*_t
. E_, .
'%£ . -N .
Q? .. ._ ..
1 DIBGQOI; P51 , - _ ' Iuir 29¢ 1951
-1.
_ I19; '3_.I !!qI!""'"-{109~'-!=i$§U_ j ' ' 7 .' 3 '
59°
- ' -_ 3' ,,» ' - _ ;_- -. I I
" - lg i' I ' ' l-Ill, Ihilgb 108'!» n Ina-uonujntad
3; -.I.$5-J, do-pnnnl I Jihad". ..,;:A? . 4 .. j .
E" ? In s :1 j 1 s ourci.. .... ,..,....1., ..- .z:;1::.'.. .'2.;"P.;.":..: :.;1.@ .:
perodaaamnny record at an 8&5!
Ill llltad an* A pf 'n1Iu813 C inultyand Staff Dlroaturiu nloduuod tho mm an IRIIIA "D.-IIIIM,who in 1931; nu OIp1o1Id as a tnohlngosllau in Scatolqy tortho min:-nit; or ll1chi.::.:.md than cairn: at ma lint
boar Btrbctgknutrgit, gun;
Catalog Otob,
Burp/1-any ar.I16hI¢tn non
'§92P.R'iO 1a.ihO'1lu3333
'FV -_f V'..lI l'i in% ~ ~ ' nu --aura-nth
noquntniqaun who would to aura of IGGIQII tho
,-. -,__ _- ~ I
, ;y_..~-.».,-.;. L-.. ,
V...-.*. .' .5 ' ;_ A P_-.,-,.- ,- . ..-4x
,.--5.- aw .-A
:'._;__1b¥'1;~-é5:*é92. '-.:<
/
92;
ii
I
4°
1'
' Inasmuch as there is no additional investi
* @
35-if
I
S
1'*1,
hl:f; '
~
DI 100-2Q56
Uh. up nu! Blnhiu-nu l'ln-ml nnnnnln "-"'='
s o any no an. Int known u' 3udu_ up ¢'flOI,- 212 Min» Street,
Ilia: 3 Michigan, which nearest, ue:-d£ag*to alumni Decree,no valid ea or lurch; 1956. e - i
.. 1Md 1 .m. ,1 ...lliehigua, 1!'o1epbene no or, noting that it tailed to an-y n
31108105 for IRDIAII D. IIIIO 1 however, it lid eonnin _a
Ilint, enigeni . ' -I92 I I
J
Inveltigation in continuing in this Division
at the int and Detroit eddreuu noted in an attempt to
lento and interview BEYIOI in accordance with referenced letter.
As will be noted, leads should be set forth
for Detroit and Flint, Michigan, to comply with the requested
investigation contained in referenced Chicago letter.' It is
noted that BEYNON is undoubtedly identical with the Person
mentioned.in referenced letter in view of the uncommoness of
the two first names of this individual and in view of the fact
that BENYON was not located as ever being connected with the _
University of Michigan. -
gation to be conducted at Ann Arbor, Miohigln, it is recommended
tnat tnis case oe reassigned to eitner tne Detroit or Flint
Agent handling the leads requested. -
7- l _ _ i _ 1 . _
' e T Y"" ' " £'* 7k ??' ¥"" " 5F" *** -=*lE~-92.'-$~¥R&- éF'K>""§;I14192""=*- f-: L _ . . . - _ ,. _ .» -_- -- I ' A - _k_ -_ in - -h . - _ - .
¢_ . _ .-...__'
7.-... ' _' re
1.__- _>:,_ _' ,_ _- ,-. , .A_ -
' pa, ,_
i 1
alf-J£a_ "L I
-|$!Ii9292NrI921!r-»- ,_ __ nh _, 5¥92 P 441- #13:": _ 5'
Indicee Search Slrip "'* _
FD-160 Rev s 11-56! ,_
uia
TO -cl-nzr CLERK i W 1Q ZO
Subject J / J ,/-_
"' i"92LL»iCI DON FOPD "e. W D. F-5 E1, ee _-Z en , "" I*"'"° Fred 4.»odd,*:»a1/i r5.IIEiO.'/_{rJ&ll8.C£3_,l*8.I&d,'W. D. Fer_:§ud wallei Ford1 1'92 "
Exact Spelling Main
A11 Reierences C1-imi
92 Marin Subversive Cane Files Only Main
Suhverlive Relerencel Only Maine dill O %mm@ieEJ ohammad-All iarrd Wohammaé_,4z¢e£lLe:;e;¢:=:__Address J Birth Dczie lirihplclce
Criminal Cale Files Only Gentrict ie Lecaiiiy oi
nul References Only , __ _ __
Subversive If no Main, list uii Subversive Reterencee]
Criminal II no Main, list uii Criminal References!
File Serial ilumber f j RemarksiL Fiie7& Seri_u71NumVber i2§§;Lf§ ¢f¢uC<Le£?{_ k414i4
/, ""'-"nu; /-_'92",:
4554 _,2-Lé 1_L»Z~ ii -Z/"/ "" JQ e7 *j_ __ _/i{"j' It .:__¢-_ L1"/,~Z':' -
-_4ZH¢ C/16 j?~é:15'e*' e
i QLJ '4@#e4e»- re e _//1/1;-
_/_r:»-uph Mohammad Ali I
" 1z/
L'é_l -F1 :_L,_L,,.
. ; zIGKQLA _
/44' _,@_<,_,.;/__'>'A F e
i
an-we 41 4é/-A-¢--/ _ _ _ I I 6
4 / - 4,; /1 5?_=/»==/ _A§;a,¢4Q#e¢r,/, ,cr¢e¢*{_~
;>'-//i./@_.2 2 J """"""F
_ _ _ _ aim
Requeeteci by 7 K 7 KEzlennion
1261
_ZL ,ZL.:,L_
;-p
,_- -_ _ atei E2___ Sirmbole
- Idenctxl Not identiable 0 D 0 3 3Not identical U Unavailable reference:*JlJi¬/F? en? @d53r
'J7/a -:?-r/ J !
Q M4waw-K -K e
/Q-jl--"C15-P!_ 44¢ wad»
-*'¢.:?lé Z0 4? _
File No i
i 100¢;6356 f
NFQRMATgénuu
Q5112-Y-93'
-_ > .e +~- a. :- . _ ,.w-1-n¢92- . ..,.;~;-,r____,___,_ M __._,,,,_..r_. -,-,._..-,-.-M-_ - _--..._..- ,__~ .
' lncllcee Search S1-lp ,
FD-160 inn. e-11-ssr /"]"92. ' / x -I,
~
Date
TO: CHIEF CL ERIC
Subject
Allueea -
AddressBirth Date I7B1t!hplOC8
G Exact Spelllnq Eklaln Crlrnlnal Cuee Fllea Only :IFleatr!ct to Locality of
GAR Reierencea E3Crlmlncl] References Only I __ 7 I
ZMCIM1 Subversive Cuee Fllee Only Ejblcun Subverslve ll no Mum, llel all Subversive Reference!!Qsubverelve References Only Cjlduln Criuulnul I! no Mum, llal all _Crlmlna1 References!
Fille 6'. Serlul Number ll Remarks 6. ' _ .' ' * I - * " * *7 K" 7 ' J. ' V M ' -7 if
A ll 1 _ ,_ _ __ , , r""/-»' -_g*é_3.5*6 "[ W __J- j i Z;_ -<_'"/y "1 .¢< 45;, ;¢ * *5 __LFlle Serlul Number Remarks
T e , 2 V , K ,_ , , _
__ ,7 _ 7 ,7 _*'FAZI2L' ~ I
_/00 - é~ 9 8/ 7
_- @565 +15 _ -I
-32 ="?~2> 1% } _ We r _ ___ _ _r :'f;'<<~""Zr' id l W;
1 ' {P//41 »- QFA &_.:» err ,
. - I H- _'72»? .44 1 F /3'! l
£=..&CQ..@~2A:/Q?-<__ _/l-
~v 24,; 4 ,1 44: ,,,,i..§ 15.145 by 7 r _
b V I. T Z K e;_';<,» _»7_///LU __ __ _ _J2_'=-bi K ~ K 92 ! %'&--41¢-ti . -i-3 - %,:"2f--'5'" 6 2 , J67 -r-HZ M "77 la /r/...,,., ,._ jg..- Q--_._¢ L
.... 2 , Z Z 5' W ii W r f i ! I i i flI/Zap - 5,; ,5; -- 5 ,g,e_-;,~ " £§,,,..
-Zigjf/5-.¢'7~"1 ii -_-- 7czar? <2.~:%/ -£24 92 W »- A
_éL,:2./ g :7 "5 be
7 e f'¢=~2_J' 0" ? be NI _-F
7 bquad 7 Extension W>Flle No.Requested by
Searched by j
r dale?!Eonlolldclled by
J date! "
Hevlevred by
-1. _ _ L Indicel Search Slip
FD-16° Rev: 6-11-55!
TO: CHIEF,._J/_-'- * V, -3:.-1 .- * - ~:-~-<'--:- - -
1 Date
CLERK |
sub1§§=Y
Aliases
Address I Birth Date Elrlhpluce
:1 Exact Spelling :IMu.in Criminal Cane Files Only :1Hestrict to Locality of
1 I... . I 1'L...._..._l-M1 RBIBIOHCQB l_..._lC|'imlnul Reference! Only ' _ _ _ _
l:IMqin Subversive Cane Fllee Only E-:lMc:in Subversive 1 no Main, list all Subversive References!Ssubvereive Reference! Only El»/Iain Criminal Ii no Main, lln all C'|-lmlnal Hefgrgncgg]
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5'1-Anoum room no. 64
Oltfc A/i677201"6ldZ¢772 - U3. '. ED sures GOVERNMENT
T0 = SAC, Dtroit oo_2s3:e WE= 12/18/5'7
FROM : 3;-L.... _
S'~BJw= man
:Jl"lI-IQ-I
0: Chicago!
Reference is made to Chicago letter to the Birector dated10/3/5? and captioned as above, as well as Detroit letter to theDirector in the same matter of ll/29/57,:
It is noted that the latter sets out UNDEVELOPED LTADS in
this Office at Flint and Detroit, Kichigan. A review of the
LEADS at Detroit appear to be old addresses and former contacts
of some 25 years ago, while it is noted that the LEAD to contact
IRDEATE DUANE ECFYON at 212 Chandler Street, Flint, 3, Michigan
was current as recently as Harch 1956 from the University of
hichigan Alumni Records.
Therefore, it is recommended that a LTAD CARD be prepared _to locate and interview FEYYON at Flint, Michigan in accordancewith the reference letter from the Director. In the interim, no
effort will be made at Detroit to locate BBHYON at the old addresses.
UNDEVELQ?ID_LRhD$
THE DETROIT OFFICE, At Flint, Hichigan: Will forward to
Resident Agency covering serials 5 and 10 of captioned file
for appropriate handling to locate and interview BBNYON.
H5asu'£ IhgégDAV JDI J
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wait, p1:r%a>o1r%t_gto-26356! ~ e _ ----
. . .. -------1- :3-1 nv-;1_q'r,n_% I. n. nan t "" ""
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*3- t hllle hreeu end O01 In:-em p1»/W-,.t t -' 2--945-7-.--t**¢Y..;~.:A& t tOn Jung 9 1958, Ire. human D. BTIOI, 212Ghendler Street. Hint, ehigee, edvieed thet her. huebend,IRDMIB D. BEIIOI, who wee i'orner1Lneeoc1eted with tide Ileiverlltyat lliehigu, had written the -ertic -entitled The Voodoo BultLeqaslsegro I13:-eat: in Detroit. She edvieed that he -bed diedin 1 A. She edvieed that he bed ebteieed the materiel for hieeicle by interviewing enenbere of the gnu]: himself. She edvieed
t t it eee hie idea to write the ertio hill-t~el;"eoai?'ref the
interviews he took either her or his den hter. She related thatthe notes that he fepe:-ed while he wee in the process or writing
the article were e the: lost er dedtmyedt She eteted that ehe
touid not remember any eeeee eddreeeee or pieces mentioneddugieg the ietervimre when eie no present-
_- - t it She eteted that he:-_!me'head'e article wee theeelykene written by hie eoneereiu the Ietion ef Ielu I01!.She eteted that her hneteed wee oee to e eoeielegr pm-eteaeorewe nivereity at hidego neneci LOUIS 92IIB!i. 8 e eteted thatI J H_ end her huabendvere both htereeted in the I01 Qt thltiaertieuler time 937! eed it ne her reeoilectipn that theQ51-. -'J Q-eneln-en QI .h Ig In-IUQAQI QQQQII Ilihr fjl"3;§§3h§3E' +the! IARB or
tin thet thie
- 1.5]; -to _i _ then H1?-D or
¬ 362 -/3?.
xi
.1.
Ior loo-26356
0a January 10, 1958, Ia. IlRIOI,KIIBlR 609 laet__laker, Flint Iiohigan, advised that ehe did accoapaay herfather, annular an oa a nany of tn. interviewa tu.= he eonpetedrelative to the I01. oha etated that ahe renenhere the leade e
nane ae being FARAD, but could not renenber anything elee about _
hie and ehe did not know anything about his being of theJewieh nationality and haeézg aa e true nane n Jewiah aane. the
went on to explain that L0 IIRTH had died in 1952. lhe atated
that her father and a detective tron the Detroit Police
Department who vac in charge of the into tigation on tho groupconferred with each other quite fregueatgy and awapped -
intornatioa concerning the group. he a rieed that to her
knowledge her father had gotten all ct his information from
interviews with I01 aenherc orvthrough the Detroit Police
Department. lhe etated that ehe had never eeen FLRD as he had
already left Detroit. She atated that aha had visited the
University of lalan which woo locatcd in Paradise Valley in
iietroit and had aeeo a photo of Faii which was hanging on a wall
in a roon on the eeooad floor. She adriaed that this house was
located cloee to the police precinct although the could not
rennber the cane of the etreet.
The Bhioago Division ehould atteapt to attengtto locate an! octet or nterial formerly in the pcceeeeion o
the late LOU S UIRTH toraorly with the Sociology Bepartneot ofthe Uaivereity at Chicago that night help to identify the nan who
wait titer tho iiii or IiRB ii totroit, aid attoitt to locatc
any close aaeociatee c!I!RTH who eight he in a poeitioo to
turoiah intcrnetion concerning IARD.
0a January 17, 1958,
.o ct Bepartneat, Sohvereive,th:t'E:e recerde or thighIQ I8 IIG Vli Q Ifoeollaheiatioa wi h th:late Prereeeo:ll!IOI.tail to
to Subject
1 ~ _
. e-Io~
00047M
SAC, armors 00-5519! 1/11;/58
no CHICAGO 5 20607! I " 92
. 92 S92 g<_g A _"~" an 1NF0§MAY92 $i92S%g:¬§ m. HATIOII or ISLAM nsmu 92.»392£_<§S'BYIS - no: o1~YE-£1
"" J! Q who 192.=.= !'92..*.rr.ishel.! 1-=1.1=o1= 1»-.r-. _ ..
in the pl a in olose oontact with ELI-IAH MUHAMMAD,
the Rational Leader of the H01, on January h, 1958, furnishedthe following information: , 6
- PInformant advised that on w 1958, an
individual who identified himeelf as from Detroit,
Michigan, oontaoted CLARA MUHAMMAD wife of ELIJAH!» He
stated that he is an artist and the person who drew the
picture "with the jewels and of Brother ELIJAH about ten
years ago". He stated, "1 am a good Muslim and I have had
a whole lot of toment the last fur days and something ie
trying to kill no to keep ms from helping him possibly
ELIJAH!, and told no that I wall siippoeed to help the temple
raise him up because I am a_good Huali and I get messages
from W. 0. MOHAMMED ph! H. D. man!,
Detroit is re eted to furnish identifying infor-mation eonoerning 41
Although it appearsthat may be a peyoopath,Detroit ie requeated to conduct investige on to determine
if there is any basil for his atatement that he is reoeiving
messages from H. D. MOHAHMED H. D. FARE!
Detroitareply should be direoted to Chicago file! 100-33653 Y. D. FILED"!, / '_ "' I
1- - as:-on non-" -mo-551,0 aux! 92/ 1/ 4}
h és.92-
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-DIIIBGTOR, III hmnry 17, 1958
92, no, nnaon 00-26356!
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Ill IOI
00: B1111 :
B60101: to Inna 10/30/$7 in captioned autcr.
Thi I. Milt it 1 £110 III I U to llviao tin ro 1: 0 _ rofnro carefully ruvirnd by Boa.-niacin 810:-I: t and I Go:-rolat an Innorladu pa
n cutout-ntic on of 1 bi Blklittcd hi thfor u into:-nntga q:'3:'1¢=:» us
Ilflltlgltll 11 continuing in Detroit to cana-
tho remaining hula at tonh in Hiat-
§ 3% aim 1! cinomnam!13$-a on - 1
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STANDARD FORM IQ. U
Oje? Z92/I677201¢Z?_2dum - UNITED STATES GOV
T° = SAC, Detroit 00-26356! DATE 1/16/58
K!? 8*
Svmc WALLACE non FORD, WAS.,
sm - NOIlERl¬h4EPJT
xi
Re Chicago letter to the Director 10/30/57. -
Detroit file 100-6603-lto whiqa/16>/43, at Detroit entitl .,NTERNAL SECURITY - J; cusron
TENT 0 t s e re ectsET AL,
THROW OR DESTRUCTION GOVERM .that SA }nterviDe Mich gan on L3. At that
the MSTA Temple at Pontiac, iii . According
id al by the name of FARD several years previously an indiv u
whom he believed to be an Algerian, was instrumental in ha many
b leave the NSTA and affiliate themselves with a group which mem ers r Q!< he refers to as 'MOOSELEMS'.
' LEAD A PONTIAC MICHIGAH:' Will attempt to locate interview e
whoas above reported in l9b,3 wa of the. _ - at Pontiac, Michigan. interview as to a t one FARDled a sehism from the MSTA. Showqattached photograph of W.D.
FARD, Detroit PD #b5l38 to determine f this is t e that ledthe schism from the MSTA. I ;_!uA2u§._4__
" ' 'd' h Resident Agency atifontiapj Eon thé_infOKm§t.J oft e kw J
D i has failed to locate i0n to "this date at etro t
r . 5 2 ,1 ,
,-.' "H ,7, I T EAssign LEAD at Pontiac. W' 4° $1
BYMl {NF _~qf,-3,-'__:'nr V .HERE:N E, "59 . 3-S1qgeQ
PD h5138. RETURN PLS.! Enclosure-Photgaph of W.D.FARD, Detroit
1
Oice Mwfdum - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT
SUBJECT:# T¬//
4;M:=SAC, Detroit 00-26356! DArr= January 28, iess
Director, FBI 05-636a2!"
~~ Jr ,"NTNNED
_..A§$F inAu:himYf*92Q;" ' 8 w
WALLACE DON FARD W* " "-sacuarrr MATTER - NOI nrehslihéi ¢292
Reurlets 10-22-57 and 1-17+58.
Relet dated 10-22-57 advised that a photograph
of the subject was available to your office. Relet dated
1-17-58 advised that Mrs. Marion Kieber, 609 East Baker,
Flint, Michigan, advised she had accompanied her father
during the time he conducted many interviews relative to
the Nation of Islam N01!. She also stated that she had
observed a photograph of the subject which was hanging
on the wall of a building which she apparently visited
with her father.
You should exhibit a photograph of the subject
to §;§&_K1eber to determine if he is identical with the
individual she knew named Farad, who was the leader of the
N01 at the time her father was interested in this organization.
l - Chicago 00-33683! For information!
D 1;
T"
I
i r 14 000519292 ,/ gar ;
1" Man nr
92.l_/ an § _ _-I - _92 'i _ , i_ V r
5EARCi1Eg
_ _ _ E XXXXXX 4 150 Rev. 9 21 94! 92__ _i
[I]
E]XXXXXX
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following
statements, where indicated, explain this deletion.
Deletions were made pursuant to the exemptions indicated below with no segregable material
available for release to you.
ecti on 552
III b!!
El b!!
II] b!!
El b!!
1:1 b!!
El W6!
request.Inf ormatioE1 b!! A!
El b!<*/! B>
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El 00!
El lots!
E1 low!
E1 loo!
n pertained only to a third party with no reference to the subject of your
1:] Information pertained only to a third party. The subject of your request is listed in the
E]title only.
Documents originated with another Government agency/ ies!. These documents were referred
to that agency ies! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agency ies!. You will be
advised by the FBI as to the Yeleasability of this information following our-consultation
with the other agency ies!.
Pagets! withheld inasmuch as a final release determination has not been made. You will be
advised as to the disposition at a later date.
Pages were not considered for release as they are duplicative of _g _
J __ =_.-II A -Q F . .or your inforrnatronl
g The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
11121-=0 ééjjc-92_4& ,- . - W n . r- -
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXEO
X DELETED PAGE S! X
XNO DUPLICATION FEE X
X FOR THIS PAGE X
FBI/DOJ
W1
axascroa, ra1't1os~6a6a2I 10000:: 20. 1950
me, anaorr o-26356! 0 0-..-...,
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lie Harem letter to Detroit qua January 23, 1953.
0.» February 11, 1953,10-0; ukxon tmma, 609 am: lit, liehlfen, In ehoam I photiograia obtainediiehroit Po lee Department bearing date In4% '::*."%..:;°i.;::..*:::'*-"=. 1.1. 2:212" *2? '='J** "._.._"_ 5-..--- -.._- 2..-- ,._._-e_l_-:2 ._ nee __e.11__-__92 to the at-ogre or the personeheknevt.o§eeeeedlARn
whoee cbare e bed seen on the wall at the Unite:-elty
01 Isle: some twenty yeere ego while with her {ether inter-
viewing pereons who were lieaion of Isle: S011 nenbere.
_ V nun advised that, the photogrlph 0: rm at
the Iain:-01: at Ielen eith r 5" 8" 10" at-e ph ' y e e -x or e ph gm
in bleak end white end me e "glean:-1sed" or touched up
A picture. She etet-ed that ehe resell: thet. uhe ltletnre ustekea Iran e #5 deg:-§.eng,1e instead at e fell hoe or e
¢92 prnfille
92vl i
wee eeked if eke was positive of theQ; identification had made and ehe net-ed that there was
- no doubt. n1.n:l__'H:ee--the we plrlmil were the eene.
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nxamcron, FBI 05-636h2! "lr=h 1°. 1958
SAG, CHICAGO 00-33683!
s__
an
cé: Detroit lg£26356; l!es1Itered!
P 4?: jgUALIAGE mun mm, use. 1
v. n. were "A11m': HehanmedNA11, F1-edodd, Well mu-ea, omm z 3- es/reRallaee Puree, H. D. reand MLMHRMMWNQVellaee Don Ford Halei re:-3, mR he Great Mahdi , F. Mohammad - DATnl, rm-ea Mohammad _ <39
SECURITY nsrzma - to: j
00: cnxcsoo - '
Reulet to Ohicege January 28,- 1958, enelosing s
correlation lummery preps:-ed at the Beat er Government. For
the inromstien or Iew York, the following infer-netien is
presented:
Aecurdlng to the apeeehee and irritings of ELIJAH
rmammm, lat-ional Leader er the neuen er Islam non. "Allen"
eeme to Detroit, Michigan 1':-om Fleece in 1930 Ln the pez-sen erone H. D. FARD who taught MUHAMMAD tor three years eeneemigiIlllm. FARD;::g,ht Islam in Detroit from 1930 to 1933 it I ch
time he wee to leave Detroit by the Police Depertment and
lubsequently eame to Ghleago, Illinois where he teught Isles:
until l93J+, at which time he disappeared and nothing hes beentea; teen his since, nuaamuu has lmlleeted that FARD returned
e eee.
The philoeophy or the ROI teaches that FABD arrived.
in the United States-tram Heeee eh July 1|. 1930, and that hereturned to Ibeua after bringing the khdlliedg at their timeidentity to the lol-round Ietien of Ielen w eh hed been heldin slavery in the United States tea :20 {earn ue glleaeggie1'theIOI.iIdel1'1,ed Handheel httlelhilli the
me "'
mveeaistien emdueted by the FBI hes identified mmas being Meat: use the eubjeet er re: lumber 5eo62 wholelast lmeun lgpelrlne wee en en-est in Ohleege, Illinois Ln
aeptenber,l33e /¢_ 0/Du:-eau lie A tered fijjl =""/
2 - In York Registered!
1 - Ghleage
~ - ~ - W Weeeooosva 73 0
bi
1ca 100-33663
Page 27 or referenced correlation aunau-1 I-erieeta
information contained in a Detroit re slated 1Iovenber~12.19'-I-2; w.-Ie ll; u
8-eienoe Temple of bee
Thin report
the Detroit Office by
dlt-Cd J9292nQ 16;
1'.A_Rl3, gin; Devi; Ll,
an the Grand Sheik orea, I8 J, ue odial Detention, on.
eontained information which was given to
the Michigan State Police in a memorandum
ihia memorandum reflected that a U. D.
93l6 Aveniae, Detroit, wee known
the Morrieh Science iemple or America and
that he wee believed to be from Kaneae 011:1, Ieeouri or 1'1-on
Chicago. mu memorandum advised that the Hoaleru were organizedin Detroit in 1913 by ROBERT D. OLLIE who was run out of Detroit
in 192'-i. Ra-pa-.:=t r-oiiooto.-3 5. L. FARE rooraaniz. tn:5"".'."9.l§ 12".
1930 but was run out of town by the Police in 19314 and returned
in 1936.
Page 31; or rererenoed correlation eumuary retieote
information appear in iew Tori: report of otober 26 1953.1-egu-am; mxam man, wu., 2401, aka. st 11, SSA ieue, "M" M " W" *1-
1953 a lmoern Moelen, voluntarily appearedin ~..-L. 0.» 1...-1. arm... At um time 1.. advieed that in 1951
he eav the god ALLAH in New York City at the H01 Rmpll on 115thStreet. Be minted out that he oould not deaoribe ALLAH but that
he would o 7 be abie to identity bin it he eaihim again.
Ii 'the name or w. 0. mum |%
FLRD, he nae vieibly ekettled an e a ed the
n-P.»-
ZQQ
4'co 100-33683
Detroit should attempt to roaolva uhothar or not tho
L alloged to be an alias or H. Bi FARE 1: iéentisalwith than Iubot at this inI'eat15at1on¢ If it in lotarninod
that that in vidual is identical with th aubjaot or thisinvestigation, logical lnvoatigation should be oonduotod to
tbllov his norononta ainoa tha data and to dotornina his
proaant location.
iha lav D a roquaatad to attanpt to
rointarviow and determine from him all
information oonoarn _ 0 appearance of ALLLH or U. D. FARD
at tho MCI Tomplc in Row York in 1951.
low York should advise it tn: photograph shown touas tho photograph or tho subject of Detroit Polloo
Dapartmont number h5l3B. law York d onduot all logical
invostigation to verity or diaprov atatamont that
FARD or ALLAH lppolrid at tho new York Tomp 0 in 1951. It
this information in voririod, low York should oonduot all
involtigation noooalary to looato FARD or any information
oonoornlng bin»
1
I
I
i
92.- "'-r '
sac, cmugo 00-33L»83! rm-¢n 12, 1958
CONFiPP~NTiALDirnctor, rm 05-meme; Aj92 /Qc1;|a1e192qaug.?~...../-?_~?
rum: new roan Exempt fr ~ 1;.'1-_';. J92..'92-"-f§'?1'ry,-H PFszctmrrr mwrm - not Dam Of Dau.i__ ..=_j_¢;,-;ion
Ito Ghicqgo lottarl 2-3-5-*3 and 2-I8-58 andmmaz 1n=1m- 1-31-58. q
nu cmaago lcttcr 2-Q-53 nquutcu nu:-anconsider rtquiting muutiytxm no eenduobad in this
gtter in 25¢! !¢;_.l;nQ-. _ fQ
A 1-win: a£'%ot'a Butile reects Ihan
intervicuad by the cnlifumin Stats PIPOIQ authorit-lea,
as n result of ma smut in has Angela in 1926, the
subject advised he an born 2-25-1591 It ?u:-tuna, 016go::,
where no reaide ant-11 1913. The army information in th
possession of tha Bureau indiantigg mbjact In I
New Eellnndar is that mminhad by subject: tamer
e¢__n_n:;n-Lg! age, Hus; Rvqlniur. Inc admittncl me mew
nothim about |ubJ¢at'a background and cozuiderod hm 0
Haw Zealandor tram nu:-lay. Iiurthnr, aha oavind the
|ubJe<:t Iilited bar tithe! in the Summer 01 1932 er 1933
ltlhiahtinohulndoartmrkhlllll Btu:-ningto
How toaland. In this commotion it in noted the rubjeet
was urrutcd 5-25-33 at Detroit, luehian, at Ihmh time
he Ill ehncribcd an bung or Arabian muatw. Afterlowing nntroit he In 0110??! to have taught Ilium in
Ghicggo until lam tum in _, 3-Q when he diupparad.
Actually, it 1:-not dctinituly Imam 11' Iord or D066 isQ I!1bJU¢1>'l true':ume. la yum, his birth bu wt been
vcririoa. wlptaro, tho Du:-an fools invbstxgntian in 'U] IIIIIIIIIIG I:Bil-IIIIO-$.31-lllIUI1$0lfII1$III'§%' is! - invont. ticm in tmlrttar, vocally tmntigution502;: by the ! nd dirialan by ll wimp latter
mm 1-31-58
I1 3216!! ll
"manly:{J mmmwmmuupnmu um-"?,4@o5»@*:'r:;::im,
--H. _ _ ' L4 ,-,_-_,.,g,',§5e» Ic0NF1s;u1:M 92
_,,____ ,_, ,___ _,,___ ____,,__,.A . . ., I4» _. ._ _ .._.___. .__.__......~..._.-..__..__....._..-..-1-.-....-....,___..__.92_.. .__...
514-in
Lawn to hiaga
Ba: IIALI.-AGE mm FGFJJ I%@o~m@ 1 ~R~
um early 1990'». mm mmau tool: thntglhnulxi
be rrinvarrzuud for amen ai indnrmualn 10 a numbers
at the £92uwu1&t at Our Gum cult during tin: urly
19%!: ma my additional information he can pcuibly
furnish regarding iuhJaat'I letivltica am Drteruit. aiuringtilt $92=I-I"$.94- u
I92m~'onar, mtila tan to r-cfleat. Int 1FNUIb1g,IH;i0'Ya,
1.1 my, has been aonductmz ta locate ward Bu-swim, um
was I1-rested qrith the subject in Lou Angelou in 1926'. Ban I'rnn<3.1m@
letter um: El-3"?-5'. reflected Dmwldaca: an tubjéos partm-P.
This xmu-mu: could possibly turmaia hoakgmund inforltiara
Gunearning the nubgeot.
The Bu:-nu nhould be advised sf the raulta af
invutiggation aonduamd by um Herwlulu Ottawa an requested
by Chiaaqo letter anm 10--3-5? eomermm; cubjaatw tmaxly.
ne Bureau Malian that mveatigption in thin matter-
ealln tor 1ng',1.mt1on, initiative, and rumareatulnald. Lganm
i handling; this mlttlr atmuld not be eontent to unruly cwer
sagas-stud loads, but uhouid thurmagky and 1531011-12' aalmimethis use and puuuo WII 1 load. In this auanecstion,
tho Bureau in email: toll this mvutzgttm.
i
f
?'
-2- A
COI~£F§T>§ '*T.EAi{
I 3/.._ __ _ A -M-%.._.._.-_-._.--_.'._.~ A._»-- ~ V V ~ ~ ~»- ~ -----» - '- ~ ----=------='----~--;---=-=-0 U!
4-I
I=4Immnn- 1111105-4:042! Q;-£1 18, 1958 ¢q--p-_w" 1--_ - -ww ___"
IE , HIGH!! 00-I368!!
Ill-I-&l%IllD
lRIIlII"l'B--IO!
lnlfh G/15/B8.
Ibo In-an tools tilt autumn! npadtan-0
or investigative time in tun antic; is at an-aid.
the It-trait, Lon Angolan! In lurk Hvtuons
and u Illhilgton 11014 012100 Iinuld Meantime
1I7Ol1i1lI'H-OIL
this 1: to ldvtn the lu-
plmnd tn 1. closed status co»
rqort I111 be mhntttod.
Iu.rQn I-I! '
1: 00-uasoull! i
on us-4lea! u!" ll!
- nnun;-eon nu: 00-0-u:I0! u!
- lcago __ 65$
ALL wonmmuow CONTNNEB4} HEREEN ms u ems WEMI Y ' U A 35/?<§@
I /
/Z _
4!'l'li$_ srimnulurtllul ID-I
Oité Nlewommium - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT
5116, tctroieiflloo-2c.35§_!g=" vm= 2+/is/52
... 4%TO
svnJn¢T= .;.aLL,LCL; .,-0"-on ;<'c-1111, ALLlNF0fMATi@N CONTAINED5 _i_Lj' HEFZ§:N ls Ui92iCLé§Q1 "'- :-.
P
He Chicago letter to Director, dated 3/10/53.
The follovin; invc;*'e;tion wrs c 4
last Lansing, Lickigen, by cg J
1- 92 r'_- 'A/U/5~
<_». f
Referenced_letter requested that the Detroit
mf "" '¢'"Division contcct the no: to oetel ln
source of the information eppesrin"
Qf Qunel5, l§4Z, I
the Moorish pcience Temple
to resolve whether or not.
.- u -I-10 its-1.1.-'-J,
investigation.
C, ' .-"51:1'1 1+/ 92_,//
I;chi;;n State P011
East Lansing, Lie .
in any sub eqtent r
advised that the fi
contain no addition
the alias ofhaving
in the
in thereport oatod
oossession o
report uh
State Police Detect
station ll in East
in this matt
advised the
from the LSP
i
l!!!Hmi4£f}Q§Q$1 .
39>"?/~>S
c
I
e
liei reflected
elias, Davis El, @316 Oakland Ave
port orE1
'2of hmeric
the i;Vl5
entical tie the OTlUln&l
in their memorandum
Cut 7- ,92 92 Q lain L:-A-ilk-.LJl- , K if _ . ' 1 "was drone uulGK ol
oi eno in an attempt
4L, alleged to be an
th the babject of this
F92
hose identity
.c92_' '_"_'_.Oi, B59 AAICJ1
cl information regireing H
JJQ_1vrj_S icommunication at
pl, other than thatQ/>
e
protecteo
her reeuest!must be
-- 3 r- ,92 T3 " '{fl 92-- 92.JCr92_, A O_LlC¬- T1 ';1.
0 --'0 414'-JLAJ,
contsineo
June lo, 1942 a copy of which isthe Detroit FBI Office.
ive,
92
Q.3.I1 .L 1'1 OW £L
I
92 .cording to thethen a ichi;an<<5
K r stationed to
p» -1
Qli_ 4an .
lOO-26356
-Ccer ras Qaptain oi vmo
is deceased.
DETROIT:
"llow, inteLEADS
r
92 ._ 1 -_.r92,92I: ..-..,._--4- P --'2;-'~.'92-:~.~ .. I, I
439 .i.J92-,*ci.L uu111,_ 1..]Ll..;-.LJ::.r.Ii.
11111, "r 47¢
rvien "~¢ atlvc to tne information 92.
appearing in the l ..ted June 16, 1902. It is3-.~ ,~-92 4-, .- .~ _ _ 1'.L£:CO;.;..1;_-1lO_ *' pg; ,_ T31 O1,cit c CO
to to refresh his
report is tvailgble in the
Ithe report be made avallaale
rgcollection inasmuch as that
Detroit Ufficc.
1
e
i
>
-IT
r
2 0 00004
__ - - - -~ --t--- - -I --- _.~.--->-¢-.-92 -._..-_.-.,...,...-.-.-..-.,,_.__,.4. ,_,»/.~: ~.._,;,-..>_.,_; . . ,r
I37
¢
I
1
x
I
14'
92
92
1-a
.,_
;-_ .
.2 r
~" 192_ _= ! .?¬-Fi40¢
II] J
>_ v 1 "- -
' _ __
JDE_lOO-¬¬hQ
92-ii-it ' ii ""{] "
T0:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
L?
INFORMANT|,'_,31!
ACTIVITY
RECEIVED
RECEIVED BY!
LipLOCATIONsmg Datr*o_it DATE? 11/6/5,
- an mioammn B0"W"E° 92
n|.m..u- '-" 'bill" umdhiéfi
* 41¢N01 .
IS NOT
$ who has furnished roliable information
i e st tact ~n pa n P75
October Eh, 1959
October 279 1959 ;¢7q92
personally
/M " ,3~:.>""C»-*%¬"
Inde Coar ISaria11/6/ss Z0 <- L f
_ _ FBI ;- nmmojlm
- 00065 H 366
I
T
<
5
._,
U
- -=1;
W
1
l
E
-J 17?:
:45
.5?1._"'.-2
Ef;
VYE
g *7-
Elir '1
I9292 -- - _ 'i ----,_ _
' - E" u-., ________ ... ._._._.._. . _._.i_._.._ _._.._-.-e_~A_'_.;._.'.. _...- .___.____,__.____.. -. 4 ---- V -7 ~-- - - ---- t
H i- - '1 -- --was J! . _ .x_" 1;-7- _,,- :w_. ._ H- : _. . t. - 4' -_-_ ---q--- ._
_; .: _ 92
nE L100-551,1;
stcr-P515:
Meeting of Twelve Tribes Committee at Temrie lg Detroit,Mich.» 10/Bu/E9; Background c
DETAILS = _
._ The report is dated October Eu, I959,-concerning a meeti
- of the Twelve Tribes Committee-held at B4UHAMMAD s Temple #1,
11529'Linwood9 Detroitg Michigan, the same date.
The various tribes met and discussed ways and means
of raising funds, Inasmuch as all groups intend to keep their
plans 3901-vgr no -1 ---ar-'1-.~.: new 4.n Hé Y'92+!Y1'!°H hf the
e reporx was
ever-s an was in the temple during the days of
WALLACE FARD, the alleged MesSiHh. .
She °Fm9..§°. Vicon s residence,?i@§;sa1d, F
gated she was t a"fo11ower of MARCUS GARVEY.
TD but of Detroit, WALLACE FIRE appeared, according
to her report. Bherolaims there was once 25,000 holy names on
the roll of the temple. -She said the first temple was located
on Hestings Street near Wilkins Street, For a while things went
well, she said. She indicated the turn came when the killing
oceurred and the blame attributed to the Muslims. .-
P9pO§$§!§§!f§_f§?9 e few Muslims in_Detroit
_/
Q
T I
' -, -- . ,2 _, "- _. 5. 7 _,- , A
92 _- - *1." _ "J - , . ,_!.__ .m...__._1., ~ . . H ___. . .'
1: - i}§§§if§®t .;e;;.iQiQQ§§Q;@.. is _-Q;; I Fii- Jw"' " v?w "&» »?foB06{~yw ., r . . it T.~ '>».--.. ;92 _ 1 ; " .J ~' ' _';1 1 ',_i-E 1-- '_-'14-* ". "~ "L-> '.l._- _ 1% -~.-» ' ..= -Q -¢-.*,.§_"i'_;;*. £5? "3" 5_-1'-trawl __.... t . II .. _ Pr» -- '..' ._-_":~:;,¢"e-wé*.»"-=-92-=". _
1,-
ueAq"DE'lOO55h9
Q reported WALLACE FARD and ELIJAH POOLE _._
were arrests an ried as leaders of the Muslims shortly after
the slaying, FARD was told to get out of Detroit, she said,
Prior to leaving FARD designated ELIJAH POOLE minister of the
group. She said there had been many ministensprior to this time
but they all seemed to fail. She states WALLAGE FARD departed
Detroit a few days later and as far as she knows he has neverbeen seen in Detroit since. *say's she believes FARD
is alive but indicates shedmes no know where he is. She said
she doubted if any of the Muslims know where FARD is. She
strongly believes FARD was a foreigner and came to America
from Saudi Arabia. She says she follows ELIJAH POOLE because
she was present when WALLACE FARD designated him minister and
leader of the Muslims, She says there are hundreds of old
Muslims in Detroit but they do not recognize ELIJAH as the
leader and, therefore, refuse to follow him,
ROSCUE MAPPS, SR., spoke to the group and suggested
he had been in the presence of ELIJAH POOLE during dinner the
previous day. Apparently ELIJAH sneaked in for a brief visit.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that a copy of the above memo
be disseminated to the organizational file and to the files
of the above individuals who were noted by the Informant as
being present at instant meeting for use and possible
consideration in the next investigative report submitted
in each case, u
I
1* -3-
00067
"" AU.
HERSAC, ::ra'1'1=nI'r 00-55h?! <3 February 17, 1960
Fmm i Mm92NFORMAHON QOTTE .. Ki HNCLASSIFLNO I in
IS - nor p
On February ll, 1960, Sergeant SIS,
MSP; East Lansing, Mic lep t New
York State Troopers and were in
te prison contact with Michigan State ice
officials in regard to captioned organization. The troopers
had been sent to Illinois and Michigan to discuss police
problems in handling members of NOI , particularly while
confined to state prisons. They were also interested in
information which would assist the New York Attorney General's
Office in handling petitions to have their "religion"
recognized by the State in order that they could hold meetings
within the New York state prisons.
43¢ T100pers ndn contacted the Writer
on vebruary 12, . , an rei era ed the above information.
They also stated that, if possible, they would like to have
any information which would establish the whereabouts of
.D. FARO, the originator of the NOI. The troopers advised
that they realized the confidential nature of our records
but requested any public source information or other items
that would be of assistance to them. They were furnished
with the FBI number and Detroit Police Uepartment number of
FARD inasuch as the initial check with the Detroit Police
Department had failed to reveal a police record for FARE.
It is to bb noted that extensive investigation has
been previous1y_conductsd without establishing the whereabouts
or mno at my time since he left 0.1::-Q12 in 19314.
Above for information only.' ;@- 100-26356 w.D, FARD! t
F5; 43¢
o-.s°°953H il
_ 92__ ___ _ t J:_J|_r_____np_ _ _§:__|A_ _l d__, ,H£;_._r M g _'vs __ _ V I___ f__ H _F
_5_~_J_L_d_h'_H _ I92L : Ill:Aul 9U
6
U 0
0 _IIf Tim__
I . * . _ ' -oat: Rece92ved £;~ - 1' .___ .m,.._ -_..._____ -_i__.. __,__J_.._-...%._. __ . . __ ___.. - ~ - - =- ' '.-*=.i-A'.!-*."¥-'73-I ~
Mime of LO ribu 0!/- ~<r"/.2?
.+, - Audra-no con [7 W $71 - £_i.xJ¬j- ,< " . _ _-,e=.k ,-0 -. '_ F ,-831- a WM PP? /-M , "
""B° ° ""%_f 3;" 35 F5:r# 5-404.-.:-_
__,. _.-V.__.e Y . >Description. - -1-=--15-'"*--"=;:
j ALL mrnawmou commas:
_ HEREIN IS UNCLASSIF N % W...-.S..§ A 3-S79
- ..- _
. K. _
' 4- -92- *
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Name._..I l_EA92 2' THIS S"AC.E ELANvi
A1ias".......
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, %%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
_7__ _7<JClassica ti» ...... . ..._-........__ ..........
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THE VOODOO CULT AMONG NEGRO MIGRANTS " --~ -
IN DETROIT
ERDIIANN noams BEYNON
ABSTRACT
The "Nation of lalarn," usually known as the Voodoo Cult," belongs to a chain ol
movements arising out of the growing disillusionment and race consciousness of recent
Negro migrants to northern industrial cities. The attention oi the general public has
been directed to sensational episodes in the history of this cult, such as the occurrence
of human sacrice, but the reorientation of the personality of its members has been
ignored. The members of the cult have been isolated from the social organization of
the community in which they lived, but they have tn-maintained their functional rela-
tionship in the metropolitan economy from which they derive their means of livelihood
and in which they have been able to make more satisfactory adjustments As a result
of the teaching of this cult. they have gained a new conception of themselves and regard
themselves as superior, rather than inferior. to other people.
The Negro sect known to its members as the Nation oi Islam"
or the Muslim$." but to the police as the Voodoo Cult, has sig-
nicance for social science research partly because of its synthesis
of heterogeneous cultural elements and partly bccau:-".v oi its uiiiqm
expression of race consciousness. ll tl'1t' movement be viewed as the
life-cycle of a cult. however, its various phases tend to show an
orderly progression through which the attitudes of its devotees were
molded to a common pattern. There developed among them a way
of living which isolated them to a certain extent from all persons
not members of their cult. even though they themselves remained
scattered among an urban population of their own race and color.
In their trade relations the members of this cult have continued
to live, like othvr N egroes, within the ecological organization oi the
Negro community oi Detroit. Their principal occupational adjust-
ment has been factory labor, and thus the cult members have main-
tained a functional relationship with the metropolitan economy out-
side of the Negro community. At the same time, however, they
' Spelling: Moslem"; pronounced: "Muslim." This is one of the changed pro-
nunciations by which initiates recognize each other. The Moorish-Americans also are
Moslems," but pronounce the word as spelled.
' No effort is made in this paper to trace relationship between this cult and Voodoo-
ism in Haiti and other West Indian islands. The cult received the name "Voodoo"
solely because oi cases of human sacrice. 1
804
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VOODOO CULT AMONG NEGRO MIGRANTS 395
have severed contacts with the social organization of the Oommunity
in which they live, so that they have gained isolation almost as
eectively as did the members of agricultural religious communities
who migrated to new homes.
THE BEGINNING OF THE MOVEHENT
The prophet and founder oi the cult made his rst appearance
among the Negroes of Detroit 3.5 B peddler. Like other fb ild
Syrian petidlers, he went from house to house carrying his wares.
He Came rst to our houses selling raincoats, and then afterwards silks. In
this way he could get into the people's houses. for every woman was eager to
see the nice things the peddlars had for sale. He told us that the silks he carried
were the same kind that our people used in their home country and that he
had come from there. So we all asked him to tell us about our own country.
If we asked him to eat with us, he would eat whatever we had on the table, but
after the meal he began to talk: "Now don't eat this food. it is poison for you.
The people in _92-our own country do not eat it. Since they eat the right kind oi
loud they have the best health all the time. If you would live just like the
people ll] 9292.!UF home country, _92'uu would never be sick any more." we all
wanted him to tell Us more about ourselves and about our home country and
dlmut huu u 1' uuld ht free i!0ITI rheumatism 3.CllCS Ultl jllilt-i.-i
I
At lih sirangt-r's suggestion a group of people was invited to one
of the houst-~ visited b_92' him. so that on a particular evening they all
n-light ht-nr litt story in which all alike were so much interested.
AttuSlun1etl as these people were to the mttage prayer meetings of
the Negro .92it-thoelist and Baptist churches they found no difficulty
in holding informal meetings in their homes.
ilhi- Iormi-r |!&'tl il¬l' now assumed the role oi prophet. During
the early pcrimi oi his ministry he used the Bible as his textbook,
since it was the only rciigious book with which the majority of his
hearers were familiar. With growing prestige over u constantly in-
creasing group, the prophet became bolder in his denunciation of
the Caucasians and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in
such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional
crisis. Brother Chaliar Shairrieii told of the crisis through which he
himself passed after hearing the prophets message:
= Sister Henlir Mailed, iormerly, Mrs. Lawrence Adams.
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L896 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL or socrowov
The very nt time I went to a meeting I heard him say: The Bible tells
you that the sun rises and sets. That is not so. 'I'he sun stands still. All your
lives you' have been thinking that the earth never moved. Stand and look
toward the sun and know that it is the earth you are standing on which is
moving." Up to that day I always went to the Baptist church. After I heard
that sermon from the prophet, I was turned around completely. When I went
home and heard that dinner was rady, I said: l dont want to eat dinner.
I just want to go bad to the meetings." I wouldn't mt my meals but I goes
back that night and I goes to every meeting after that. ]ust to think that the
sun above me never moved at all and that the earth we are on was doing ail
the moving. That changed everything for me! 1,
The report of the prophets message spread through the Negro
community. Many of those who heard him invited their friends
and relatives to come to the meetings, appealing either to their
curiosity or to deeper interests. The attendance at the house meet-
ings increased so much that the prophet was compelled to divide
his hearers into several groups. the mt-nrhers of each of whirh were
permitted to hear his mcssagr only 3t,th:' time assigned to their
group. The inconvenience was so ohviou:-" that the prophe-is fol-
lowers readily Contributed money SUllll'it'HI to hire a hall whirh was
tted up as the Temple. _
rm; PROPHET
Although the prophet lived in Detroit from July 4, 19505 until
June 3o. 1934, virtually nothing is known about him, save that he
came from the East and that he "called" the Negroes of North
America to enter the Nation of Islam. His very name is uncertain.
He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard,
though he used also the iollowing names: Professor Ford, Mr. Far-
rad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohamrned Ali. One of the few survivors
who heard his rst addresses states that he himself said: My name
is W. D. Fiard and I came from the Holy City of Mecca. More about
myself I will not tell you yet, for the time has not yet come. I am
your brother. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes. Leg-
ends soo'n sprang up about this mysterious personality. Many mem-
hers of the cult hold that the prophet was born in Mecca. the son
of wealthy parents of the tribe of the Koreish, the tribe from which
Brother Challar Sharrie, formerly, Mr. Charles Peoples.
i Interview with Iuirs. Carrie Ieopi|s Sister Carrie ivioharnmcdj.
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VOODOO CUIT AMONG NEGRO MIGRANTS 397
Mohamrned the Prophet sprang, and that he was Closely related by
blood to the dynasty of the Hashimide sheriffs of Mecca who be-
came Lings of Lhe Heju. He is said to have been educated at at
college in England, in preparation for a diplomatic career in the
service of the kingdom of the Hejaz, but to have abandoned every
thing to bring freedom, justice and equality, to his uncle
living in the wilderness of North America, surrounded and robbed
completely by the Cave Man.
There has grown, however, among the members of the cult a
belief that the prophet was more than man, as Brother Yussuf
Mohammed claimed: "When the police asked him tivho he was, he
said: I am the Supreme Ruler of the Universe. He told those
police more about himself than he would CF31 [Ell US.
rue r-iioaoes WHO HEARD rue cAi.t"
Not all who attended the tnA L .-I 61'. 6.. -..-a92_'-t -_.....,92ng5 au u'¬?Li'u L111: Suugcl a 1113-
sage a.tct"|ited him as a prophet. Many ridiculed his attacks against
the Caucasians and were angered by his criticisms of the churches
and the preachers. During the tour years of his ministry, however,
approximately eight thousand Negroes in Detroit heard the call"
and became members of the Nation of Islam. Interviews with more
than two hundred M05le1n families showed that with less than half-
a-dozen exceptions all were recent migrants from the rural South,
the majority having come to Detroit from small communities in
Virginia, South Carolina. Georgia. Alabama, and Mississippi. In-
vestigations of cult members by the Wayne County Prosecutor's
ofce also indicated the same origin. The interviews disclosed that
Sister arrie Moharnrned and certain others claim that the prophet graduated
from the University of Southern Ta|iIornia in Los Angeles
I Syrnbolizcd by the letters F J E on the Muslim hanging in the home of every
cult member. ;
The American Negroes-; the black men in the wilderness of North Arnerica --
are referred to symbolically in the cult ritual as the undc of Mr. W. U. Ford." Mos-
lems oi the East~Syri.ms, Turh and others--are referred to as the second uncle of
Mt. W. ll. Fard. 1' '
' Prophet W. D. Farcl, Tnckiagfor hie Last Found Notion of {shun in 0 illntlleuuatical
Way, Problem No. 30.
" l-htimated by ofcials of the cult. Detective: at the Special Investigation Squad
of the Detroit Police Department estimate 5,000.
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* 92B93 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
the Moslems not only had migrated recently from the South, but
also had visited their old homes in the South one or more times after
their migration and before they had come into contact with the
Nation of Islam. Through these visits they had become more eon-
scious of race discrimination on the part of the Caucasians. .-llter
their brief sojourn in the North th'ey tended to reinterpret with
sinister implications incidents of race contact in the South. They
began to realize that lynchings and the indignities oi the jim Crow
system were perpetrated by Caucasians. ilrho worshiped the same
God as they did and worshiped Him in the same way. In many of
its parts the Secret Ritual of the cult reects the aroused feelings
with which these Negroes returned from their visits to the South.
Me and my people who have been lost from home for 37o _92t'ars
have tried this so-called m_92-'ster_92' God for hreacl, clothing and a lllJITlt'
And we receive nothing but hard times, hunger. naked and out of
doors. Also was beat and killed by the ones that aclvoczited that
kind of God.""
The illitt-rac_92' oi the southern .92'egr0e.~I now seemed llir to Cauca-
sian "triclrnollogj.'." Why does the devil keep our [!t'u|_1lI' iliiu-r
ate? ho that he can We theni for a tool and also a slaw-. He l92 't']92~
them hlind to tlieni.-at-Ives so that he can master them.""
A92l92'&l-ic'l192'1l already to a consciou.-enes.+ ol rare t'llSLllI'lllI'l21llHll. ll'lt.'~l
migrants from the South came into contact with militant rnote
ments among ti921l'lh¬I'l'l Negroes. lf3 llt'£tll_92' none ol them had been
in the North. prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey m0ver"nr11I
A iew of tnem had come under the in tluencc of the Moorish-Arneri
can cult which succeeded it. The eettt of both these I" J92.tl1l.tl'll.92
upon the luture members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect.
Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. The
Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Anuericans. proclaimed
that these people were descendants of Morrocans." The newer
migrants entered a social milieu in which the atmosphere was tilled
" W11. Fard. .i'ecn-!R1'lua.I aflhe Notion of Islam. Part IL sec. ll. "I his has la-:cn pre-
icrved as an oral tradition, memorized verbatim try the pupils at the lniversit_v of
Islam. Only a few manuscript Copies are extant.
" A cult term pronounced lrickenollogy."
'1 Fard, Sun! Ritual. |'art 1. set. o.
Q, '* Koran Qucsliansfor Jfnorish Americans l"hicago_ H123!, p. r, quest 14
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VOODO0 CULT AMONG NEGRO MIGRANTS 399
with questions about the origin of their people. Long before their
new prophet appeared among them they were wondering who they
were and whence they had oorne.
The migrants did not nd life in the North as pleasant as they
had expected it to be, when rst they came to the land of hope,"
as the North was known in Negro poetry and song. The depression
deprived them of their means of livelihood, and they suffered their
rst experience of urban destitution. Though public relief came to
their rescue. the attitudes shown by the welfare agents increased
their hatred of the Caucasian civilization. Fprced to stand waiting
for hours to receive their dole, these people began to believe that
race discrimination was evident in the North as well as in the South.
The welfare workers including those even of their own racebe-
came symbolic oi all that these people hated.
An Asiatic trend among Negro dole recipients of the Elmwood district, noted
at the time as a. passing whim, to-day mme back with hol'ror to two women
welfare workers on learning that the fanatical Robert Harris had intended them
for human sacrices as indels . . . . Harris stated to the police that each of
these was a "no good Christian," and that they would have been sacriced if he
knew where he could have found them."
A further disillusionment came from their own physical discom-
fort resulting from iiie in crowded quarters in a northern city. Un-
accustomed to the climate of the North. and especially to its winters,
these people soon developed many bodily ailments. Their oondition
is described by the Prophet F ard in his teaching:
He had fever. headaches, chills, grippe, hay fever, regular fever, rheumatism,
also pains in all joints. I-le was disturbed with foot ailment and toothaches.
His pulse beat more than eighty-eight times per minute: therefore he goes to
the doctor every day and gets medicine for every day in the year: one after
each meal and three times a day, also one at bedtime."
The migrahts realized that they suffered much more physical pain
than they had in their old homes. They connected this suffering
with the ciyilization ofithe white man to whose cities they had come.
Even before they met the prophet, they had begun to blame the
Caucasian for their aches and pains.
i Delrail Times, November 22, 193:.
" Teaclaingfar the Lost Found Nation oflrlam in a Mathematical Way, Problem No. 6.
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92900 .'!'HE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
III ORGANIZED CULT
Malmdjusted migrant Negroes came into contact with the prophet
at the informal meetings in thdr own homes. With the change to
temple servioes the movement took on a more formal character. The
teaching became systematized. Membership was recognized and
"registered." The movement itself became organized in a hierarchi-
cal manner. ;
The prophets message was characterized by his ability to utilize
to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. Their physi-
cal and economic difficulties alike were used to illustrate the new
teaching 5imilarly, biblical prophecies and the teaching of Marcus
Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of
the new prophet. As additional proofs of his message, the prophet
referred his followers to the Writings of Judge Rutheriord, of Je-
h0va.hs Witnesses, to a miscellaneous collection of books on Free-
masonry and its symbolism, and to some well-known works, such
as Breasteds Conquest of Civilization and Hendrik van Loons Story
of Mankind. Since many of these people were illiterate, it became
necessary to organize classes in Englkh so that they might be able
to read the proofs about themselves." They were also instructed
to purchase radios in order that they might listen to the addresses
of Judge Rutherford, Frank Norris, the Baptist fundamentalist,
and others. The prophet explained to the people that the recom-
mended books and addresses were symbolic and could be understood
only through the interpretation which he himself would give at the
temple services. The Koran itself was soon introduced as the most
authoritative of all texts for the study oi the new faith. The prophet,
however, uded only the Arabic text which he translated and ex-
plained to, the believe:-s. Here too they were oompletely dependent
upon his interpretation.
To give more systematic character to his teaching, the prophet
himself prepared certain texts which served as authoritative manuals
of the religion and were memorized verbatim by all who became
members of the Nation oi Islam.
The prophefs teaching was in substance as follows:
block men in North America are not Negroes. but members of the lostmoth; Shcblzz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago.
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VOODOO CULT AMONG NEGRO IIIGRIANTS 90!
TH|IOphetelmetoAIsa'iclt0ndlndtoh!in.3hlcktoliIeh'nlongloet
hdlnn,fromwhomtheCauca|inmhndt1kenlInytheirhngulge,their
llltioalllitbirliigion. Hu'einA.mericliheywerelivingot.ha'thl.nthem-
selves. '1heynu.nlurnt.hattheyI-retheoriginll peoplqnohleetoftheneonl
oltheelrth. 'IheCeuen.nn.mu-etheoolored people,sincethey have lost their
origiml color. The original people must 1-"gain their religion, which is Islam,
their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher
mllhemltics, especially alculus. They must live according to the law of
Allah. avoiding all meet of "poison a.ninuu.s, hogs, ducks, geese, 'p0saums and
<-,-mish. They mun give up completely the use of stimulants, especially liquor.
they must clan: themselves up-both their bodies and their houses. If in this
way they obeyed Allah, he would take them hack to the Pandile ii-om which
they had been |tolenthe Holy City of M0061." A
Those who accepted this teaching became new men and women,
or, as the prophet expressed it, were restored to their original and
true selves. As s mark of this restoration the prophet gave them
back their original names which the Caucasians had taken from
them. Since a sum of money-~-usually ten dollars--was required to
secure the original name. this work must have been extremely prot-
ahlv Iu the prophet. Each new believer wrote Q separate letter asking
+- Ȣ his original name. which the prophet was supposed to know
inrough the Spirit oi Allah within him. Examples of the changed
names are;
jxph She,'>e.rd %r::e jam Shr...
Lindsey Glrrett became Huziez A
Henrv Wells became Anwar Pasha
William Blunt became Slmrrie Allah.
Apparent mistakes sometimes occurred when three or more brothers
applied for new names. neglecting to mention in their letters that
they were blood brothers. Thus, despite his omniscience, the prophet
once gave the surnames of Sharrie, Karrie-rn, and Mohammed to
the three Poole brothers. The prophet explained seeming @3-
take as due to his divine knowledge of the dierent paternity of the
three brothers. ,' i p
T Compiled from {lie three tens ialued by the prophet: Taackingfor the Les! Found
Nation of Islam in Q Moth!-Ilalicdl Way. eonliiting of 34 problems. "rm. text In
printed, but given only to registered Moslcml. Sucre: Rims! id the Native of Islam,
Part I, in 14 e¢c5.;1'1I|id.,P92It I1, in 40 lacs.
The .*-cent Ritual was, and still is, truumiited orally. The entire teaching is sym-
bulic and can be understood only b_y the initiates.
i1
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..,--en;902 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
The people who secured the new names value them as their great-
est treasure. I wouldn't give up my righteous name. That name
is my life." They became so ashamed of their old slave names that
they considered that they could suer no greater insult than to be
addressed by the old name. They sought to live in conformity with
the Law of Islam as revealed to them by the prophet. so that they
might be worthy of their original names. Gluttony, drunkenness.
idleness, and extra-marital sex relations, except with ministers oi
Islam, were prohibited completely. They bathed at least once a
day and kept their houses scrupulously" clean, so that they might
put away all marks of the slavery from which the restoration of the
original name had set them free.
The rapid increase in membership made necessary the develop
ment of a formal organization. Subsidiary organizations had been
established as the need lor them arose. Chief of these was the Uni~
versity oi Islam to which the children of Moslem families were
sent rather than to the public schools. Here they were taught the
knowledge of our own," rather than the civilization of the Cauca-
sian devils. Courses were given in higher mathematics," astrono-
my, and the general knowledge and ending of the spook civiliza-
tion. That women might keep their houses clean and cook food
properly, there was established the Moslem Girls Training and Gen-
eral Civilization Class. Fear of trouble with the unbelievers, espe-
cially with the police, led to the founding of the Fruit of Islam~~
a military organization for thelmen who were drilled by captains
and taught tactics and the use of firearms. Each oi these organiza-
tions '-vas under the tontrol of a group oi officers trained specially
by the prophet for their task. Finally the entire movement was
placed under a. Minister oi Islam and a corps of assistant ministers,
all of whom had been selected and trained by the prophet. Within
three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized
it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background.
appearing almost never to his followers during the nal months of
his residence in Detroit. This was undoubtedly an important factor
in the cults survival after the proph.-:t's departure.
" Mrs. William Moy, renamed Sister Rosa Karriem.
i
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VOODOO CULT AMONG NEGRO MIGRANTS 903
SCHISMS AND PERSECUTIONS
Inher . apparently in the prophets masage were certain teach-
ings which, from the very beginning of the movement, led to schisrns
within the membership of the cult and to persecution from without.
The prophet proclaimed that his followers did not belong to Amer-
ica. They were citizens of the Holy City of Mecca and their only
allegiance was to the Moslem flag. Their children must be removed
from the public schools and sent to the University of Islam. In
revolt against this position, Abdul Mohammed, one of the rst offi-
cers in the temple, seceded and organized a small Moslem group of
his own in which the cardinal principle was loyalty to the Constitu-
tion oi the United States and to its flag; The attendance ofcers
of the Board of Education and the police attempted to break up
the University of Islam and to compel the children to return to the
public schools. This led to a severe riot in which the members of the
cult tried to storm the police headquarters. Fearful of race riots,
the judges of the recorders court released with suspended sentence
almost all of the rioters. Since that time the University of Islam
has continued its classes.
More serious diiculties arose over the question of human sacri-
tice The prophets position on this question was never made clear.
He taught explicitly that it was the duty oi every Moslern to oer
as sacriure tour _aucas-ian devils in order that he might return to
his home in Mecca." The prophet also taught that Allah demands
obedience unto death from his followers. No Moslem dare refuse
the sacrice of himself or of his loved ones if Allah requires it. On
November 21. 1932, the people of Detroit became conscious of the
presence of the cult through its rst widely publicized human sacri-
tice. A prominent member, Robert Harris, renamed Robert Kar-
riem, erected an altar in his home at 1 249 Dubois Street and invited
his roomer, john j. Smith, to present himself as a human sacrice,
so that he might become, as Harris said, the Saviour of the world.
Smith agreed, andlat the hour appointed for the sacrice~g:oo
A11.-Harris plunged a. lmiie into Smiths heart. After constant re-
currences of rumors of human sacrice or attempted sacrice, on
;lg.;1_g.;,-y ggi rm-1 Vet-lane Mr-Om:-an rnnarnnrl VF!-ens A1; 10;-0&3; --,.d', s w"--rw -1-us--.9." us.-4_-hum; vu ;
" Fard, Secret Rilsci, Part 1, 1'... fro.
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904 - THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
of one of the assistant ministers, was arrested as he prepared for
the ceremonial-slaying and cooking of his wife and daughter. This
sacricewas, as he said, to have cleansed him from all sin."
These cases of human sacrice have directed to the cult much
attention from the Police Department so that the cult has been
forced to pursue many of its activities in secret. The question of
sacrice has ted aiso to serious intemal ciashes. Rebels against the
Will of Allah," as they are called, have left the Temple and organized
another Temple oi Islam, desiring to remain within the framework of
the cult but to avoid human sacricegrthe necessity of which as an
ezpiation of sin forms one oi the most hotly debated s ts among
the cult members.
Persecutions and schisms alike have tended to increase the cul-
tural isolation of the members of this group. The eect oi the
schisms was selective, leaving within the parent organization those
who were bound together by common attitudes and common loyal-
ties. Attacks made on the cult by the Police Department have been
instigated usually by the leaders of Negro organizations. These per-
secutions have led naturally to a greater solidarity among the cult
members and to a constantly increasing isolation oi the Moslems
from the other residents of the Detroit Negro community.
EFFORTS TO EXPLUIT THE MUVEIIENT
The solidarity and cultural iwlation of the Mosiems have ren-
dered ineectual the various attempts made by interested parties
to redirect the activities of the cult in order to further their own
particular purposes. The rst of these efiorts was made by the Com-
munists in r932, but the cult members rebuffed their appeal. Then
came Major Takahashi, a reserve Japanese oicer, who sought to
lead theiM0slems to swear allegiance to the Mikado: Only a small
minority of the members followed him into the new movement he
organiaedThe Development oi Our Own. With his deportation,
this schmisrnatic movement came to nought. An Ethiopian, Wyat-
zewixard S. J. Challouehliczilczese, sought in June, 1934, to re-
organize Lhe movement as a means oi sending nancial support Jo
Ethiopia. This too, was unsuccessful. At present the members of
the cuit have come under the inuence of certain anti-Union inter-
? .--... _
00096
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IVOQDOD CULT AMONG NEGRO MIGRANTS 905
eats and talk violently of the war of the C.I.O. against Allah, and
the :-.% of removing from the Planet Earth Q Union orgmizers.
While this trend seems very pronounced at present, it is unlikely
to leave any permanent impression upon the movement, and still
less likely to detach from the Nation of Islam any of its members.
ADJUSTMENTS or cum" nrimaas IN ma
URBAN aconolnr
At the time of their rst contact with the prophet, practically all
the members of the cult were recipients of public welfare, unem-
ployed, and living in the most deteriorated areas of Negro settle-
ment in Detroit. At the present time there is no known case of un-
employment among these people. Practically all of them are work-
ing in the automobile and other factories. They live no longer in
the slum section around Hastings Street, but rent homes in some
of the best economic areas in which Negroes have settled. They
tend to purchase more expensive furniture, automobiles, and clothes
than do their neighbors even in these areas of higher-class residence.
This improved economic adjustment is due, doubtless. partly to post-
depression conditions of employment and to the increased hiring
of Negroes as a result of recent labor troubles. The members of the
cult, however. claim that they have secured work much more easily
than have other Negroes. They offer thanks to Allah for this evi-
dence of his favor. To some extent their claim appears to be justi-
fied, though no statistical study has yet been made of comparative
unemployment of cult members and other recent Negro migrants.
Through the Nation of Islam they have gained a new status and a
new condence in themselves. When they meet Caucasians, they
rejoice in the knowledge that they themselves are superiors meeting
members of an inferior race. Employment managers tend to accept
more readily persons whose appearance gives evidence of clean liv-
ing and self-reliance, than those who show the marks of debauchery,
defeat, and despair. f
The ascetic manner of life of the Moslems also has contributed to
their economic improvement. No money whatever is spent by them
on liquor, tobacco, or pork. Their one meal of the day consists al-
"Written in August, I937.
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906 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY
most entirely of vegetables and fruits. Consequently their expendi-
ture on food is signicantly smaller than is that of other Negroes
in Detroit. This economy in consumption, however, is not extended
to visible marks of status, such as houses, automobiles, and clothes.
The prophet taught them that they are the descendants of nobles
in the Holy City oi Mecca. To show their escape from slavery and
their restoration to their original high status, they feel obliged to
live in good houses and to wear good clothes. Despite their expendi-
ture on these items, members of the cult constantly declare that
they are ashamed that they have not been able to purchase better
commodities or to rent liner homes This furniture is the best we
could allord to buy here in the wilderness of North America, where
we have to live other than ourselves. When we go home to Mecca.
we will be able to get really good furniture, just like all our people
who live there use.
RELATION ro OTHER NEGRO 'L'l.TS
The story oi the Nation of Islam cannot be considered as complete
in itself. Militant and cultist movements among migrant Negroes
in the cities of the North have formed a sort of tree. After one
branch has groyn. ourished. and begun to decay, another shoot.-1
up to begin over again the same l_92'L'll, though always with an in-
creasing degree of race-Consciousm-5.-» and anti-Caucasian prejudice
Out of the wreck of the Marcus Garvey movement, there sprang
Phoenix-like the Moorish-American cult of which the prophet was
Noble Drew Ali. After this prophets disappearance and the stabi-
lization of the movement as a formally organized denomination,
there sprang up the Nation of Islam. Although the cultural isola-
tion of the members of this cult has not declined during the three
years of their prophets absence, there are many evidences of the
loss of militant aggressiveness which once characterized this group.
The organization also is tiznding to becomepmore amorphous. From
among the larger group of Moslems there has sprung recently an
even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. This
new movement, ltnown as the Temple People, identies the prophet,
Mr. W. D. Fard, with the god Allah. To Mr. Fard alone do they
offer prayer and sacrice. Since Mr. Fard has been deied, the
i
92
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VOODOO CULT AMONG NEGRO MIGRANTS 907
Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of
Islam, Rlijah Mohamrned, now a resident of Chicago. He is always
referred to reverently as the Prophet Elijah in Chicago. A former
assistant of his, the Haitian Theodore Rozier, has become the
minister and director of the new movement.
Thus continues the chain of these movements, each running
through its cycle of growth and decay and all of them interwoven
as strands of a. web. Fundamental to them all is the effort of migrant
Negroes to secure a status satisfactory to themselves after their
escape from the old southern accommodation of white and Negro.
l'mvr;Rs1Tv or Mtctncm
" Hi.-R slave name was Elijah Poole, The pmphel conferred on him the name of
"Elijah Kan-iem. The Temple People claim that Mr. W. IJ. Fard himselfchanged this
name later Lu "Elijah Mohammed to indicate the higher status to which the minister
W85 l'tt|lt'd. Moslems opposed to the Temple People deny this and continue to speak oi
Brother l-Ilijah Karriern."
" Une of the newer Converts, Brother Theodore Rozier, admits that he never saw
the "Savior," Mr. W. I!. Fard. and that he learned of [slam solely through his contact
with the "Prophet Elijah Moha.r1§tnetl"' Upponents of the Temple People contend that
Brother Theodore Rozier is not qualified to he minister nf [slam since he received the
revelation "secot92d- ha.nil,
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