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To Inn uinmurun
D. H. dd
rd c!HIGHL ER FOLK SCHOOL
MYLE HORTON, DIRECTOR
5 INTER AL SECURITY C!FROM :
SUBJECT:
PURPOSE
To explain;~RQP§H§R§.Poanswering the letter of Myles Horton, director of the Highlander
Folk School.i
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UNITED siwfas GOVERNMENT
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ALL |NFORMATI~ON c0z~s924§,.@Efv§§§
HEREIN s NCLASSIFIED miDATEr-2224184 BYJF>5 g lehI ?¢l"92924>'<Jd- ' "F9921. ¥'9quee_1=....the dale in
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Under date of December 10, 1950, Myles Horton, who is the
subject of a closed security investigation; wrote a letter to
Assistant Director Hugh D, Qlegg letter and enclosures attached!,-
asking Mr. Clegg to comment on a news release which set forth the
aims and purposes of the Highlander Folk School. He further made
reference to an alleged statement
cerning the news release.made by an Agent of the FBI con-
According to the various time stamps, the letter was
received at the Bureau on December 15, 1950 Friday!. It was
received in Mr. Tolson's office at h:06 PM, December 18 Monday!.
Mr. Clegg's office received it at5:10 PM, December 19. It was
received back in Mr. Tolson's office at 5:56 PM, December 20.
It was received in Mr. Ladd's office at 6:15 PM, December 20 and
was received by the Security Investigative Division Mr. Belmont's
office! on December 21, 1950, for handling.
It was noted in Myles Horton's letter that he accused an
Agent of making an improper statement and in order to clear up this
item, SAC Robey of Knoxville was telephonically contacted at 11:00 AM,
December 21, 1950, and instructed to make inquiry among the Agents of
his office to determine if any Agent had made the alleged statement.
On the same day, while awaiting areply from the Knoxville Office,
e file review concerning the Highlander Folk School and Myles Horton
was made.
A teletype reply was received from the Knoxville Office
at 5:21 PM, December 21, 1950, wherein the alleged statement referred
to in Horton's letter was emphatically denied. On the morning of
December 22, 1950 Friday!, e memorandum was prepared, setting forthbackground data concerning the Highlander o'k Qghqol d Myl eHorton attached!, to which was attached gfébpo ee2né?§yee,7;Z;3
Myles Horton over your signature.
Attachment _s 1d Y 61-T511 __ .--at-_{i%~ Ply 6,/;¢q?/ ' '1P Y JAN 20 I951.
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Qd {VI _ '~. LETTER FROM MYLES HORTON, HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, ONTEAGLE, T0
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-v - - R ,- _ V IN HIS LETTER TO MR. CLEGG DATED DECEMBER TEN LAST AND. >.;~-5;-._:;f~; _@..: ~ -~ -- ~---»---.....~... T -~-. ...---~~ --~~
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i=3YTQET WILLIAM WALTER REMINGTON PERJURY CASE. BOTH AGENTS STATE
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FBI KN LLE 12-'21-50 5-21PM HB ..- ' I 924? I, {XRECTOR FBI ATT.-- NSPECTOR LOLI LAUGHLIN Q L
ASSISIANT DIRECTOR H H CLEGG, BUREAU Ra TELEPHONE cnu. INSPECTOR Q
LAUGHLIN TODAY MYLES HORTON CONTACTED DECEMBER SEVEN, FIFTY BY SAS.
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NO STATE!-IEN
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~ALI.EGATION. SIGNED STATEMENTS BEING TAKEN FROM AGENTS AND BEING
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ST192NDA.'RDFORMND.5l J~Oi66 Memoragidum - UNITED sTA1% GOVERNMENT
T0 = MB, A, H; BELMONTd2J¬g;_* DATE: December 21, 1950
//j FROM =
,1Tolncn. L. L. LAUGHL§ M
Il'GHL.- vote FOLK ' HOOL E;f?,.
sun;-sch JwLe.s' LEJORTON, nrescrron .,=,,,,,
" : rmsrenzmt seconrrr - e ;;_-;;_-_
e Bureau File 61-7511! mnJ *
Idiom
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Horton, Director of the Highlander
Tennessee. I also dictated to Hr.
attached to Mr. Horton's letter to Hr. Glegg
Mr. Robey was instructed to make the necessaryFolk School Monteagle £3 _Robey the press release f%£TT%§1;f
inqairy among the Agents of his Office for the purpose ofidentifying the Agent who, according to Mr. Horton's letter, told
him that the contents of the news release which he enclo
his letter would be considered dommunistic by a majority
Southern people.
I requested Mr. Robey to look into this matter
immediately and to jurnish the Bureau very promptly with
results of his inquiry.r
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JAN 19 1951 Tsed with
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I called SAC Robey of Knoxville at 11:00 A.M. today hm
and read to him the letter addressed to Hr, Clegg by Hyles hmL___-ii?--
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K Q: K .,O]_'C¬ - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT
To =Mr- I-add mm December 22, 1950
__?____-_~._____-§ 'Io1:on__iFROM =_!-r. Bah? gee?suB;1;¢r= .>11cr11;,zan~ FOLK scnoot , 5 /' 3l§'l§§'::um: Iomon DIRECTOR ' c . ]. ;;§1f--»mm 53963111 - G ALL INFORMATION cqu]A||§;E0 ,;,,,,,__Bureau :11. # 61-7511 HEREIN IS UiiCLASSi'rl':D ' .92
DATE~4ohBYae {§a
To recommend that the attached letter be approved for
transmittal to Myles Horton, Director of the Highlander Folk School.
This letter is in reply to a letter which Horton directed to Assistant
Director H. H. Clegg at the Bureau.
n. --
Uhder date of December 10, 1950, Horton wrote the attached
letter to Assistant Director H. H. Clegg. He attached a statement of
"~ = 'purpose, program, and policy of the Highlaner Folk School which was
'approved by the Executive Council on April 3, 1950, and a press release
of the school dated November 20, 1950. In his letter Horton indicated
that a Special Agent of the Bureau had commented that the news release
would be considered Communistic by a majority of Southern people. He
contrasted the alleged statement of the Agent with the recent position
taken by Assistant Director Clegg at the "New York Herald Tribune"
I Forum. . ~
On December 21, 1950, the Knoxville Office was telephonically
contacted and advised of the alleged statement made by a Special Agent
of the Knoxville Office. Under the same date the Knoxville Office
replied by the attached teletype that Eyles Horton had been contacted
on December, _?[,__l95O, by Special Agents and -
;:1__, in connection with the William Walter Remington perjury
' case. Both Agents have stated emphatically that Horton did not shoe
them the news release referred to in Horton's letter to &$$iSt8nt
Director Clegg and no statement was made by either Agent that would
even remotely approach Horton's allegations.
For your information the High1ander_Folk School is thesubject of an eight section Bureau investigation. This school was rt
founded in Monteagle, Tennessee and a charter of incorporation, under "*
the Code of Tennessee, was taken out on July 31, l93h. TheM§§§gol
at_its inception ias supported by memher§_of th§_§§¢1a1i5t P3???
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of national_Qr9min§nce,inn1uding_Norman_Ihnmas. The school Ins founded
"to provide an educational center in the South for the training of
rural and industrial leaders and for the conservation and encouragement
of the indigenous cultural values of the mountains." Myles Horton, the
present Director was one of the original incorporators. A stud1;g£
the program of the Highlander Folk_Schoo1 indicates that the school
followed thé1Qommunist,Party;line,tora_certain_degree, Literature
received by and distributed by the school consists of labor pamphlets,
magazines, Socialist literature, and to some extent Communist literature.
The school is not believed to have passed out pamphlets of the Communist
Party as such but has contented itself with providing publications such
as "Soviet Power," "Communist Manifesto," and literature which presents
the broad picture of Communism rather than that representing the various
turnings of the Communist Party line. Many individuals of high Govern?
!92ment, labor and social standing have endorsed this school from time toi|time,inCluding Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Hrs. Hugo L. Black, John L.Llewis, Mrs. Harold L. Ickes, and others. 1-7511-132!
Horton was horn July 9, L905, at Savannah, Tennessee. The
investigation revealed that no definite proof of membership in the
Communist Party has been developed concerning Horton; however, there is
considerable information reflecting his close association with Communists
and having Communist sympathies.
' H- o mendatio . .
It is recommended that the attached letter be transmitted
to Horton in reply to his letter to Assistant Director H. H. Clegg. /
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at » 1/:5rl»1»H- L it h to
Ur. Hylee Hortoa'v- ' R
Director r
Highlander Folk School "_ -
Eonteagle, Tenneeeee -
Dear Sire f ' . 71177
This will acknowledge your letter cf
December 10, 1950- " V
_ It hoe long been the eetabliehe
procedure of this Bureau t o refrain from oommentinc
an the statement of ai . no and purpoaee of any j
organisation and, therefore, we cannot comment
on the policies of your school-
With regard to the statement that you l
attributed to a Special A entg 1 of thie Bureau, thie
will advise that I have checked with the two
Special Agents who contacted you on December 7,
1950. They emphatically deny that you showed them
the news release or that they made any statements -
to you remot 1e y approaching your allegation.
Very truly youre,_ 'r
Hugh H. 01eQ1¬"' _ 1 Assistant pt rector 5
g l ,/ '_ ' ALL INFORMATION at Am? F, ' »-92 EQ=@;a-'_ ax ~m;m ;;a; mzmzm sutacmssangv "t~ - a om e avq er' I
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s'r.m-'.uu>|Iu|92
aw '9I'.-- Oitf Memoaéimlzmz - UNITED STES GOVERNM;-ENT"
ma. 1:. 11. moo M 1>m= February 2o, 19.51-mu A0 He B /92
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".BI@Hw-!'BER -r0;§.~§E'.¬9°I
Internal Security - U""" v»w_ _
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I-llrbo
BelmontTO .
FROM :
SUBJECT:
PURPOSE
To recommend that the attached 1¢¢¢¢F= to
A CTIOI311!
Tale. know
"IE5!
DANG!Roger92Ba1dwin of the/American Civil Liberties Unionand
to Peyton Ford be approved. These letters as they now
read conform to the instructions of the Director which
appear on the attached communications to these individuals
previously prepared. .v
N
_ The'attac.-hed letters are being submitted for
your approval. -
r The uestions raised by the Director on your ./~ manorandum to aim dated February 23, 1951, are presently .' _/" I Fibeing studied and the answers will be furnished to you --' 1immediately. _ ' . ls -mih Attachments ' DEXED - 1 Q51
.3,'.e /-- A inn ALLINFORNII-92T|ONCUNTl-3NED
" HEREIN! UNCLASSEFIEDDATEif¥?[?¢BY&PK= - h.1 £331 -tee: 8- _1;92c/
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. ,=~, --urnc or THE DIRECTOR e.1 ' ML . 1 .. um, _ ff; §'-I-;_;;. -
R ,Hiehsrzil Ziurzau nf I-nursiigaiinn
A Ii, iilniieh Mates icpartmeiif nf Justice
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_lr.Roger I»'.l1aldwiri' _ AM ' . pChairman, National vOmM1tt¬8 i
Lmerican Civil Liberties Union ' .170 Fifth Avenue 3 "9Yew York l0, Few York /J > ,?ur,~
:1 B 7riwin' u 51> ___- _ _ ,,,,_|_ ear r. o_ T-4 , ;,_:_:e"jQ'}"' " _..| ELtL~ u ocwvwvvwav 92$QHw4#HMiiourilettglof February 14, l95l,
0T1CE7?'iir1"' the oiohlander Folk School, in which you referreci
.-to the PEI conducting an inquiry into this school because of
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2- W.e u H . _ _F ch inuestitions .~re not initiated on th_ asis that thetvested
dc éniQ_kis-maiidr.ts interracial education!
o know th-eiri h.eoe*ha-4-a can-1e7u.l-eli-e
""--e----- This will assure you no inve%§o't'Tor. h s b en
~""@uct 1 n ning the ' rraciol edocational fool iti s_
of the s I t °d- T - F U 0 ~co cer
C 01 you ifign '_ _, Fe hvg,/Of course, C Jfln
tact orerer bi"8S of this-school on inii dual caseswch as appli oot¬od security iuestications. lhe 9 pose Oficon ."uiries has Seen to secure 3; ormoti at its* cor
c cool
ource for puidon of ~ rnmetcl :pencLe_ in c0*5idering
!Q1i53P s jbr cppo
In fulfilling our responsibility to protect the internecziritu 0."92the country the F'é~Qer-cl £ureau92<ir Investigation is_ _" ' = = . , ¢ ... - _ >_. .5 /-;;':|___._;_I_merged to ir estigcte any inci dual loot reseiét z;,8U¢¢EuulGnfornation r_flectinc that iwd u"2u1 to be cop QQE in subuersi - " - -" 1ctivity. e h oe izthe/eastgondu ted o éimited s noer of - =- - ' =~ *' ~" ' cl ~'~ic reruir-ed 'noui'ry ecvritg inuecti: ti .- 0, incividu s '. . j = "
t +a Hiohlonder . lk échool. I agoin'w h to advise iou thatK
al w
_' .
J.
U 8
W Deputy Attorney General Faj@¥pd§g£% .:2 V _ ' Director, FBI - _ _ -_ _ .
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_:§ er. Peyton Ford
Val.
LIJ. LT1]'.L| A111! 7Informat _ p t_ +"-'~ t / '
- £9 " pf'!q>6P¢v"o-'$y"
Reference is made o your two_nemoranda dated Februar
19, 1951, wherein you referre o correspondence from Myles Horton,
director qf the Highlander Folk hool, Hbnteagle, Tennessee, and
from Albert E: Barnett of the Qan_ er School of Iheology, Emory
University, Georgia..-:
. 2
ndence you received from
reply I an returning thenl1 .l_l_l___ Al I.I._ I1'..,.__.l__. T/3
With regard to the corres 0
Hyles Horton and your proposed draft
to you. In connection to your propo ea letter to xr. norton, 1cannot accede to the proposal of hayng our Agents conduct inter-
views at the Highlander Folk School mithetenograph41~1r~céditie
Qwsnn ¢.
f c" ;e J _ Z 'e _ ere_q; f-anJ"""92:n3_F
trtc"Tnr ee~cf>the~tndtvtdualsrunder e
*~*""t?1ttoneannat-he-conéen . as ch er. for n, G ector é
oi t1a92ccn cl, as u ioub dly on.us d t pu nose f o int - }2 c in, have ' act r nor ille j'.;"i to onc.-u t QQ4;
TC =El}"-.q7 T I ""-Fr:- Jlibl _,
1':"-'1»to
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I have checked into this allegatpn made by Hr. Horton
1 cl I rant to assure you that we have never investigated the
fililanfer Folk School, any representatigé of the school, or
2' other incividual on the ground that the Highlander Folk
To "vi or the individual participated in interracial educational
activities nor have our Agents inquired relative to the inter-
rvcial aspects of that'school. .1
For your infornotion the Highlander Folk School was
1r o:"i;aied during the early 1940's. This investigation was92
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. re have, of course, had occasion to contact representatives
of this school on individual cases such as appliccnt_and security .
investigations;_ The purpose of the applicant inquiries-has_been to '
secure infornation_at its source for guidance of governmental ,1 '
agencies in considering applicants for appointment} In fulfilling_
our responsibility to protect the internal security of the country,-
the Federal Bureau of Investigation is charged to investigate any
individual upon receipt qf substantial information reflecting or
that individual to be engaged in subversive activity. we have in _
the past conducted a limited number of security investigations qf 1
individuals requiring inquiries at the Highlander Folk School. _c
However, such investigations were not initiated on the basis that '
the individual was engaged in interracia1'educationa1 activities i
nor was this question considered in any manner during the course
of the investigation. --r . ¬_ Tc " H ti A e Ft_=
With reference to the letter you received from. ;_
Fr. Parnett, I can only stase that he has been misinforned.F
by Myles Horton, director of the Highlander Folk School-
For your further information, in addition to the _
correspondence between Mr. Myles Horton and er. Clegg of this s
Bureau as reflected by the material enclosed with your memorandum l
of February 19, 1951, we have received a communication from
Fr. Roger H. Baldwin Qf the American Civil_Libcrties Union on
the sane subject matter. Copies Qf Br. Baldwin's letter and my
reply thereto are attached for your information.
Enclosure
e1r
* - one
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__ . ':"A /1-RICAN CIVIL LIJSLTIES UNION
llmn B. Iinqliam
Doroihy Dunbar lrornluyCarmlr
ziiard 5. Child:
mun Couiinl
Q vlrd J. Ennisti: L. ErnsiF. Finuriy
. William Filehon
. .'al ne!- Lawrence Fllr
. "'.'-¢ Gemand K. Frssnl-::!V -I Waiter Frank
"}":'; ProfViriin Fry.W4ifer Gzilllorn_ Angeli . _ , 1.1 ~ L in. Karina HcCorl'I11CllllrI10S
170 FIFTH Avenue, NEW Yon: 10, N. Y.
Oliegon 5-5990
K 7 I Arthur Garliuid H01: Janlfllan I. liqlmn
Gourd Conn! 5
Morrii L. Erll ' I. W uchoch }
Gum-cl Cowl!!! 7Ernnl Anqnll
Ciglnnqn, lard of Binder!
Roger N. laldrln
Clillrmll. Ncfionui Committee
' cumm-1 rem-r
f=.#j§
, -4if--+.Arihur Gareld Hay:
-WOHSI Hcuiuchur
Rev. John Haynes Holmesi Puilick Murphy Malia G0-MD. 5- ' |'"lI92'l"
Elnculivi Dindor lllllfl o|'l"¢l9|'H bnki | G Sell Alon ml" J." rf-F" ' ;:;"¢..,..,.;w Pub Qiclliorllli ¢?f'§; T°1'?:'n' ' ip bi or
D»-1
.._>..B. W. Hunbscli
~_ Re ». John Paul Jone!
Domihy KenyonC rii L I'llo 1! emu. Poi. Eduard C. Llndeman
a'r92irl F. Hnclourin
Merit Mflflr Hcrburi R. Norihrup
Mei
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lam L. While~ r" r92r-'.~.-,- w'.||:,m
.. . nar-
TiaNA
Thurhunt! ¢.. fl in
Tlollll. CUMMITTEE
man Arnold
Bishop Jamu Chamberlain him
_ Roger N. Baldwin" Funcii BiddllI-' ' "7 ref
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l'*'*|'-.' Sue-_-Tn Cor-imaglr
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-ear Tad}I; ii Eliii
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_ mlzo ._,./--
!:_:o;1 ..___-
i Mr. J. Edgar Hoover _ 1*--rm -~----
Federel Bureau of Investigation rule-How --Tiashington, D. C. es"3 G-cmd-1! r 'Dear Mr. Hoover: 4 .3cl 1"? _It has come to my attention as a contributor to tn7¥HighlnQQ___n @¬f
'cf'au" A
Folk School at I-ionteagle, Tennessee, that agents of your offi i
recently been conducting, an inquiry 111$!! 1'»1lB__~§f_ll§1» 9PP'-irently °n
the ground that inter-racial education is somehow "subversive".
I I cannot quite believe that any such attitude correctly reflects
i
- policies. end t11ereiore venture to suggest th-1; 3° may be
interested to cheek up on the inquiry.
l We would eppreciete being advised of the facts as t9.why eny
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February 26! 1951PX-4 L I
I" 5-,-.¢..,. If n.-.1.:....r_ '0 U-i-I I41 DU-LUUJIII7ll'75
Chairnon, Rational Committee
inerican Civil Liberties Uhioll?0 Fifth Avcnut i%
I New York
£63? Ff.
February
in which¤,~%c% k
Baldwin: _
Receipt is acknowledged of your letter date
,1- ,':|_'§'| nnhnnsnr: fawn Jig B4;-92Li4-n.J.._ 'D..lI. 4-1.,L___1--1 4-~92--H; vvuvurnony pin: £ilylsJ.uu-ugr 10,1-5 IJILHUUJ.
you referred to the FBI's Onducting an inquiry
into this school because of its interracial education.
A carqful investigation into this matter has
established 1hat;4o investigation by the I31 has bcgn
¢P"5"¢5¢5 Qf $56 Fiyhlcndgr folk School on the {round
trot that school or anyone connectéd uith it has
sponsored interracial edgsctional activities. Repre-
niiivs of this Burooo hove had oooosion to contact
rcpreocntotiu s of this school on individual cases such
as asplicont and security investigations.
KOUwU¬F since our contacts at the school
%"re either been misunderstood or have become a
Bvvroo of irritation to Hr. Hlos Horton, director
of the school, I have issued aupropriate instructions 3
to ioconiinue any direct contacts with representatives
QT the School. 1 '
Sincerely yours, _3 ., ._.r§%¬i¥- #{J ' 1?
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I VISION 4
/92 Ja i'V§5-3951 // U ""i ""l5f"_R£C¬': *9 Q5
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_ _. United States Attorney Ge e A , , _{_, __' Washington, D. G. 92 ,4 -"~ 0' L . ' <""."
Dear Mr. Llciirath 1M___-qTEE,; HTS
- 92 w CIVID RIGRandolph-mason, Soutbsm clocitttie Relations
suggested that l ask your advice about a
problem growing out of the attendance oi Negroes at the Higllander
Folk School. Because of your own personal feeling in regard to
discrimination, Miss Mason felt that you would understand the
problem here and be in a position to give advice.Miss Lucy
kpzesentative, has
The Highlander Folk School endeavors to put racial democ-
racy into practice; consequently we can expect a measure of opposi-
tion.
Je hardly expected, however, to have Negro students rrade
the subject of investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
On October llth I wrote Senator 1".-Estes 192ei'auver that FBI agents were
asking our neighbors about the attendance of Negroes and implying
that our non=discrimination p01i.C}' was ccnummistic and iosncrale
This line of questioning has created confusion in the minds of our
neighbors regarding the rights oi Negroes to be at the School.
On December 10th I raised this
Clegg, Assistant Firector of the Federal
and quoted one of the FBI agents who had told we that he thought
our enclosed rews release condemning discxin-ination would be con-
sidered co:m:1unistic by a majority of Southern people-qie stion with Lir. Hugh H,
Bureau of Investigation,
The apparent confusion of racial democracy with corrmunism
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Honorable J. Howard LicG _ g _ F-.' 7 195] -FJ .
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H:-norab1.e J. Hov-erd I-icG1'BLh page 2 January 31 , 1951
71163
Council members were also disturbed by the exchange of
corn" spontience with Hr. Clegg. If agents can deny what they have
said, ibey can '.i_i_ke~.-rise report things "Urey have not been told. Since
they go in psirs, the person interviewed is at a disadvantage.
-.'-Jith this problem in mind, a motion was made by Miss Lucy
P.e,.:~i~.-3.};-I-. I-isson "that, because of previous misunderstandings in inter-
view: -.-- ch F1.-51 agents, the Higtilander Director shall speak for the
staff gr»-3 :-{mall ask that all questions posed by any FBI agents be
put in writing, and shall make his replies in writing - provided
legal co-;r..."-cl advises this action."
The Cuincij. is not raising the qxe stion of giving inform-
ation, b".1L of giving it in such a way that the person interviewed has
the promotion of a written record. Could you advise us as to the
legality of the Council proposal that irrterviews be carried on in
WTitiI1go
Us shall ,-greatly appreciate your advice on this matter.
IY_-_ _2_ __ __..H_. ____..__
vet}; --'.».i_.92C¬'-1'92i.92.y yc-urs,
Ligbs < sort-on, Di rector
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Bcpartmmt of justicz
Qffirr of the lepuig Liiornry General
Washington
February 19, 1951
e Mr. Myles Horton _ j
Director, Highlander Folk School .
Monteagle, Tennessee
Hy dear Mr. Horton:
This will acknowledge your letter of January 51, 1951, ad-
dressed to the Attorney General, requesting advice about a prob-
lem growing out of the attendance of negroes at the Highlander
Folk School. You advise that the Highlander Executive Council
members are disturbed by the exchange of correspondence with Hr;
Hugh H. Clegg, Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of In- '
vestigation, and coment that if agents can deny that they have
said, they can likewise report things they have not been told.
Iou quote a motion which was made by Miss Lucy Randolph Mason,
which provides that the Highlander Director shall speak for the
staff and shall ask that all questions posed by any FBI agents
he put in writing and shall make his replies in writing pro-
vided legal counsel advises this action. You then request the 1Attorney General's advice as to the legality of the council: I
proposal that interviews be carried on in writing-
I should first poinqéwnzto you that the Attorney Generalis authorized by law to givejddice only to the President of the
United States and to the various Department heads, in view of
which I regret that the Department cannot advise you regarding
the legal situation involved. It occurs to me, however, that
there should normally be no serious objection to having Special
Agents contact the Highlander Director when desiring information
from the staff of the school as contemplated by the motion quoted
in your letter. Furthermore, I would suppose that written re-
plies to questions, either in the form of stenographic recording
of the questions and answers, or in the form of affidavits, would
be quite satisfactory. I believe that you will find the agents
quite willing to accede to your desires in this respect.
Yours sincerely,
ALL~lP1FQRMATl_QN f_30N1A1NEDgEWJ$vtun$$t1s»_, A+6? 01.Deputyptggnggrgeneral ', 11/*7 F, .. ya"/I
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February 19, 1951
Ur. Eylee Horton V ._Birector, Highlander Folk School _< 1?j~1f;E5
Eonteagle, Tbnneeeee - - o
Hy dear Er. Horton: _ - » r
This will ecknoxledbe your letter of January 51, 1951, ed-
dreseed to the Attorney General, requesting advice about a prob-
lem growing out of the attendance of negroee at the Highlander
Folk School. You tdviee that the Highlander Executive Council
members are disturbed by the exchange of correspondence with Kr.
Hugh H. C1855, Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of In-
veetigetion, and comment that if agents can deny what they have
said, they can likouiae report things they have not been told.
You quote a motion vhioh was made by Miss Lucy Randolph Yaeon,
which provides that the Highlander Director shall epeak for the
staff and shell aek that all questions posed by any F31 agents
be put in writing and shall make hie replies in writing pro-
vided legal counsel advises this action. lou then request the
Attorney 5neral'e advice as to the legality of the council:
proposal that interviews be carried on in writing.
I should first Point out to you that the Attorney General
is authorized by law to give advice only to the Presidcnt of the
United Staten and to the various Department heads, in wieu of
uhich I regret that the Iopert:ent cannot advise ion féharding
the lo;al situation involved. It occurs to me, however, that
there should normally be no serious objection to having Special
Agents contact the Hi;h1&n§¬r Director when desiring information
from the staff of the school es contemplated by the motion quoted
in your letter. lurtherwore, I would suppose that written re-
plies to questionn, either in the form of etcnographic recording
of the questions and answers, or in the form of affidavits, would
be quite satisfactory. 1 believe that you will find the agents
quite willing to accede to your dosiros in this respect.
;
Yours sincerely,
- _ -"'. 2 J-.4
* .-.-¬i§' Peyton Yon!
Deputy Attorney Generel
CrP|ne
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Highlander Folk School for ixrmediate reloam
Licnteagle, Tennessee
Monteagle, Tennessee . . . November 20, 1950 . . ."0ur Christmas bells could
be freedom bells if we dared include all minorities in our circle of brother--_
hood, Hylra Horton told a conference of church leaders at the ighlander
Folk School. g 7116'-5
"Freedom begs ringi_eg in the cabins oi Negro sharecroppers, ringing
for eager minded students with opportunities limited by accident of birth,
and freedom bells echoing in distant lands could fill the troubled world with
thoughts of peace on earth and good will toward man," he said.
"Highlander's democratic program is based on the brotherhood of
man. Democracy to us means that membership in the human family entitles all to
the freedom of thought and religion, to equal rights to a livelihood, education
and health; to equal opportunity to participate in the cultural life of the
-.;o.:.hwu.cy and to equal access to public services," the religious leaders were
92'1*
'l~J.492.J I
"We hold that democracy is inactive unless workers are given a full
-.-nice in industry through unions; or famrrs are given 8- voioe in <-he market
pie_.:<~ througr cooperatives; or where freedom of thought and discussion is
limited; and that democracy is outlawed by legally entrenched dis cr.Ur1inat.ion
F '*{~r§@tion¢
"The times call for an affirmative program, based on a positive goal,"
,._._r. .;.n-con, "kn army oi democracy deeply rooted in the lives, struggles and
*_,re.:iiti.0!15 of the American people must. be created, By broadening the scope
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Tracy City,
Ja.n.3l, 19$.
Dear Myles:
This, to my mind, is a thoroughly honest end perfedtly concise expression
of the problem you present. I cannot see how Mr. UoGrath can fail to under-
stand ite significance, and understanding, fail to take steps toward the pre-
venticn of future t10uble¢
Please feel free to use me as a reference if you have such need. I em
aiways willing to speak or write my convictions regarding your personal inte-
grity and the high purpose of Highlander. _ "
I aas here some years before you came. The newness of your program aroused
wonder and even suspicion in the comnunity. We heard wild tales of communistic
intent, aL1i.=-.nce with Russia, machine guns in the attic and varous forms of
'i".~1cra1itj;. Peofl carre to me with these extrabagant rumors, begging me to
"do scmething about it." I did do something. I visited the school when you
':~1-:1 Don ..e:=-.- rfave a "play-party" for the children of our community. I went
<2ge.in when .5511 'Do;f.bro¢-ski started a Bible study class. We learned a good deal
'-hos, social conditions in the days of unos and ilicah. I went to a meeting,
;.~ 1§ after a nei_s_hbor's house had burned down end you started plans = and
funds - for building a new home for him. I went to a Chrj_st.man party where I
11¬l_~ZEC with the children's games and saw you play 1"-anta Claus with a bag of
;<rese»"1t-s. Unce I went to e sowing bee, another neighborhood benefit. I was
sick at the time the P. T. .~".. was organized in your living room, but 1 heard
Q11 about. it. 1 heard, too, of other "good do-eds" -- by this time the neighbors
In-:. Sornethlnff else to talk about than the f£=arf'ul fantasies of the early days.
One dark night, Jim went a good way to bring a doctor for rne of my school
girls in time to save her and her baby. "Ididn't know there were such good
fo1_.ks," ne ighbor 92.-;ome_n Said. Then ll heard about the time that Claudia Lewis,
the Iiurcc r;.' Tchool teacher, and anothrr one from Highlander, prepared all that
was needful to bury a little child in a very poor family.
all these things and many more convinced me that your purpose and plan for
~.;.".in" to live in our community was essentially good and had no ulterior motive.
.~._-. iaser yea:-s i have learned more of your practical program, your concept of
tme democracy in your policy of non-diScr:'-mination, non-segIY=gation, and your
ictual e>;e_".':p1e in living what you believe. I know a minister who said, "I wish
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Kyles Horton page 2 Jan. 31',"3,951
- _ 71168
"Do you think Highlander is radical?" The last time I was asked this
question, I gave this answer which I would give today. "Yes, trey are mdical -
as radi cal as the Declaration of Independence - or the -Jer.-non on the iiount."
It is because you dare to believe that not only "all men are created free and
equal", but that there should be "liberty and justice for all" that you are radi-
cal. And the one who bade all men to act like brothers, made no difference be-
tween his white children and the black.
I deplore the recent "investigation" of the F B I agents, implying as it did,
that your non-discrimination policy toward Negro students constituted proof of
your conmmiistic nature, puxpose, plan arid intent. When racial democracy can be
confused with communism in the minds of F B I agents, there is cause for alarm,
it Seems to me, Our corrmunity has come a _l0ng way in appreciating and under-
s1,ar.r.i_ng the policy of Highlander, its principles, its practice of real democracy.
But this faith though fostered for so many years by living proof and example,
cannot fail to suffer from the shock of a visit from the F B I in which the
school's policy of nondiscriminat.ion is given a red tag and legal-
Pith all this is rrrind, I am glad you have written this letter to 1ér.hicGrath.
T 1*.-wje it leads to 3 definite understanding which will affect all future
interviews.
P best wishes for you and the rest of the Highlander staff, I remain
You r frie nd,
I-la;,"Uustus
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C
O
P
Y Highland: r Folk School
. Monteegle, Tennessee
December IO, 1950
71169
Mr. Hugh H. Clegg
Assistant Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, 13.0.
Iiear Hr. Clegg: _
I was pkssed to mad fmm the Intesnatimal Labor News
36 rvice that you feel that the "success of communisn"
can be measured by the vwslmesses of democracy. I am led
to believe by your analysis of the situation that you
would approve the enclosed statement of policy of the
Highlander Folk School.
In tie South, people are often criticized who believe as
we do here at Highlander that d_iscri:ninexr.io=n is incompati-
Lle with democracy In feet 1 was told recently by one of
your agents that the contents of tin enclosed news release
wot-ltd be considered eo:;:m1.nistic by a majority of Southern
[>5O§3],6n .
I since rely tiust that the position taken by you in the
New York Herald Tribune forum is the of."Iicie.1. position of
the F.B.I., and not the position implied by the activities .
of your representatives who have questioned our neighbors
reg." rding visits of Ilegroes to the School;
-'-'ouI=.d you clear this matter up for me?
Sincerely yours,
._92 _'92-'_: ,_ -_ :¢'
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wwdaer 10, 19890 I
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qw stioning pooplo in th:_oomm92m1t.1- Ibo agent-1' boon dasking_dnsigi1bor_s' shoot. _
Regroes afloisnding or visiting Highlander. Horton" :sad_ a loot»? he vrrohs Bonstor' - ' I . r 92
lefsuver Ihioh said; in psrb} Tiny tho I B I spots! havs particulsy
insistent Ln their qungtima about tho sttasndanon of leg:-oes at Ri5hJ.s'.n¢b'r'
sessions and _wn.f6:l§nO6lIs my noted to know when peopll sleep 8-n shot goon
-.. ler the oonfennoes an ow; ¢ Q - I 310;! 701: cl-11' tiod time to look int»
thia situation ind -do sdmctlxing to lbop inf-ixnidatim or our neighbor! and tin
infezenos that the nunfdiscrininatim policy 01 the Iiohool, uhiohjil that of th!
CEO and EL, is ooxanrmistio and imnnzil _, '_
Horton contirmsd that the agiadtt are going az-oundtho commit: trying to stir
up the peogvle by asking loaded qlus-stions about the llgro students at. Highlander.
IstL..a'@i.I;rr1P, Horton mad a nevmpai-Br mport that the assistant Dictor of tho F B I
.1 6.1 a. Speech at 1'-hi New York Tribune forum so jrhich In bald discrimination
, 92
am»-mpaaiblo vim dsmocra0;!4,- Hmm omgiooulamd tho F B I spokesman and
n
121.1.-:;:md a comroent maid-a boihim an F B I agent who said that a. Highlander Rem
1'1-1¢*a:r'~! which condesms d:1.Bori.m1nzi'bion, would he considered oonmrdtic by 6- MJ°!'ic=!'
,;~f' g;92:_.L'.92I1-7=I11, fplq Th8 F B I -§-58_18L&11t IE had personnlly
r d the mattr and that both awn who t.aJJ<nd with Horton, denied emphat-ically
'3 my such statement; _ ' , , d
After prolungtd discussion, $.t_1ras waved by Lucy Randolph liason that, beoauoo
of previous ninmderetondings in interview with P_ B I agents, the Highlander
ireobor shsll spank for thus std! and shall ask that I11 questions posed by may
w n 1 agents be put in mung, and shall uh no rlplinl in writing - nrvvidw
FORMATION ¢prmnNEO
H , 98 NCLASSWFIED s ,- o us; M , ~ ¢/-7o // /~,_ 9% said
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legal cmnaal advises this aetfnn. lbtim ascended by Emil Willimtn
and pnaui. V - - . -
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HIGHLANIER FOLK SCHDG.- _ - -
IE--I-_ an I"92nIr;1'v92_I'I 1'92lI92I92I92f92'_92I n92 r_ _ _ _., N1 U1 1'UlJ"UJ3', 1.l'lUUJ1-nl-1
We reaffirm our faith in democracy as a goal that will bring dignity and v
free eon to egg in denmc racy as en expending concept eneomp-1155511,? 11"-inn
relations ifrom the smallest community organization to international struc-
ture; and permeating all economic, social, and political activities.
Democracy to us means that membership in the human family entitles all to _
freedom of thought and religion, to equal rights to a. livelihood, education
and health; to equal opportunity to participate in the cultural life of -
the community and to equal access to public services. _
E-Je hold th=t de:=..oc-rosy is inactive unless zrorleers Fre given e full voice
. , . 1in industry through unions; or farmers are given »- voice n the market .
r-Wnrm +.h 1-n1?I§'_h cooperatives; or where freedom of thought end discussion is
limited; that democracy is outlawed by legally entrenched discrirnination
and segregation; that there ziust be diversity of approach but each step -
must be in conformity with the goal, which is dishonored by each undemo-
cratic act. v - -
.55.. a democratic goal we are in o. position to fight anything that gets in th ,
-. -_».-~.¢ _.4-.;+v-.;.-e- -1+ he +@+sn=.+.g»-I on :'~,g.§[i_-'r111l"92i5rt1_ nr fascism or mononolv . ,.i_,, .,.. r .... ., ......__.... .._....- .. ..._ .-., _- _ - - . ., ,
dominate d capitalism. - A 7
The purpose of the Highlander Folk School is to assist in creating leader-
'.":'.ip for democracy. Uur services are available to labor, farm co<rnu.nity,
religious and civic organizations working toy.-ard a democractic goal-
The nrture of a specific educational progra.-1 will be determined by the needs
oi the 5tt1.L§E..92E.Se _ ' '
Use of the services oi the School by individual organizations will be in
:-.o:,~ordo:roe with their own policies so long as these policies do not conflict
with the purposes q£ the School, B staff member will assist in planning
and coordinating all programs;
'I';~,e 1{i;;hi_.and»;=r Folk School is a chartered institution, cooperatively owned
by @;,3~, = taacyling staff. It has ho affiliations. The policies and program
<.»£ t-E;-C Soht ol are wholly determined by an E;¢ec=.1ti'.re Council composed of the
---'_---if ri?-:¬g'_:';'1i2ed Southern loaders.
Hignlo.nd<=r Folk School is supported by contributions from individuals, orga _
izatioris served by the School, foundations and tuition-
92 - "
The times call for an affirmative program, be-Bed OH 3- P055-tive All
army of democracy deeoly rooted in the lives, struggzles and T-re011'»lOH-F 01'J.---., _; --_ .. _,. _.,,-,.,___
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FNDEXED - 24 o e
Reference is made to your two nenorando_§a§ed February
1:, 1951, wherein you referred to correspondence from Iylea Horton,
director of the Highlander Folk School, Eonteagle, Tennessee, and
fret Albert Ef92arnett of the Candler School of theology, Ivory
University, Georgia. .
iith reward to the correepondenoe*you received from
n..';.... uA.,4-..-. n; : -n,- nnnnnbpll eh-r< f+ llpnln I an rn~f:n!'n{llf! {PLQIj'!:f.|,CCI JIUI GUN UH-L UH? Fl U/UDUM 92|II H-J I Iv!-ray 5 Ive Iww-I"-'-g v""-I
to you. In connection to your proposed letter to Hr. Horton, I
cannot accede to the proposal of having our Agents conauct inter-
views at the Highlander Folk School which would require our Agents
to submit written interrogatories at all timeo in all matter; upon
uhich the FBI may be seeking information from the Highlander folk
§Q¥r51, Furfhcrrore, I cannot accede to any restriction which
could prahibit the 131 from interviewing any person it saw fit.
In this particular matter it is sugrested that only the -
£i~?lander Birccior could or would be contacied= Bother than
ccccdc to any such restrictions, I would prefer to instruct our
A ents to refrain from any contact with any member of theighlcndcr Folk School stqf. jg7- ' ' ' T P: 4' ' - r Y 92;'B92:tcnecked info this clleyaoion La.o_b; u nor onand I rni to assure you that we have ncuer_}nuest1pctco the
Lghlcnder Folk School, any representative of th8,$Qh0@1;*P _any other indioidual on-the ground that the Highlcnccr F%1¬r ggg ;nQjU;dgal participated in interracial edihpcional
ca nor h ve our Arcnis inquired relaiiveiio the inter-
Spncts of that 8Ch0O1. . "'?
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Fe} byp gf W? Q tn Highlander rélx Schqcd was35> ,' "' . I . _ 4 f 1 _'-_ V ..92-flcted,;ur;n; 5, ca ly ac s.- T.is inueoti,Q~_§n wq8ed dn a11e;d1i8PF,&lg§0qpnnunist activities'wcre beingon 0¢_5h¢:gf%qpj ivgir your fUTiher information there is a6 Dhb2s¢¢t;g_¢L;§ f ¢3{0ur-Page Summary dated February
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We have, of course, had occasion to contact representatives
of this school on individual cases such as applicant and security
investigation. The purpose of the applicant inquiries has been to
secure information at its source for guidance of governmental
agencies in considering applicants for appointment. 1n fulfilling
our responsibility to protect the internal security of the country,
the Federal Bureau qf Investigation is charged to investigate any
individual upon receipt qf substantial information reflecting
that individual to be engaged in subversive activity. Fe have in
the past conducted a limited number of security investigations of
individuals requiring inquiries at the Highlander Folk School.
However, such investigations were not initiated on the basis that
the individual was engaged in interracial educational activities
nor was this question considered in any manner during the course
of the investigation. .- 71161
With reference to the letter you received from
.Hr. Barnett, I can only state that he has been misinformed
by Myles Horton, director of the Highlander Folk School.
For your further information, in addition to the
corres ondence between Hr. Myles Horton and ur. Glegg of this
Bureau as reflected by the material enclosed with your memorandum
of February 19, 1951, we have received a communication from
iMr. Roger N. Baldwin of the American Civil Liberties Union on
the sane subject matter. Copies of Hr. Baldwin's letter and my
reply thereto are attached for yourinformation,
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ADVISED on FEBRUARY mum THO, nxnswsmn FIFTY om, lo connctrs:_ _ _ ;_ _-_ ,. . - I ,'_ '__., __. t .-__--. --__A ._.i_I ;' t' .,-- - -9292 --._ .'-»_'-_~
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,1 FEBRUARY 2?. 1951 URGENT
-_"~92'.2 '-.- ",- 7" -'1 _ - t - . . ' . I - - . _ - _ ~ . 7 - t _ . V t
. -___ ' "5.926/HIGHLANDER FOLK scnoox}, IS msn '-As lxouswsés "Ij1§LEPH.C1NI'CA;LL!
*?:;-;;3;:% wxmrsomm saouw an mm: AT was nxsnnmam FOLK scaoon." YOU .
ssoum FURTHER mswnucr ALL was AGENTS In roan OFFICE mm so
L? ... _H
_.. =1»-.mscusszon PRO on con snoum as MADE WITH my INDIVIDUAL con-
! Af_ Ix v~- .--. t 92--:.¢":"f 1 F--5*? F- IBNING THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. s
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Per instructions of the Director set forth in the raenoran-' u.mfrom ELI. Laid to the Director dated Fe:rua1*y 35, 1951;.! d '
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FBI WASHINGTON nc 2-21-51 2-18 PM HK
SACKNOXVILLE u 11¢": N T " '
HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL, IS DASH C. AS YOU WERE TELEPHONICALLY
ADVISED ON FEBRUARY TWENTY TWO, NINETEEN FIFTY ONE, NO CONTACTS
whAfSOLU£R SHOULD BE MADE AT THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL. YOU
SHOULD FURTHER INSTRUCT ALL THE AGENTS IN YOUR OFFICE THAT NO
;_£;USSION PRO OR CONS HOULD BE MADE WITH ANY INDIVIDUAL CON-
CERNLNG THE HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL.
- HOOVER
CCRR - NEXT TO LAST LINE WORDS FIVE AND SIX SHOULD READ'CON SHOULD"
.- TH PLS
IT'=.i_L INFORNIATIDN CONTAINEDOF FBI KK MJY
~ ._ HEREIN IELUWCLASSIFIED £4 DATEQ? <1}?! sYa§¬._i@ 5"
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.<- Oitf A/1677201/2dZ£772 - U ITED sures GOVERNMENT
The Director DATE: February
' -'5-T7-7?? IS TP===.'-v;.'=}i1[r:i" £"" -E1HIGHLANDER 1-"out sceoon oi-155+ *1 ,5,INTERNAL seamen"? - c I>-Ifmrean "I" °.mBufile 61-r511 ' r
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To recommend that the attached letters directed
to Hr. Roger H. Baldwin of th American Civil LibertiesUnion and sec Robey of the Kn:}"uille Office be approved. -
inese letters are concerned with the unjounded allegation
that he FBI_was "gecent;y_conqugtinQ=an ingyir into the,l _High1§nFFF*Tolf S§hool_apparently on the %rouKHythatinter-
raoial esE¢ste0nie somehow subversive.
porn ms _: -
t 92.
Under date of February 14, 1951, Roger 1.1=92eg11e1»:e,
the American Civil Liberties Union, wrote to you as follows;
"Dear Mr. Hoover: '
"It has come to my attention as a contributor
to the Highlander Folk School at Mbnteagle, Tennessee,
that agents of your office have recently been conduct-
ing an inquiry into the school, apparently on the _
ground that inter-racial education is somehow fsubuersiue.' '
"I cannot quite believe that any such attitude'
correctly reflects your policies, and therefore
venture to suggest that you may be interested tocheck up on the inquiryP_EQQR[!ED-l14é/'75/If In
"We would apprecibNPea§§i'nyLduised oar the factsas to why any investigation of twF§f§5§l_has beenmds ' '11~ _ ,3; 1¬j92 Sincerely yours,
_ /s/ Roger N. Baldwin ski Q j- or5 ~- - Roger N. Baldwin" 929292. m _. Q-E1.E..--=31 9 -
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CONF ENTIAL
»
eMr. Baldwin's letter is attached. A reply to Hr. Baldwin
is also attached for your approval. -
For your information, the Highlander Folk School
at Monteagle, Tennessee, is the subject of an eight-section
Bureau case ale and considerable investi ation was. [' ' Q con-LU uc e concern ng this school during the early 1940s. lhe
llfirst report was submitted under date of January 29, 1940,
and a closing report was submitted on July 4, 1943, by the
Knoxville Office. For your qdditipngl_informgtiog, thereis attached hereto E Zogrfbagi summagyawhiih wEs*preparedconcerning theligh an er'Ibl 953300 ated February 21,
194?. This memorandum is up to date inasmuch as no
additional-invsstigation_has been conducted since 1943._ _ I 1 o I;.. - """'> _'
9 In order to definitely ascertain as to whether
there was any basis in the allegation made by Mr. Baldwin,
mentioned above, SAC Robey of the Knoxville Office was
telephonically contacted on February 19 and 20, 1951,
in order to develop full information in this regard.
On February l9, 1951, SAC Robey advised thatthe Knoxville Office had condwcteg_no_ipvtsgégation con-cerning_jhe Highlander EoIk$chool,gssg§E5 owever, therehadégeen individual investigations made w ichmhad touched
omit ;_'<;Y_9,i?li'_vi ii?-§j_q1§i T"1?71"iI'§_ .l?§1s'5;?.Yi E>I;Z'§" t.<t"'"' "5 W """"': _ = : __,..._?_'-=_-e'-
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Atomi§_Fneroy_4g§__ Agglican Case
cted over the Investigation of was oondu
oeriod from Avril to October I950. Th
revealed that
_3_gQpliC0gt
ander_Eglk;SbhQg1 centered_upon_his connect _ _y y ___
UnH?r dateBj February 91, 193?,3I?'R5bey"advis§dWby tel&~
type there was no discussion qf the interracial character
of the Highlander Folk School during the investigation of
*3 °° ~ n wi gh
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CON ENTlA1,
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5¬¢EE5§H_¥Q§E9F f Q
D 946, Knoxville initiated an investigation
inasmuch as information was receivedurin
E
ruary
g none of the interviews with
was there any discussion of the i racial chara9292~_h__~ljZjT9hlander Folk oi.
Qec ljglmrp ~_Corre§p nd¬;ce_¬ZH! 5°P¢bL_DiR?Q£d%l9f~i5e__IQ
You will recall under date of December 10, 1950,
Myles-orton, Director of the Highlander Folk School, wrote
a letter to Assistant Director H. H. Ulegg to which he attached
a statement of the purpose, program and policy qf the4High-
lander Folk School which was approved hy the Ekecutiue Council
of that school on April 3, 1950, and a press release of the
school dated November 20, 1950. In his letter to Hr. Clegg,
Horton indicated that Q S ¬giGl_4g§nt of h§,Buregy hag 'conmented_thgtLthe_ngg§QEE1gns£:mgalg,§;EonsiQ;red;ogQ§§is£i£§'e--we
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'"Hew York Herald Tribune" Forum. Prior to answering Horton,
the Knoxville Office was contacted and Special Agents
and who interviewed! ' in connec!!on with the Remington Q Horton on Decem er 7, 1950, _;perjury investigation, were asked concerning the Horton 92
allegation. 7hesetwo Agents furnished a signed statement :
to SAC Robey on December 22, 1950, in which they stated Qllemphatically that the news release referred to in Horton's
letter was never displayed to them by Horton nor the contents
discussed with them by Horton, and that neither of the two
Agents made any comment that even remotely approached the
statement allegedly made to Horton. At the conclusion of
the interview Horton was insistent that the Agents accept
the copy of the 1949 Program of the Highlander Folk School,
and a mimeographed release entitled, "Highlander Folk School,
Statement of Purpose, Program and Policy." The signed{statement also carried the statement that at no time hadthe Agents questioned neighbors of Horton regarding visits
of Negroes at the Highlander Folk School
The Knoxville Qfice had further advised that
Horton had been interviewed on the following cases since
' ' ' e eminatonJune, l950: June 2?, 1950, nn connection with th Rcase; October 6, 1950, in connection with theAtomic Energy Act - A licant case, Hovem er 2, 5 ,in connection with the Presidential Appointee, "
Department of State, Loya ty 0 overnment Employees case;
and December 7, 1950, mentioned above.1-f
-4.. Iu;..-- -
N
A SAC Robey in a teletype dated February 21, 1951, __
has advised that the following Agents of the Knoxville Orice have either interviewed Myles Horton at the Highlander ¬
c ' . '._ ' ns t H'ntea le I Fwlh School or nducted igyestigatio a o
ents al A0' i - 7.
icinit durin the
-I
eon .
y stated t t no d sous
wit Horton on any matter pertaining to the interracial 92lcharacter of the Highlander Folk School nor has any inquir§:§x I
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N, S/.'7-"' CUNF i KNTIAL
.!*.|
. ~ . _. ._; -f.
' Myles Horton is the subject of Bureau file
100-11615 which is now closed. He at one tine was carriedon the Knoxville Key Figure List. ; * :' *'** 4_"" '
It was noted in.Hr. Baldwin's letter that the|allegation against the FBI had come to his attention as 0
contributor to the Highlander Folk School. It is possible,
therefore, that Hr. Baldwin had received his erroneous
information from.Myles Horton, the Director of the High-
lander Folk School.
ACTION
There is also attached hereto a letter to'the i/92'
of the Highlander Folk School should be so conducted that _no individual will obtain the erroneous impression that th r92¢
Bureau's interest therein is based on the fact that its v
.facilities are used for interracial education, '
we ,5; -/. Q1441 <.7.a...-..e-..,Fl5. /wvz-/Q/-KgKnoxville Office instructing that any future investigationaf f
r/1
y@'!¢4- Iv xi!- zjk IS H '§g? " I W - - -92Zd/1./E/ofl,_ _ 92 _: 1 .M,
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In view of the above information, it is recommended§5§that the attached letter to Hr. Baldwin be approved. Hskfh- a
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IIu.ow1u<; AGENTS nus orrm: nan: xwmwxzwnn mm: 013101;,
i 92C: IICHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL OR CONDUCTED INVESTIGATIONS AT HO-NTEACLE !
5 mu. AND vzcnurv numm: Pns1_Y1:An,
raps: AGENTS ;nPunr1cA_u.Y star:15 " -I '-.".-1.1: N0 DISCUSSION HAS HAD WITH HORTON ANY MATTER PERTA_ININ_G L .
TO INTERRACIAL CHARACTER OF HICHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL NOR HAS ANY, INQUIRY A
BEEN mm: or HORTON on Am PERSON m HONTEAGL}; on vxclnmr IITH azcann "
1'0 wrznnncran cmumcnza or nus sbnoon. ronrarn snv
I ACCOHPANIED sa on uov. ssconn, nxmzrzan rmw,
' maven xurrnvxzusn IN couuzcnon um ens}: .r:m'm.1:nV LG]-I,
BUFILE om: ruzurvonz nnsu no man: 1-"oun mwcur 1-oun. i*;t}..SFITJTLY 1=u::~_:_1n1nc; . . E
sn _ nnvzsss no MENTION or INTERRACIAL CIIARACTE
or Hrs MENTIONED BY EITHER ncsnr nunmc nus nrrznvlzv. IN _ -
' _"i.__ R,_ AEA gnsr, rims: us no nxscussxon or INTERRACIAL cylanncrrl
or ~=~=- Is =<>»=~»1»=R=» A sow =»~'1~m~
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nmzcron mrrzn ocroszn s1xI11111l1z11'm1u; QQHIAINS F1251 2sPQgr£n'1srp§-
1r_naf1ou_1u n nus. nnst gzvonr nrruzcrxnq INVESTIGATION us sun- A 12-i1m';5n BY sA_ xx nnsn mm. mun, ronnronz. THIS: 'upon? conmms mro on msronv or scnom. Arm PEOPLE comuzcrzn a11'a£4_
' -rr, -1.21722 mo nzronr m:m:cr INVESTIGATION msrmmzn own AFTER' - _ 4 - _ -- .f j *5--4 ;;?_f!.'1 :92_-§'£~?__.
NUMEROUS ALLEGATIDNS RECEIVED RE COMMUNIST ACTIVITY AT H175. REPORT BF I? "
sa xx,'mm:n nzc. rmnrvru, roarvon: nun suemmu l_iEPOB
-or sn Q xx narsn SEPT. wnrfn, ronwwo cormxu INFORMATION
comrsnmnc BACKGROUND, PURPOSES_ AND ACTIVITIES or HI-S gs HELL As .*1 . -
PERSONS CONNECTED THEREQITH. N0 ACTIVE INVESTIGATION MADE SINCE CLOS~ I. ____ __ _, __ __ _ _ - " '* ~ ~~~~~ *"*w
__A INC REPORT OF SAC UH. A, HURPRY, K7X",_I!AI'£l_!_-.I_ULY TOURTH, FDRTYTHREEQ fl A
_ "nu: FAILS T0 nzruzcr am PERIINENT INFORMATION nzcmvgn gm; nsgab-_.--'A-. T 77" 7 T .' *7 ' 7' T-T *'"' i 7 . _, I __ .i I _ _-I _-;V_r>~M_¢'|592$: 4'nu: my nzcomuznauz COMMUNIST nc'r1v;n' on ms mar or rmfscnioz. ,1 "'
Irszu. nowzvrn q1_1.zc?a'r1onsHor c1f*s}':§115.gT*ni""1:'1zT:.92é?ivTirY ME Brian?
RECEIVED on PERSONS UHO HERE on mm BEEN counzcrrn urn: ITFSGUT irks!/i___
IQQYESTIGATIONS DIRECTED SOLE_l,._Y T0__iIA_RD THE INDIVIDUALS AND NOT THE IFS _T_T _, _ _____ ___,,, "..... __I_T___ <1 A . ._- ..= _ __ ____,_,,..r;f I
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PAGE THREE
.
N0 CASES RECALLED WHERE APPLICANT INVESTIGATION MADE ON EMPLOYEES,
STUDENTS, OR PERSONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXCEPT THOSE MATTERS
PREVIOUSLY REFERRED TO. DUE TO VOLUME OF APPLICANT CASES THIS
OFFICE PARTICULARLY AEA-A CASES, PEOPLE LIVING AT NONTEAGLE
HAVE BEEN CONTACTED BUT AGENTS WORKING IN THAT SECTION ARE AWARE OF
THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE HFS AND THEY HAVE ADVISED THAT NO INQUIRIES- * . W ' T AP,--K ~ ~- T_____, _ . _,..-w
HAVE BEEN MADE CONCERNING_THE SCHOOL or MATTER of INTER-RACIAL A? r ____,,92,.---; __ ow -- _ _ 7
_ _, 7; _ _ _ , ___ _ :1___ __~_-I . AH '_ ' »
CHARACTER OF SAME. I HAVE PERSONALLY CONTACTED ALL AGENTS
92_____________________......-n-v
THIS OFFICE WHO HAVE WORKED IN NONTEAGLE AND VICINITY DURING PAST
THE INTERRACIAL CHARACTER OF THE HFS WITH ANYONE AND ADVISED THEY;YEAR AND ALL HAVE CATEGORICALLY DENIED THAT THEY HAVE DISCUSSED
HAVE EXERTED UTMOST CAUTION TO PREVENT ANYONE FROM GAINING THE
IEPRESSION THAT THE SCHOOL HAS BEING INVESTIGATED BY THE FBI.
ROBEY
END
IO-44 PM OK FBI WA LRP
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Q/a L?, *
dd ----". x p,,,,,_,,,,,,,,,L,. _ _ r._.;_ i - M M __._' . |L_;.:-- . Lu,' 0]f68 Memorémdum - UNITED s'n92'rEs Goir N .,.'!___._....---
927- _.
Hr. J. Edgar Hoover ' nun: mgh 5, 19 '-
Iniorm'_at_io'n Concerning .JZZLrector, Federal Bureau of Investigation _
FRO Peyton Ford _' eputy Attorney General / uh ____sv B = §n1om.nwsa roux scnoor. m_"'lll- """"" '
L quad -----"yr hsG* '92 éé;
11.-This will refer to your memorandum of February 26, 193-&é___-7
reply to my memoranda of February 19, 1951, regardin corres nd oe I
from llr- U1 Horton, ..I2..i..1t<_=.<=..1f-9_15'...'-.?.iI_.t-he.Hizhlao.3er,Rol1a$chov1, zlw
u56'£é§g1E, reiésee, and from Hr. ,g;be:_t_B,...Barnez:-nr...nne.can er
School of lheology__E:¢1ory__l1z3iyers_iJ;_v;,,___I}_g§>~:;gia. With the letter from
llr. Hyles Horton I_ transmitted a draft of a proposed reply for your
comment. In your memorandum under acknoiledgnent n-
ne¢¢i0n.Jlt_h. 1'-111. -. 5....PF2R9,¬§d..l-.2§LbE!'_t9_!?_1._HQ¥t?Q- .'FI_._92-.8"-?!19.1f-_. .a<=.¢a.s1e, to
the P1°P°=§1.-9.£-P.5"5-313 ear..Ase=1=¢-9.<?n§?s=§.._1n1@<==r:[email protected]
]_._e"3TcIei'* Folk School which 1vould"'_requi.re _our Agents to submit written
i_}_1t_e_rrogatories atoll _times.in.a11 matters upon yhich the RI may
b_e_ seel_d.n_g,,_in_£o;ma_tion_, ;fro:_n___t_l}e ,§_Iigh1_a_11_de1_1 School." You add,
furthermore, "L_§gnn_o_t 3_c_¢.~,5c_1_g_ t_o_ any restrictior_l_92_!hi._c_h_I_o_uld 3 ro-
hibit th_e__l_*"BlI_f<ron1_, in_ter_vieIIing any"'p' éi*§5zTi't' §aw fit! and add
£ii1~'tHé";'__+.11f_a_t_ lr__athe1_f than accede 'to"an'y '§mie}if;é_'e1;rict1ons,l'Twould
piefer. 1=<>..i.11s;ru»=1..o1,11¬ Asian ts . to refrain .fr9m [email protected]¢Pn'1>w."-Q '1i.i1.=1é'.=1nr
member of the Highlander Folk School staff." I note further from a
letter which you addressed to llr. Roger H. Baldwin, Chairman, Na-
tional Committee, American Civil Liberties Union, under date of
February 26, 1951, you advised him that since your contacts at
the school have either been misunderstood or have become a source
of irritation to Hr. Myles Horton, director of the school, you VBissued instructions to discontinue any direct contacts with Eang rresentatives of the school» J F Rn L.
ho :.In this connection I want to draw careful attention w 1
draft °f_§l1§.12¥f9}?S1L$,?_1§[email protected] ._.H.orton.r<h1.ob;.f_1.3.=.%j'.e£<i1=?1 jith Io
memorandum of February 19 and_to___p_oi;1t o_ut..thatl uia_not'fs?1aé¬i'tmenses-s¢eece"'*.e"tns"i~e=5;ee'ee' or 92_!r___=_ Ho_r_t_o_g.= My first point was '
nnt*naei~'é"'§o'a1HH<i-a1'a1r§'i§3"'*5E> £i~1su§ objection to having agents
of the Bureau make their contacts at one central point; that is, the
director of the school. This would not mean that further contacts
may not be necessary or desirable. My second assumption in pre- -
paring this draft was that if during the interviews it was desired
to make stenographic recordings of the Q_'.85|LiDIl and answers, or to
answer questions propounded by the preparation of affadavits, I
could see no objection to that course of action. In fact, it would
+11 1- 1-.h i ht. ho ennnidarlble advantaze to the Bureau. Ix '5£BI"'.. -..£-' --GT9 Q_g--- .-- --,-------'-- -_---ee_-97 -K see K--___ . _ _,
letter did not contemplate that you accede to the request that you
submit written questions in advance with regard to the seeking oi
information .
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mp ? suassaf £53? $1551 5;;¢=¢1=1=1n:;s=s1;~.£2:1&es@i@§f.;L§!1 =.Q».§.2L4n1
=>&h@:_9=;s=ni=§:=i9.12;;i;;.;ivuss in 1
promotin 'E}T* " me draft was 0. suggestion of
a possible solution, on which I wished your comments.
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Ojfé Z92/Iemorlamdum - UNITED STAIES GOVERNl92<[ENT
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TO = MR. A. H. BELH °4'1'B= Harch 12, l9§,.L_-
O1-Il'ln____
__/' _ Ql-ll-l___ia5'-13J3CT= HHIGHLANDER FOLK §6HOOL 3'-"
INTERNAL SECURITY - CFROM = HR. L. L. LAUGH
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Reference it made to the material forwarded by y
Congressman Adam Cla on Powell, Jr. to the Attorney General
on February 20, 1951 Included in this material nus a form
letter dated Febru y, l95l,-captioned qear Friend" over th
signature of Myle _ rton, Highlander Director of the Highlander _
Folk School. In this communication the statement appears,
"What strategy prompted the FBI Agents to watch the school by /0
night and to harass neighbors with questions linking Negroes ,with Communism is not clear." ' wQt1£Till. ll__,_
Illl'..Z.-.
__._
.41; 11=so AJJ. today I called SAC Robey and advised 92~/
him of the reference of this material to the Bureau. I particularly
read the above statement and other excerpts from Horton's letter. I
I inquired of Hr. Robey whether Agents qf the Knoxville Qfice
had conducted any surveillances at nighttime at or in the vicinity
of the Highlander Folk School; also whether any informants
have been contacted at or in the vicinity qf the Highlander
Folk School at night; and, further, whether the Knoxville Qfice
hid conducted any neighborhood investigations at or in the
vicinity of the Highlander Folk School at night.
I requested.Hr. Robey to look into this matter immediately
and advise the Bureau promptly of the results of his check.
_,;g;_-."g'I01I.- -
Immediately upon the receipt cf this information from
the Knoxville Qfice an appropriate memorandum will be prepared.
/I
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FEDERAL aumu or Iuvasrmnuu -',';i'
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I OOHHUNIDRTIONS SECTION___.._..
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k _ ry 19 1951' - v ~ =1 -='#*-*-=,-'*=- T.-:51-' -'&I=n.:-.=-~_. 1: 1- - ~ - 1 -. 92 1 _=92 ' .' _ ---.,.--j~.i.1-_;-_ .3;--_, = _'_1" nf92-- ;.-H,-_ 'r_,'_s.-_",-5-___--j,--_ 1..-11-W _': '. --,. .- .-_ - .J - - ' - -- ' .' "_-1-~. -.-._ j-.1 ,' ' 7:-' "y-.,*~ ',_'. ~ -.,_ - _|-_-- - . . .,',;,,._; A 1'. __- .-. - - __ -. ~_ . _, A__1- 1-, .._~.f ._;:;-_|<.;- ~ '_~- -" -- ¢ --1|. 1» " / '." '_' _ __ , _ r-.'»" 1i_"?._,"i1'5§'_92_{?;1.:_1_{:_}'1}-:L..'Zg_ 5.54; ;_;'- 5" Z " ~'-_ _- : " -_ __ , -_j--._ 3.-., F.-.-J. cc'.s..~..;8 n " - ' I 3 ERNMENT. It
= - Edu I . .- .. ..e. ll-.vg, Federal Bureau of Investigation '- - ii » _
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ty torney General M~*~m~¢§,;',""' 1 1
T crib SUBJEC = A 1 1
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Q92 92 1. _.__
- I am quoting below, for your information and for such action,eased to the Attorney General by Albert E "_ arnett of the Can J,,§_r
School oi Theology, Emory University, Enor University, Georgi: ,92,___,,° as you may deem appropriate, s letter date?§?ruary 15, 1951, _,_ H __
' l'¢l=- neon _....._._
"My long time and trusted friend, Dr. Myles Horton, 1 Lug;
Director o£:_I.gh_land_e_rH_F__glk School at 1I_Qp_te_agl_e,__17enne_ssee _____ .
has been in recent correspondence with you about -the ac-' '.. '_ '-
tivities of agents of the Federal Bureau oi Investigation
in that mountain community. Apparently, some agents have
surmised that the free admissions of negroes as students
at Highlander constituted evidence of communist point of
view. These agents are said to have stated that such
would be the naturai interpretation on the pert of many
people in the region. This is, of course, s totally in-
accurate interpretation, -both oi the school and or the -
best sentiment in the southeast. Under supreme court
authority many public institutions of higher learning .. ~- T have opened their registration to qualified negro student's. 92 J
At the present time between 1100 and 1200 negro students
are studying in such institutions. Southern people are
more generally happy than unhappy over this outcome.
Students here in my own institution recently voted as '
overwhelmingly favorable to the admission of qualifiecDE|:Em:§r{1_ -__r§r:=;.-_"-negro students. '" 21 1 '
"I have known Dr. Horton and the Highlander Folk School , -rsince the foundation of that institution. I am e regular e, "
contributor to its budget and I am in deep sympathy with »
its programs and objectives. F. B. I. agents should be
investing their time and the government: money in detect- -| ing the real enemies of America, rather than harassing 55.2
those who so competently and intelligently support and
extend democracy as the Highlander .F_olk School. I ansending s copy oi this letter to'Se'nator Este5T@auver,
who is personally acquainted nith Highlander Folk School
and its staff and, to Dr. Horton."_" -
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- L;-fr 7' '*§"7=i5l-'*i=;,.'£:?T'?"3Ir. Ilylea Horton y _5,,£__ 1-3 -_ ',;_';'_1_.*I',-3;Director, Highlander Polk School '* _ 1 A f,.-,} ._-.-- ;1':.i*-[;j7-_7_ ;-1:1,;-.-_:;;§,Ionteagle, Dennessee _ .3 T,_ " I 3'-"?i£1§-""I"'f.92_»=. .'i¥. .'. .nA ' " '. Z.'*£$f;--7+;7 .- 1 7 - - » --.1'.-1=»+."1.»r* ".5 ~ -"3'¢---~-I7 3°" '7' 5°"t°' - - . . . _. 1 .- :--.:».L:*~.- ¢1..Y"*If".Le§n§="T*." ' '
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mic will acknowledge your letter cf January Bl, 1951, -;*dressed to the Attorney General, reqoelf-1-III dries lbw I ___6_, WIn cwvins out sf the I s=¢"1°° °1 '°¢°" " " " 1"""'Folk School. You advise that the Highlander Incentive _-;.%:_f.members ere disturbed by the exchange cf correspondence aith ;J___'...:__$_,-,-.-;._;_.-.-_;&;-Hugh H. Clegg, Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of lb-Q;vestigation, and consent that if agents can deny Ihat theysaid, they can likewise report things they have not been Que_;;:%$§k;%Ff£§1ifT¬iYou quot-ea notion which was aade by I1" 1-"7 hnd°1Pb um 7which provides that the Highlander Director shall speak for the _¢-7,;staff and shall ask that all questions posed by any FBIbe put in writing and shall aake his replies in Iritlnavided legal counsel advises this action. You then request -.;~,;§.:,%1:~;;_,_§_r;..;7»_.Attorney Gencral's advice as to the iesalitr sf 92@_¢°=°i__1 I_ 1 ;;;_.:»;_._;_-;;;.;5;§g_:__proposal that intervieis he carried on in trritdnge _7 Al _-' 71.3-I3;.;-.§f,@;;g§.,._' _ ' ' a . 7 ' ' ' 1- " 'fjf$_'§§i.'§;f{'§5§ff;' *1.
I should first poin ut to you that the Attorney General _is authorized by lav: to giéedhce only to the Fresident of 'United States and to the various Departaent heads, in vies of -.which 1 regret um the Dsparhcnt cannot advise 1° real-rd-ins ;T.;;;e.§,;*{T;"_?,N';',1;j=:%;,the legal situation involved. It occura_ to ac, however, thatthere should normally he no serious objection 1-0 11111118 59" ?Agents contact the Highlander Director when desiring infornatiafrom the staff of the school ascontenplated by the not-10!! Q-92°in your letter. Furthermore, I would §921PP°5. um rittm 1" "-plies to questions, either in the fora of stcnographio recording __1__-5.7i;.."i;_sf.."_..i1;t-if_A7Q1 the questions and answers, or in the fora of affidavits,be quita satisfactory. I believe that you will find the agentsquitg willing to accede to your desires in this respect. . - .¢¢-:. »_;-
fours'-sincerely, !- -'- - '- -r 1*-
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Jo muffins our faith in democracy as I goal that 92d.'l.l bring dignity and
freedom to all; in democracy as an ezqagnding concept enccmpaeeir.3 %;"~.wn
mlstiora from the emllest community organization to internetio:.s2. struc-
1'-9211'¢i "H5 Prrwitirng sll economic, social, and political ectivi ties., .' . - 92 _
Democracy to us mesh: that .:n:.bership in the huz-an family entitles all to
frecdoni oi thrught and rcli,-3'. on, to equal rights to 3 lifoliliood, education
and h~a1th; to equal oppo:-tur.it;' to participate in the cultural lite of "
Y-bk toms-unity and to equal access to ;m.b'_ic services. ' .
.~'Ie hold thst de.'|0crac;' is irmlictivo unless '.ror.'.er8 rre given a run voice
in industry througl. unions; or formers are given r voice in the mgket
plsce through cooperecive-s; or where fzeeduv. of thought end discussion is
li-rained; that democracy is ou.t1.r.92.w-d by l-ga.".ly entrenched discrirzxination
and segregation; that them dust be diversity of approach but each step
must be in corufomity with the goal, which it dishonored by each undemo-
cratic act. ' , " . -
Jith I-1 democratic goal, we are in a position to fight anything that gets in
the way, whether it be totalitarian communism, or fascism or monopoly
dominatsd capitalism.
The purpose of the Highlander Folk School is to assist in creating leader-
ship for democracy. Uur services are available to labor, farm co-xnunity,
wligious and civic organizations working to»-ard a democractic goal.
The nature of a specific educational Pmgrazl will be deter-mined by the needs
of the students. .
Use of the services of 1,1142 3011001 by individual organiztions W111 be in
accordance -aim thir mm pQ15,¢-Les so long as those policies do not conflict
with the .Dl11POse$ Q1 the School. I. staff member will assist in planning
and coordinating all pxogreus. ' V _
The Highlander Fo1k.$ch00l is a ,chm-tvzed institution, coopcratively owned
by the teaching staff. It has no affiliations. The policies and program.
of the School are wholly dctormined by an Executive Council composed of the
staff and recognized Southern leaders.
Highlander Folk School is supported by contributions from individuals, organ-
izza tions served by the School, folndations and tuition.
The time call for an affirmative program, based on a positive goal. An _
' ' ag-my of democracy deeply rooted in the lives, stmgrles and txoditiorns oi
the isrnprican people must be crested. By broadening the scope of democracy
to include ow-rgone, and deepening the concspt to include every relation-
amp, u» Qfpw of democracy would be so vast and so detmrmined thrt nothing
undemocratic could stand in its path.
1 , -| . _
App,e..'a.u,"m. E;u-.cu'tive Council, hpril am, 1950 .
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/. E[GHI..AN£ER FOLK SCIDOL SPOBBORS
& Hrs. Joseph Barnes
Dr. A. n. Bo1t.t.o1' H
Mary _92leLeod Bet.huno '
Algernon B19-Gk
Dr. B. R. Brazoal
Mrs. Ethel Clyde
Bc92r,W1_£;1'1c;'spo0n Dodge 7
Clifford J . Durr
Kermit Eloy
lira. Gladys Talbott. Edwards
Gertrude Ely
Rev, w. J. I-aulknor
MI. & BI:-S, J; no
Mrs. Harry Ger5h'on .
Clinton S. Golden
George H. Guest, I-l._D.
H111 r Grace T. Hamilton
Leon Henderson
J, Lewis Henderson
Rabbi Arthur Hcrtzbo rg
Dr. §1-coir; -Jon;-o
Dr. Cnarles 5. Johnson
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Dr. Lilian H. Johnson
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Lcuril Janos
Hag Justus .'
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." . '_John Denny i Z UH. SimonKuhn
1aul D. Almsky . '. y 1;;-._l: lire. Corliss Lamont.
IV Ire. Ernest K. I-indley
A. A. Liverigho
Lucy Randolph Mason
Dr. Berusmmr. Hays
X any Howilliam?/fir. George 11$:-jcholl
>6 H V_ rs. Lucy Sprogm llitoholl
b or. némwm Niebuhr
yJemms Perry
><-Clarence 3. Pickett. REV. Go
92,Q Dr. R8921t:CI'l8tvI'nl-lh
Malcolm Rosa
>3 Rev. Eugen: Smat.hers
Hilda. W. Smith
K P, A. Stephens, H.9-
K Jordon Stokes III
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-- Dr, John B. Thompson
v<M;-s. M, l§. Tmy
9;, v:;1_1:.=.;-<1 Uphmia
>/ uéorharawgn Arkol
§{ J. Raymond Walsh
% Hon, I: Hrs, J, Nobles
92:¢/lubroy 92ii_111&mo
92'/ __ ______ ..__
/92 Thomas Wlliston, lid?
or. 1-4111: mm»X Dr, Alva. w. Taylor_________92H_
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H E ~*'*' ..""° "151 1'MONTEAGLE. TENNESSEE - .
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-Ian , - 1951 _ ¥g;E.CE192'E'ul'IIUE[Ym
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iinited 5":.a.teeittoiy'92iE* - ' r=- - Y';laohi18tom D. c. 7 BMW 0 RED - §
I *- 92¥i' 'mil he ' . ._. ,.,:.I t . H _ emu. ' '9
" ies Lucy R-endclxh Ileeon, Soutbm OIU¥'BliE'Fie*letione
Representative, nee euggeeted that I eek your advice about e
problem gr-owing out of the ettendance ct Negroes at the Hillenhr
Folk School. Because of your cmn perecnal feeling in regerd to
diecrir'1ir92.et_1on, lliee Boson ielt that you eould understand tire
problem here end be in a position to give advime
1 The Highlander Folk School encbevore to put racial deme-
racy into practice; consequently we can expect e measure oi opposi-
tion,
_ We hardly expected, however, to hate Negro students nab
tin subject of investigations by the Peder-ql -Bureau of Investigation-
On October llth I wrote Senator Eetoe Kefauver that FBI agents were
asking our neighbor-e about the attendance of Negroes and implying
that our non-discrimination policy. nee coznnmnietio end imnporel.
Th-18 15119 °f Q-198*-i°"1"8 hoe created confusion in tie minds of our
neighbors regarding the rights of Negroes to be at the School.
' On December 10th I raised thieqieetion with liar. Hugh H, -
Clegg, lesistnnt Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
and quoted one of the FBI agente who had told _me that in thought
curenclceed news releeee condemning diecr.|.1:d.na-tion would be con-
JJ-..__-! -...........-I -l-l- 92-..- _ --g I-_J|L_ -I @..-.l.92..__. ¢-_1- -"LUUIUU UUEIILIUILLUUJ-C U, H. HHJUTLUI UL DC"-IIIIUITI i-Quj-LI-HQ _ .
t The apparent confusion of racial democracy with conmuniem
by the FBI agents and the implication of thie kind of thinking
alarmed the Highlander Executive Council members rho met. January 22
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Honorable J, Hpvrar-d l|,¢Ggo.t..h page 2 January 31, 1951
-'- 4
Council mmbere were aleo disturbed by the exchange ct
corre spondenoe with llr. Ghgg. It agent! can deny what tiny have
eaid, they can 1L1.kewiee report thing: thy have not been told. $inee
they go in pairs, the person inter-viewed is at a disadvantage. '
Iith this problem in mind, a mtion nae numb by lies Lucy
Randolph Mason that, becauee of previous llieunthrstandinge in inten-
views with FBI agents, the Highlander Director shall speak for the
staff and shall ask that all questions posed by any FBI agents be
put in writing, and shall make his replies in-writing - provicbd
legal counsel advieee this action. '
The Council is not raising the qua stion at giving inform-
ation, but of giving it in arch a way that the preon interviened has
the protection of a. written record. Could you advise ue as to the
legality of the Council pr'0p0ee1 that interviews be carried on in
rn-it-ing-
We -shall greatly appreciate your advice on this matter.
' - Very sincerely yours,
llyilee Horton, Director
- - Highlander Folk School
r
F, S, I want to pass on a comment on this letter made by a neighbor.
cc: Senator Estes Kefauver
enclosures- _ -- .'_- _i-.. '__92 =1 _¢.I_L 1; 1 *J'._.;_L1.=T..- ea-.-'1.--.*:.J;.-_..-1"-_'AL 92k:.-..' ' .41; :..'c...n~..-1' is-1-..92.1..:;'.;:'.W»".".t'.'L';".92_:.'_'.--.--'_, ...._=.v_
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Higalander Folk School for iunediate releal
iionteagle, Temessee _
Lionteagle, Temessee . . . November Z!, 1950 o 0 ."0ur Christmas bells could -
be freedom bells 1: we dared include all minorities in our circle or brother-
hood," I-iyles Horton told a conference of church leaders at the Hiywlander
Folk School. _ '
"Freedom bells ringing in the cabins of Negro sharecrcppers, ringing
for eager minded students with opportunities limited by accident of birth,
and freedom bells echoing in distant lands could 1-111 mo t,;~o92;b1gd go;-1d '11,};
thoughts of peace on earth and good will toward man, he said. p
"Highlander's democratic program is based on, the brotkrrhood of
man. Demcracy to uo means that membership in the human family entitles all to
the freedom of thought and religion, to equal rights to e. livelihood, education
and health; to equal opportmity to participate in the cultural life of til _
r..~nr:.um1ty and to equal access to public services," the religious leaders were '
told. .
' "We hold that democracy is inactive unless workers are given a full
voice in industry through unions; or farmers are given a voice in the market
place throng: cooperatives; or where freedom of thought and discussion is
limited; and that denncrcy is outlawed by legally entrenched discrimination
and segregation. w
"The times call for an affirmative pmgram, based on s positive goal,
said Horton. An army of democracy deeply rooted in the lives, struggles and
traditions of the American people must be created. By broadening ti-e scope -
of democracy to include everyone, and deepening the concept to include every '
relationship, the army oi democracy would be so vast and so cite:-mined that
nothing undemocratic could stand in its path c" -
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3811.31,
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_ _Deer Kyles: - , ~ - / -
_ _ ,
L '_'1his, to -my mind, is a thoroughly honest and perfsdtly concise expression
of the problem you present. I cannot see how Mr. llcroth can fail to madca-
stad its $lg.H-ifi¬iTl92Ti@| iu mwtandmg no ytiilji steps £6131-6 time pg-
- yventitn of future trouble. "
. u -- ' > . '
Please feel tree to use an as a reference it you have such need. I an o
always willing to speak or write my convictions regarding your personal inta-
grity and the high purpose of Highlander. .
- I ca: here some years before you cane. ihe newness of your program aroused
wonder and even suspicion in tr: community. We heard Ii-ld tales of communistic
intent ainnoe with Russia machine om-as Ln Hm al-Ho -lat! um-n r 0 v_ n . _ _ _ _ _ _ __- _____ _ . . . 1 ._ I92- hill Q _-- --I i --- - - --.--- 9- -- '--- .'ww tau --gvqgp ;.|-.7 9
immorality. People cane to are with these extrsbagant rumors, begging ms to
"do something about it." I did do something. I visited the school when you
. and Don '-lest gave a "play-party" for the children of our community. I went
- again when Jim Dombrowski started a Bible study class. We learned a good deal
J V about social conditions in the days of Amos and Micah. I went to s meeting
' held after a neighbor-s house had burned down and you started plans - and
7 funds - for building a new home for him. I went to a Christmm party when I
helped with the child:en'8 games and saw you play Santa Claus with a bag oi
presents. Once I went to a sewing bee, another neighborhood benefit. I was
- sick at the time the P. '1'. A. was organized in your living room, but 1 heard
all about it. I heard, too, of other "good deeds" - by mic tirm the neighbo;-5
had something else to talk about than the fearful fantasies of the earlyoaya,
_ One dark night, Jini went a good way to bring as doctor for one of my school
girls in time to save her and her baby. "1didn't know there were such good
folks," pm neighbor women said. Then I heard about the time that Claudia Lewis,
.7 the Nursery School teacher, and another one from Highlander, prepared all that
. wa needful to bury s little child in s very poor family, -
7 All these things and many more convinced me that your pu1pOSé and plan for
_ . coming, to live in our community was essentially good and had no ulterior motive.
- In later years I have learned more or your practical program, your concept of
. true democracy in your policy of non-discrindnation, non-segregation, and your
g¢ma1 ex;-1_':1p1Q in living what you believe. I know a minister who said, "1 with
T -"" A *"=-=1 that I cane as near as Kyles Horton to real consecration to the
Cause 01' real Christianity. ' .
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I-iyles Horton - l page 2 _ Jan. 3I}'19.
I N 1' .
"Do you think Highlander is radical?" The last tins I was asked this '
question, I gave this answer which I would give tochy. "!es, they are radical -
ss radical ss the Declaration of Indspendenu -- or the sermon on the llount.'_' y
- 1
It is because you dame to believe that not only "all can an crested fne Ind
equal, but that there should be "liberty and justice for all" that you are tedi-
csl. And the onr who bado all men to sct like brothers, made no difference bo-
tween his white children and the blncko - "
I deplorc the recent invest-igstion' 0! tit I B I agents, implying is it did,
that your non-discrimination policy toward Negro students clf-if- ted PH->0! 01'
your com::mistic.naturB, purpose, plan and infant. When racial democracy can he
con!-_=se-;* wit}: wmnunlml in the minds of F I 1 agents, than is cause tor slam,
it seems to ms. Our community has comr s._long wsy in I-ppreciating and under-
standing the policy of H1gh.'1.andsr, it-s principles; its practice of real thmocracyn
But this faith though fostere for so many ysa Dy living proof and e;-an-iple,
cannot rail to suffcr from the shock of s visit from tin ? B I in which tln
school's policy of non-discrimination is given s red tag and 113:1.
.-:'ith all this ismind, I an glad you have written this letter to llrlorath.
I hope it leads to a definite under-standing which will affect all tutu!
in ti rviews. '
-="it_h best wishes for you and the rest of the Highlander staff, I remain
_ Your friend,
Hay Justus
.
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c 1-ionteogle Temesoeo
December , 1950
Llr. Hugh H. Clog; ."
Assistant Director
Fedl Bureau of Investigatim
:Jashingt.on, D.C.
Def :-Hr. Clegg: . *
1 was plrased to read from the Intcmational Labor News
Sr-rvioe that you feel that the "wool-as at communism"
can he measured by the vrPa1-cnessca of do-aocracy. I am lad
to believe by your analysis of the situation that you;
would aw:-o'v'e the enclosed state-1'-ant of mlicy of %.%
ZiighJ.and~=r Folk School.
In th: South, people arr ofbon criticized who believe an
no do haze at Highlander that diucrininatim is incompati-
bie with democracy. In fact I was told recently by one of
your agents that the contents of ti: enclosed ner.-a releaso
would be consirkred cmrmmi stic by a mljority of Southern
people. - '
I sincer92=-ly twat that the position taken by you in U1:
New York Herald Tribune forum is the official position of
the F.B.1,, and not the position implied by the activities
of your rcpzvsentetixéa who have questioned our neighbors
ye;-;~.rdir.g visits of Zisgrocs to the School;
'.-.'°u1d you clear this matter up for 11:?
Sinocnely youm,
Myles Hort-on
Dire ctor
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-Im~n:ry 3, 1951
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Thin I111 nclarowlodgt your latter C
'.-owrbcr 10, 1960. * "
It nu long, been the ntsblllaed growdwi
if ihii 1.-uai-J tr: 1"-v-iii ns: er-riam w Q-*6
nfntnxanntoi at.-.0 and purpnol uf my zrpnimb
uni, Uarefwo, no cannot omumub on u poltditl
of ysur 0 61001»
Y-its; roqml to tho ltlhnnm. Hat ym
ntiributod to u Special. Agnt utihia Bureau, hit
, v-111 advln int I znvt ohaolad I111: tin {Io Spnoill
I-_~ont8 who o-mashed yo- on naoecbor 7, 1950» Thq -
-:.~:=;~Aat1-Jilly dew *_="u92.t yeu 2&1; t-ha % 1.!!!
roluaao or that may l-dc any lhhmntl tr» yml
rm toly lp1=3'G1Oim.'l.Il3 Jill allouptluno
' Vary hulyycnn-0.
liugh u. C105,;
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from Highlands-rhuocut.ivo council ninutll - ' . J
Pm 3! Jon 22-23, 1951 .
Horton gnu a full report on non recent tctivitiol of I31 agent! who no A
. g 1
n192{Ql'.§ nr nll!l!IlI92-ttiC_ Ihn nnnntn H13 I-nun llkib nli Ihbi! nhnnt- --...-- ---- 3- .-» -5-..-- .---- wwwlyp ---_-b --9.. -. -1--
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leg;-ocu attending or visiting llighlandcr. Horton and c iettrr he wrotn Senator
Kefauvcr which said; in put] They the I B I Aglnta! have boon particularly
inoiotont in their qmltimu about tin at-tondanol of llogrol at lghlsnb!
sessions and conraronocr. They wanted to know when Plopll sloop and what gun
en after the cont:-nnoos on our 0 I - I Mil you cln find tin to look into
this situatitn and do something to stop intixrddntion 0; our neighbor! and tb
inference that the non-discrimination policy of the cchool, which in that of thl
C10 and AFL, is cmmmzniatic and immoral.
Ho:-to: _ccnt.ir.md that the agents an going around the commit; trying to stir
uj: tho pvoplc by asking loaded qw ationa about tho log;-o students at Highlander.
Etc anti-aw, Horton read a nc1rBP&P°r report that the aocictant Uircctor of tho F B I -
made a speech at the New Io;-k Bo-ralll Tribune forum in which he said diacrimnaoh -
was incompatible with democracy. Horton congratulgtnd Lho F B I lp0kO8lIl-I-It a.nd_
reported a comment made to him by an F B 1 agent who said that a. iiighiandor nal
release which condoms disc;-iminaticn, would be conaidcrodjcomrmmictic by a majority
I
or southern pvopln. Tho 7 B I Assistant Director ansnomd that he had pcrscnmlly
checkrd the mattcr and that both agcntc who talked with Horton, denim! emphatically
making any such otatcmntc
J»-i ow; Ho;o..5ed discussion, it was moved by Lucy Randolph llacon that, because
or previous nL1.uundPrtondi.r|,gs in interview: with F_ B I agents, tho Highlander '
I »Jr. 1. -
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_ -_- Bufile 61-7511!
- Enclosed herewith 1; article -by BICKIIEIA-3*-§HBAIIB
» an1=1u@a§<*'écno<>1 spurs R1-Mal Amity in $° =h11-mi" "h1°h;- ,I,p,,_r,.1 in 1-11, 3/B/51 issue of the Christian Science Monitor
2
.67c/.
Enclouro
!.LL INFORMATION '?"_1NTA|NED _hcg HEREIN SUNCLASSIHED *
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S£il0O_l_ Sp11l"§'_
Iliacial Amity
In Soutliland
The Sou't_hern'
Success Story-IX i
___a..
This is the ninth in tl series of.
one of ,ii'l-B notioifs qutstandiiig ,economic developments, "the
comeback in the southern states.
In giitheriiig"materiol for these
-_55°"§-9. .Mi'. Eribanizs traveledinto every section of the South.
BY BlC|iIlCH Elllliflkl ' -
-""11 Cdrrrsponiierii of ' 'The Christian Science Monitor - i
_ Monteazle. Tenn.
Practical methods ot solving
racial problems are being sought
at the_l-tighlander Folk School
here 111811 amt! the beautiful
Cumberland Plateau.
Southern whites and Negroes
a:'e.being brought together in
realistic fashion. And these whites
and Negroes are going back out
into the re-g5cntc preach that
racial harmony 13' pd55ib1g__ F9 i
they have tried to learn ti-oi.
daily eacgit-=1'iei1Ce that thedieri *
noes which now seem insui
nountabie can be overcome. i1 '!l=e vi.<it01' to Highlander s si
i1_r..lc _in _thc pliysical plant of the.-st"-moi that iooics especially ex-
pclmenial. He notices buildings
n. .~lll'l]JlQ, bcz-utiiul design they
1 ,C cicsigned by Carl Koch,
t i-niii-idge,, l'Iass.. architect!. 'A
school for moimtaioccr chil-
-n and a lilirnry are the only
ouilsiicgs wiiich suggest it is
s':hool.'
A£1.
But Mgles Hot on who founded
this unique institution, points to
the schoo1s record oi seeking to
lift the veil of suspicion and fear
:r.:~o-ughout the South. Mr. Horton,
himself a native ot Tennessee, ex-
pisiiisgiiat he has had _to.over-:
co-no suspicion and threatsto 'get_
the school where it is today, Now,
it 1- 7:; her.-i accepted by the !Ol1Tle
isii~.cors_ and manyjsouthernersI
i
.~-.- -- ai -H 1- 1'- c"h[_92 I! _, in 0 Ar-""'T_l11<!d to persuade this man to
. . , ,One Tot _Mr.-' t-lortohls tavoi-il_e_stories ls o'f_'_ o_ southwestern oil!
union local lieadpvho cane to the,
ichool to zttlend, a -seminar out.
labor que_sttons.- He-hid been ,.sponsored by his !0¢81.- Mr. H_0»Q' 'leai-tied lhatthe otl worker wgsai
a leads .ot the Ki;-Klux Klan
in his home town.
I d-idnfg say anything to hi_Il1_l!-
rst," Mi. Horton explains. "nut
you can imagine his surprise when
he found his bunk _ll'!I-its '35 ll
Negro. He was quiet f_0t.'-tWD OI
three days, b'_ut'you could sci; hewas getting ready to boil over.
Finally, Mr. Horton says. @119
oil worker came to _hi1'n and
claimed he had been tricked.
I pointed out to him that he;
had had our Iolder__exP1-Biol"!
what the school wasand that; he
had had plenty of opportunityto nd out what the school was
before he came."
Leader Quit Klan - . .
I-Ie shouted that .he still It he
had been tricked, and that w_as
going home. Mr. Horton tol _hirn
l-id would have a job of explaining
t do, because pictures ot him
e ting with Negroes already had
en sen; to his local. .
The oil worker stormed out of
the building. For several days hethought hard. All this time he
continued to attend the discus-
sions, ate with the rest of the, . é é/»%F//-»/
miners, whose contact-:witi.th=ltIt92'!e._1i,|nlted, tin Eli-Q.be1.1°'
tits they ',hnre gained tron}
Highlanders.-_._l The schoql bu an tmpoalnllist ot sponsors, including "Dr.
John Dewey, Clifford 3,, DWI.Mary ' MCLBOd- 3.¢$h§"l_¢- .1-'95"3,1-Ienderson, Aubrey Williami. .Dr,.:i.Rei.nho1d Niebuhr, and Federaliiéudge :1, Weties Wiriogt, _ lThe school was founded ln
1932 when Mr. Horton and a
friend sold the i:lca to Dr. Llllill
iW.' Johnson oi Mempl-iis._ l_Dr.
Johnson gave them a building}
land about 200 acres of 1andall.
lrun down. The friend soon lett,§
but Mr. Horton kept on. - -,
' From the rst the school has-
been under attack. Even laborunionseyed the school with lame
held the rst C10 school in the
goth, die worlcinl men N83" 5°
chance 1h=if.eP?15°I?'- . .
-Inytact 'l92lr_'. Horton has ti-1I'I1¢d
much -of the-'di1Q¢on ct-the,¬schwl_ttselt-over to an ailistant.; tharine Winston. Ind l mn-
ic itratlng his eorts $0 bfi in'7cl trial_worker_s_ and farm s ofi South closer together, -.
i ut.-Mr. Horton-js not being
ave;-optimistic. He--realizes that
the southern" traditions -oi S999-far
i'on oi rac:s, are .t.oe strong tipi group, and» continued to room
with the Negro.
He began to see that his be-
liefs had been based on miscon-
C¬ "§CIl1S, Mr. Horton says.
Fie didn't know what to ex-
pectwhen he got back home, but
we had shown him through the
simple method of bringing him
into contact with Negroes that he
had been wrong," Mr. Hortonsays. -- -' - I
"There is ii sequel to this story.
This oil worker went home, ahd
union tried to raid his local.
j . .om them and carried on the at-
tempted raid .on a racial basis.i But the oil worker deed them,
pitched in,_ and defeated the rival
union. He is now one of the town:
outstanding leaders and I strong
advocate of-equal rights." .
And.he has quit the Klan, Mr.
i Horton adds. . _il.',lTlOVQ ovemigi-t. lie still iscrnfsnt or 1?-e ul'.im::"e remove
of tb::.e c'i"crenccs, in sills 0' .-'.92nst:nt' :-92t;.ac"s on his -$51001
"i-om many southern political
1E?.Tl.Q!'5,'- I-_.!- "_ :§:_' ':_ -. - .r In arisweir to-charges 111] R. i_g,tr-ring lo'st.ir up trouble 111 the
.-points to h5s5chool's statement
ot_purpose:' 3 -
T
tioi-is n-oi-ii the smallest com-
ill . ec§ii1oihicf'Idoclal,- _ nd , ipoli,tl_
"Democracy to us means th1 Faritherrweleomod it-Y--"-H, Ii:~ ;."1he"."iclioc:il "v.¥¢immd_='isn'~s¢rf=.= y prejudice or discrimi tor
' South, -- this '.*"young southerner.
. We -'rcafl'irn"i our mini in de-mocracy as a goal that will lbnnl _, =d' 't .a_d- freedom to a I Inshortly after he got back a rival d,§,',,§§§ac§° 3;; an expanding gon-
c t. encompassing human rela-'
iirriunity o_r§anizati_on to ijfii-i3"_!l"
3 cal tictivities;"" *'"<
at
membership in the human ._
, family entitles all,to ireedon-_i of
taught and religion, to equali hts to a livelihood, educat' qt -d ll lit}"it .if 0- -t -at
tiers by-this Score--...l._
i . oi-ton lays his school ts
nanced by contributions iroin
many incligtdtgils, lncludin_s Mrs-
Frmklln D.,noooeveit. no ei-
plsins that molt ot the contribu-
tions come tn small amounts, tn-
dicating to him that tb¢7i.¢°m¢[1-om pgpl pretty close to thegrassroots of-the South." ~
He has letters by _t;b¢ _f¢°§f
ti-om people all over me_b092JtI=who have attended session at
Highlander. He is pleased with
them all, for tn him. 1111!! Iresymbols sliowlni he is 011 ihi
right road. Perhaps. though, hr
is proudest of o letterhe receiyec
ti-om' 1- Negro fertilizer WOYKCI
in Mississippi, who wrote:"I can say for myself this ts thr
rst me that I have had i
suspicion. But when Mr. Horton ,cl-ialice to dwell toiel-11¢! Wmwhite and, colored iriends ii
unity. it the whole world hat
ti-iis'unity, lt would not be In.
trouble tor us to B0 $0 "IE I-5°11
and vote. Neither would there b-
. .'We would have peace in
ead of hate. tolerance P1? 'it discrimination and prejudfe.its Klux Klan, or hate camps _n:
i a
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1'. - mic:-um Baunderl . . . v ' .~ '- ' . "" ' i
92_ Participant Gives His Views at Highlander Folk School ' in '
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»OZL:? ]VI677201/'d726Z772 - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT
TO = 1!, 1;. Ladd oars: larch 13, 1951mom - i Z- la H. BB1sna_1sc'r=' . __ 17/ w~~-PE.1 §§%¬_=%§£E§E£3;;§°E L rs FORMATION cormurzao -»111111 61-1111 ii' REiNl UNCLASSIFIED1 05.1515;/saalm BYPURPOSE ' ' c9¢@9<5'~" mi
, To submit for your approval the attached memorandum to U
Mr. Peyton Ford which is in answer to additional material which the
Department forwarded to the Bureau relating to the captioned matter.
IETAIIS
onf March 9, 1951, the Department furnished the Bureau
certain mat rial which had been sent to the Attorney General by
Congressman Adam Clayton/Powell, Jr., of the 22nd Congressional District,
New York, w ich material had been received either directly or indirectly
ir.om Myles orton, Director of the Highlander Folk School.
A review of this material reveals that it is very similar to
the material previously forwarded to the Bureau by Mr. Peyton Ford and
which was answered in our memorandum to him dated February 26, 1951.
Fhotostatic copies of this material have been made and it is
suggested that the originals be returned to Mr. Peyton Ford together
with our reply to him.
A review of this material reveals that in the letter addressed
to "Dear Friend" dated February, 1951, signed by Mles Horton, the
second paragraph contains a statement, "What strateg; prompted the FBI
Agents to watch the school by night and to harass neighbors with questions'1inking Negroes with Coumunism is not clear." This statement can be
;oonstrued as a new allegation on the part of Horton that the FBI has
been conducting physical surveillances at night on the Highlander Folk, School. -
61
In View of this new allegation, SAC Robey of the Knoxville '
office was telephonically contacted on March 12 and requested to
furnish any facts relating to the allegation. On the same date SAG
Robey advised the Bureau by teletype as follows:
Attachment ' .
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at night at or in vicinity HTS.
Knoxville Office has not contacted any informants at
or in vicinity HF5 at night. '
Knoxville Office has not conducted an neighborhood
ons at or in vioini HS at However
was
with case entitled
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The results of this interview of
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Under am of February 2'2, 1951, the Knoxville 'orr1¢- Ian
instructed to make no contacts whatsoever at the Highlender Folk
School and that all thellgente in the Knoxville Office should he
iurt-her instructed that r.c diccusim pro cr can should hi iidi
with any individual concerning the Highlander Folk School,
ACTION
Inasmuch as this allegation of Horton that the FBI conducted_
e physical surveillance of the Highlander Folk School at night is
erroneous, there in attached hereto tor your approval a __n3g_£___marg1m__Lg_
Mr. Peyton Ford so advising him. The material which Hr. Ford forwarded
?mEH1. m~ to him, phcto-static copies havingbeen made for our tiles, --
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. /1:0 ; The Director mm: February 27non = ,9. ll. Ladd 5% =1===
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sunjnch - ereemnoen FOLK sceooz ,mE,;I;;§_;;; _§fw1r _- INTERNAL 52001212"? - c maze: =-its-~ 5" Hr' =-'~=&- om
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To answer the questions you asked with re peat to the ~
information set out in my memorandum of February 2 , 1951 whichis attached. aiassmed cg
DETA ILS eassify ,
!$1~I-S'ST39-
You _want_ed to F[§_Q_lD__ the identitiegioif the infdiuyiiguqls
u1ho__ handled _1.1a.r1i nm,____:1l_1a.slA..._o,l'l,:L=lh is._;-'_§:i-that ion _ ah ig_1__.1
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The o r i m1egardin,a .th_ie_.ent.i.re. not ten. was
received in a letter dated December l0,_ 1950, from llr. Myles Horton,
Director of the Highlander Folk School, addressed to Hr. H.H.Clegg.
Mr. Glegg referred this communication to the Security Investi ative
Division for handling. The r d-¢y_Sweruis
Int rnal Security Se.cti.c.n. l.[r.,l3au0hliz1___an r. e mon . Prior
loo ,JT¬_DT1.nQ the reply, Mr. Laughlin called the Knoxville Office
and SAG Robey, after questioning the Agents who interviewed Horton
on December '7, 1950, advised that the Agents had categorically de-
nied they had made the statement attributed to them by Horton.Hwajfter the matter had been discussed..mith of
u E_._ . _ E _ .1 _,' __ ."' " """ _'
The reply originally was prepared for the Director's sig-
nature. Mr. Belmont recommended it would be more appropriate to
reply over Mr. Clegg's.signature. This was done, This letter was
initialed by Messrs. Laughlin, Belmont and Winterrowd
and signed by Mr. C14? ""_"_'
The 3¢°°"d Pk ? °f_ '*l_i§.-{1F£l5§§.£._9fP3"3__':!@?TL-1 T~__ 3°99? .»Baldwin ofthe ,4meriecn"'TJi'5i'1 Ziz>ereies.,_Union.directed --a-letter ,1to you dated February 14, l.95l. The cover memorandum dated
rein-uury 21, 1951, and the proposed .Ietter__to_ Hr. Bq_1__d_lq;I §,___ whichw@i,.£!..t_q.qh ed. ...e2_¢.re q J3:-=..r ..¢%.i.§..<»:.=e§§.i@n-_=P_i*hF. J. Baurn_;rq_rdner_, _Le,o;.{3. Lou hlin an H. Belmont. They werein*i"F*_al*E,?i¬Eil:13ressrs. ies L. mughlin, A. H. Belmont,Hr. Nichols and Hr. Rosen. "T " l T ll" '
The third phasepof 1l=.b_1}§_ 8.i;li.2§iO11_-w-8~»iiiiG>iFO-d--9§~#h8 re-
ceipt o_f_,two,1nepioranda_ from llr. Peyton Ford, Deputy_At_to__rn_ey,Genera ;92both dated February 19, 1.951. 'Iri']lr. Ford 'sicom.munications, he for
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warded a letter dated January 31, 1951, addressed to the Attorney
General from Myles Horton, Director of the Highlander Folk Sbhool,
together with certain other material which Horton had forwarded
with.his letter. Hr. Ford also forwarded the contents qf a letter
dated February 13, 1951, addressed to the Attorney General by
Albert E. Barnett of the Candler School qf Theology, Emory Uni- ,
versity, Georgia. fhese memorandgJfrgm_yrimf§rd raised addition-
al questions. whioli wer?_§}t_f§rJ?!,=_ifi7wlu friE;aor.af»Id1IaIE§?7*e*traEry 23,l§5_I. To that.-memo nGeG_@_Q-_m, *9 reQareE£ F. J.Baumgardner, were attached proposed let ers o r. der Baldwin
and to EFT ?eyton Ford. This memorandum was initialed by A. H.
Belmont, F. J. Baumgardner and-
! You inquired whenwas inter-
viewed and who is he. W
'1 1 _ E
' VII I v"" H W ' ' ' "J ' Ulcussed during this interview.
In addition to the above questions, you instructed
that the Knoxville Office be advised not to discuss the High-
lander Folk Sbhool pro or con wi h anyonee
CO!-I. ENT! P: I _'
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CONFMNTIAL
The Knoxville Qfice has been so instructed.
- d You_further instructed that the proposed letters to
Mr. Roger Baldwin and to Mr. Peyton Ford, which were attached
to my memorandum qf February 23, 1951, both be changed.
Both of these letters were changed pursuant to your
instructions.
ACTION
fhe Security Investigative Division sincerely regrets
that a situation such as this did arise and you may be assured
that every endeavor will be made to profit from this esperience.
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I 3;: _-.7. h GREENBAUM,92NOLF'F' 8. Enns-r
285 MADISON AVENUE
NEW YORK I7, N-Y.LAWRENCE 5 GREENIAUM5awARD 5 CRIEHBAUMHgnggwr A WOLF!
MQRR 5 ERNST51!-HJEL J ECHUF.|_;-_m-moss uuozvJWOME HANDLER1-ueoooaz s .mrrm 1':|..z|I|-non: MUIIIIAY |-|||.|. I-Ila:
LEO IOSENHARRIET F PILPELw1|.,|.1AM F WOLF! Jill
March 14, 1951. _
¬.?no~»-L».
Mr. Louis B.Nicho1s V
Federal Bureau of Investigation -
Department of Justice
Washington, D.C.
Dear Lou:
I received a letter fr-om
lander Folk School, of Pionteagle, Temlessee. I am sending you
herewith copy of a letter I have written to _
Best,
Y1] 5
Enc Io s J st l
9. "14
;.{;:, I; ALLWFOR?-41AT|0NB JTAINED
J HEREIN IS U?-ECLASSIFIED9 E ,DATE§}2_BY
F ' {Ii " REBOW- '25 I iAFIi ? .;s5;1
> j mnsxl-Z5 fit
n v! Q:.;_ ; whom 1 do not know, with respect to alleged
./Jimproprieties practiced by the FBI agents in relation to theiigl-_n-_______
1?
2*
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