Document text
V 1 6; %1 4
PEARL S. BUCK
-1}22 1 PAGES
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Mr. Lester ......... --92'- Mclntire The Manor ' ;fNkMh"fmL 333 E. 43rd Street,f - m M: Q':|i|1nTnnim.: Ne York cityxl " __.__5 ' September 15, 1938.
Mr. T"-ncy......_ _
1:25; Gaady...... '
Hr. J. Edgar Hoover,
Federal Bureau of Investigation,
U, s, Department of Justice,
qashington, D. c.
My dear Mr. Hoover; 4
- Thank you very much indeed for'
your letter of September 8. I found the kid-
naping story extremely difficult to write be- a
cause the facts on such things are so limited.
my idea for many years has been that people
should not pay ransom if their children were
kidnaped. But after I had talked with people
who had worked on kidnaping cases and found thatyour department makes no such clear recommenda- '
tion, 1 had to revise my own thinking. .
I shall be very glad to accept
your invitation to visit the Federal Bureau of
Investigation when I am in Iashington again.
Binge yours,ALLINFORMAHONCONTAINED. Z :5. K;nmemesuucuxssmao / J J. / ../
I" Pearl s.oBuck.
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Tiicipiv Elma-like
31,3155 is locked upon as alegit; American advocate "oi the
national aspirations oi the -Iar
Eastern peoples. Her identity with
china tor many years and hsr
activity in this country in behalf
oi China. India and the Negro
people have given her a' special posi-
tion cf authority and prestige,
which goes beyond her fame as a
novelist. Because oi h e r public
activity she has won respect not
only among her countrymen. especi-
ally in lll'°8ll!5$ive circles, b u t
throughout the colonial and semi-
dependent world.
Miss Buck may also be considered
S representative oi an important
sector oi liberal opinion in this
country, reecting i tstrend and
mood. ~
It therefore becomes important to
"understand the motives and the root
causes which led her to assert be-
fore a gathering oi Nobel Prize win-
ners that this was no "longer a .war
for treeiom and that in her opinion
it would be followed by still another
war which would be ¢he real liber-
ation war." Miss Buck could not
have tailed to realize the serious
implication of her remarks a n d
their possible eitect u p o n the
political morale oi liberal and petty-
bourgeois circles at home and
abroad. i 92
And it is unirtunate, as she evi-
dently iailed to take into eon-
aideration, that her speech provides
heavy ammunition pr t h e Axis
l>l'°Pa¢andists, especially at this
serious juncture in the war when
Japan is gathering her forces on the
Indian borderantl the Berlin-Borne
Axis is attempting desperately to
undermine Anglo-American posi-
tions in Africa.
a 7
- lb those acquainted with Pearl
Buck's utterances during the past
year her latest speech comes as no
surprise. H e r position is char-
acterised by a number 0! basic mis-
-conceptions and deeply-rooted illu-
sions with respect to thewai-_ and
the various nations and torcu in-
voived. . .
To begin with, she has not under-
stood fully the relation between the
Pacific Front and the decisive Euro-
pean Front, and therefore does not
agree with tbeconoept of llobal
strategy as it is being developed
2%~
1
1
"Vin Iii. . ' inn»-w§&;A!==#¢=
Ooalition. In her opinion. the main
battleeld a in Asia and it is only
here that the war oi ireedoin can
its might. She noes to me latent,
oi dismissins Dirope completely II
5 t_r'aditiona.lly decrepit eivuinntion.
ai>1e"io.eontribiiie' not-bins. even
alter victory. to woi-id
This aspect oi her reasoning is
Zdosely linked with a misunderstand-
ingot the real role of the Soviet
Union-its historic aecomplimments
as a Socialist federation oi tree
nations, its place in world relations
and particularly its decisive erm-
iribution to the winning of the
war and the detest or Hitler and
' hence the destruction oi the Axis.
Outside the passing references to
the absence oi! race llflllllle ll!
uie Soviet onion. Miss Buck in her
utterances shows. amen: 0*-ll"
thigs, an underestimation oi ,tha
Y: I '
v - .
gredt anti-imperialist inuence of
the .UBsR and the piogrcssive'iia-
ture of its relations to the colonial
peoples. 1" r o in her first-hand
knowledge oi china, she should be
aware oi the relentless struggle oi
the Soviet Government against all
"on and against the policy oi "appeimenkas well as the con-
sistent material aid given Qiina
anringnuneryesrsosstrisssler
treedom. ._ _ _ IND!
At the root oi her misconceptions
lies a distortion oi the basic rela-
tions between the colonial would and
the capitalist powers. This rela-
'tionship die has alWIY8_0VUllml>11° »
ed in pin-eiy i-neini terms. 1.8 the
colored peoples versus the white
peopla.-lls is ayery dangerous
oversimplineation, indeed. the kind
_upon_ which the Axis bases it s
gropaganda among the subiw
§p188._ .
Hence, it is not surprising that
with this approach. Miss Buck
comes to the conclusion that ms
real war oi freedom" will have tr}
-be ought between the white angoolored peoples. and it is this
for war which she has in mind wh
'akin:otthenewwarwhichwi'i
w the present one if_ 4 I_.'.__ t-.
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Buck
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Iri..-def "g ___ r._..e - ~- < -*-- --~ 4"-2. _,Q;-1y"t._ms year, as gamn '5'!"eompleting her initial successes in
we south Pacific. she wrote: .
"0urcoioredallies...kn0W f-hit
itmsynotbetheendolt-htWIl'
tor them even when Hitler has gone
idown and Nazism is crushed and
'Jgpa_n returned to her isles I831!-
The colored PW!-92l¢$ l=11°W that 1°
' them the war tor rreedom ml? 11!"
10..-_> an against the .very' Wm
men at whoseatde they I" ll°W
lighting.
-'_ , . me white swim W81
now to realize the truth, too-that
war may not be ended I0! 919111
either, when Nazism ialls. ,lheY
oust {ace the ll 5u°n? wm theirQolored allies then become their
¢neinies7 That my my be "'3',!ei-i-rue enemies is no idle threat.
fi m;c0Rf¢?
'_arn-,.. ,._ ,
.
This is a Clipplflg frompage S Of the V
Ilaily Worker for .
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= _ _ ~- 0 _ =' _Howisitposiblethatl'Dei'mnl
» acknowledsing suchbroadresponsi-=
bilities as Miss Buck should permit -f
herselii utteranes which can be '
, misinterpreted and seized upon by-
_> ourenemies toineiterace-war'and~ -disunity? - . 1 '- ' j
_-Itcanbeexplainedonlybyher;
iaiiure to understand the essence ot 5the struggle for national liberation, Iwhich has for its aim the ov_eroom- -
ing oi internal feudal and
patriarchal barriers to evolution is
a nation and ireedom irorn_ foreign, 1
imperialist control. White chauvin- F
ism, oi course, plays a role in;
establishing autocratic and arrogant '
methods oi" rule, but it is _th e
exerescence and not the essence oi _g 1lD§¬l'1ku-Sill. _i Her -approach, arising largely trom =1 a deeply-felt but confused reaction?
92 to racial-injustices, is illuminated
92 further by her concept oi demee-
racy as a "state oi mind." In her
; opinion. the Chinese are the great-
t est democratic nation in the world
heuuse the individual Chinese
state of mind" is intripsiéaliyl democratic. __ -
Ber admiration for the Chinese
people arises notpriinariiy tmm
their great advance towards nation-
hood as a people and their heroic
=. struggle against -aggression, but
iromamisreadingoiChinesehis-
tory. She inistakes the paternal-
istic iamiiy relations established in
a pre-capitalist iorm oi social
'organisationior the ftrue" democ-
i racy. Instead oi seeing in the new
'. iorces arising in Chins. the reliable
; promise oi people's democracy. she
tends to view these as a threat to
the ststeotinind"establishedby
Her writings are pervaded by a,1 ' deep nostalgia for thesliigishnessl or the oldsoeiety Immarred by lac-§
~ -tory sirens a n d the turbulenti
x. _ > I Do be continued! '
-i- '-,-___'_>-- ___._e_'._-n ______1awakening oi 92,33943 e _
American Unit!-ltd llia,'J0hn -
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,3- '|1e
By James S. llen
This is the third and hm of
a series 0 the speech delivered, y uc he N be! b Q lot 8 o
Prise Winner: dinner held in
j New York cm.! _
m0
FAR more important than any
. iormal, documentary pronounce-
ment oi ireedom to be obtained. as
important as this is for political
mobilization, are the possibilities-
actual and potentialwhich are in-
herent in the people's war itself and
in the iorces it sets into motion.
. China, for example, as a result
oi the national cohesion she- has
already won by her own eorts and
because oi the military necessity oi
Jthe United States to defeat Hitler
and 'destroy the Axis, can never
again be returned to a state of par-
ioned dependency upon the great
c italist powers.
d India will be iree, because it
both a requirement of United
Nations victory on the Pacic I-tent
and already a predestined outcome
oi a war which is being iought
Qgainst the most aggreslve and
Ityrannical imperialism and which
jtherefore also engenders over-all
anti-imperialist results.
- To attempt to discount the whole
'war simply because the British Die-
hards controlling colonial policy are
blind enough to-place the privileges
of empire above the national neces-
sityior victoryistomisthe bus.
The best answer to Pearl Buck
is being given by the people's lead-
ers and organizations oi India,
prominently among them the Oom-
munists, who understand that tree-
dom, even it it is a military neces-
aity, will not be handed down to
them on a silver platter. Ii_the
Colonel Blimps arrogantly reiuse
to permit the Indian people to de-
nd their own country because this
tails recognizing their national
, irations, well then, say the In-, 3._'_
.. Lt . ' -» 5_92 > Q4:-. <}4;vI!' ':.
.- -_i_-_- . _.
ALL mroawmou com mum
HEREIN i8 UNCLASSWIED ~
Indian people against the enemy
despite the Blimps and it necessary
against them. _ -
0 ~ .
THE'action oi the British reac-
tionaries against India does not
change the character of the war,
although it does make victory morediilicult. ' v _ » '
_Only' an incurable purist, lacking
completely a sense oi reality, would
demand that the war be "entirely"
just and £ree"- of all contradictory
imperialist phenomena _beiore he
supports it. The war is not taking
place in a vacuum,-nor did the peo-
ples choose the conditions and the
relations under which the war oi
liberation is being fought. We could
think oi many ideal relations to re-
place existing ones which theoreti-
cally would make winning the war
as easy as driving up Fifth Ave.
But we have to win the war with
what is at hand and with those
additional favorable _ conditions
which -can be created by the peoples
with the help ot the firon necessi-
ties." ' - 92_
Another thing which Miss92Buck
does not grasp is that the failure
on the part oi Britain and 'th
United States to do what is re-
quired in the colonies to-win the
war creates new compulslons at
home. In Britain, for example, the
failure oi the Cabinet to grant In-
dia's demand for a National Gov-
ernment, agitates large and growing
sections oi labor and the people,
who themselves become a iorce
which cannot be ignored in the re-
iormulation oi national policy.
. I I
PEARL BUCKS speech reects a
, mood oi gloom and despair
-which is now setting in among cer-
tain sectors oi bourgeois liberalism.
This arises iundamentally irom
the gmiseonceptions and illusions
which we have discussedl But it
would be a serious oversight not to
realize that their despair and Danieobm¢ the is also being ted by the continu g 3
_ . . - .-1-..... ' .. 4' - ,. . r92~ - I-rr-I.,rI.
Q V 92Q t-¢Case oi PeaLBi__<_;_|_< Z
weaknesses, waverings am song"-
divtions pf A3810-American policy
and action in the war and at home.
To a certain degree Miss Buck's
Il>ee¢h may be taken as a sensitive
barometer oi sentiment among im-
" » .portant circles in the colonial world
and among midle class sectors in
our own country.
This merely indicates that it is
necasary for labor-and the people
to press much more boldly and en-
ergetically for the further strength-
ening and rapid implementing of
our United Nations policies. The
decisive thing is to hurry coalition
warfare against Hitler in Europe, to
strengthen the Anglo-Sov_iet-Amen
ican Alliance, to take iull advantage
ior the purpose oi a rapid and con-
clusive joint victory oi the his_-
toric achievements bx the Red Army.
The immediate response aroused
throughout the world by the Ai-
rican onensive, although somewhat
stied by the stench of Darlanism,
shows that offensive military actiof- I
is the best generator oi popular e ..=$."!. E91? ¢a1_ ¥*"?P*!°- tie // ~ '> .l;i"i:.__. v ' i?
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~. 92
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, 8imultaneo1m1y,itisnecessary!"~ bor and the people in their stru 1'_ le against America Firstlsm," d 1
F eatism and Munichisrn, to pr , F
constructively for a real ooaliti j
policy with China for the PacinoFront. The necessity tor the peo-Qple to speak out, in the interestsoi,
all the United Nations, on behalt oi 5
the demands oi the Indian people 1
isbynomeanslesstbanlastangust?
and _8eptember. And labor, espe-5
cially, has the iron necessity to_5
nght for the democratic ats or
the Negro people at home, while
seeking to develop closer ties oi
unity with the peoples oi Litin
America and the colonial world. ;Our friends, the liberals, andt
broader circles among the middle;
class masses can be rescued irom§
oods of panicky despair by .
eater self-assertion and se -I
tivity of labor on all questions L
e war. "
I
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ALL INFORMATION CDNTAINEQ.
HEREIN as uucmsssrnaoDATE.;Zz,Zz.z___BY - A
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92-
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'- "'3? James'< A1]>-wig en -n. 1 """_
T°.,.."§.I ° " °°"==P"~=~ e
ternational relations. which gives
Miss Buck her peculiar approach, 1
must also be added certain illusions
which prevail in the liberal mind.
InhertalktotheHobelPrimwinners, she found that the in: J;stopped being a war ior lreedoln i
six months ago. It was about that
time that the British Government
rejected the demands oi thelndianpeople and embarked upon its pres-'
ent campaign oi repression.
. It was also about thattime, and
partiyasaresultotthelndian* crisis. thht relations between China
and the Wmtern members oi the
United Nations had reachedf a
critical point. cmnn was deeply
dissatised with the failures oi -the
Allies to develop a coalition policy .
with her tor the Pacic Pront and0
tor her own tront against Japan. e' was Buck believes that 1%.;Since _
wasawariorfreedomuptosix
heropinion itstoppedbein8l_Vl-3'tor ireedom when the Indian de-
gmandswerereiectedandchinawas
not given her rightiul place oi fullequality in the wuncils oi the
United Natins.By these actions, or lack oi ac-tion, the United States and Britain.in the opinion oi Miss Buck, hadreduced the war to "merely" a mili-' tel! strussle against the Axis. The_.Western Powers presumably had. permitted their prejudices to place' them in the same political camp as_ Hitler. This was a condition Vhieh'_ Miss Buck pictured back_in Febru-
parywhenshewroter t we plan topersist as weare-then we are ghting on the wronsaide in this war. We belong withHitler." American Unity and Asia-
p. $3,!* '92ia179295 i er__ gw
59FEB""I'9i94'3'"lis" comp _ -
lithe war were nomore.
aun"aetruaa1e3.o¢l-._reon.neax1s.
"national liberation. -rm-_tna_c is an
to send her sulcient war supplies -
= months ago. it is apparent that in __ _ I . 2 . " . ;_, .
II-ll-Ilwarisiiz-stan4toremost_a_war oi national survival,-~aatruagle onthe part of the UnitedLllations tolaave tteemaelveo tramQrbjngation at th 1 Etler
ans we is.
an}! the."ll!tll'-x soviet ~.oi, om -
vation; e-#1398 togin as cesium and socialist ;
Awhlehinakespoasihiethekiss...@iizatIn_n!_an alliance anion!'*live:'sd nations tor the detest ct-
tbeii-eommon enemy. ,
it would still in a peopwsewar oi,
aim worthy enoil8"l§5_and '!ias_i'c:enough to enlist the endeavors .0!_'allq>eoples ghting to'deiend them-selves against the threat oi fascisterislavement or lighting to liberatethemselves trom the Axisyoke. .
But the necessity id? e_n8-8° in the... - _ »
war until the nal defeat or Hitler
a1!dtheA1i-awhichistheaigrgled
pledge or all the United main.
also brints with it other necessities.
The war tor national survival ca-
ates what Earl Browtier has termed
its own iron necessities. Amen:
these is the need roriull coopera-
tionwith the Soviet Union; whilh
lshts couraseensiyand relentlessly
on the decisive front oi the global
I11. r ' ' .
Another isithe necessity or "fun
cooperation with the peoples oi the
subiugated countries oi Europe in
their ght against the Hitler
Still another is -the military
necessity tor victory in the Pacicoi assurinz the partnership e1 the"
Indian people in the deiense oi L. v
theireounts-yagainst;ggression.'
And -the requirements or thePacic Front make it a mug
neoeinty to aeveiov an equal
nephip with China. who holds the
main mot against Japan, in'i'ulL3pcaleooalitionwariare. 92-_-_=~~ _._a¢--an-92a..'.--u ' ' _-1:. ;:5§e.;_l;¢Qv ;;.,-._,_n-:;_;;:A~_ . _ $3~ 92QQ'»L. Jk . 41¢
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V qua! are iron necessities be-
--cause without doing the things
i .ene'nnuone1 esistenoe oi both_
1 $1-ltain and thellnitedintatesare5 mciansered. . I-"*-
~j Andthemaingigniiieeheeoftheifsowuc the Anglo-soviet_-n-eats. the American-Soviet under.gtandina. the Bino-American Lend-
clea-se Pretty. the analo-ainerujan
icommitment to abrogate .11 ppeeiai
Jvuezm in chins. is um these
ldocuments are an omem "gag.
nition on the pa:-tor zngigng mathe United States on some ofthege
war neeenitlee and oi the need to
evmie and strsnsth their col
' "Also after the war.92 ' at '- daboration with .t1;'7viet Union-1" i
_'_ But masnnea '_gts__fmm the
edllusionthattherecognition otan
iron necessity" is equivalent to its
realization. and therefore becomes
easily "disillusioned" when the
demands O! the people gm
3° immeiltely granted. liven
. more, it is suicient cause for dis-
' illuaionment" ii the necasitiee of
_ .the war in terms or nuonn iree-
edomarenotiullyproclaimedina
formal document as "war -aims."
i According to this approach. the
Atlantic Charter has no meaning
because it is not beinl implemented
extensively now, and jgrgumnbly
the war has no meanina as a"war
tcir treedom because there is no
V greater world-wide charter oi tree-
This is a ppirg from »
"page of the
Daily Worker for
I /1
2-/'>~§12. _* o
ipped tat the Seat J_ 3.:/.51! -K ,..~. I.
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By _ .
PEARL S. BUCK
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I . POST WAR WORLD COUNCIL
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@F the two articles which comprise thispamphlet, the first was written in March,
1942, and the second in November, 1941,
just before the United States entered the
war. Since these articles were first pub
lished together by the Post War World
Council in April, 1942, events have moved
with lightning swiftness. Nothing has oc-
curred, however, to change the validityof the basic theses which Miss Buck pre-
sents; indeed, much that she has written, ~£71 . , 92
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has'receiVeTd'new confirmation. It is with
some pride, therefore, that the Post War
World Council issues this, the fourth
printing of "Freedom for All."
f -- ,- 5: -H-;;T~1j ' December, I942
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._,:__-:_ ,.~ -*=.. .__ _';._'_;ji:a-";_$_ £;___idTINDER roa TOMORROW
By PEARL s. BUCK
THE Japanese weapon of racial propaganda in Asia isbeginning to show signs of effectiveness. This is not becauseof peculiar skill in the way it is being used, but because it
is being presented to persons who have had unfortunateexperiences with English and American people. '
Race prejudice continues unabated among white peopletoday, the Japanese are saying. Tokyo radio programs dailysend their broadcasts over Asia in their campaign to driveout the white man. They dwell upon hite ex loitation ofcolored troops and cite_ ' &
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" ' " - -*- -e--~ --'--.».--'~ ~_-I.-.-.... ..mistreatment 0
1'¬'fE1fC9TnWmil'i'faryand' sirnigtreatmeht of Indian troops by
the English. Germany is helping Japan J to stir up racehatred in Malaya, India and the Philippines by insisting thatthe interests of Asia lie with Japan and not with England
and the United States. The colored peoples," Japanesepropaganda says over and over again in a thousand forms, have no hope of justice and equality from the white peoplesbecause of their unalterable race prejudice against us." .
Human Stupidity
It will be better for us if we acknowledge the danger inthis Japanese propaganda. The truth is that the white man
in the Far East has too often behaved without wisdom or
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justice to his fellow man; It is worse"than 7Afolly--itwfis
dangerous t0daynot to recognize the truth, for'in "it lies
the tinder for tomorrow} Who of us can doubtit who has
seen a white policeman beat a Chinese coolie in Shanghai, a
white sailor kick a Japanese in Kobe, an English captain lash
out with his whip at an Indian venderwho of us, having
seen such oriental sights or heard the common contemptpous
talk of the white man in any colored country, can _f,3i;get_Y.
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jiesfearfgul bitter hatred in the colored face
the dark eyes? Who of us can be so stupid
ii future written there? Thé*mcs§¢1'dang¢rausas not to see_ the
Te coildfdespise ailfing if his skin were dark. W Yet, if this
'mitEl to the mean, how easily it might" be
cured! But among us even some who are able, even some
who are good, are sometimes so blind.
The eect therefore of this Japanese propaganda cannot
be lightly dismissed. It lies uneasy in the minds and
memories of many at this moment who areloyally allied
with Britain and the United States, in the minds and
memories of colored peoples of Asia. Yes, and it lies
uneasy, too, in the minds and memories of many colored
citizens of the United States who cannot deny the charge
and must remain loyal in spite of it. For such minds realize
that, though Nazism may give them nothing but death, yet
the United States and Britain have given them too little for
life 'ini the past ad"not éveri'piomiées for the future? "Our
colored allies proceed to war against the Axis not deceived
or in ignorance. They know that it may not be the end of
4'51*"In'§t1i;éidi¬Y.FI has been that of the wte race in the_baseless prejudicethroughjwhich evenThe meanest of white geamres.=-Y1.agcllhe bla:.e_in _
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r r the war for them enswhen» Hitler has gone down and _ _ L.-... _ .Nazism is crushed nd Japan returned to her isles again. , " _;2 The colored peoples now that_for'th'a'rn the war for freedom-r~"==- ~ ~...~.;t%"
may have to go 0 against the very white men at whose
side they are n092 fighting.vs-Q_.____ Is common se se, if for no other reason, the white' peoples ought no ' to realize the truth, t0o "
not be ended fo hem either, _w_h_en___I}Iaz_ism fal s. They__v_
.5. ace t e qu stion: will their colored allies _theii _become Efren enemies? at they maymbe very terr$le"enemies is -
The colored peoples fight with reservationsin this present war against the Axis and if the white peoplesfight with no reservations, the colored ipeoples will have theI
greater residue of strength. There ,1 may be no _interval HQetween this vlar and the_ next u_n_l_ess we gfv e",5£¢'<>£ nZ>w ¢f
our SiC6T1ty.
End of Imperialism
We must realize, we citizens of the United States, and
this whether Britain realizes it or not, that a world based on
former principles of empire and imperial behavior is nowimpossible. It cannot exist. We must make clear our
determination for real democracy for all peoples with mutualE responsibility demanded of all to fulfill its conditions. Nor
can we postpone such decision for democracy by saying,
Let's win this war first. We cannot even win this warwithout convincing our colore3 allies:lv7Ho are most oFT51T1" =
a-lliesth§t we ale not figlitig"f' f ourselvesg_§_q>lored eoplésf The deg; patience of colored'p§>ple i t an end. %rer!y92w/Here amongwtzm there is YB?
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same resolve for freedom and e ual that white America
' and British have, but it is a g mer resolve, for it includ_ the determination to be rid of white rule and exploitation _1 and white race prejudhie, and n wealfen thi is .
7 92-We can El? course utilize the orce of this will if we have
the wisdom. Nothing would nerve our colored allies
abroad to put forth their whole 'ort now as the conviction
; that white leaders mean what ey say about democracy. _;_ There is hope even in India that England would mean what j .e3$$£§&&a3£$wm@u¢¢5§ NV H__,
-"L!:*§¥%'¬=.*i£:+!H':?#~*:#~m>.§¬v1»-92-;==';-'-='.*-1'} . -." 1' _._ 1.-?'3'* '¢'i"*. ,.- .. - . _ .. .. _.. .II5'.-in-'-.,..'...-'.-.-'.'a..'. .-' .- ;_'~. -s-.~». _-.-..'~_ . ._she said if she could be got to sa it. There are few simple
-' things in this world, but at the m ment the simplest, if one
is at all familiar with mass ' g among the peoples of
Asia, is that our allies there will ht with all their strength
for real democracy. But if they ar not soon convinced, and ,»
by unmistakable means, of the since e democratic determina' ,
tion of the English and Americans, if they fear that they ' +"'must be reduced one to htin or th ' ere
will be many oug t u men and women who will declare ,
openly what they are now thinking and saying secretly, ' 1,
" Wl it not be better for us to come to terms, not with "
Hitler, who is after all a white man of the most arrogant
type, but with Japan, and utilize the military and modern
resources of that country to free us from white rule?"
Majesty]usticePeace
It takes no great practical sense for any colored people to
see that even if Japan took the position over them ofconqueror it would be easier to get rid of one victor than of '
several. There could have been nothing reassuring orcomforting to our Asiastic allies in the closing words of I
64.
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Churchills rst speech in Washington, "The British" andAmerican peoples will for their own safety and the good ofall walk together side by side in majesty, justice and peace."An England, a United States, "walking together in majesty,"can only mean to the colored peoples a formidable whiteimperialism more dangerous to them than anything even a
victorious Japan can threaten.
The advocates of an American Union Now with the white,English'speaking portions of the British Empire, with suchother peoples as may be found ready and able to unite,"are heading us straight into the gravest war we can yetimagine. What can China, the oldest and most pragmaticof democracies, think of a white, Englislvspeaking Unionwhich excludes her at the very start? We may as wellpresent japan with battleships and bombers as to go on witha union which denies democracy in this fashion. Only._/92tlanti'c'minded persons can fail to see that in so limited a
union we should already be sowing the seeds of the nextwar. It does not do to be only Atlantiominded at thismoment.
The United States and England are at a very critical
moment in this war. Our allies, India, China, the Philippinesand Malaya, are waiting for us, whether they tell us sopublicly or not, to make clear the stand of the white peoplestoward them. Are we all'out for democracy, for totaljustice, for total peace based on human equality, or are theblessings of democracy to be limited to white people only?The answer must be made clearly and quickly. To evadethe question, to delay the answer, is to reply in the negative.And the United States must now take the lead. -
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Cannot Trust English Leadership _For we cannot now trust to English minds, however weadmire them, nor to English leadership, however strong.We must think and act for ourselves. If our allies cannotbe assured, America may find herself deserted in the Pacificwhen she supremely needs allies there. It is only naiuralthat England should think first and most of Hitler, thewolf at the door. It is to be expected that English minds cannot take seriously enough the full threat of Japan also tous. Why should they when Americans themselves havenot taken japan seriously enough and do not now take anyAsiatic people seriously enough? Pearl Harbor and Manilaare today awful witnesses of our ignorance. There will beother witnesses as stern before we are done with this war.If England cannot understand fully our danger in the Pacific,let us not ourselves be misled. We Americans face theOrient as well as Europe, and we face it not as the ruler ofa great subject people held under military power. We facean Asia in which we have no long»established power. It istoo dangerous for us to accept any estimate of the Pacificexcept our own. We must for our own sakes give our alliesin the Far East confidence in our leadership toward full
democracy.But can the United States provide such leadership? Thisalso the Far Eastern allies are asking. Japan is busily declar'ing in the Philippines, in China, in India, Malaya and evenRussia that there is no basis for hope that colored peoplescan expect any justice from the people who rule in theUnited States, namely the white people. For specific proofthe japanese point to our treatment of our own colored
8
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lynching, every race riot, gives ' y to Japan. The discrimie _ l
nations of the American arm_y nd navy__g._n_d § , __ , _ _ _>':1gainsTt c6'lorecF soiiers ai sail s the exclusion of colored . _ __ _ _~_" '" * " rfblor--1n"~our~Tl'¬fense~ in¬fust~rics~-ar-;§ia<;le-_§gi_q@l»>aT1¢_0ur;ZiI.;;LI.i'l_;T
f ' socialdiscriminations,'are; of the greatestaid_today_A_tQ_aour; - e -_»_
enemy in Asia, Japan. "Look at America, Japan is saying MTTJ:
to millions of listening ears. 92Vill white Americans give
you equality?" . _ _
Who can reply with a clear affirmative? The persistent
refusal of Americans to see the connection between the
colored American and the colored peoples abroad, the con-
~ tinued, and it seems even willful, ignorance which will notinvestigate the connection, are agony to those loyal and
anxious Americans who know all too well the dangerous
possibilities. - . . a___4
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> The Peoples of Asia Wait _
' Today the peoples of Asia are still waiting, still watchful.
But they are lending an ear to what Japan is saying because
they know there is truth in it. For once Japanese propaganda
is more than propaganda and they know it. Lies can be
laughed off but truth is a sober thing. Who can blame our p
colored allies if they have reservations toward us, if they
doubt our democratic intentions toward them? Our igno'
rance of how they feel is dangerous as the ignorance of
England is dangerous, as the ignorance of France was dan-
gerous even to destruction. But ours is a peculiar danger,
for one tenth of our own nation is colored. Our relation -
9
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___________ i - ;.. -. .,_ ,to the colored peoples and democracy does not even lie sofar oif as Africa or India. It is just outside our doors, it isinside i lour;ihomes-i L i_I1_92.j¢_; ;¬l§FP;¢§ _"l°Yalti¢$ .F.Q§l§Y, E??? _ - ilgi* ~-=~---_= 7---..-»=_
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W -,_!1?Fi3?T?5l-But even if AmEricaris'realize'bur" danger-, our iesponsibiHty,_.~our peculiar position, can we produce the necessary leadership V _4 '-for democracy? What is this division between our belief indemocracy for all and our practice of democracy only forsome? It is not hypocrisy. We Americans are not hypocritical except in small, amusing ways. Talk to any dirtAmerican and he honestly believes in equality and justiceand in giving everybody democratic rights. But mention tohim the colored man and you will not believe.your_ow_r_i__ears. This cannot be the same man talking, you will say.No, the colored man cannot-have-the-same treatm§!!§_?!_5__,_Fl1¢_white man, it seems. Why? you inquire. The whiteAmerican scratches his head. Well, it just dont work thatway, he says, and thereby gives huge comfort to our present
enemies thejapanese.
Split PersonalityWhat is the matter with this American? It is clearenough. He suffers from what is called in psychology asplit personality. He is two distinct Americans. One ofhim is a benevolent, libertydoving, just man; The other oneof him is a creature who may or may not be benevolent butwho is certainly undemocratic in his race attitudes, and who,on this subject, throws justice and human equality to the
winds as completely as any Fascist.~_'.
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Igrated being t for democratic l dership in the world today?If the two personalities were,to b found always in separateindividuals it would be simple en gh-we could go to themat for the one we want. We ould eve have ' 'war again. But the reason why the other civil war we hadnever rea y gave the colored man freedom and democracyis still the reason why we do not give them to him today.The split personality which is America is found not inseparate individuals but in most of the individuals of our
nation. We are divided in our individual structure.
This division in personality is desperately serious at thismoment when millions of people in the world are lookingfor leadership in democracy from us. If we cannot assembleourselves and provide it, leadership will be found elsewhere.Japan may supply it or Russia may supply itRussia isjustly proud of her freedom from race prejudices. But letAmericans be sure of this-unless we can declare ourselveswholly for total democracy now, we shall lose our chance tomake the world what we want it to be, we shall lose evenour place in the world, whatever our military victories are.For most of the people in the world today are colored.
Golden Age of Democracy
How can we integrate ourselves for democracy? Therst step toward unifying a split personality is to realize thatthere is the split. The next step is to reject the undesiredself. We must be willing to see that our inner division hasthe gravest relation now to outer events, to the success ofthis war for _us, to world events which will shape an entirely
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depends on whether we choose democracy now: ~----*~~
We know this better than we are willing to acknowledge. '
It must be sternly said that it is the white peoples who have
the deepest race prejudices. This is in itself a sign of irv
security and fear. And we do well to be afraid if we intend
to persist blindly in our prejudices. n If we plan to persist
~ as we are, then we are fighting on the wrong side in this
war. We belong with Hitler. For the white man can no
_ longer rule in this world unless he rules by totalitarian
military force. Democracy cannot so rule. Democracy if
_ it is to prevail at this solemn moment in human history can
. _ _ , do so only if it purges itself of that which denies democracy, '
if it dares to act as it believes. -- ._ _. -_. ._ _,,. _ _-y . _ - --.-.';--r=--~-- ~ - ;_v ~ .' _._:____";'_~';,§__~ '»,;_~,', -5, "5; _,.,,,.* _<,~92 ._92_,,,. -!;;-,, ___-__|,;>._;.1 &¢&»4$~v'|Kh~92<a¢ ¢92-1-bk->>~
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Reprinted lrom ASIA MAGAZINE, March 1942!
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DEMOCRACY AND THE NEGRO __ R
, By PEARL s. BUCK
@HE editorial in THE NEW YORK TIMES of Nov. 12,
"The Other Side of Harlem," denies the basic cause for the
situation in our country of which the new manifestation of
crime in Harlem is only a symptom slight enough for what
it signifies. Nor are the constructive measures proposed
sufficient. It would be impossible" for any accumulation of
social welfare work to solve the situation which produces
crime in Harlem. We all know that merely to make arrests
and impose jail sentences can be nothing but an emergency
measure and one which promises no fundamental improve»
ment for the future. But equally palliative are the efforts
of welfare workers on the basis upon which they are now
organized. .
The reason why colored Americans are compelled to live
in ghettos, where they are helpless against high rents and
miserable housing, is the segregation to which race prejudic
compels them. Race prejudice compels colored people to
take what work they can get because there are so many
jobs Negroes cannot et. Race prejudice makes and keeps use some labor unions will not admit
colored labor on the§aine Basis as 927lEte labor. iI¬5¢¢ preju»dice and r a
people in greater an esser Harlems Aal1_mze.t_our-country.
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-, ;.;;_4co viction is gradually becoming sett ed in e nun ocolored Americ s all over o7:ountry They are comingto see t at Yvhat they have been taugl and have believedis not truenamely, that if colored people can be patientand good and show themselves obedient and humble they
will inevitably prove themselves worthy citizens and willtherefore receive the rewards of full citizenship. They_ arebeginning to believe, and this in very large numbers, thatindividual or even collective worth as human beings gainsth as th . ey are Negroes The hopefulnessnatural to their race is now c ' es air. Coloredleaders are saying today that no amount of ac 1 vement will' ' h l d l h I d tha gain anything for t e co ore peope as a w oe, an t,
moreover, they no longer believe the people of the UnitedStates will ght for democracy. Americans may ght to liveand do as they like, they say, but not for democracy.
This conviction of some colored leaders and many morecolored people is rapidly permeating the whole twelve millions. When hope is taken away from a people moraldegeneration follows swiftly after. Young colored men andB" d Zl927iT'l["u' lT6 'e' for 'u'stice or securi in w men to ay are p p 1 tytheir own country. When this hopelessness reaches down
to certain strata in any society, outbreaks of crime are in-evitable. We must expect it in many places besides Harlem.It has already occurred in other cities.
The swiftness with which this long-gathering despair hascome tow a present head is due, perhaps, more than to any
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s a result of the effects of race prejudice a very serious0 1 . . . . I .. th . ds f
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other immediate cause, to the refusal of the majority of
defense industries to employ colo_re_d__l_ab_Qr___gn_ anything _lik§:
an -equal - basis --with-whitelabo'r.~T-0-the~col0red American
this is nal proof of the hopelessness of_his plight, that even_=at* - >%2
in thedefense of his country he is not allowed his share
of work. '
Segregation Curbs Patriotism _ *
And yet it may be a mistake to say that this denial of the
chance at jobs is more to blame than the resolute segregation
i{|t_he Army or the practical lim'itat1on in the Naggn ;I'he
colored Amencah, miis to an education in democracy,
now really wants to see his country a democracy. When he
defends the United States of America he does not want-to
do so segregated and limited. This contradicts his idea of
a democracy. He has grown up a good deal since the World
War. And he has not forgotten that war. He is willing to
ght and die again, but not for something he does not
possess anyway.
The white American is conscious of this feeling now seeth'
ing and mounting in the hearts of his colored countrymen.
But the white American sedulously avoids acknowledging or
indeed even facing it. With the same curious blindness
which none of us could understand in France, we white
Americans avoid the reality in our own country. We do
not want to discover the real truth about the colored
American, which is that our race prejudice denies him
democracy: -We refuse to face it because we do not want
to change the status of the colored person. We wish to
keep him the servant of the white man.
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_ Hypocrisy Seen ~ _I am, I think, realistic and objective on this matter ofrace, having lived___rl1_ost__Qf> my life atnoQg_colored peoples; .My @m".~m"z-astgyt is entirely Southern, and I am very familiar _92§/ith theiproblems of92vhite an-Tcolored in the South. I donot, however, believe their solution is to be found in whatthe average white Southerner says, inthefamiliar,patter,l-thatthe Negro isea -childishcreaturefdelightful enoughin hisplace, who only wants to be taken care of and fed andsheltered and treated kindly. That the Negro in the Southoften glibly falls in with such assertions means nothing; thatNegro is afraid of his white master and says what the whiteman wants him to say. The same Negro quickly expresseshimself in totally different terms as soon as he changes hislocale and is relieved of his fear.
But be that as it may, the real point is that our democracydoes not allow for the present division between a white rulerrace and :1 subject colored race, and we ought to make upour minds as to what we want and then move to accomplishit. If the United States is to include subject and rulerpeoples, then let us be honest about it and change the Con-stitution and make it plain that Negroes cannot share theprivileges of the white people. True, we would then betotalitarian rather than democratic; but if that is w_1§{h_at_wewant, let, u_s____say_.so and -let us tell the N¢g'£6"§6T Then theWhite Americans will be relieved of the necessity of hypocrrisy and the colored people will know where they are. Theymay even settle down into a docile subject race, so long aswe are able to keep the weapons of rebellion from them.and these include education.
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As an American I should deplore any such thing, and yetthe world needs this sort of clarification. Democracy nowsuffers from vagueness because of the lack of relationbetween principle and action. With all the evils thatHitlerism has, at least it has one virtue, that it makes nopretense of loving its fellow»man and of wanting all peopleto be free and equal. Everybody knows where Nazismstands and what to expect of it. Cruel as it is, and danger-ous as it is to civilization, it is less cruel, and it ma! beeven" less dangerous in the end, than the sort of democracywhich is not rcal enough or strong enough to practice whatit preaches. To destroy hope utterly is kinder than to allowit without intending to let it be fulfilled.
Patience Waning
The importance of facing-, the situation between whiteand colored people in our own country is twofoldit is __roc§ that our own of democracy may godown first, and uporl this roE|E, too, that all if peoples; may92div1deinto"'the ultimate eFmitT"_I:verywhere in the WEIR- c0l0'1'ed~peoples are askingluglther if they must foreverendure the arrogant ruling white race. They feel they havebeen very long patient, but they cannot be patient foreverand they will not. In India such men as Nehru, now againin jail at the hands of white men fighting for democracy inEurope; in our own country colored Americans, as intelligent,and well educated as Nehru, barred by their color alone froman equal chance with white Americans to earn their livingor to defend dem0cracythere is a deep, subtle, dangerousrelationship between them. We are foolish if we do notrealize it. '
17
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For in many educated colored Americans hopelessness
results not in simple crime but in a rejection of patriotism.
There are those, and some of them leaders, who favor Japan
in the present crisis, seeing in Japan the future leader of all
colored peoples in the world. There are those who prefer
Hitler to British imperialism; feeling that if English rule
over colored races can be destroyed, then Hitler can be
dealt with afterward as the less established evil. At home
and abroad the white race has the choice to makewhether
it will follow the totalitarian principle of ruler and subject
races, even to the inevitable end of rebellion and the worst
of wars, or whether peoples of all colors will decide to workout ways of living in mutual halrmony and freedom. .
Crisis Near At Hand
1Such is the situation between clgored and white peoples at
this moment. It is idle to say_tha the crisis is two steps o
and let gs attend rst to defense_and_§l_1g__present war. _Cris1s
$etwéen wlhte and colored is not two steps oEit is close,
inextricably mingled with this war, because the war against
Nazism carries race equality or inequality as one of its main
issues. It does no good that we ourselves keep the issue
hushed and hidden.and apart from the thinking of the mass
of the white people. The crisis approaches, whether white
peopleare willing to know it or not. It approaches in the
world, and with that inexorable march our own people are
keeping step. r
What then should we do if we are honest believers in
the democratic way of life? We must move swiftly and at
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once, and our President should not fear so to move, to do
away with the effects of race prejudice upon colored
Americans. Race prejudice cannot be taken out of "people
unfortunately by surgical operation, although it is an evil
and foreign growth. Children do not have it until they
catch it from older people. I have frequent proof of this.
the inost recent being through the 12'year»old son of an
American friend newly retumed from China.
This white child goes to public school in a New Jersey
town. When a class picnic was to be held it was found
that the place chosen excluded colored people. To his
deep indignation the boy found that his teachers, instead of
changing the place, accepted the exclusion and managed by
tactful ways" to see that no colored children came to the
picnic. The white boy was shocked to the soul at this
injustice in his own land to which he had long looked with
love and pride while he was growing up in China. His hurt
was personal, too, because his own best friend happened to
be a ne colored boy. I won't go if Henry can't go, was
his right decision.
Adolescents Little Prejudiced _
Nor do adolescents have race prejudice in anything like
the degree that older people have. Recently in Texas there
were a champion white football team and a champion colored
team at high schools in the same city. Of course their
managers and coaches would not schedule them to play
each other. But the white team went out one morning by
secret arrangement and played the colored team. They said
to their coach when they returned: "We just wanted to
19 _
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see __which of _us was better._' _.{92s_it happened, it was a tiegame, and though there is symbolismienouglfin that idealsending, the significance of the incident, and of plenty ofothers like it, is that the boys, colored and white, had no
prejudice "against each other.
Intelligent white people seldom suffer from race prejudiceso severely as ignorant ones, and there are many who wouldif they dared, acknowledge that they have none whatever.But too few dare. For wherever the disease of race prejudice
our nationls democracy. At least, our government can andshould see to it that all Americans shall have equal economicopportunity and that colored people in this democracy shallnot suffer insult because of their color. It can and should
insist that colored citizens shall share responsibility withwhite citizens for the welfare of the nation, and thus remove
the chief reason for the half-tolerant, wholly patronizingcontempt of the white for the colored and thereby build in
the colored citizen belief in himself. Democratic governmentmust keep apace of science and realize that there is no basisbeyond prejudice for the belief that one race is intrinsicallysuperior to another Continued injustice may make any one
inferior, temporarily regardless of his color
Con uer Race PrejudiceqI read with complete approval of every plan to better theconditions under which colored people must live and work
But until race prejudice is conquered and its effects removed,
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But if nothing can remove race pI'6]UdlC¬ from those inwhom it is ingrained, they should not be allowed to violate
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'52 . - ._____ _ _ .at there is but oneianswer. Are we to deny to 12,0 0,000the bitter fact remains that the colored American knows he '
will not get a better job for being better educated and better
housed or for having in his childhood more playgrounds.He will not be given an equal chance with the white
American of his class and ability. Race prejudice will still
deny democracy to him. '
Are we Americans to go on accepting the stupiditie of_ race prejudice? I know of the ofvrepeated wearisome def nse._ 8'1-gtermarriage is the fearful
4 /egtei everything On
_-;,,-.-.-;92_~'- V - - h d riv; es of our count and are
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we to risk our very democracy itself, by maintaining a
determined ruleresubject relationship between white andcolored, because some day a few white and colored indi-
viduals may choose to marry each other?
Is democracy right or is it wrong? If it is right, then let
us dare to make it true.
Perkasie, Pa., November 14, 1941.
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: 0 _v__ __v_ >______ .___I.___r ' _ .____I__want to_ join the Post War-World Counciland help win the" _ "W "peace. I believe there must be world co-operation to achieve" economic justice, to assure equality for all races and peoples andto end imperialism and all dictatorships. I will work with theCouncil for the earliest possible attainment of a just, lasting anddemocratic peace.H. . _-____;, .~--_»,'.- ;. .. ..__ 92 ,.;.; ._._._-,.a-.4 - - 92 N
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
, Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
_, City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...Q I enclose $ . . . . . . . . . ...for my yearly dues. Regular member-ship $.00. All members receive the Monthly News Service.Please send me also the following, for which I enclose $ . . . . . . ...Q "Democracy and Japanese Americans" by Norman ThomasQ "Freedom For AI!" by Pearl S. Buck
Q "Perspectives" by Stuart Chase l0c. achQ "Freedom for India Now Thl¢¬by Pearl S. Buck, Lin Yutang and others. for 25c.Q "World Federation by Norman fI:l:|OfI'!3.§______
Q "Dis-ann'a_meht'in 11»; Port "War World
_ U by Oswald Garrison Villa:-d_ _ _Q ."T/le Coming Generation in Europe" by James Wood Iohnson§a"'~..-;}_.».I'.'..'-_-¢...~.. ._».. ._;1;»
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Q "Brother Jim Crow" by James Rorty -NORMAN THOMAS, Chairman Executive Committee , -OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD, Treasurer .1MARY W. HILLYER, Executive Directorvmcmm WILLIAMS, A1-ting Dirertor ' - -
' . POST WAR WORLD COUNCIL I12 East 19th St.. N. Y. C. ' -_ - . . , -., :,- -,.-;~; V-.'»_-_~ .1,. =r'= ~"-. 5 >r- 2 _'- . .
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7 {earl 8. Back; &e American mu-m§, ie thevite e! i *_I.ichar1i j. Iaiak, preeideat e!._the john »Day4Pahiiel,| campy. Nev York ' City. She was born Pearl Sy<iehetriker'atHi11eboro, eet Yirgiiia, eajeae ll;~ a "um. cu graduated with ea as. ugm mm Ileadoiph-Macon venue; e - I CO1iege"ll_i_9l4. .!Are._lack aieo received aaat._A__. agree tram Yale in 1933,. ; a Doctor e! Literature degree from Ieat Virginia Uaiveraity in 1939. ead AL!-.0_ egtees from Howard University, Ia_a_hingtoa;'D_:. C.,_aa<i ti92_e _8t.A Lawrence xi..--Ulivcreityiltl94Z. I . ' » ' ;.'"
- -* » ~ ~ » . . , . . , . . -:"~' . - '" -_~ .1" -_ ;- . * 2 , n ~ - 1... - ~ - . _» _- . . . .~ . . .- - ' .:_ - _ y~ _ .. _ - _ . She married john Loaaing Buck on May 13, 1917} and has tie childrene Q jay-thie niarria3e,Caro1 and jagice. She later divorced Mr. eta-aa oajaae Ii,»1935, married Ric192ard]. Waleh. lhoitli alterlet riiairriage Mr. "Walrh, Ikeadopted Richard and john Stulting, Edgar Sydenatriker and jean Comfort.
" -- ~ .-Pearl 8. Buck wae employed ae Q teacher. at the University oi blanking* and Soatheaateraaiyeraity, llaatiag. between ma an 19:1. an aieo o' taaghi this period at Qbuag Yep; Uaivereity, linking, la recogni-; tion of her work ia theiitarary !ieid{!-Are; Back wee awarded the Pulitzer Prize ia 1932, the William Dean Howell meciai ii 1935, the Nobel Award inLiterature in 1938. mu he Seal preaidclt of the Salt-Vleet Aeaociatioa aiace- i941, ie a member of the American hetitute oi Arte and Letters, the Kappa Delta" '" Sorority, Phi Beta Kappa, and the Coamopoiitaa Ciab oi York City.;- , --- -_'.1;-', * ' ' ~' . ._ :
» = ' V mu, tum lorjeeaary a, 1931. eauaca-1 sum,i ~ a reported member ofe Party, ea her way tothe United Statesum; visited the a;-an amnion and any apon her arrival .1» wee attend _a baaqeet, partly iahor hdor and the eapportef democracy in tpeia.-"fhia article etated that Pearl.8._Iacl'wae to be among the epeakera. ,,,-.J1-;> a1_ae,e?eeeeraia|taeabeveaaaqaet.taenayYorker stated, ea January 12. H37: ' The occasion will bring together rnaay ofthe early travelers to the Soviet Government olltwo qieeadee ago." ' JI bog ~ALL. FORMATION comma. '
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.."? '.". a . ~ in '°1="¢$pu'¢ rum." mid ipy'f1i'.194s;§¢§oma an Paar! s. A V VBack,¢ha1rmalo!thaGaunnlttaaAgalutRa:la1Diac:hulaatlI!a!92lpa AmazlcanCivil Llbarao Uaha, an May ll, 1943, had aaaouncc a qathawlda mavanaat.ta ¢¢m»=¢a-¢¢=u»u-nu.-=¢u¢a. " " _l/L
" V Th Daily Ink: afjaa 24, lignatlaioi that Paar! i.'la'¢k, » ahainaal of the Cammittac Against Baa Dhcrlnilnaaa la the War Iiort Aof the ACLU bad aant a telegram M Pnaldant Ronnvalt calling for an FBIInvestigation cl the fwava of gob vhlaaca against Negroes and utter minority
' L ' '}"'-'n-at Ital-I051 Ina"?-uuuduissa, nu; n¢»1¢aam' puuuuamn 4 ' * 'A Th G094 lZa:92h'f awardc4 the Palltaar print! pabllahad la 1931 - All Ila: an 3r0th0ra'_' traaalatku 0! tho Chhaaa classic lhnl . pmmaugqss: -=-w--M-1 . ;. < 1 . L _. ~
. ~'5¢'l'hi.I==¢" .1-92'b1i¢92'."_l1"5' >j ._ ;.1__?r1;na;; A-pa" pbunnqu 19$;-L -_ 1,; " % . pam_ot'_',pbu_hndh_l9s6 _ §-" ' ~ TB Qlhnaa Iloval ,;a!I_.hhndh,1_9_ 9. _ » ' . ' '--" §Aa920rleanInky'h Aala yabltahlillll - What Ana:-lea Moan To Ma gahlhlnd in I943 " - Talk About Rania with Ilaaha Sent" pabllahad in 1945.
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