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Ma_lcoIm X and one 0! the a poktponement untiI.Mgr¢]-1 13; ' -'
slam Black Nationalist: hody- or ai hearing at charges of Xe-.3 -.2113!-'35 WEI! flit o£f_foday at lonldus assault and weapons; __ "lrhe Pquest 0 Che mu-1:: At- lawviolation against Reuben! - ~-
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f Judge Ruben granted 1 and Lsecretax-y, who is iccused " ' ' -1 '.45-hifur postponement 1'or_ |. at w.ouncIing TaJ_madgeHayer,[' " ' ' ' é
éhelfli I01 Norman 3X Butler, another oi the accused. assu-92 - ~ ~ "°h?"§§§ rim homicidl 1neon- sin:-._ .. - ' " '- -' "
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blu.I'.- nationalist leader. Were
lieu-1,11: $3,500 bail each yes-terday cg charges of 92'ioh-£1,115 {lee Sullivan weapon; le"@§._ 1;- In Bron; _c1-in-lira!" Court.Jamel .7. Comerford set? "1. slpeerlng lot next. Monday...The _tlnee mom, all Negroes.were -_u1-ested Monclny night. in.e.i1lpl.rtment oi 59? £3!-it 1641.11Bti-eej. the Bronx, where-police?said m unloaded sawed-oi! shot-f gunhiil been loom}. IIn.:p'ectot' Thorns: C. Remlg-__ in |:!928_1'gQ of _i.he.emu: Detective 1_!istrlct,_sald1um oi themen--1bhn,5'iX Gny..20 ye"'1- old;ié> "1:ve:m7'i&"U' ' 92
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emu Muslims of mum: Mu-_!humnld and became an bersl»
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;g-ste.=-hmes was described as a-_ clerk tor Hu-you-Act, tie; - government-sided social agenqr-5
__ ,"'- '-lcllrniltlnluzder P5 fe men have been chargéai.with' '1.bi murder oi Maleo 5am-mg-' 1 11117 Feb. 21. one.[No:-nil 1XButler. comes up tor,afeuinl in Criminll" Court st;1-00' Celatre Street today at the;n.n:e.un1e u Reuben Francis. ar
Francis}of lelonious assaultéoo I another- ting 0 ,
gpect, Thoma Hagan.- edge I-layer. .
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*1 muer¢'ybuSu:ton A a yester<!l' ' i a rear?1,! his apu-tgent at 311 Wesi._1}8t.h Street "on Monday nightneemed unrelated to his hiving;é megeesenteo Hllcoim as a tami-.
ii hgryer ea purely:_l1lf.l.ePl.l '-. . {_2 Polio Oleea I1-Ilne "
- A peace mee_Lin;[email protected] heId_'yesterday eiietnoon, at llgeytQlack Jllialimf office in 1:13 ,L-mot Avenue. next We!-I 117*-hi
» . .,'_ Q . 5 55$ ?. '»fé°*i§¬L »3.{?§$.§1' 1*eekiy, _Mu.§.t!92Tnld Speakség mia- re-sci. ,1 charge mu;pro I-geriein lgiosleml . Werefp"w92,n " uu ozrex-1 ' lI1'L!Bi.' jizus-1: 1zun4:m:1:1a. . __ The two men. Donald 9292ash- P=1;1|tan,- 1 !o_rmer boxer, ml O:-nu Ahme. a fen-ner soal-'qjgney gdvuer, whose pictures?*2. %::.:::="":..£;== :- :::2~ nu pu e on " .'ifnu" mar. ma been _se1J-1:6 bra}Igiuuio itirisprudence. ' itE Ewen: followers ere cun¢l'Ii- ;|" 'MOIQHE. 5° - 3 AvTue- Tneirdmgeicéril 'I92'. VQIIUQ ll-1 :Qt:-eet win wreélled by re oniggb. JOIQPII tilled if. I. re-if
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. Mrnkii: Arrest. thnn_tnh.
lowers cl the slum Malcolm X
u Sullivan law vio1nors---re-
port Mrs. Betty Shabm.
widow of Malcolm X. WI-5ILIL_-.
nb1g__m_J;;Qp much tn identify
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cL1.==;n_r, FROM
N. Y. HERALD TRIBUTE
It :8-r;?T;;iTs:.., -it:-» ;--_ 1 ?
EDIEIDE? I LATECITY f f j _
DATE _ __A]Z 31355 j f i 1
P.l.GE__i i 1-1-__ ?_
'5'iP-_'~.'¬.'=El'DFI BY NY DIJ'I3IO*.§
X
H01 FCJI-£'.i':1_§l?.JE FY NY DEVI. -IC§I , _
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u.rglars"R1_111Sack Office
Of MalcolmXs Lawyer
We're carrying lt as a
straight burglary." the detec-
tive in the 28th Precinct said
last night.
. Earlier in the evening the
apartment-olflce ol Percy E.
Sutton. Manhattan Democra-
tic Assemblyman and attorney
for the late Black Nationalist
leader Malcolm I. had been
Sound broken. into.
Files had been strewn
around the room. deslr drawersscattered about. Papers had
been thrown on the oor.
"If there's any implicationthere we don't know about ityet." the detective said. The im'pllcat'1on" to be drawn
was that the burglary was
related ln some way to the
assassination o! Malcolm Xon Feb. 21 as he was ad-
dressing 400 of his tollowers
in the Audubon Ballroom in
Harlem.Mr. Sutton. notied of the
hurglary by phone in his of-
hee ln Albany. was reported
en route hack to the cit! last
night.Mr. Sutton had gone to
Albany early yesterday ac-"
eompanled by Henry Gordon.
an assistant who shares the
apartment-office.Another tenant in thelau.tl.dine..at 311 W. 113th-61.-.-"r¬llresents1lllalcolfma a-idoar:-"-"said he had heaird nolses
shortly before 1:30 last eve-
ning and called police. When
they arrived they found thata transom over the apart-lment's hall entranci had been iremoved and the urglar or
burglars had aD]J8'rentI}' en-tered that was. The police
tot in the same "way so as
not to disturb possible nger-
prints. They calledlanother of
Mr. Sutton: assistants. Rose
Oailvie. iMr. Ozilvie was. unable in
say last night what. if any-
thing. had been taken from
Mr. Sutwrfs office.
Mr. Sui-ton be-came ldentl-
iled with Malcolm X in mid-l9B2, when as president of the '
city chapter of the NationalAssociation Ior tn; Advance- 'of Colored People I e attended
a Black Muslim rally in Har-
lem Square and sat alongside
Malcolm as the ithen Black
Muslim leader a.ss'alled white
vultures," "blue-eyed guilty
ones" and a "white gorilla"
namec. "Uncle Sarfn.
He represented M/alcolmlastYear when Black Muslim
Mosque No. I werlt to court to
evict its ormer -leader from
hie Elmhurst borne. He now
gr ..; es.-.-._ ...-..-'.<:e>-.s'f}T_#1,,-- _- _-.-.-...e..._.-., . . at I =--
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Atlé IIJFJRMATION cotumutuat st. as - _out = e i s.
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L . -3*?.4&for Malcolm's Widoi'W' _ Mrs. Sidney Poitler told the New York Post way thatrore than $1,000 has been collected for the widow of A Iaicolm X.The actor's wife, who ls the treasurer 0! a group known as Concerned Mothers, P.0. Box 1024, Chu.l'ch St. Station,! New .York, sald most ol the contributions are small-one, two, !threeand ve dollars. The largest single amount, she so-id ls-$100. The main concern," Mrs. Poitier said, is the purchsfnse of1. house. We would probably have to boy it outright slnée she_
has I10 credit.. Q The widow, am. Betty Little Shnbnzz. who is expfectlng -her lth chllil, ls currently tlvlng with her chlldren at the homein! friends on Long Island. -
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ALL mm E IHEREIN RWY,-0*! CONTAINEDl * 2?-~'5>lt""ED ,
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The sad death of Malcolm X
is a consequence of not justan internal conict among the
smailet minority within the Ne-gro minority but also oi a largerconflict between such an im-
aginative, able and ambitiousyoung leader {not withstandinghis <:0ntro92'e1'5ia1 militancyi and
tlie whole society, too preoc-cupied with its comformisls to
channel the creativity oi its
own outcasts.One 0! the untortttnate out-comes ot Malcolm's death might
be that the civil rights move-ment will lack a constantly chal-
lenging. coumer-eh-eel-ting. ami-lokenislic and anti-backlash ele-
hiem, much more needed now
than ever before. ,1
AS!-lAKA_921I_ NIMBARK.
C 0 lit/_1J¢7<
ALL INFORMATION -~ tij!§RE|fi| g:=:$ueE|?}§l!MNEDCLIFPIEE FROI;. ' "1 e .
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_""' "~ -' 1. .-_..-Widow of Malcolm X Spealts
i With Police About His Slaying:
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y PETER 1-H1135 iMrs. Betty Shabazz. witlow;had been askort to appeal to oi Malcolm X. met yesterday their t'nngre,'::92ti0IlS for support.with detectives investigalingi Alli-iou_;ii M.'Icolm professedthe militant black national-_tl1e Muslim fllll, Mr. Cary said.ist leader. The meeting was atthe Protestant leaders o[{ort''an unannounced place at-.-;ty:9292.'t.= justified b92' his "ernp!m!=l5from any polire oftive. act-0:-rt-_rn what con.<ti,ltntes n1.-mht>od."!ing tn hvrla9292'!'cr.Olt92-er Stttten._tnclttcling the importance of"She Wtll cooperate fulty in self-defense by'192'cgrov.=, a prideigit-in; any inyormaiim ;=h¢.in their racial l1crita;:e and re-,'ha.<." Mr. Sutton said before tl1e'5P<!92FW-1555' 5°! 5°1"-*3'92-ll?-" ljrnceting. "It Is my understand-f AS.<crnhl_92'!I1Hl1 Sutton. a Prat-mg that sh; ti-as not hcr_=c[f{C.=U92llH}'1|1ah,11'l-Old ycstertlay.-1dgcply involved in his Il"tD92'Q~| 92l. he had represented Malment. but was a typical Nuslim,t0lm and his family only l-housewife without i;rcat_Pl'it't0 aff:tirs- and never rep-l;_.m.m. _m..;S O; ho, t1usb1nd.= at--resented his '0r;ani':.atir>n oi"tit-itv Hon-e92'e1', she is anxi0u=iAT'"°'A1 °""'-"ll -11llI92'- 'tint" the true .1.=;=n.=.=in or her: TM P°"¢<= Oifisvro in rlwss:hi|hand be known." Q"! ""1 l""P-==lF"192" of Mol-E Three fund-raising efforts are ¢~'1!m'5 -=l"i'i"1? ll '31- 192i=-=i-=ia==i._;-t ; an me:1rtwntle for the Chief Inspector Joseph L. Co}-le"t92I.1d wt' and her {our rlmtghtcrs. and I1"lF~[JCCl.I" Thrinins Rena-11,-92ssr:1-.hl_vt1ian Percy Sui-on. a ghan. questioi-led three n.en.:Harlem pemocrat and Oliver last nicht at the Bathe.-tie Ave-.Sutton.-1 brother. said a. 11al- nue station hotlse in the BromegI601"! X Family Fllfld 115"! 13¢"! Detectives seized the thrrzc inlset up at the Freedom 1%-l<1YtPt'~.a basement ittpartntent at 59?iBaak. 2'-'1 West 125th Street-Enast is-mi Street 92921l0t'e .-inH0 called it it long-range Cfforlfcmpry 12.g;,_~uge dOub]e_b8 -51¢;F7-0 5"lP°l'l- J19 5311! ? mu l-lwshntgfun was found. 5Chlldlc" l"~ '° "F °d m? ."l After being questioned for'3'", a d_t° P'T 'm° Fm "u_nearly four hours, the threeortnodmtlslanne teaching. . b 1 d _ 1. td. . ,2] _ _ ere note can o.t_92 ai A C°m; ;i°;F °f charged with violation of the= others a en 1 Y ,1 n Ia Mrs. Sidney Poitier. Rub!" Der-.i '§hr'° 5 _ ' 1 . . .;1 Z
iau o =*:92' rm: I: . . -' "" . I: '.ihereat Box 1021, Chu_rcl_1 Street-$35 121? nllriéflkqgillgagtlg-§,:¥f§:gR?,§..?;l§5'vP%3"er5 homcistreetl anrl John -'17" Grey -"9 - _. 1 . . . ' _ ' ' ' ".Assemblyman Sutton said thew 23'3°:'92m92 iA°= 1~ The SW2'1-inmcdiéue Tllmgwai [0 buy ailtlr? ilr}l>n¢orTi§I1:§r%lfl§éq1i11 E 1 e or l. e nmiy. _ - ' i I5-_1 Qarlcm Protestant ltader's'lim5 and that Mr. Grey hathJwtve sponsored an Bdcatlnnnltbcn a closeassoe1a1F.' of Mal-,;Eund for the Children oi Mal-rolm. s Iicolrn X. Its account is llm at Police here and in Chicagoit-he Freedom National B:92nk.,c-ontlnued giiarrling headquar-frhe Rev. W. St0|.'1in;,' Cary, oiitcrs of both Maleolt-n's nim-1.--1Grace Congregational Church,;ment and Elijah Mumimm.-_nssaid that the 250 memberNatlon of Islan-1.the Black Mus-.i}l92ut-chea__1n the HlI'l9I'tt-UpPOI"lin1a tron: whom Malcolm bl'O1'K lnllltun Church Assoctationlefl 1 year ago. ..._ __'-F .r*92 -- ..
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'1'UE§DA§f,__l§IAI_t ;L-If 2,4 toss. 1 " 7 __
-s;i Widow of _Malcolm X Speaks
l With Police About His Slaying
ll " By rm-1:1: muse " Mrs. Betty Shabazz, widow-v;had been asked to appeal to_§-of Malcolm X. met yesterdayitheir congregations for support.ilwlth detectlvegl ivestigatinlg-thAlntkhoug|11fl-'l5lcc;l!mCnarofessl, if lthe ntilitant ac nation - e us si . r. _rysaist leader. The meeting waslatithe Protestant leaders efforli?loo unsmtounced place awayfwas Justltied lgy his _emphasis;§'ltrom any pohce ofnce. accord-191} what -C01!-Elli-Iii-ES manhood. .mg to her iawyer, Olive; Sgttgn. 3IlC|l1dil'lg5 "the importance _o£.I "SM Wm cgopgratg uy lniself-dot:-.rlse.hy Negroes, a pndelE gm;-15 my 1mm-mation she,ln their Petal hentlge and re-lhasf-. ML Sutton salt] before theisponstbtly for self-help,-. 1 imeeting, "It ts mygundersmnd-1 Assent yman Sutton. a Prob|ing that she was not herself esmn tam . Ml-ed yesterdaytdeeply involved in his move-that he had_ represented Mal-jiment. but was a typical Musllm.¢°1m "*1 "*5 151""? W11! inlhousewife without [te3.t.iPI'iVlte affairs and never rep- L1m"".o:.:&.;"'.;.:5?. 'r..;.::;:'2???-5i%t=?t?s°¬t~?§? ° ° =<ithatythe true assassin of herl' The Pbli== vffiws in shares armband he known. lo! the investigation oi Mal- L'; Tm-Q; mn¢.;-3151115 efmfts no oolms sltgylng Feb. 21, Assistant Igoing on !I1ea.llWhll¬ for the;Chief In pector Joseph L. Co§'lewidow and her tour daughtersnand Inspector Thomas Rena-1Assemblyman Percy Sutaon. a'ghan. questioned three men _'1-Iarlem Dernocra an hver_1a.s1 night at the Bathgate Ave-Sutton: brother. said a MP-1-nue station house in the Bronx.jcolrn X Famtly Fund had Peen Detectmes seized the three inset up at the E£::l1§JIg1.¬'1li°_11*a baseqftent apartment at sotB3-Illt. 271 W181 131 559°?--_East lo-ttb Street where anTHE called it a long-range effOll'e|-npty 12-gauge double-barreled _-lt0_StlPpOl't the farnlly untll tgeishotgun .3, ioumt _fchfidren have giyncd magfiuh After being questioned ilnr;tY d t" Pr? ° Fem .nearly four hours; the thqeet, orthodox lslamtc teaching. were bpoked early ma. and3- ¢1m.f§%$%%e§Lr§ ¢nmg@ with violation 5: the
n t ~ - weaponslaw. . _Mrs. lclney P011161. Ruby Deal . _ U . .3} who I-.m=~"92 M M1,gt*=* . llh;f§s";;l§"3n? 55Olatunjt to receive contntn tons wagr-1-nth Sweet C _, .' here at Box 1024, Church Street 'all Station. or Mrs. Poitlers home%%_-.-";:- §§m:4x5E3G"113;; F,
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*5-home for the famlly. -3!-1" G??? 1" M 91' 33'~°k*=M9215" =in Pleasa.ntvl11e.N.Y. - . -_ - ->3; Assemblyman Sutton said the ° 230° Fm ~ E P°'' lmmediate aim was to buy a'"¢° 51,15 U1" - 3*"'!92°5 ""3
ads Harlem Pfotgggf, iegdgrgllmi ld till Ml, Grey hldr,.=hs.ve sponsored an Educational been I close_ late of Mal-.g1;Fund for the Children ot Mal-'co1.m. J _S Tcolm X. Its account is also atl Pollce h_ e and in Cl-1icago_the Freedom National Bsnlocontinued .-guarding headquar-E"{'ihe Egv! W. Sterling of-ters oi both Malcolm; move-Q5!Grace ongreg tona urch,'ment land Elijah Muhammadsiisaid that the Z50 member-Natio oIIs1ah1.theBtackMus a churches in the Harlem-Upperilims friom whom Malcolm broke:Manhattan Church Association of! a. year ago. =
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_'_B_e_!£'e he was assassinated, Malcolm X, the 311:1:
Nationalist leader who had been expelled from the Black
Muslims, "wrote the story of his Muslim experiences. In it
he predicted he utiht be killed. This isMs1oolms own
story, the Muslim movement as he knew it, and the story
of his life in crime. It will continue daily and Sunday.
5 . ' - BY mawoem x t A
. tenures. uni I1 am um and Mich an - '
MY FIRST DIRECT relationship I'li.h_the Black Muslims
andwith Elijah Muhammad, their leader, began while I. was
ill .'
. Myihiiother, Reginald, had ioined the Muslims in Detroit.
-He haotporei to me about the organizaton on he ma caused_ " ' " - me to begin reading literature about the Black_Muslims.. . e ' - '- -
Thiacausedadrastle changehin mylife. It gave me an amazing insight to the
_ Black-Muslims.r For e thing I had my rst experience
' ' in communicating Mr. Muhammad: teach-
lnI$'_"I5'1FEa ol the hlaokprisonera. And, the other E553,
when-i-ha d read enough to i|_::|ou'i'ioE'iL-th.in:to'hi-aIitl' _ ff
began--to -get into the weekly debating program-my baptism
into public speaking: '
- Pd -knock out" my brother, Reginald, when he visited me
in" prison, te11ing_ him things I'd tound that documented the
Muslim teachings . e. .
But Reginald; I iesrned later, had actually been suspended
{mm the Nation ot Islam by The Messenger Eiiiah Muhamnfad,
iliarged with immorality. After he had learned the truth, and
hat! accepted the truth and the laws-of the Muslim. he liiiwaa
reportedly canying on improper relations with some woman
olhiswhoiivedin Ne'wYork. Someother hiuaiimswtioiearned
at it had made charge: against Reginald to Mr. Muhammad in
Chicago, and Mr. Muhammad had suspended Reginald. ,
- I was or A TORMENT. Finally, 1-mu}; m. named.
'Yi-II : to defend my "brother, appealing tor him. I told him what
-Reginaliwastome, what myhrothetmelni-inme.lp92:'ttheietterinto-theboxtforthepi-ismcensor.Then,ai1oitherut
olthetni3ht,IprayodtoA.i1ah.Idtthinkthatlny0neever
prayedmoresinoere1ytoAI1ah.Ipz-ayediorlometindd
reiiei hen-up terrible contusim.» ' .3,
It was that nlg1a,_or, rather, night,-I-lay onI.! |;.
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4IFFIMal¢oIm*X Own Story? 1%
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Author: 3
ii Editor:
11".:Jlndlcall Peon. name oi
nowapctper, city and atclle I
-GHICA-'3O'S AMERICAN
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
. Date: 3""2"'6S
STAR FINAL
= MALCOLM K
' Chétmcter:
lilaizillcuatltone "-
, Submliunq 0iii.ce:CHICAG-O:'l1Ti l 1
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. -my And! suddenly, with
i became aw'are of a
man sitting beside me in my
cbair.He badon adarksuit,
i remember, 1 could see him
ea; plainly as I see anyone I
-look at. He wasn't. black, and."_%e wast-t white. He was light-"" town-skinned, an Asiasic
conipleitioo, and had oily
-"black, hair. _he sat there. Then, asas be had-come, he gone. Later, of course, I
learned that my provision wasom Master W. D. Ford, the
Messiah, who had appointed
Mr. Elijah Muhammad as His
Last Messenger to the black
people of North America.
Gradually 1 saw the chas-
esement of Allah - what
Ghrlstians would call the
curse" -come upon Reginald.
I-le had begun to lose his mind
- as We know it. In prison,
since I had become a Mus-lim, had grown a beard.He me, he moved
nervously about in his chair;be told me that each hair ofmy"beard was a snake. He
saw snakes everywhere.r He next began to believe
that he was the Messenger of
Allah. He went around in the
streets ot Roxbury tellingpeople he bad some divine
power. He graduated fromthat to saying he was Allah.
And, finally, he began say-ing that he was greater than
,;;t:.I.ti.DItl ITES__|;j_g3g},np
Reginald, and he was put into
an asylum, and stayed. '_
It was spring, 1952, when I
joyousiy wrote to Mr. Elijah
Muhammad and to my family
that the Massachusetts state
parole board had voted that I
should be released. My record
was good, and it may have
helped that they knew I was
allllusllm. Maybe they wanted
me removed from spreading
Mr. Muhammad's teachings
among other Negro convicts.
I-was paroled into-the-enst0dg"ot"mT oldest brother,. J
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FIRST meeting with -hi!
small, almost trail Hill.
Elijah Muhammad. bad ter-
rttie impression on Malcolm
Wilfred. in Detroit, who now
managed a furniture store.lvdired got the man who
owned the store to sign that
upon release I would imme-
diately be given employment.Wilfred invited me to share
hs home and I gratefully ac-
cepted.
THE FUR.92'l'I'URE store
my brother Wilfred managed
was right in the black ghetto
of Detroit.
It was the same kind of
cheap. gaudy-looking junkthat you can see in any ot
the black ghetto turniture
stores today. Fabrics werestapled on the sofas. Imita-
tion leopard skin bed-
spreads, tiger skin" rugs,
such stuit as that. I would see
clumsy, calloused hands
scratching the signatures on
the contract, agreeing to
highway-robbery interestrates in the ne print that
never was read.
MOSQUE N0. 1 in Detroit
was the rst mosque to be
formed, back in 1981, by Mas-
ter W. D. Fard and the Mes-
senger Elijah Muhammad. I
had never seen any Christian-believtng N e gr o e s conduct
thon:.ia1HB- like the Muslims
who came. the -JI
a es alike. The mm , tas'ie!uUY4;-ggsed. The women W0"ankle-length gown-1. 11° mat?up, and scarves covered theirbead; fhgadhiggtfe W8!er "-m%%$l'Smas,Cm-rev-__
bor day in 1952 Detroit
1 M t
in at motor caravan, about 10
automobiles of us, to visit the
Chico!!! Mosque No. 2, to
hear, n person, The Messen-
ger Elijah Muhammad.
I -was unprepared, totally.
for ithe Messenger Elijah Mu-
l1a_tt'u'nads physical impact
upon my emotions. From the
real: 'ot Mosque No. 2' he
came toward the platiorrn.
The small, brown face, thesensitive,'gentle face that I
had studied on photographsuntil I had seen it in dreams.was xed straight ahead as
the Messenger strode, encir-cleil by the marching, strap-pinjg Fruit of Islam" guards.
we MESSENGER. com-
pared to them, seemed trag-ile,=, almost tiny. He and thefruit oi Islam were dressedin tlark suits, white shirts and
bow tes. The Messenger werea gold-embroidered fez. Hear-ing hisvoice, I sat leaningiolward, riveted upon hiswords. That-Sunday after the
mleetiog Mr. Muhammad,who had been Wi1fred's house
gttes;,,_in.vited our enttta.£aJ11-iliy group and mtoster LemuelHatssan to he ~_t92e-guests for
rtttmer-a-t-"his new home.
ll talked with my brother
Wilfred beck in Detroit. 1 ot-
fered my services to our
mosque; minister, Lemuel
Hassan. He shared my deter-
mination that we should ap-
ply the Messenger: methods
in a recruitment drive. Be-
ginning that day, every eve-nng, straight irorn work at
the furniture store, I wentdoing what we Muslims laterm;y__a£r_ucn-rtou 5:5,-ofcourse, mean made. and I re-
ceived from Chicago my X
during this time. The X tor
the Muslim was a symbol tor
the true Atrican family name
that he never could know; it
would replace the white
slavemaster name which hm
been imposed upon my pater-nal forebears by some blue-eyed devil. It meant, the rt,»Chill} of my X, that in the
Nation of Islam thereafter I
would be known as M1}-
cplm X. L_92fJithin a few months of our
plugging away. our _,store
trtmt Mosque No. -1 fahout
trppled its membership. And
we had so deeply pleased Mr.lduhamrnad that he paid us
the honor of a personal visit.
IN THE SU1t1lVlERTtME of
1953.-all praise is due to Al-
lah--l was named Detroit
Mosque No. 1's assistant min-
ister. Every time I could get
oil, I would go to Chicago
and see Mr. Elijah Muham-
mad. I-le encouraged me to
come when I could. I felt
like, and I was treated like,
another son, or another broth-
er, by Mr. Muhammad and
his dark, good wife, SisterClara Muhammad, and their
children, and his dear moth-
er, Mother Marie.
I would sit, galvanized.hearing from Mr. Muham-
mad's own mouth the true
history of our religion, the
true religion for the black
man. Mr. Muhammad told
me that he one evening had
a revelation that Master
W. D. Fard represented the
fulfillment of the prophecy,
that on the Last Day the
Messiah would come as light-_
ning from the East and ap-pear in the West to resurrect
the st Sheep-and-restoreZ
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IH 1831, READY ta leave,
Master W. D. Ferd called to-
gethq--all his ministu-s. He
ainétmczed them that Mr. Eli-
Muhammad was to be
the Messenger to the bust-
Found Nation oi Islam--who
was the black mam-in the
wilderness of North America.
Then Master W. D. Farcl
diéeppeared without a trace.
Mr. Muhammad invited rne
to live in his home in Chi-
MALCOLM X"%. "*i 'u. Then in March, 1964,
the Messenier moved me en
to Philadelphia. The City 0!
Brotherly Love black people
reacted fast,_ and Philadel-phia: Mosque No. 12 was es-
tablished by the end oi May.
The next month, beclunenithat Philadelphia -s u c c e 1-. e,
Mr. Muhammad appoin ed
me to be the minister oiMosque No. 1-in vital New
York City!
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ELUAI-I MUHAMMAD
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MALCOLMFX: His-0wn a
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Strange; Revealing Story
l ,5-I-W I -nu-Iq
7 Robbery . . . Prison . .
Y . . . And Muhammad? ,
i
' 92 * HEN I HEARD the car's horn I was walking on ,1-- -- = ' . .1 T R01 PIE .;. _ W St. Nicholas Avenue. But my ears were heanng CLI I ' r '1 * UN _ __ -.i d a gun. I didr: dream the horn _cou-id possibly be for Hr N Y. J9-.v;RNA92_ _A1¢92EKl _ ___£;=" me. - ,-11¢ 5 __,=,.._,,.........A ':¢*~-1;1 Homeboy! I Q
. - I jerked around; I came that close to shooting. EDITIQK L _ 23- _ a y Shorty-from Boston! "* *" ea q __ 1é . I d scared him nearly to death. __ pg-E MAR 2- 1993 J _...-{ Daddy-0! _ .: I couldn't have been happier to see my mother. I PAGE. A; if j iii " '
1 knew Shorty had hit his number and that he was play-
? in; dates around Boston with his own band. Inside the car he told me Sammy had telephoned - FQREHRDED BY NY DIVISION
- how I was jammed up tight and he'd better come and
Y- = - get me. I didn't put up any objections to leaving town. .,_-l _ .- ' I brought. out and stuffed into the car's trunk what Ur FOP""A3'B:D E5" NY DWLQIGH
' llttle stuff I cared to hang onto. Then we hit the higi1,- -
~ way and drove back to Boston. He afterward told me2"" that through just. about the whole ride back, I talkeicl
.; all out of my head. _ My sister E113 couldn't. believe how atheist. how uncouth
3 I had become. Even Shorty. whose Boston apartment I now_;. _QT _ quiz: shared, wmrt Prepared for how I li-.-ed and £39323-b1 A. .~ like u predatory animal. ---_p e -_..._...~ .* f - Now I knew that I'd have . rs , _ ._ . |_,. C .11 _, -Ll! ~ ~ #Q?
l :2-.:::::..'.::::;:-.::::.:::::;"~ - cost nie about :20 1 day. I __7// -=192 e cues; another $5 1 day could - 'jos,-. H 5t have been added for reeiers
- and lust plum tobacco.
~ when I opened the subject
of house burglary with Shorty.. ' he mu; ihocked me by how -- }C/_ uoickly he an-eed. b
. Short? wanted to brim!
in with us this mend 0! his. ,whom I had met. and liked. L
called "Sonny." I-Io worked .rezullrly ror on employment. t
annoy that sent him to wait
on tables at exclusive par-
-tles at exclusive people's
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I-!:t|'r'!!'IA1'SHO1=l-'I;£.llitA§absolutely riaht in want-
lnz Sonny to Join us in
bureuiarizins homes, A good
burglary team included a
"tinder" -- one who locates
lucrative places to rob. Then
another principal need is
someone able to "case" these
places physical layouts-to
determine means of entry,
the best getawayroutes, and
so forth.
Sonny qualified as a two-
in-one find. By belnz sent to
work in the finest homes. he
wouldn't be suspected when
he sized up their loot and
eased the loint. just running
around lookini busy with a
white cotton coat on.
We were loin; along fine.
then lie low a while, living
it up. >
But it: a law of nature
that every criminal expects
to get caught. I had put a
stolen watch into a Jewelrye» for its broken crystal to
b l- replaced. It was aboutIWe'd rnalte a good Dile and!
i
tire days later. when I event
t pick up the watch, that
thlls fell apart.
I had on my gun in the
shoulder holster. under my
coat. The loser of the watch.
the person from whom it
had been stolen. had de-
scribed the repair that it
needed. It was a very expen-
sive watch. that's why I had
kept. it tor rnyseli. And all oi
lhe jewelers in Boston had
been alerted. That's how I
was arrested.
The judge gave Shorty
eight to 10 years. I got 10
Years. Till? took Shorty and
me. handcuffed toaether. to
the state prison in _Charles-
town. This was in February,
1946. I wasn't quite to the
lonnal manhood ace oi 21.
IN THAT CHARLESTOWN
Jail I found out fast you
could buy druss. But I made
so much trouble and spent
so much time in solitary that
I sweated out all my habitsv
5 Iv
.I 1¬
ol the "total transfdl"i'Elfll5li
that was to -some over me.
My brother; and sisters be-
gan sending l-ne letters about
a new, natural religion for
the black man. One day Resi-
nald wrote. "'Don't eat any
more pork." I tried it and tlirl
it. and for the first time in
a long whilel I bill" W Ida little Ittlirlf of self-respect.thouzh I hair-dl.v knew even
how to Identify the feeling.
Reginald wrote more. about
the worship of Allah and the
American te eher of Islam.the Honoragle Mi. Eliiefl
Muhammad. I learned that
when Mr. Muhammad Weill
to Detroit he actually stayed
at my brothel: Wilfred?» place.
It was my |sister Hilda who
told me that Mr. Muhammad
himself had been in prison.
tor drait dodaing. and she
suggested that I write to him.
And on one visit she ex-
plained to me the key lessen
ot Elijah Muliammads teach-ings, which I later learned
was the d¢rnonoiogy" that
every rellz':ol1 has.
Called "Yiaeuifs History."
once it ls accepted bi an!
black man, he will never
a{ai|;jg,_Lh§,Ilhile man with
the same erés. .,__]-Ltrthe moonfrom tie earth. Then. the
rst humans. Original Man.
were a black people. They
founded the Holy City Mecca.
Among this black race
wet-e_24 wise scientists. One
of the scientists. at odds with
the rest. created the espe-
cially stronz black tribe of
Ehabazz. irom which Amer-
icas Negroes. so-called. de-
scend.
ABOUT 5.600 YEARS A50.
when ill per cent of the
people were satisfied, and 30
per cent were dissatisfied.
was born a Mr. Yaeub." He
was born to create trouble,E break the peace. and to.
ill. His head was unusually
1-arge. when he was iourgears old, he began school.
n the walr to becomini
highly educated.
At the age of 18, Yacub
had finished all of his na-
tion's eolleees and universi-
ties. He was known as "the
bi:-head scientist." Amonl
many other things he had
learned how to scientifically
breed races.
This big-head selenlist.M1'.
Yaeuh. began preaching in
the streets of Mecca. making
such hosts of converts that
the authorities. increasingly
co;,;;:l;D-E-I1:-finally exiled him
ocith. his 59,999 iollaaio-ea-plH
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.!'hri't'Ul"MX finds hintseiif at a crossroads ofiroiuili
-an-1|_'['[h a policy racketeer gunning for him, his life
threatened by a young plliir ""41 P05" Q"-""l him
with more than just suspicion-at the opening of this
third article of his own story. Prepared with lliex
Haley, Malcolm Xs autobiography teiis his t-ersiofn of
trhat made him the stormy character whose o-88,1-H-'1'
lion fired sucil. it-itie repercussions.
llIIIIIIIllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllll
the island oi Patmoa--de-
scribed in the Bible as the is-
land where John supposedly
received the message eon-
tained in Revelations in the
New Testament.
Thoulh he was a black
man. Mr. Yacub. embittered
toward Allah now. decided,
as revenge, to create upon the
earth I "devil" race:l
,bleacl-ted-out, while race ol
people. ,5He knew that it would take
him several total color-
!change stages to get from
black to white. Mr. Yacub
began his work by setting up
a birth-cont:-ol law there on
the island of Patmos.
THERE. AMONG MR.
YACUB'S 59.999 followers.
every lill.'lC| or so child that
was born would show some
trace of brown. As these be-
came adult. only brown and
hr-o9292'n, or black and brown.
were permitted to marry.
As theirchildren we-re born.
Ml". Yacubs law dictated
that. ii a biaclc child. the at-
tending nurse or midwife
should stick a needle into its
brain and give the bod! to
crcmators. The mothers
were told it had been an
"angel babv,j' which had
gone to heaven to prepare a
place tor her.
But a brown child's mother
*-In-e--aid to take very good
care or it.Others, assistants, were
trained by Mr. Yacnb U! con-
tinue his objective. Mr.
Yaeub, when he died tip the
Island at the age o! 15;. had
lett laws and rules tor them
to go by. Mr. Yacub, except
in his mind. never lair the
"bleached-out devil itace"
that his procedures created.
A 200-year span was deeded
to eliminate on the island oi
Patmos all oi the black
people--until only brown
people remained.
The neat 200 years were
needed to create l'ron_t the
brown race the red. i.ace--
trith no more browns left on
the island.
In another 200 years from
the red race was creattid the
vell0a...rane._.92
Jinn--__
Two hundred year: later-
about 6.000 year! ago-at
last. the white race had been
created.
On the island 0! Patmos
was nothing. but these blond,
pale-skinned. cold-blue-eyed
devils -- savages, nude and
shameless: like enl-
msls. they walked on all
tours and they lived in trees.
Six HUNDRED MORE
YEAH-S Dassed before this
race of people returned to the
mainland among the natural
black people.
Within ala_ months oi time
through telling lira that let
the black men to lighting
among each other, this devil
race had turned what had
been a oeacetal Heaven on
earth into a hell tom by quar-
relin: and lhtlnl. Then the
whites ruled.
It was written that alter
Yacutfe bleached-white race
had ruled the world for 5.000
Years-down to our time-
then the black original race
would eive birth to one whose
wisdom, knowledge and power
would be innite. It was writ-
ten that some oi the orizinal
mill 0
om: People should be b?5Tfrn:-*
as slaves to North America-
to learn to better understand.
itrsthand, the white devils
true nature. in modern times.
The greatest and mightiest
God who appeared on the
earth was Master W. D. Fard.
He came from the East to the
West. appearing in North
America at a time when the
history and the prophecy was
coming to realization, as the
nonwhlte people all over the
world began to rise.
Master W. D. Ferd. in 1931.
posing as a seller of silks. met,
in Detroit. Micl1.. the Honor-
able Elijah Muhammad. He
gave Allah's message to E.li-
Jah and Allah's divine guid-
ance. to save "the Lost-
Found Nation oi Islam," the
so-called Negroes. here in
this wilderness of America.
When my sister. Hilda. had
finished telling me this Ya-
cub's History," she left. I
dont lrnow it I was able. even
to open my mouth and tell
her "good-bite."
Clnrrln IP68 1:7Mel Haley Q Malcolm X.Celrlt-I1 at the Satardas ivelitlg rm.
TOMORROW: Mel<o|m'I
name acquires the X. _____-
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-SEIZE"MALCOI:M AlDES92 V
! Three followers of the
lsesslon or a. double-barrele
j Black Muslims Ieuci contin
to
llmerly members oi Elijah Mu-
hammad: Nation of Ialam
_Mosque Ne. 7 in Harlem but
'|dei'eeied to Iollow Malcolm X
into his Muslin: Mosque, Ine..
ionization for Afro-American
Trinity.
I They were identified as John
57X Gray. 29. a postal carrier
land judo expert. or 2300 5th
'ave,. and Cyril 2X James, 18.
a stock clerk Ior the Harlem.
social agency HARYOU-ACTJ
of 14 B. 118th st. The third
prisoner ls Willie Hilton, 1!.
of 65 W. 127th at. All are oll
;l-ierlem.
l THREE HM PARLI-I! ;
Insp. Thomas Renashan said,
the three men went to a base--
ment apartment at 591 E. 16m:
st. last nlzht to discuss the lat--
est developments in the bitterp f . .
B .mtrlcidal strife between thelack Mushma and the 0AAU.;
A toort-la n1an,lo when
lapartment the meeting Ila
;st_aged| escaped an-eat by not
I
ti; bovine op. He was not idea-
1 ltd. -
it BRASS on mun P
1 The arreste brought top po-
rlice brass hurrrina to the Batt-
hre Insp. Renalhan and A.s:t.~
Chief Imp. Joseph I41 Corrie
questioned the men tor aeveral
lhours. ~
But the trio was B03 linked
to the tire-bombing of Mosque
_N9. 7 a week ago. whleh Iaa
considered a stroke of revenge
IoJ Two of the men were r- . ' I|_|_|_e.gn] Possession-of Sowecf-UTE
'- Shotgun Charged to 3 Followers
late Black Nationalist leaderrMalcolm X were charged early today with illegal s-4cl, sawed-of! shotgun asplfhel
ued to simmer.
in the killing. Two are in cus-
.t0dY.
In another development. £1121!'HarIern apartment or SE8-te|_Assernbl:rman Percy Sut on.| who was the attorney for Mal-1
;|col.:n X. was ransacked yester-l_day while Mr. Sutton was inf
A.lbanY.
Prowler: removed the tran-I
non from above the entrance
to Mr. Snttona third-!l'por
apartment at 311 W. 113th-at.
during the alter-noon and made
a thorough aeareh, leaving the
ilillaee Ibside-down.
i A tenant of the buildlng
heard noises. and notied As-
semblyman Sutton: lssistaklt,Roeer Ogilvie. who celled lj.he_
Police. =
, N0 CONNECTIONl In Albany, Mr. Sutton. moi
_l.~. now the lawyer Ior Malcolm
X: widow. brushed ofi tilte-auneetion that the nrowleral
were Block Muslims lookihm
_i'or documents or intormatlon.' Anyone in the know-an-b
one like that-eronId know 1had no eonneetlon with Meh
eolm| organization, but instal an individual." aaid llnl--.--I§'
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[_I[s 0wq___S'T'un_q_e,
___g veanjtory _____r
--J .
iiiI Peddled Ree?Fsf
Like I. Wild Mun i'
Schooled in the code of the hustler, Makim X, GI 18, finds himself o]_ler his first brush with the
law as this second article of his own story opens. Pre-CLIFTIPB 1' RD
N1 N Y JQHRNAL
EDIrI092 _ __* W 72:»-<v __
pared with Alex Holey, Malcolm Xs aurobiograplly »offers his version of thiforces that. shaped him mloone of the moss-controversial American Negro ex-
Ircmisrs. ' ,- 3
AMMY, "PRETTY BOY." proved to he my friend
' in need. He put word on the "wire" for me to come
vver to his place. I went; I never had been there. Hisplace seemed to me a. small palace; his women reallykept him in style. While we talked, about what kind
or a hustle should I best get into, Sammy had. the best
marijuana Pd ever used.Peddllng reefers, Sammy and I pretty soon agreed,
was the best thing. Both Sammy and I knew somemerchant seamen, and others, who could supply me
with loose marijuana. -And musicians, among whom I had so many good
contacts, were the heaviest consistent category mar-ilret for reefers --' and hen they also were for theheavier narcotics it I later wanted to graduate to
peddling them. _I had the advantage that I had been around long
enough to either know, or spot on sight, most. regular
detectives and cops, though not the narcotics people.?ammy staked me, about $20._ I sold reefer: like A wild man. Every day I cleared atIklsi lhirty or forty dollars. I ell. for the first time In myEh Hm treat Ieeling of Inc! Suddenly. now, 1 Ill the peer1____4l.la.1 use ex ~e 1
P.GE_~ e _ i _
FCP 4 RDW3 BY NY DIVISIOT
TUE F0 ' DID Fl!. NY DIVIQI l V : L-
ALL INF ""92lAT!0 I cowmmgg
- - riEDom»; -1; 1 _,, 9 Z- ;,w/
105'-9929 5"?
I weother smooth young hustlers around. ._----'~ .
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up-F.{D
The-T naroouea-equau ge-
teotlvea-di43'_tahl lone to
pick up that I was eellina.
and cmrenmt onea of them;
wouldtamaonoemawhile}
One mornlnl. thoua. I c|.me'_
in and round myroom manq-gcked. "*
IT WAS Ti THAT I he-
ean ca-rrrin: a little J5
automatic. I carried it stuck
rial?! down the center oi my
hack. weasel! under my belt.
soreone had told me thata
the oooa never hit there whennot me you an! routine
pattinl-down. I sold lees them-
I had before because. mainly.
beinz careful consumed so
much time.
It was on the wire. llnalll.
that the narcotics equal oi
Harlem had mo on its ape-
oial list." New was when;
every otha day or ao, anif
usually in some nubile nlaee-;
some of them would come ullq
and Ilaai the badge to searthme. ' '
But I would tell them
right oil. loud enough for
others to hear me, people
standing about. that I didn't
have anythirig on me. and I
didn't want to get anythlne
"planted" on me. and then
they wouldn't. because Har-
lem aimed? 'h1'i01-llht little
enough oi the law. and the?
did have to be careful that
some crowd of Negroes. a-
ming they had witnessed a 92-"l'{arne," could set oi! even
a . ace riot.
Boston draft board. alter
I d d.n't resound at Ellis. had .
contacted her. and then had
contacted their New York
counterpart, and, in eare of
Sammy. ! 1-eeeleel Unela
Sax-ns Greetings. I
I had about 10 days to Io h
heforo I was to show up at I
the induction oents, And I;92l
wasn't even about to set
hooked into anr Army!
T11! ARMY "IN'IELLI-GENCE" soldiers, those
lack soles in -civilian clothes
at_ hurt: around in ch.ffe1;'-
nt plaoea with their ears
for the white man
owntown. oh. res. I knea'_
right where to start droopinwent right to work. I knew I 11
l
the word!-= ..; _. _ _92_ .
-I
I startel elrolilll it .
arouml that I was Irantie to
join - tIf?'.|i'5'aeae Army.
When I eenaesl. knew, that I
h.&llI¢'d.ll'I¢'l2lr!0l|0mO~of the 'l|II|eI" 1 Ioll talk.
and set, high and en-aw. I'llPlllllh out. and real loudly,
or Greet|n|ato make eer-
alnthe§'[ot1loI1rIl.a.n|l
hen Pd. report downtown.
there -lwell. I costumed like
a model. With my wild sootsuit angnthe yellow knob-toe ii
al1oes.dIfl'l.zedmYha1i'Jtun into la crew reddish bush
,0! cont.Let mie tell you -'- when I
rwent in gskippme and tipninl.
and thrust my mi-ered
Greetiruks at the reception
desk: White soldier -~
"Crazy-O. Daddy-O. set me
I can't wait to let ins.ndtheoa!Iwentdown"§
ll
moving. " ,'rt!-ia"t brown"--why 1 will bet-you thht soldier ha5n't re-'L-oovered irorn me yet. The!had their wire from uptown:O11 me. all nzht--I could tell,_in from his expression when hi!
slime at my Greetings con-
rmed the name to him. ,'rE Bllt they still put mg in my
f
5
i
tliile. And I had meanwhile
armed up the situation. In glue
M3 5""?-108 room were may.
be tl or 5| other plililllgd in.ouetees. '
The room had fallen vac-
uum-quiet. with me running
my mouth a mile a minute,I-elllinr nomlne but slang..fW" i0fI1I DO fight on 1
fronts; I was going to be gen.
eral. man. before I got dcm 1,and such talk as that. L
MOST OP THEM in than
re White. or course.
The tender-looking ones ap-
peared reed! to run Iroen me.
Some others had on that
Vi!-%8i=!"! here's the worst
we or niaeer" look. And 1
F" were amused at the
.§H*92I'T9m Jisuboo archty-pe_'. Also amused were melpf
;-the room: maybe 10 or "12
Nest-oes. But the stonyfaeed
rest or them looked as thou [h
1: they were about to sign 1,;
tti I0 0|! killing somebody,
they would hare liked to gm
lllllinr me rlrht there.
You 5151- "11? I made these
Nee:-oes realm eo mad wgg
they were these integngign.
type Heroes. And what I was
rioin! was confirming white
539°D|9'l 1-mil! of Negroes
zrizht there among some of
ii! White people that they
were so anxious to get mtg.t
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gre'ter!"I'!l.'II'i"i.d they knei
those crackers probaby
would so to their navea
iilhtim intetrltion. after the
show I was putting on,
Finally they siphoned me
oil. One of the white coats
accompanied me around 1
turnin: hallway; I knew we
were on l-he way to a "head-
shrinker." _ _
I must say this for that
psychiatrist. He tried to be
objective and professional in
his manner. He sat there and
doodled with his blue pencil
on a tablet. listening to me
spiel to him probably three or
tour minutes beiore he got a
word tn.
His tack was quiet ques-
tions, to get at why was I so
anxious. I kept jerking
around. backward. as though
somebody could he listenina.
I knew I was-going to send
him hwk to the books to Ili-
urewha.tkincloiacaseI
W3-I.
Sudden}. I sprang up and
peeped under both doors the
one Pd entered and another
that probably was a closet.
And then I bent and whisp-
ered last in his ear.
Dadlilr-0. now you and me,
Irere from up North here. so
dont you tell nobody . . .
I want to eel sent down
South-__ Oryanize them nigger
soldiers. you dill Steal ul
tome suns. and kill up
crackers!"
A 4-! card came in the
maitl, and I never heard Iron:
tho Army anymore. 3. _ , lBrowse oriTy"F!p1i'isuooaround it was easy for die
to zet into the numbers
racket.--about the only hustle
left in Harlem that hadnt.
tailen off in business. My
job now was to ride a bug
across the George Washing.
ton Bridge, where a iellosrF1? woo always waiting°1-lid hind me I bag ofEumbers-bettin: slips. We.1idn't speak. I'd cross the
treet and catch the next
bus back to Harlem.
I never knew who that
R110! was. I never knew whoi" 92'
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5:33 II the betting money
that I pleietl
uII- n the aeketa you don;
"I questions. My bop, 111;
wile and their rlallihter
would be waiting in g 1-pom
when I would arrive. Bust
shortly betore the slay; gin;
number was announced from
downtown. _
Our numbers-world ethics
code was that 1 should play
with a runner of my own om.
111- Th" was how"'1"1!egI|1
plac'nr bets with We t. In-iidian This wars onelot Harlem's really bad
|.Negroes, one of those former
ilDuteh Schultz strohgarm
merr who were around. It
was status and class i._ust. to
be known as a client of West.
Indiin Archie.
-- ONE AFTERNOON West, Indian Archie paid me
4.3300 out of his pool-iet5i01"l
50-cent combination bet. I
was plaflnllll IO E0 Oi-it O11 I
date. Later. when I 80% I-O thr-anartment oi my 1?-ET!!!
Sammy. he told me that! West
Indian Archie had been there.
lookinz for me. I couldn't 1figure out whit '
Anyway, Sammy and I
sniffed some cocaine to U
the time oetore X WOW! 8° '
out and pick up my dale-
Then there was the knlunl
1|, the door. Sammy. lsril
on his beg in oajarnas and a
bath:-obe, called Wht,|'-"'
When West I-ndii lA!'¢1'9219
answered Sammy slid under
the bed that round. twcji-sided-shaving mirror withi Th?-ll
little oi the cocaine powder
...or org,-seals, actually--wasleit. and opened the door.
Red-I want my Il:I0!J':"
Man--1|hat'a the . beet?"
West Indian Archie said
h..d thouiht I HS "Yin!
something when I'd told him
*.d his a so-cent ooznijiinarioii.liumber. But nrcl awe onlind paid me the s300_iint1l heigould double-check his actualwritten bettinz siibs; now he
thought. I hadn't¢urribiI1=*-ledthe number I'd claimed, but
another number.2Indian put: his hand behind
him and pulled Open the door.9&1-le backed out, and slammed
it.Tr was A CLASSIC hustler-F
code impasse. The $300wasn't the problem. I hsdbmaybe about 82% oi it. But
once the wire had it. any re-
treat by either of us was un-
thinkable. The wire would
be waiting the report oi the 5
big showdown. 1 could see
people who knew me {incline ,
business elsewhere. I knew
nobody wanted to be maybe
caught in I crossfire.
1; just. stayed high for a
ten days, but I was scared._
5 Some raw kid hustler in d'
has". I had to bust in hi!
'E'5Tft?.-T. He dame Qei. pulling"L blade; I would have shoe-
hir. but somebody arabbed
him. Al I was known, and
they feared rne, they put him
out. cursing that he wag go-
in; to kill me.
linings were buildin: up.
closing in on me. 1 was
trapped in cross turns. West
Indian Archie gunning forme. The scared kid hustler 1 it
hit. The oops. Q----W.Ii
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violence, Malcolm X.--. 3 BROU to idsau-bit crowds in his role M "
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, ; . 92 _' ~.!' .....-,-- '1The sensational murder nt-Mali-nlm 3-I and all the cloak-3m'l~dnp,";cr escapades which
followed are intriguing sub-
ject Eur speculation, but theydo not deserve all ourthoughts. '
Malcolm was not powartul.He spoke in hall-Y.ll.llh$ and
appealed to many-partieulaxvly Negroes--because he was' alwat-s'halI-rigzlit. He was a wild man some o1
. tvccltt 'th lime; a. proud man all 0! the time. 'l will never lot;-zet what he said to my col-league; Dave i3'ulch, and me in the same ' Mosque Number 7 which was bombed last
l We asked him why. "X" for a last name.
r. _ . 192|i_'.;;.:cr!"' .1-it: said he refused to _Ll.~lC a name given to his - e family h_92- while men when his ancestors were . ' hrou{:.ht over from Alrica. .- i "92'-hm. sl~.;lll_wc call. you then?" we asked.= " _ Ile ngwli.-;i: "Itl r:.liiv.- nave you call me
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' Irma h. _.-...-.1 gajntips oi hlglck nationalists.I 1 But "nus ms nothing to do with the civil.at sio. hr lhe pnwihliilg. ol {miner V10-
92." -l rifzhls mqven1c1_1t._ _ _ _ _
' 1 lhe"mo92'tmcn!._ _e "ll you look hacl-2 100 years. Wilkins says,- P "you won: see any .*=i.gn 01 violence betweenRey 92Vil_]<ins", of the}~TA'ACP. does not con-" H 'sidur ,92i;ilenlms death to be connected with
- Ne,-:'1'nc.~t within the movement." _- 1 - wl~.it'ney M. Young Jr., who. refused to ap-
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Iluenee on the "mainstream" of the m'ova'nen_t
This is not to Idcnrecate I dead man whose
l'l92Plll ll'_92 is dt":n' to his wife, children and at
least ID-close lnllotvers. - - --
Malcolm ceulrti he charming and entertain-
i|1;_'. He was not sinister. as some have por-
trayed him. _ -
11 we're 20in: to let Malcolm's death, cloudour minds about the meaninz and purpose 0:
the Negro tevolutton in America, then his mur-
der will have harined us atL
Malcolm was the victim oi spreading vio-
lence in our eoun'lry. For that we should be
nshamcrl, but we should. not, for a moment
take our eyes ott the greater things.For. while there ls violence and denrivation
in Harlem. there ls also at strong desire to
build up commtmications between whites andNe_e1'_ms.
Despite Arlnm Clayton Powell, the sorry
state at Negzro politics, the narcotics rackets,slums anti all the evils which go with them,
the news ti-om I-lat-Icm ls not all bad. '
Many, many organizations have set up sh0p_
in Harlem in an extort to rebuild the cum-
munity; social wdgkcrs, businessmen, tireles-
sionat experts are,movin;: in. _ -'
Discussims and joint projects _inv_oIvingwhites end Negroes who never betore spoketo each other tor J:-tore tha_n_{wo m§tnute_s_ arenot necessarily ne t swonhy. ' _ -
But they reprefsent amattempt _to. renew
the spirit, as welt jas the body, of 1E_gh_t2'L't0.They symbolize l. lstubborn refusal to be de~Iealed by the raeLz Ls who thirst, for Violence.Nobody close no Harlem can deny that
tensions exist; huti instead at iust predicting
another lonn'. .hoft sumn-ier_"'.£or h1_965,_ we
'e_é_11£'l92.-be workin harder than ever_to pru-
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it O1 Malcolm X 1
B.v SAMUEL LUBELL I"-,'-"* /"HAT EFF'ECi will the murder of IMaIcolm X, ' » have on the civil rights movement?
' Perhaps the best answer that ean now be
~,::ivr~r. would he to examine the strangely ironic role played
by Malcolm X and the Black Muslims in the whole stormy
civil rights struggle at recent years. .
Revolutionary movements need their extremists and
"wicl-zed partners" it only to make the less zealous leaders
seem more reasonable anclreassuring. "" §~""
That seem: to have been the part tor Ml. -.~-
which Malcolm X was cast. Headliner]. 'widely as a hatepreaching symbol ol black A»
violence. he wis looked upon by many hor-
rified whites as the darker. bloodier a1terna- __ _tive towards willie.-h Kilt Negro masses mightturn "'1! somet n sn't one-J "' ' 3'-%'-;"This [ear range the demands of other l ' ' I
Negro leaders easier to accept and helped l "
adVaé1g:t:J}5ymBilIi1ftli§|h'tI:uflie1:elGng Jr. lost sag-"'-uh
no stature wheri his doctrine of non-violence was assailedby Malcolm X as "I132 best mmn that thewhlte man who
wants to brqtalize egroes . -Voter registration seemed somewhat nlle preulnl
alter Malcolm X called tor bullets instead 0! w ms"
"Big Red." as tie was nicknamed. must hayel been awareof me erlcc: he -was having. He took such evident pleasure
in thinking up new epithets or hate wlnle taunting the white Sevlls" and urging Negroes to Iorm rie clubs for
sell-pro eeon-_ _ __ ___.____.__,. ._- .. -_.._c._._.- ..i:""*f:?c
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Avhmliy Ht Whh hunk Mttsilm !!K92"" 9 _ h FM-v§_.o""Irinine§l nigger in white ban in M-grn thinking. shortly after
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|. 953. i did - survey nf Negro feel-nw ' ¥'"L£'3'.l 211;. Uni! "'2 1" "'3'? 1° :"""" lng in nine . n - Q. in nod D Hy bum the mackln""wwghm¢|:;nw lqggwl wen!-ae-f than their tl'"|¢|-"'l'l-Muslim gym Blaeirtu-gopremacy, Malcolm X had prelohdIn-my mi; ever-yt_#92ing titewhite man stood I0l- Bi-Itthe ?°-° §§ n-meg have never wanted to be cut oft into IAmerican .1?» or sum; even when me grasses O; megeg.sgpataig 2-:23: have heaviest. Always their drive hi-Ive ":0 aqggptgd as equals bv the white man.een'*I-low can we ask for equality it we taik oi black su-Pii'92'3mac92""' demanded aidcntisit in Canton. Ohio. I d.. » try," said an u11e92'nD 0Y9Iactogydggkgainttt -?¢wT£§.§fu--"1 want to stay ristht here."- t - - , "I d t oAla electrg:ai_ Igor-l<:T;. :1 2532,2232 1; rtgsftred on Bfor ¥92,:92;;lrinc:§thet£-s;~Ze;' have too strong a taith in Christi-nit to it-ek salvatiogefn a Mohammedan mosque- it s l92I own !eei' that the civii rigiti.-t muse wiii 1'0 "t;nnt|tyst|lferin~msrious imi"<"Ii"1¢"- TM "'i|$7"'e:"d:¢:;,lg,n¢-4-'};|' ti-|¢ ML tiivil rights law and Son. Barry Gnld-.wer-F cm_,_|,|ng dgl'P|l|'.92lllI92'Q hmtggltt n basic change in the- e nou t '--nci?Ie:'l:?:l§it2"t::;r:t|s.wil! continue to rock the nation in:11 tutifare But the aclvances rc§i$f¢IB1-l by N~Fl°¢5 ha"mi tlftiiliilj impt-e$aive to strengthen their driv 1° >9ace:-tlpied as equals andl to weaken the aners and husk
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S'T5p Up
For Suspects in i
Malcolm
"Hariem Heard"-See Page 12. 1 r
,..._.i__--- 1
BI CY
' Journal-A rnericon Staff Writer
Investigation into thefgtionaiist leader Maicoim X picked up in tempo today
P . as police made new attern
joiiowers. i
J It was hoped some light. misht
he shed on the identity and
whereabouts of one to three
more men believed involved in
the munier. in addition to twoisuspects already in custody aneilile Owning s brand new o
charged with the slaying a week
ago Yesterday. r
Whether or not the Justice
Dept. will launch its own proof:
in answer to demands irom"
James Farmer. national direc-
tor or the Congress of Raciaii
Ed silty. remained uncertaintoday. Mr. Farmer declinedcouirnent on his discussion withthad Attorney General: oitioe.
mscvss BITES sou: E
The weelrs anniversary oi
the killing was marked yester-4
day by discussion among Negro
leaders oi Malcolm Is status
in the history of the civil rights;
movement. Moat agreed he had
been a most articulate spokes-
man tor Negro complaints.
But the trend of ehinion wasii»: the slain leader's {oi-lo!-i
lit! and impact on the Netti!mnle had not been as en
she as might he indicated.ITéariif
Killing
some r e
assassination ot Blhok Na--
i.s to question his V-die and: . |
given hem heeaose of his ea-F
_i-remism. i_
Mrs. Constance Baker Motiey,
inew Manhattan borough presi-,
dent, viewed Maicolnfs death. ' - p-portiinity to move in "now and}-
lead. the people than he at-=i
tempted to lead into construerive channels oi activii.y."A
1 cmrrcrzns Pomcs
' Mr. Farmer chargled that neither Gov. Rockeieiier nor;iiidsyor Wagner had doneienough" for civi! rig; ts andi.went on to criticize oioiice 1Oii1
not giving Malcoim moreiprotection." EBayard Rustin. maior Orliii-i[leer ot the was civil rirnls
Marcia on Washington. aaidium I decade alter iue us.
Supreme Court outiajml se-,negation in pohiie schools;i ihere are more Neg-re school.
children in sesnsated elaiieea,than ever before." |D
Dr. John Morsell. assisiantiexecutive director oi -the;
NAACP, said there had been
no positive achievements at
by the widespread puhlieitaleolm'!"l!i'iIP!IIi'ent. !I
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Describe"
Impact of
_ By LESTER ABELMAX
Malcolm X continued'yes-
terday to provoke discus-
sion, anaiysis and scrutiny.hegro leaders went omTV
and radio to assess-the slain
black _ nationalist leader's
place in history.
They all agreed he would prob-ably be best remembered I5 the
most articulate spokesman ex-pressing the frustrations of the
Negro people.Four Negroes appeared on the
TV protram, The Legacy of Hai-
colm K. it was their consensus
that his place in history will be
determined by whether the nation
acts effectively to correct the
him life and conditions that
produced him.
Great Shock Value" '
He had the guts to articulatethings which the black man felt,
said Parey.Sutton,-Harlem Dema-cratie asseinbiyiiaaii and Ty;-*2!for Idalcoili 1'I'i!iQ!L. Ma Aim8 great shock value. He madeR-easier for in the NA.~92;CP.' ORE - - 'ngagsrd Rustin. who directedthe 1963 March on 92_92ashii_ig=_°§.said Malcoims historical signifi-csiice depended not on what tigeNegro comiiiiinii-3' d°"_b'- ° Fgreat majority of White Ame"-
cans. _ _He said if _white Americansfailed to l!T3I§92CQ92B ' sei:r¬$-'1¢_9<1education, slum housinB and "3Neg-mes economic woes, MalcolmX would become the folk hero if-'hc_i
wa.a_s~1a.i-n-while fi£?"1"9-5°""3"""
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Mrs. Constance Baker Motley,Manhattan: new borough presi-dent, me. Dr. Jfhn Morsell.NAACP assistant ea ecutive &irec~t-or, said Malcolm lwas eifectivebecause of the publicity given tohim tether than because of any»thing intrinsic he offered or b¢~cause of the small 1-lkumber of peo-
ple who followed him.Interviewed on gm ralio pro-gram, Let; Find ut, Dr. l- en-neth B. Clark, edueator an-Ii i'.m~-mer chairman of the board of di-rectors of Haryou, said that 11:11-e9j_m,,_j_u_Lhe last part of his life. was groping ton-a;rd a more fe-
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B! SAM CBOWTHEI
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Ioumel-Amerieln Sta]! Write!
For the last 24 days of his life. Malcolm RX was
stalked relentlessly bl? Black Muslim gunmen.
He was ahadowed la! killer: around the clock as ha
travelled wast-to-mast to gather evidence about his
arch-toe, "Prophet" Elliah Muhammad, head lo! the
Muslims. He was trrtnl tn expose the "Prophet," as a
Iraud.
In two or the nation: laraeat eltlea--Loo Angela
and Chicago--he was placed nude: ennordlnam pollen" auard.
But in New York the noliee evidently did:-l sran
the fears ot authorities elsewhere. 1.
u The heretofore undlsclosed details of howl Nial-eolrn X llved in the shadow at death for the last ill dare
of his llle were Obtained by The Joxunal-American fromfollowers of Malcolm X! Own Black Natlonallst Move-
ment and law enrorcement otllcials across the melon.
Thmuzh 1: all, 1:. 18 aatently clear um am: Muslimfollowers 01 mum Muhammad. wanted Malcolm ix out
of the war.And tor three basic reasons. aeenrdina to t.he'1tnd-
tnu of thi; newspaper: _0 Malcolm X was lnvestlnling that hahlmgrl tamore than S3 million collected DI Prohhet _ lilah
Muhammad from his followera.0 He was pllrlnlnl to aecuae the "Prophet" of lb -
lng had elght mistressea and 12 lllealtlmai-e chlldkem0 Malcolm X had given secret testimony to theIllinolg attorney general alsout the Black um-um; and
their finances.The last 24 days of his llle beoan when he boarded
TWA Flight 9 irom New York to 141 Anelea. _T31 PLANE landed Jan. 2s about 3 um. at I-ml lll?l8B1¢l
1? Alrptlrl and was met by Allen Jamal and EdwardBradley. two of his close friends. Also on hand vraa a
detail of the special police Inteueqenee squad. under thecommand of Lt. M. B, PhilliDl- 92 1What happened durlna the 11 hours Ma-leolm Iremained in Lu Annalee was related. by Mr. Bradllp to
tamed Negro reporter Louis E. Lama: oz the 321013.}:
American Newsnluer Alliance."We greeted Malcolm and drove lmmesllatet! $6 ll
SI-atler Hilton Hotel." Mr. Bradley recalled. "Ag 1'6mm-gq [g lbw. alx men came In eight aet us. I
recognized them as Blaea Musllma. Malcolm checked lnh 800:1! 1129. Jamal went uti-
lilfrl with him.ag-muym; 1,1 , lgf Qpl down tn thaanhl§j;Ma|colsm X,I|.ii'suecl bY Deeih
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'-,.ee-eml brick homo..he.u:a.curried with hll family at
23-11 lth at. lilmhurat.
Queens. '
Testimony was nresentedahowlng the home belonaed
to the Black Musllmil andhad merely been lent to Mal-
colm X when he was a mem-
ber of the sect.Malcolm decided to tlaljit,the eviction. and {lied an an-: peal. Then. a week later lieitlew to Europe tor eoeaklrsl engagements in France and
" Enzland.Malcolm returned to New
York Saturday. Feb. 13.
At 2:45 the following
mornlnr Malcolm and his
family were awakened by a
terrllylnl blast.Some one had flredaombedthe house with flamingzasollne Mototov cocktails.
It tool: the Fire Dept. an
hour to put out the blaze
which destroyed nearly hall
the house. Malcolm, his wile
and their tour children
escaped uninjured.Two days later he let it
he known he was amnytn:
tor a olstol permit."I have reached the end
of my rope." he declared. "Idont know whether they will
let me have one as I aenerl
time in prison."Monday night. Feb. 15. he
Smite in the Audubon Ball-
room. 166th st. and Broad-
way, where Just six days
later he was to meet his vio-
lent end. My house wal bombed by
the Muslims." he shouted =to
a crowd of 500 followers. -:
Later in the week, Thur!-gy. Feb. 1B. Malcolm X che-lded to live up his tight to
avoid eviction and moved his
family to the Hotel Theresa
in Harlem.
A: the weekend ep-
proached, he told a close as-
social/e:
l have been marked tor
death within the nut few
daya. I have the names oi
live Black Muslims who have
been chosen to hill me. I will
announce them at the meet-
-_--I.gt: -" '
Prolecti:l|"" "
In 'Wl1ne' Country
He rhoved lnto the New
York llton Hotel where he
stared lde his room at all
tlmea xcept tor dinner in
the ho92e1's Bourbon Room. "
For Malcolm. seeking pro-
tection in "white man: tlr-tritor1"| was a tremenduousl"concession. Onlr-a securityoiiicer_was on hand to pro-5'tect Malcolm X at the Hil-
ton. e thwarted ettorte ofzthe Eliot: Muslims tralliniMalco l to nd out his room
nurnbefr, but could do no
more-. h
Yet the bespectacled.goatee Malcolm could not.or wovrld not stay away irorn- his people. even though he
- knew lhluslim "eniorcers"
were stolhlna him.~ It wlas clear and warm on
. Sun, Feb. 21 when Malcolmchecked out of the Hilton
ll and headed for Harlem and
his people.At exactly 3:15 p.rn. Mal- colm pl mounted the stase
in the Audubon Ballroom.There was a wild ovation an
he v-'a!ll-.ted to the rostrum.After a minute the crowdquieteld. Malcolm stepped tn1 the lectern, looked up and
" said: _Z "Salaam Aleikum" lPeace
1 be unto run.!'1 The audience responded.l We alellmm Saleem" thud
l unto jun peace!. -I-le had Just started to
1 apeaitl when two men betw- arguing in the beoh-Q"!-H!!! '
,1n:nr*""l
l
1,.Oao-dlouted. ']J¢l:e--rel!
hand out of my pocket."
M ale elm X: bodyguards
ltarted down the aisle, "Hold
It. hold it! Let: cool it now
brothers," Malcolm said from
the stale.Slrnultaneosuly. two men.
one with a shotgun. the other
with two revolver: rushed
tbwurds the store.
A roar of zunitrc threw the
hall into pandemonlum. The
lnstllade was deadly accurate.
Malcolm X clutched lull
chest . . . His eyes roled to-
ward the ceiling under the
impact. he toopled backwards
--his head atrl-kin; the stage
with at thud-Malcolrn X was indeedkilled: having died as he had
expected -- by the violent
creed that had shaped hiel
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,_ Ziwol 0] eFu_le!ia£eo boob, TM Bloch Hush:i"'- new-vie-.'-»¢:_¢:u-m.=192¢,m-.1»... a»-11.»...Mnconu x 1: ma.1'0! the Negroes in America; his death" ls the
moo! portentou: event since the deportation lot
Heron: Garvey in the 1920's.
EL: death bu blown to ttumentl the eentlmenu
one loo-elltles ot menu: lernot concentration go!
tiegrou-Harlem. the nowtinua "Black Ghetto on the
d of Manhattan.F But in o loner oenoe the meal-eelmtlon oi Melcoln; D:
no tmnllclt-lone roe Nenoee everywhere, and tor whitekzeérlnelns, too, 101' Meloolm X died. in e ct:-unlo tor
He diet! in I Itmltle for the mind: and loyalties of
the uncommitted nmoee who no the denlnm oi lli_e
denlb-II The depth; of otarntiolb llolltlon. alienation.
and despair. The min} and economic Gehennn that *-
the Block Ghetto lo Ame:-lea.
He left en uzafox-tlmeta leuey or violence in the
city he loved end for the people he vented so dslirl-tel?
to lead. This to I sobering II-ct for the white end block
people on! New York as it 1: for ell Americans.
The oueetlon of who killed Molcolrn X ts not the
questlon of rst tnportenoe. It Ls wldel! speeuhted that
Malcolm I lml been marked 10': death since 11.1.: hreekl
with the Block Muslim movement.
A lee; subjective we: of mxttln! the one 1.1 to en!
thet when Malcolm X accepted Derwnol leadership of a
-segment of the Block Nmonellqt thrust in Harlem. he
entered e highly competitive oren-1., where the ght for
ton leadership could mean death at en? time for anyoneinvolved in the etruule Io: power. Molcohn I met this.
is A mm-ma smca: mzszm, mum x was well
4 were 01 the ezhwrdiners security meuureo tokenzlxgotect mum Mnhemmed Wherever he eppeu-ed'et o.
. The elaborate Honor Guards so:-rounding _uu-
hnmmod um not so much ooneemed with protection
him Irena the no-celled blue-eyed dele" or wmpen
u they were Ln proteottne him iron: the nrloue would-he
black leader; who were his potential rlvels for power in
the Bleak G-bettoe
_ The point is that the intense rlvnln for coma-ol oi
the block mosses was productive of the hltterest antel-
omerns. and anyone who coveted this control did on at
{flit persons! risk.N glomg :ceeoted mu risk. He knew that he might. on re-quentb diecusaed the possibility. e
11ved"T.E"tl:e decision that he hlmaelt bed mole toI
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lI,gcpm~_L'Jeadar in his own right and in his-eta-aaaie.
and like Patrice Laminnba. s man he admired verr
greatly, he paid for that decision with his lilo.
To ll! that Malcolm died as s result oi internal
rivalries within the Black Nationalist movement doesnot aet to the heart or the matte: in which his death
iixureo so prominently.The fundamental question baa ta do with no-vr and
why the Harlem community could develop an iutrs-racistrivalry oi such proportions aa to seriously threaten the
peace at New York City, and to have important rantllicfae
tions for race relations throughout America..- In the first place. Harlem is probably the ,mo.stdensely populated hlock" community anywhere iri the
world. It is certainly the most densely populated Black
l__lhett.o on this side of the Atlantic.
1' In Harlem there is power--a tremendous potentialpower in the success!-.11 channelini oi the energies thtit
derive from frustrations. resentment. and hatred.
S1363 leaders as Adam Clayton Powell, and such organlt
rations as the NAACP have barely touched the power
notential that is inherent in a city oi a million oooped-up.dissident blacks sun-oimded by an affluent and ouchapathetic! community of whites who are in political and
economic control.Forty years ago. Marcus Garvey tried to tap thispower potential and very nearly succeeded. Garvey railed.not tor want oi followers. but because he failed to dis-
cern correctly whet the people wanted.I-le thought they wanted to mirrate to Airica toescape the white man, when. in tact, ever since long be+
tore the Emancipation. Negroes have insisted that the!
have no desire or intentions of leaving. _Elijah Muhammad learned irom Garvey: mistakes.
We don't have to so to Africa. he said. We can have
:a nation or our own right here! And indeed. Muhim-»nsd built a sizable Blecle Muslim empire on the pro;-ise.
oi "a black nation riiht here in America."
Dr. C. Eric Lincoln. -ll. is Proressor of Social Re-I
lations. and Director oi the Institute oi! Social Relations.
at Clark Coilese, Atlanta, Ga.
At the moment he is on leave from Clark at BrownUniversity. Providence. R.I., on a teachini ll-fl mid!
Brant from the Fund toe the Advancement oi Education,
oi the Ford Foundation.
He is the author oi two books. "The Black Mlislirna
in America and "Mr Pace ls Black," both mlblished bytha..£Eies.mq,PressotBoston. He hssa.isobeo|ta|-lttetit1
The majority or America's Negroes don't vrant aBlg]!I"8l!Il5I "right hero in America." elther."!'a"£.I"@want to be a full and accepted part oi the Americancitizenry with complete acmss to the normal rattle oi
rights and responsibilities citizenship mpiiea.In places like New York Cit-1. Philadelphia. Chlealoand Detroit where Negroes are crowded into ghetto!
tirade! living conditions intolerable tor aelf-respectinghuman beinla; where decent Jobs and advancement in-centives are tied to racial identication. the socialanxiety Negroes suitor often lead: them along the proo-lpieo-ot violence. 1:1: recent book. "Ms Face Is Black. predicted theHarlem riots oi last Summer. Beiore the book cotld
come irom the press we had experienced the un-precedented phenomenon of tour riots within the -IPaoa
oi a iew weeks.NEGRO leadership is not screed on the cause or the
meaning oi the riots. They have been called the
handiwork oi a few "ponies and thuzs" who took ad-
vantage of an explosive atmosphere in order to promote
their own nefarious ends. Undoubtedly "punks andthuas" were involved. out this does not eliminate the
troublesome question of why the atmosphere was ea-
lilosive. At the time of the Harlem riots. Malcolm I was
in Africa, whence he cabled his satisisction st beingabsent for fear that he would have been charged with
tornentinr the riots. Malcolm X cave himself too much
credit.The conditions for a racial outburst in Harlem and
in other lane cities are inherent in the nature cl the
Blsclr Ghetto. they will erupt in a nightrnara oi violence
and destruction whenever these is a catalyst-an incident
of Ihieient imitation to let it off.§The present tenseness is a ease in point. Althotuflthvoverwhelmin: evidence suggests that the death ofMsljpolm X at the hands oi a Nesro assassin is purelr
iMlIm WIK
lecturer on social. relations at Yale. Harvard. Brown.
M.I.'I: and other colleges and universities.The Encyclopedia Britannica recently oornrnissioned
him to write an article on the Block Nationalist move-
merits.
1-lc holds the foliowin:'dea'rees:Bachelor oi Social Science. Leuoyne College. Mem-
phis: Bachelor of Divinity. U. oi Chleaao; Master-s
Degree in Education, Boston 13.; Master: Deeree inReligion and Philosophy, Fisk 11.. Nashville;-I-lie. 3. in
. Boston U.
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u;;_;emJ&_ot a ght among NegroesBlack Nat1ona1.t.st policies, the white mam! nu n
1'eoeetedl1'wamedoote-kenooomiorttxomthleetrtizele
for newer among Harlem!: blech. '
The demon that Bu-Lem butane: lhoulg beeluted I-I a mexnoal to Malcolm I Ill I thinly yelledhint,-to the while merchant of Harlem that even in 5moment or Ipereuesnent. the Ne;-roe; '1" 11" high;
Blaean ghetto have neither forgotten nee torghengtheIntel! presence ol the white nun in the ghetto home:constructed for the blacks. #It has been eald. that there are international1mo.ieet1one"1n the alayinz or Maioolm X. Thls I doom.Unquestionsbly. Malcolm x nu man! iezn onewell-wtshere in Mnoa and Asia as does Mr. Mumm-mad. 101' that mutter!, but there 1.1 mm to s=-.<uem
that his death. Ls in tn! way an intermtlonal coup.O! the dozens oi Black Nationalist troupe in Herhemand elsewhere among our important. ciuea, none Lesufficiently moaned to an extra-mtionai power tomake Malcolm: death a matter ol mwmon im-
port-anoe.TH! ANSWER ls closer to home. The enewee la in melocal etmzsle among contending rivals Ior leader-ehip om the black masses. which are potentially the most
volatile sub-noun tn A.merlea.me end is not in sight. yet. Blnee World Warn.the Negro in America has learned a lot. about adoptnzcauses, however ehauvinistie. and hem: wiinz to suraer,sacrice, and even die for them. The new iener. onof students worm: in Mississippi and Alabama in
Louisiana are eases in point. ' _,Ne|1'0eI have also learned a lot about organiielviolmee. Much of this they iezrnea! from the white m n.11» the South and in the North-the am, the woke
Citizens Counelle, the Maa. eie.1-In e sense. orunizeni violence represent: a em ml"cumin: or lie toe an eeme group in it: stgllcfor e mm of America. u 1.; 1- phaee through which theIrish, the Jews, the lteltans, and other lrolmi hl
9a.ale92L or are oasslng. 'Need the Neg/ro travel the same road? And. 1! hev
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"_He died in q etrugple for powgpxn n. co-mneiltwe arena. "'I{_"*_-j-_nge_4g_- nee.-1.
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Born lo Violence
I' HEN MY MOTHER was pregnant with me,92 W ~she told me later, 1 party or Kn Kiux Klah
irlders came suddenly one night, galloping ch
their horses around our home in Omaha, Nab" Theypropped with their llpraise torches :1gmmg- in
around the house to prevent any escape by imy
father. My mother came out or the front door.
She deed them that she was alone with her
three small children, and that my rather was
away, preaching in Milwaukee. The Klansnren
shouted threats and warnings at her that we hlad
better get out of Omaha. because the good Chris-
tian white people were not going to stand for my
fathers "spreading trouble" among the loclal
"good" Negroes with the Back to Africa." teach-
ings of Marcus Garveya.t that time, 1925, the
most controversial black man on earth.
The Klansmen spurred their horses and gliiopeld
about the house. close enouzh to use their gun butts to
chattel nil of the glass name; in the windows. Then they
rode away. My tether, the Rev. Earl Little, was enrniwii
when he returned. He decided that they would we-it until
I was bo:'r1--which would be lonn-~e.nd then the hull]!
H-ould move. ..,Ll I em not lure why he nude thin decision uh: umct e irlehtened .92le|-ro. u most then were, and still Ire
today. My father Wu A biz. eix-loot-four, very bllck men.He had only one eye. I-low he had lost the other one!!!
never have known. He was from Reynolds. Gm, where hm
had nished the third or maybe the tourth grade. Amonl
himself and his nix brothers he had seen tour or them die
of violence, three of them in the South, killed bY Whltl
people, lnclucliru one ol them hung.
What my lather could not know was that ol the three
remiltllfl-5, includlne himself. only one, my Uncle Jim.
would die in bed. 0! illness. Northern White police wereOwn StI'UI|Q9._Q"d Re vealiny -YULCY
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I IIQJIVIII Ill-311 en Ill! mind that I Ion!!! Q3 if
o ea. I have done all that I ea: in be orepere
1 I was my rather: seventh child. Ha had by a previous
merrlaze tlriree. E111, Earl and Mary, who lived in Bostoh.
In Philadelphia he had met and merried my mother.
Their rst child. my oldest mo brother, Wilfred, eh.
born there. They moved me Philadelphia to Ornal-|s.
where Hilda and then Phllbert were born, and mm l1
was the next on in line.
The family waited. as my father had decided. and
my mother was is when I was born on my ie. ms.
l_h Omaha hospital.; Loise Little, my mother, who was horn in Grenall
in the British West Indies, looked like e white worn -1.Ijer lather was white. - W
53" 1111! B1"! heir. and her accent did not eoundi
like a Nei'ro's. Oi this white devil tether oi here. I know
nothing except her shame about it. I remember hearinl
T"-'1' 58! hit 8318 We-I lied that she never had seen him.it was of course as s result oi him that I dot my reddish- mr1ns" color oi skin. and my hair oi the same
I new up as the lightest child in our house. Out in
the, world later on. in Boston and New York. I was for
years insane enoush to ieel that it was some kind oi
status symbol to be light sompleadomed. Now. I hate
every drop or that white rapists blood that is in me.!
We neat went to Lanslhl, Mich. A house was bought,
and soon my rather was doine !ree~'ianee Chrlstien
Baptist oresohins in local Nesro churches, and duo-ins
the week he was moving about, spreading the Garvey
teeehinis. He had begun layin: the ioiindeiion for the
store that he had always wanted to own when. as always.
some stupid local "Uncle Tom" Negroes bezan iunnellnl
everythins they heard to the local white people.
ON '1!-IE NIGI-Il"M.&F.E 1929 night which is the earliest
vivid memory thst. I have, I remember belns suddenly
snatched awake in to a nearly petrliyina confusion of
pistol shots and shoutins and smoke and tlornes. My
lather had seen and shouted and shot st the two white
men who had set lire to our house and were rurminl
away. My mother with the baby in her arms lust made
it into the yard before the house crashed in, showering,up sparks. The pouee and remen came and stood arotmd.oI iiL" .2
J§;i_q9_ther was as sears old now. She was var!shook up. some kind oi a lentil! routine lot ilnl amn.And tor as lone as the rst insurance money lasted. wedid all risht. when the state welisre people Newonminl to our house, we would dome home irom schoolsometimes and nd them there tellcms with our mother-
ukina» a thousand questions.they were aetlns and looking at her and us and11-email ti -ell house in e. way that had about it thegetting that we were not ovle. We were inst thin;
that one ail. '' We swiftly beam to so downhill. The physical down-|-lyg "31 u quier, as the psychic. My mother war.eboye everything else, a. proud women. and it took lie
toll on her that she was accepting charity. And herieelinss communicated to us. and among us children. It
didn't help ray when I heusn to set caught stealingsnacks tram stores. and the eeliare people began to
some on me. _ -The state oeoole saw her wenkenlnz. That was whenmeybegen the definite steps to take me any thorn thehouse. They began to tell me how nice it was loin; to
be at the nearby G-ohsnncss home. where the Gohanneeemi! their nephew. "Big Boy. and old Mrs. Adcock allhad said how much. they would like to have me live with
them.when finally I did go to the Gohanners home, at
least in a suriaoe way l was glad. I would return home
to visit mm oiten. and saw how the state people were
tine plans to take over all the ohildren. HI mother
teed to herself nearly all the time nose. The court
or lere were ei|ned._!insl_._i1. 'I'5_e;_oooh her so the state
rn tel hdeilltal in Kalamazoo. My mother is still In the
I GUESS I MUST HAVE had some value idea that ii I
wererft In school, rd be allowed to Just live at the
Gohanness and wonder around town. stealins and
loaiins. or maybe get a Job ii I wanted one. But I sot
rocked on my heels when a state man that I hadn't seen
belore some and got me at the Gol'.armess and took me
down to court. They said I was eolns to the detention
home It was about ii miles Irons Lansing. Mich. I was
13 years old. The detention home was where ell boree
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,_.Jihe-shite tide there were friendly. 8om.6dy;'1i't-
oludlnl the teachers, wee cl-lllnl me nigger everywhere
I turned. but it we-I my to see that they didm meamany
harm. "The nizeer.-" in tact, was extremely popular. I no
unique. the only one around-you know what I mean?
Every Sunday 1 "1" to Sunday achool end church. There
was no black church to eo to. to I went to the white one.
In Mason High I I'll elected the elue president; It
ehoeked me. More than it did other people. I oee it o'er.
My trader were among the hiihesl in the achool. I was
iovelnmyoias-s.lileaninkooodle.le|aoot|o "to' that! -an't proud. t
Alone toward the end oi that year, our father: lroirn
d ehter. Ella. by hiafiret marrtaee earoe tron Boston tol4na1.n.I. am: vidtinz each homo vhere- my dimoenthrothore and datere were name.-Ina mt not lie had
told me to write to her, and one had euereetod t.hat.Imiaht like to spend the summer holiday vtdtlne her in
Boston. I iumped at that chance.
That summer of I940 I caulht the Greyhound but.with my cardboard euitoeoe end wearing my green suit.
II someone had hunt the sizn Hick on me. I couldn't have
looked much more obvious.Ella met me. She took me home. I1-1e house was org
Weumbect Street. in Roxbury. the Harlem _oI Boston.
aevr. or met. I aupvosl a hundred people whose hie-city;
talk and were iett my mouth haneina open. The oars they
drove! I tried to describe it. when I not he-oi. to Iianstngibut 1 oouidrft. 1 thouzht constantly mot all that x had
aeen.
One dey Mrs. Bwerlin called me into the ltvinr room.She said she tell. there waa no need for me to be et thatdetention home any longer. I wrote to Ella in Boston. I
du km. ho, gm, om it, but ottlcial custody ol me weetransferred from Michigan to Massachusetts. The st-' "12
week that I finished the eighth aw!-e. I train clusht theGreyhound hue. All praise is due to Allah! It I hadn"t eoneon to Boston, probably I'd still be e brainwashed black
Christian.
HIS TIME I WA$ BIG ENOUGH to walk around townT by rnysei! and I iust knocked myrell out. eewldnl..r§Q5mn'5 downtown had the binest stores that I ever saw.gel-id white oeooiee restaurant: end hotelo. Onilhllgeohusetts Avenue. _next door to the boew e State eger;wee the big. exciting H-oseland State Ballroom. Bi! W ITadvertised the nationally fa:-none hands. Fm"! ""1 ml?"-that had been there. I saw that Cumin! Next Week yraa
Glenn Miller.x wanted to nd mmu a sob to Iuwle E111- -0 *"°"
her x could. mostly. one afternoon aomenune told on Wgo inside a. pooiroom whose window I WI! 10°15"! '5h-"°1Fh-Bomething made rne decide to tail to a stubby. dark !e'l-
low who ranked up the balls tor the pool ohym Ind
whom I'd heard dtlterent ones call "Short!-"
And one day he eame outside and our me atondinl
there with my kinky, reddish hair and he had eeid. Hi.
Red." so that made me more thlt he "I "1= <!1!- 1"-ooneotcuoualy aa I could. I went on to the back. "hm
iI!ii!"UI'm'Pt3' looked up et me over an aiimiimnngln-I-hotWe o
he-uee4|-line with the
mtwdoover their tinzeraia been "minted" to make it
allot andatrai¢ht.ItoldhimId app'reoiateiti:the'd tell
uiehowoouidlomebodyeoeboutgettingeiob. Heaeked
whathadIererdone.aod1rhere.Andthetneho1rl:e
Ian-nedthatI'dheenatMaaonHi3h. _
He nearly dropped the powder eon. He hollerel My
homeboy! Man. gimme eotne akin! Man. I'm!t-on Lena-
ingi Pretty aoon we eoundod ae though we had been
ralaed In the eame block. and we were reacting like loneloll brothers. You're my homeboy-I'm going to oehooi
yoi to the haooenihea. I hut had to stand no there and
grtaltleatoohiwaeeeeiadtehearthoeewerda -.I
!iIhun|arotmdinthebeoko!thepoolroom.and
Shorty. I-eetlinl an eye rm the pool ea-mes up at the tahlea,
would run and rack belle, then come back and talk. Be
asked my circumstances. and I told him about Ella and
ell. Bhorty'e job-or slave --in the pooh-oom there. he
Shit!» wee lust to keev ends together while he learned his
horn. A couple of roan before he'd hit the numbers. and
blliht e lxolhone. .
"Like all the cats." he told me, I play at Ieaet a
dollar e oar on the lull number with my main man. Soon
e.; I hit mot, I plan to orzanlze my band, Iet the etude
aome uniforms and emu." Before we went out, he opend
hie saxophone can and ahowed the horn to me. It was
gleaming bran against the teen velvet. an alto ear. He
eaid, "Keen cool. homeboy. some o! the oat: will turd you
no a ilave."
'- when I rot home. Elle elld there had been a tele-
phone call from somebody named Shorty. He had lertio
muse-re that over at the Roeeland State Ballroom. 1.1?ehoeshine boy, named Freddie, was ouittine that nigh.
and Shorty had told him to hold the iob for me.
THE FRONT OP TH! BALLROOM wee all lighted
when I sot there. A man at the front door was lettinl
in members of Benny Goodman! band. I told him. I
wanted to see the ehoeshino boy- Freddie.
' A wiry. brown-skinned, oonked eat upstairs in the
men] room greeted rue. You shorty: homeboy?" I said
I was. I-lid he said he was e friend of Shortfs. Good
old boy, Freddie laid. He on-lied me. he'd jut heardl,u¥t_tho hi: number, and he thured rieht re he quit-
Then he gave e demonstration tn how to make the
ahlne re: pop like a firecracker. By the close of the
dance Freddie had let me shine the shoes of three or
iotir ltray_ drunks he talked min it. and I had nracttoed
olckinl up my speed on his ahoe: until they looked like
mirrors. Alter we had helped the Janitors to clean luv
t ballroom alter the dance. throwing out em myii bottle we found. etuft like that. Freddie wee lino
¢ uihtodrivemeaiithe wayhomotoElLaaoothe
" " in hie maroon, second-hand Buick.
Be looked aeroee at me Some hutlee. new. you
hit got to realiee you're toe new tor. Some cote will ask
yo! tor liquor. eome more tor a 'eti|:k1-eeiera. What-
ever ello they ask you tor, you Just act dumb, ontii you
I-H able to die 'Iho'| a cop. You can make ten. We've
dollar: at danoe roe yourself ll you work everything right.
The main thin: you got to remember in that ;v_ery_thig|
in Herve!!! la a hustle. OK Red?"1.
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_,...ua-unlit two areetl I had ion-nd out that In-e-ode-haddone lee: ahoeahlnlna and towel lmatllnl than aelltnillqtldt and reelera. and oorrtaotlni white "John" foreoma }Ieg1'9f}.rll. Moat of the Itoaeland'a dance: werethoee tor it-litea onlr. and they had white banda only.-me Negro dancer with Reno hand! were only nowand then. me! lam-packed that ballroom. the blackohleta in real any-out all! and aawtln dresses and ehoee.and their halr done in all kinds oi styles. and the ill!iharo ln their mot auita and may and ev Ir-llody grinning and greased and casted. ~§ The rst liquor I drank. tn! lint clzareb. I11 119rst mariiuana--reetera--I can't ooecloally remem r-But 11:1-o'er the! all milled together with m9 11?! 53'-92°°"'mg or-ape, playin: ca-rda. and bet!-lnl tn! illi I '18? 9"the numbers as I started aome llsht hanzhe Wt It HIST-Fwtth short! and dlilamt one: 0'! bl: lrlemla. and. tome-
tlmee. chtoka the? knew.mxeo lzt wean th.is.t1oo.wae mt rst mot out and mlgym m-weerm; of my kinky hair to straighten it. theml-11. shorty had promised to school me tn how mootNu u but me u.roerehooa' three-and four-dollarpcg by making their own clI92lOlen-e," and conklna
themselves onoe they learned how.alert; would tau. me to men. frantic awn" pea-an la altar-ant ehlear and eat-I tIdI~ with '4'"ta arid lilo ,1ok'e§5'i"do!"rr£'t_Lf6I, ye "hue amllisaoled marllluanafor "Juiced back" drank liquor!. Theél51t3lImB¬Iero£lmaaHa!wlne,_thacnali,'e!'IhtIIll
,3 1.;9m|_n;;_ 'h;Q,'| jug to glee a tall! of thl illllthat are talked by eve!'ll'°ne whom I respeoted 111 wldays.! '-Id acquired the fashionable lhetto adornrlhl-Imy zoot auita and a cont: 1 had berm drinkinc limo?aruokln: clcarete and reefers. and 1 wu abeoreina a lot
M the "hip" dlaloiue.You woo'u:>z~:'r HAVE ammo ll. was me. Gotcha goooood haaaaamae eheeeeeeao . . . tand-
Iilcheal" Coee! Candy! Cake! lee cream!"Rpqkl along the tracks every other day for tour-F ' L .2 l
If-'iIl'i'e'I'Ho Negro plaea at lmslneal had av !v_e_I,rreqolma an much. Around the bla, luxorloaa-looking on-ealaabar orobablr were ll or 40 men. or neatly men, and aeo-
aral romeo, drinking and talklna. e 1
From then on. ever! layover mam tn Harlem. I ea-olored new plaoee. I first mt a room at the Harlem THC;because lt wee lesa than a block lrmn Small: Paradlal.Then I got a room. cheaper. at a roomlnl houaa wheril
moat of the railroad men stayed. I _. al. I hunt in small: and the Braddock har to much thatthebartendera berm to pour bourbon. my lavorite brandof I11. when ther saw me. And the steady customera in bothvlat ea. the hustlers in Small: and the muelclana and en-tertainer: in the Braddock, began to call me Red. the
nickname that my red cont mode natural. I know. 4
My rnuolcal mend: were or the caliber of Duh EhHeston: rreat drummer. Sonny Greer, and that treatpereonalit! wlth the vlolin. Ra! Nance. Pay: the onewho tans that wild "seat" style. that "bloc-blop-bl»bl'0p-bla¢lJloo~b1am-blam--" Remember that? And people
like Coolie Wllllarne: a little later on Pearl Bailey am:with Cootle. And Eddie Mr. Cleanheedl vlmon; in theBraddock he'd am me about hla eon!-he had nothlnaQ9 there but;-kin. I knew cy Ollver; he was married to aklnd.ot reclzlrl. and they lived up on "Surat H111. and
he did a lot of arranging for Tommy Do:-ear.By that time. on the Yankee Clipper, they had a.llughine bet zoinz amen: the waiters that I wasn't eotna
to lest. Because I had so rapidly become such a wild youngNegro. rd come to work. loud and wild and hall high oi}!either llquor or reefers. and I'd stay that waf. lammliif
sandwiches at people until we got to New York. l
or: the tram re in throuzh that Grand centre!Station alternoon rush hour crowd. and man: peoplealmply stopped in their tnolu to watch me oaee. Thedrape and the out or a root mil: ehowed to ire beat ad-gantare ti you were tall. remember-and I waa over sixIt
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-w=H'!!-SMALL! practically in the center oi-4-lien!-a.
thing happening, waiting tables there was Seventh
Heaven seven times over! Charlie Small had told me
not to be late! wl-or. what was he talking about? I was
so anxious to be there. re arrive an hour early! Inside o
wee: I don't know who liked me moat, the cooks or the
bartenders.
and the customers. who had seen me among tliem
around the bar. recomizina ma now in the wa1t'er'a
acaet. were mrprlsed, pleased, and -they eouldrt haveeen more iriendly. Recoenizin: that by New York terloaIt atlii was Just axrllck. they belan to school me.
Plain-clothes detectives were quietly identified doate, by a nod. at wink. Knowing the law people In t1he
area was elementary for the hustlers, and, like them.
in time. I would learn to sense almost the preaence rot
any police and agent types. And added to the civilianones then in 1942. each of the military service! trio
civilian-dressed "eyes" and "ears."
Every day, all otrmy tips-as hlzh as $10 a day--+Iwould gamble on the numbers. and dream oi what .1
would do and buy as soon as I "hit." The straight mm.-ber chances oi hitting were a thousand-to-one. but Foul"
chances could he increased by what was called comi-
blnating." For example. six cents would put one penny
on each or the six possible combinations of three digital.
Take the number B40. say. "Co:nhl.nated," it would cover
810. BB4, Mil. -I08. 480 and 084.
1 The daily small arms oi "runners" each sot lo pertent of the money they turned in. along with the set:
51155. to their con1ro1let's." And ii YOU hit. you fill!not runner a iii per cent tin.! A controller might hove
as many as 50 runners working ior him. and the cip-iroller cot 5 per cent or what he turned over to the
"banlcel-s." who paid oil the hits. paid of! the police.
and. oil the balance. lot rich.
1 should atresa that Small: wasn't an! haven for
criminals. I dwell upon hustlers hccattse it was their
"world that fascinated me. Actually, or the night-life
crowd, most of which the huallera recarded aa square. Small: was one of the two or three moat deeoeooa ulthlspots that Harlem had. It was formally reeommemlei bythe New York Olly Police Department to white people
who would ask where was sale to so in Harlem-
when I had been around Harlem Iorll enouah to
show signs or permanence. it was inevitable that 1 was
going to get a nickname that would identify me berond
anv contusion with two other red-cooked and well-ltnown
i'Reds" who were around. I had met them both. o. One was "st. Louis Red." a nroicsr-loml armcd l'=1=-bet When I was sent to Prison. he was doinl: some titheto; trying; to stick up a dining-car steward on I. tr-a'§l
izetween New York. and PhiladelP?1|-I--
The other one was "Chicago Red. In a speaiteas!where I was a waiter later on, he was the funniest dish-
washer on this earth, and we became good buddies. Nowhes making his llvin: oelna fwlrllr ls I nationally known
stage and nightclub comedian. dorrt see any reason
why olfl "Chicago Red" would mind me teiling_mg1._hg,.
'!§"'R2llo l=ox::."i-~
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,.......a.nywa:r. before lone. it happened. Diiterauaanwnle,
knowing 1 was from Michigan, would ask me what city.
Since most New Yorkers never heard oi nicktown Lansing.
I would say Detroit. Gradually, I beaan being called
Detroit Red"-and it spread, and stuck.
4 One afternoon in earl! 1943. beiore the rezulsr six
o'clock Small: llustlin: crowd had gathered, this real
Georgia-looklnz black soldier sat drinking at one or mytnbles by hlmseu. He looited dumb and pmlul. and it?
war. because oi that why I did one ot the dumbest thinzs
I crer did in those years. The next drink that I served
this soldier, I cent over close wiping the table, and askedli
mm if he wanted company.
I knew better. It wasn't only SluaIJ'a Paradise law,
it was every taverns law. at least if it wanted to stay
in business. not to {et involved with anything that could
he interpreted aa impairlnl the morals of servicemen.
Big trouble had been caused by this for dozens o! places
aome eren well known places had been put oi! limit: hr
the military, and some even had lost their state or eliy
licenses.
And I had stlckered myself right into the hand; ot
one oi those military "spies." Why. this black tool of me
white man said he sure would like oorne company so
zraterullr; he even had a dumb Georgia. accept! And I
eat-e him the phone number oi one oi my best friends.
I gave the fellow a hail hour to have gotten there. and
then I telephoned. I expected what the woman said to
me, that no one like that had been there.
I didn't even so back out to the bar. I just wont
llriizht to Charlie Smllfa olce. "I lnat did aomethlng,
Charlie." I laid. I dot-rt know why I did it ----" And I
told him what I'd done.
Charlle looked at me. "I wish you hadn't done that,
Bed. We both knew what he meant,
when the West Indian plain-clothes detective,
Charlie B31!-5. came in, I was waiting, when wg mg, cg
the 135th Street precinct, it was busy with police in uni,-.
1*}-"=11. inflected that two things were in my favor: Id l
rwver given the police any trouble, and when that hlggk.
our soldier had tried to tip me, I nag or -gd 31, W,-,3. mg
told lllrn I was lost doing him a lavor. I saw some other ..
detectives SIG!-l'!lUl1l.hili¢ with charlie Bans, me. I mink
that when these factors were, ¢u;¢u_;;¢q_ may me, Q:
aareed that Charlie Bel-in should lust scare me.
Even more bitter to take than the lust getting tired.
their -barred me out oi Smalls, I could understand. Even
1I_ I '='=-f»r-'l- actually what was called "hot," 1 automatically
was going to be under surveillance now; the bmthera hag@UtDl;1l-Cit; their; business. I wasnt a qualied huge; 5
?¢-- H11 _wrey had become schooled in the co¢e._1 E351? ""5 Bl! ml Own again. 18 years old. m '
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II , W12;-I . IIIby Blur!: amum in LA.1:
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JMLCULN X RITES
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urdered Leadtt of am 1:
Euloqized as Believer
Q Brotherhoodoillan _-, -5 I: ____,.,.,..----
gwcé emu IS HEAVY
1:-.
Pack Chiral!--Thronqs
Outside Hear the Iloslem
Service Broadcast
Iyl!ABNAl NOLD'H.u1eulmX,cb!ackmonJ1-htwhonadmurlqroelthcy
:gustmaei'-vio!em:e1v1thvtn-
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brick um moon tenements
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1:nthsirme~u:sPI5-
_-1 'nupo1|o¢wI'0|.l1over--on
5% qatreltaormerson -'
5" A-venue. wklcbbsd-lynched all for lntc
jjanm to 1mo.su-oer. Ind
Fithlvoofs. .
2"i'I'h-lnesvi-olwnsgcheduiabdtv
nun u mo 4.11.. but Kw
_];¢p.ntormtogcn-theesstsidn;- Ammmm .Lven_ue Uuee~£faz:Iu.rl£er|.smar¢t-I161?-0!*.Q5Sl.lll themselvel ICU-3 mi -
I; One, John mm. 1 46-year-
j;,'um»:=rwu.rmg a1e°Pi-"1;-_,gm;pu1boxbst.|aLdo¢Ia1oo1m
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mm; '
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roar of the dour; reporterlsntlphot -
md television osme -}l1:$e beneltb t omurals c scenes. 92 111: at Chr!st':m'¥l:c tune:-mi
-was broadcast u it wok plcce
'_on IN'.B.C--TV.. Tbe church was ughted by
-elgbt ceiling xtures. each oneTruqnbling A mosque. which Mdfbeenl there since lt wss s movie
mu? tn cotn stood el ht 2. Aqwnd e _ r
rsmoz-med pollcqnm. and to the
llde were two zmliormed po-ucewpmen. An wen Neges.1»fs.loo1m's widow, Hrs, tty
-B .3-It In le second row.
ju. N police pldnclotbe; ml-n
-011 at I r side Of her.
3 Albania at cu-uliou
I Theft WIS one H011! tribute.
-carried in by the usher; s 2-
; y-5-toot grouping at blood-red. lions, -min the sm and
- t of Ishun embossed pnhe cunattons. 1
. mm Mrs. sauna.I-ddafesseo. to E!-I-{:52 -Hsjj "is the pref
.31 believer who vlsits
-Meccl, .I.n M1111: was M41-J _ nab, ...E Pom Oms: Oman. or the
Ounterolwitzerll-mltnd
"theUnitld8t1l:e:,whohs.dn.id
312! Ila one of lhlooinrs tach-
ierl. told the mourners: "We
knew brother Malcolm as n
blood brother, puuculu-ly mugzs blip-image to Mecca lastst.
- The highest thing tbs s
slam can squire to
'0 the battlefield nu}
be4i;ide,"bcsa.ld
I Those who die on the bst:Je-
e ore not dead. but are |.!1ve."_
.~'1here wu more 1 has andshouts 0! right, "ght," {mmLhe mourners. "
- Whe the rlte wag proceed-gg In.-ode. 3;! crowd continued.grow on e. I' A_ white 3111 In her mid.
20$. speaking Mth an English
-accent, SIM of Malcolm: He.
wss I. fudnltlng man--1 re-
marlmbly tssclnstlng man.
That: why I'm here. ' And Mn. Ludc Levvy. 1
Negro. of 282 unox Avenue;
aid: "I'm paying my respectsto the grentelt black mm In;
this century. He: i black mm.don't say colore92L" I
' ext to her, g; in Lhgi
.eo1 _ __|.not.ber. wuzso:e&§:gE§%$%§
TfIs genius, 5 ..
-He diet! for w ' .
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ib0-1=rr92:*gml:aunca.!.l!nglt-lelt Concerned glatheru nu
widow sud '£¢Ia.; children:
"11'mu Irina mung to mntlme
cl:; player; Diék Gregory, the
";l¢tive 1nJcMl 1-ikiéu dmomm-3ti ; = . -3}iegantive -".§ ,§',";' 3-,-a,£J1.tIe, was shot down Sundayiee Box 1024. chureh Sweet
Billion, Newi York City. '
_ Under MOS§em law, Maleolmj
_me=-mwmnégowumtuqnaay
_nlght., but hi; widow delayed'the funeral tog give aeverll M-,rlu.n laden pm: to y here.
; Among omen: attending thej
CE! weznklames Fa.r:n:r,jnal! directpr of the" C0n~j
. at Racial quality; Bayard;
:1 ustln, who organized the civii.
guts much on Washington in-
oes; Wally Dukes. me amm-
Negro comedian who has been
dent Nonvinlent - Coordimtingq
}CommJtt.ee, uni Jesse Gray;Harlem mu su-H5: leader. -
- Alter Mir. Dam: eulogy the.1-qr
tina:,_:;|,_n -grwp 1.: Past Q:-J.. .'::=.sIuz cemetu-y.-ia....H:ns-.-daie. The hearse wus followed,
by sevm limousines and about}
_30oth:rl92it0moh11es. _
;* More. than 250 mourners;
Jllbfpwearing 5 brown elonk and;b1n.ck-handed white turban, ee-i
liver Maslem prayers at the:
ignveside, md men six tollow,[en 0! Maicclm shoveled bnmlgl
earth onto {he coffin. S ;!
. Malcolm: grave will 1
mu-ked only by 1 bronze plat .
14 by 2-1 inche-1. ush with the
Hunt I1 Still On
The 39-yea:-old cult-M-. whose
original name WI: Malcolm;
afternconjt a rally oi nu fol-,
lowers Ln. the Audubon Ballroom-.
Broadway and 166th. Street. in?
Washington Heights. I
brie! re er: said for eve J TV" mm ha"""b°*n mtmiKoala: J hL1.deat11 were ;§§f=;=a;<:hu:=d with we alarms-1toned by Alhag ge55_um;'!hey are Talmadge Hzyer, 22,Jube:-o!A.n.sI.ro§ Is1am.Ine.,e92;92"h° W8-1 Wvdi ii? GM ?!{XIII-Lg Negro tram El1zabeth,1fM~l1¢°1mB b°¢Y£'"3"3-8 mm 'vainly after the shooting, amtSome qr Ma.1ea!;n'; @195; gy§NOI'm8.n. Butier, also known
aociat-es and his widow and sis-if
ter, mm Mu Co11i#u or Boswn,»
men. ied past the coin be-;Norman 3X. a husky karatepert. who was I- Blxck Muslim?
8'9211'd- Ilore 11, was closedlfor- the hsh Malcolm had detected irmntime. The two rqunen "wore.-the Black Muslim: last spring,
1-.-I-1-eh mourning eloau am!
were heavily veiled. 1'Malachi: may nu puma!lndthepolicebelieve Lhatthis
ddecouirubehindthoarbell-.'inlIi:!=t~nnd-dlrl»lb!ulhnu'st: !1:!arel me: m!-Ilrihdngkimmmpmmmmnumnmnsm-mmmm- i
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- On the sidewalk outside the Unity mnenl Home where
Ildoolmlllaj-meoo|meroo£lnlaetweek.e1oun|Ne:fro
wne:>eakin¢eboutb1aeknet1one11nn."rhlstatheon_1r
"ooeble I problems. he aid.
"Bro meenn aeron. He :
es ion: as there! a
e word: rm not dial"
htnuell Commohe. we}:
dwithtnelewmlnuteeeemetl
1! nu voloe began to me. attract-
50 policemen who guanled the em-
ome. "Move along bugidy, the Ihlte
tly. Fleue 4ont block the entrance."
Neero. in the bunlo-ekin leoket moved
wax-d121th so. he oontlnued to meek. hi:
tramnl alone behind bun. The white man 11-
d. "And when White"! let: ener! 1011 ll!
home rue on his forehead. The block men
do without Whitey. We lot to do for our-
to stop dz-inkine and at-up llnorino and atop
man abuse our women."Y8
FAM_ILLut STORY d2; ll - 7-.~-' .=-<~'=o..-.-='§--;'-' . "' "'~"."." . -92-4: '"_=:?.Tf2%"¢""""=*-'*" '" - " - . . _ =. »' .: ~ . ~" -' ' - ' " - -- . . - ,. .- _ 92 __ ' _ Qnilli _ '
.The * Hone to Maléolnfs Mallg a
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Qwe-1 :~,.92.t
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92
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92
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ggumber of
pamethe em h.aa
Unit! "
' "5 _ f iiariythihr. -llot htjumseil.
7 ,-- _- 92 -.
, Q. 92. _0
A mu: mumiihn " mu"{:raet'm'ma. ohms W etamedllareaa Garvey
Ian-rm In Harlem no;
ptnxtorahachto-Attica
t.&ho-
arouoa
whlte,
imprint
we hmte
Ameriean dream. ea . aeem. Ano
vetroublenu-r}-at Iabeeanaeotthe dee
hnpeieaaqeae In le aqaelqaog they nan: hand.
b
Qh mid
00155] . WU
w w~ooUoeeeeemanw»1m~w¢
Iahigtreenethmezinln-.?a»Io la.-ll'l:l'l'I ta Bond ahieeh aaamltream -whleh. in omnletzty independent o!
whites. we believe that we can make Harlem a community
Instead or the ghetto it has been for all the years we've
lived here. '1! we are':ueeeaatu1.we think block; and whitea
will benet. It we tail. thta ooontry "rrtll become a blood-
hath. We are for ireedom, and hry___wh'ateYer means neces-
aary. That: f-he lesson. we learned from Brother Malcolm:
Jreedom. By whatever mean: neeeeearyi"
ilr. Naeenra Black Brotherhood is new, but other or-
ganizations have been around tor ream.
The Nation o! Islam. whoae Leno: Avenue headquar-
ter: was destroyeo by re Ian. week after Malcolm X waa
1| undoubtedly the lament and beet-organized
black nationalist Iroup since Garvey, No one know: how
hie it,-See but there are probably more than 1,000 member:
in New York City. -
Often. when one think: ht buck natlorsallam. Jame: R.
Leweoh camel to mind. He ha-I been around a Ion: ttme
takklnz and nreeehlna the virtues or black n.attona11s1n.
Mr. Lawson. who says he Ls 46 or 47. la a quiet, eel!-eaeinl
man who operates somethlnl sailed the Harlem Council
for mvelopment. Each week he nuts out a news
bulletin that cams the line o! his United Arrlcan
Nationalist Movement.
"We believe that the United Btetel. should nay-ti
I
But I
, to the
mos develop
lened aeams
respect among
derebv their
ot lntlepeneb
Z.
C
reevaluate his
are diictllt to dlaluad
notion that he ehanae hla outlook
=4 By apy menu neoeaaary."
WORKED FOR A WHITE
on oi them are_rea1.|y cream:-atlone in name only.
have mehzherahloa or only 10 people. othera aa men!
. R1! have oleee with telephone number: and many
, 1: leader: operate tron: hmchrooma or from attache-
Bome meet in a "member: aoartment and a few hold
,their meetmu on meet cornea, while atl othen meet
at Leyia H. Ml¢h.lIl.X'a famed bookstore, which ta often re-
{erred -to aa Harlem! black nationlat hndquartera. For
£1"
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. g--n-an -
',*"NI$'Y 0! the paper: hm-'en_'£ unrl'rst:r":! nhat KIA!-
. calm. I meent of-_ ell. They have reduced hie del'_1-l
ot e ounel sermon about '1-Ie who lives be the word mmdle by the sword. That proposition doesn't bor.her.t.he edi-wmum when it comes to Iilroerurno or the nuclear de-
terrent. But ll: useful for lgnorln; the reel elmiileenioe
of Mllwlm. -
Tlulveekezwuaratnuetlmvrhenlmemoet
brllllent strategist or the Negro movement. e plclst and
an erdent proponent of non-violence. ' -
I don't went to pretend um our dlerenoel __d1d 110'!
exist or that they were unlmnormnt. one time at the
Community Church in e debate I told him that his point
ct new led to ml. to exile or to eeeeainetlon.
"And the terrible tron: lo. that tor ell/abe talk eooue
violence qelnat I-he whites. ll la Nezrou who ere holed.-
'I'het': beclluse. leevlnz ell queslloru ol morollty aside tor
the moment. e 10 oer cent. Negro minority can't deteet e
white mnlorlly which controls the mlloe. And so the true-
treuon which Malcolm lillllbed could not be chmnelod
outward ea be demanded. Bo it" went Lowe:-d. to Meleolm
himself." -
"But." Rustin continued. "to uee this plane pletltude
about llvirm or me sword end dylnr by the sword 1| not
only to mm the meaning ot Malcolm. In to nmrentee
Um there will he more violence." . '
Malcolm wee nude enzry and violent. Elle mother
wee roped. his tether wee lynched, and he went. lnbo the
streets eelllnz dope end women end running numbers. He
rose ebove that. but he couldn't leave that world oom-
Dl-¬l!. He bmulhl. pert 0! It into l-he Clvll I?.1el92l.a move-
menrtnd it ended up by killing him. At gm end. he
seemed no be oreeklng with Lher. pea end movln: toward
en lntegretlonlet position, which mules his death ell the
more horrible. In en: cue. Lt Melcolm ls not e hero or
the movement. he is e trezlc vletlm. He d1d.n% choose vio-
lence. Vlolenoe ehoee him. l
§_Ruet.ln me lone lo the heart of the matter, And this.
I tote lt. lo whet James Baldwin wu sayinl when he told
reporter: who asked tum about Malcolm! death. "You
killed him." For Meloolm no e child or the ihetto. B1 lo.
he knew more violenoe mm mos: civilian: meet In e ille-
tlroe. And. u 1'-lustln eleo pointed out. he spoke e tamer
tr-um that ever: Nerro. no matter hose much he qgeig,. All mron
H§R:ElN cs u.-._.~lss|r|£0on.-. c-1'
4
CLIPPING FM £4.14-/4.6 1@I*=>H..%ZZ;Q§7 ~ _ .-e---
. om_~Z1_éf ........---
- FCR?-HRDEI1! or or oxvzszon
nor rmronozaa or NI DIVISION /.__ _ -
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in Q C-P G -
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rm homlllel en put 01: Innerwhich Ailerice doe: not understamtend munéwho are poor. People tendan middle-ell.u92 white! in diswruise and11:1 emeem w§mt.emponry don't haveBrotherhood pauper: the _mm dun white11 dips them In ma llaht ciwoczlehe wash.!: look at someone like Melcolm "end Judietemavel were 92n eomI'urt.n.b1e. happy ee-
chnlee 0! violezfaee. _
born mm the ulnderwurrid, and one whichbroudlt his awn. mm down on himself.
leut es mueh the respomibility 01 ncl-emme It And at the end. he nip! well have been twin:be do somethlnl that In people ever achieve: ta rise enm-pletely above the premise: end denampuom 01 ml amid-
heod and south. . . -Blnrd Rusg last wordpw me were the moltnaumms. Al lens n they don't understand the alum:end the violence that mede Mela 1m, u Ion: u they let.those thins: so on. there w} be92 more hatred and more?deem. And the good citizen: wmlbe bewildered-and theywill oensole themselves um he who Una by the en-0rd,.dies by the sword. And the! don: rv-n r- '*--~ M *1-him,Amwicane have been living by the '-'1", 1 e .1. .= r-. w
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lé6lm*X:leQvi@¢ Dignity. _- _ -.--¢ I; - v . ,~ -%._ _ »~ ,-.- ..~ - - ~ __' '51-: *- -%.=se~:::~=~.»-=-we-l»*e-we-*1--l~
By Diet scnaap '1
Of The Herold Zfribame Sfc '
Betty Little Shabazz, dressed lo. black, her Zeno
hidden behind a heavy veil, pregnant with her mm
child, walked slowly to the bronze coin. She stopper!
in front or it. shook her head, blt her lip and wept.
Then she Xe:-_'1ed Iorwru-d a.nd_presse:l her lips against
the glass surface shlel~:ling'tl1e body or her husbapd.
Malcolm X. 0nl:i his face, 'ajli.h the goaee.
was visible; his body was wzepp-ed entlrely in wieilte
linen. One women moaned loudly. Another slzrleked.
Betty Sl1abez.z.turne<1 back to he: seat, bee: to the
three spacial policemen guarding her and at mlaa
yesterday morning, the lid or his coln. closed on
Malcolm X. - " ' - '
The strange nae;-netiem oi 2-Zaicolm 2, who lived,
39 turbulent years. some as a. cr1::.ina.l,'t:'.e lest fewas a. rervld Black Netiouellst, was still strong at lg
funeral yesterday, six days after he was shot to ea.
while addressing a group of his followers at the
Audubon Ballroom on Broadway and 166th Street.
funeral brought 1,GOO people !r.to the low, plain
building Of the Faith Temple Church of God in Cm-istl
on Amsterdam Avenue and 1e7th St. Es funeral
brought at least another 2,030 people into the streets
around the church, where they stood, quietly Ind
reepectiully, behind police barricades. .
And hL'r1unera.l brought hundreds or policemen,
probably as many ln pl:-=.lne1ot.hes as in unlzorm, to
the area, feartul or another burst o! violenoe, iearlull: u
- we
1
a
-92
comm emu m
lo: .
Eomosr '
Peon 4 i
FGZWARDED B! ll! DIVI5I0!i
nor mwonoen ex nr nIvxsIos__§____
<'1:l::'H£!e division-boost!!! the followers or MalooB!."Z"""'Z£ r
I
C
4ALL»lNFO!?!.lATl0N coNTAmEo HERE .192.:LASS|F|ED so
QAT BY %4@
/ 0 4...
-£Am1§T
Sf-RIAUZED1'/£0
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92
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1up-' he ' i "' 5 "
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--ware
and the . lag nghrminuei-.
'1heoeeee'::oeioiini:'e:eoeiend_irto!eooe'el:lI"-et. _ ., . . _.92
thenmereleeeeioedeioilihell-iailerHItothe1l'Io»'
ouxiconetnqinlnrhmeh-It-_t.¢'inih~h!l=Irr -.mon1oeett§ieereveem':oupA!ed92ohuhdredeodtiIeieliI§- '
View
The bomb threetl
perioo when lleiooirlfe
treated eome 30.000
mote. three eeold end
one Dem. the eothor
funeral eerexnoniee. He epoke _impressive dienite. end while he eulolined lnicoim I. iyho
hedheenhieirienmhedidnotvlliupouemotionloreell
for retrihuttom He coiled lnlooim X "e Prlb. Om W!
hleckprinoethodidntheliilietodteheceueeheleueeo." - - . _ V .
. Meioo!mI.oeidllt.Dl1il. I01l1'I1lh00¢-Q91lmne hieek manhood. Show oi-"Yet-h. Ind "R3118" '
echoed in the church end in ue etreetl. where the over-
ow tron: the 1,000-cepeoity church hoe:-d Dorie omloudspeakers. In honorine him." slid Ir. Devil. "e hmbr
me beet in ouroeivee" And then there I'll lP911l92il¢- A
Heriem me never produoed e braver, more nllelit
youne chexopion than this Mm-Amerlcut who lie: heiorie
us now. unoonouered mil." aid Ir. Devie. "Broth: Met-colmwumoetmetieuiouelnhieueeoieoroerioonekneuy
hetterth.ehhethopo1Iero!wordl....Hehldli-0iIDlheT
m|_eNeeroyeereeeo....Meiooimvuhigeertheo
that . . . lnicobh had become ea Arm-Mnerioeu. end he
wentedeodeepereteiztoeeeehiepeopiebeoolmhlrn-'Azoericehe. too." '
Mr. Dom deco B11108! 9-0 ln
1-nioolm I eeelnet end resin. "_i'i:erwiteiiuetorevile v "neeeiiiteii-oehe~
wueienetioehderecist. 92ri£iuk:'Did7011eeerteik to_ Brother Meloolml Wee Yer enooietetl Iiih I-Ii!
violenoe or puhi.ic.dieturbence?"
Miznevie eoapheleed thetsinceilelooimllettthe
Block iilueiim movement end "mode his P1181111!-III to
Mecee, he hed come to believe. increasingly that men of
diiierent color mold lire in oeeoe. Another epeeker es
the 55-minute ruoerei eervice. Ahmed Oeemen. heed ol
the Ielemio Center oi Geneve. swsteemna, reinioreed
O1-tie Devin point. "Meicoim never preached en: he.t:ed..
en! leereuiion. my eeperetiem einoe he visited Howe.
aid Mr. Oeemeo. '-
Rub! Dee,-the eetooee who ie llr. Berle wile, reed
eeven} iettere end telerreme 0! oondolenoe thet In.
Sheba: mo received.» Men: oi them oompered Tlblooim
w1ththeCo.n¢o'ePetriceLumumhe. Andeviereedothe ectusl
on die-
llemorium o! He!
; who died nwrtrred
htenment end I9-
tour totboen, or
Allele new
womeneohbed
nimteeoept
1 te1ee1.|io:92eemere.o1eoen<_tr¢II=II'Wl-
heemeoehd policewomen and Melanin! oezeooei |-oerde
vereeutu.-redthrpulhootthezoom. '
¢°1 $§i§4T1°N,F5mLL§P
Thepeopieciueiaeredhzeidethechuxchhedbel
{ether-in; outside ee eerie 116145 e. m. By 5:16. there were
more then 200 people in e line extendine. tour eh:-eeet.
up Amsterdam Ave. end eroond to new Qt. The hendtul
of white: in the line stood out. A leer mourners wore
-Airioen eerb. and may more eon hat:-ekhm hot: and
eoeteee. The crowd out acme: hctlonel iinee. The Rev.
Andrew Young, e top eid to the Rev. Martin Luther Kine
jr. come to the iunerel. he laid. because he happened to
he in toem on other hueineee. He recalled fondly e eon-
vereetinn with Melooim in Selma. 511., e for we-eke no.
"!leioolm.eeid he oouid not eiign himeeii with he." oeid
llr. Yoone. hut he ermoethioed with whet we were
doing. Be mode our work, the work of ell non-violent
ITO!-IPI, -II-tith enter. '
Je:oee'Permer,theheedottheConneeeoiR.ecie.l
lhtillitf. let only two eeete ewe! irom Beard Rustin.
the_orIl_n1o.er ol the 1963 Merci: on Wee-hinlton. Die:
Oreeomfkihe oomedieh, no -in the eudlence. end no no
llieheel; Oietunil. the Nigerien mueielen. Btete Anemia!!-
men Pom Button. who. no Meiooion Lerner. net neu-
the widow end hleloolove eieter, Mn. Elie Moe Collins.
Ileioohlve two Block Huliim brother:--Phbert X and
Wilfred!-didnotoometotheiunerei.The1rwereetthe
Block Muslim convention in Chicago. 92
Top police bran patrolled the Itrecte out-Side the
churoh. Chief or Detectives John I. weieh end Assistant
Chic! I11-liM¢l¢r Jmph Com bed no new intormetion on
the murderereoih- elooIhoI.Teomen hevebeenu-rested
no fer: Telmedee Here:-. who wee eeotured et the scene
oi the shooting, and Bonner: SI Butler, e Block Muslim
whom the 1101109 have eelled IR enforcer" for the sect.
The mnerel eervioe bean at 9:57 e. m.. almost hei!
en hour behind schedule. end nished es 10::-0, when
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BEING AN OLD farm boy myself," Malcolm X onoe, remarked, chickens coming home to roost neverlid make me sad: they always made me glad."I-e said it on Dec. 1, 1963. in Manhattan Center toabout-700 people. I-Ie was talking about the assassina-tlon Q1 John F. Kennedy in Dallas eight days before.lire em-wd lauzhed and cheered. Many had heard"bi: nervy, contemptuous saliie: against the white,hlueeyed devils" often and the tall. lean. handsomeKetjo delivered them with an orator's phrasing andliming. They bheered not only because he dared to-utter oi! their thong-his aloud, but also becausehe was a znan or prestige-No. 2 in the Nation o1Islam, the Biack Mllslima," and apparent heir to theRadon: trail and aging leader, Emah Muhammad ol
Last Sunday afternoon, the crowd In the AudubonBallroom at W. 116th St. and Broadway was smaller-
about 400 altogether. _At about 2:30, Malcolm X--hehld discarded the aumame Little as a legacy from
white iaIaveo'aFnera--str_ode out upon the stage and thecrowd rose,.1-oaring him welcome. "
. Aiter an ovation oi several minutes, he beganto speak, but he waaimmediately interrupted by aaeume between two men on the oor. _ - Now, now. brothers, he called out calmly, "breakI up. Be cool, be mm." _ -- -
- And then the guns began ring. A shotgun crashedat least seven times and two? pistols, a .38 and a A5,aayapped an: spatb9211iets at the man an the platform.He was ' med violently oackward over a row otchairs, mortally wounded. _._ .. The hand dissolved in panoemoniurn, over whichthe anguiahen shriek: or the dying man's wile werebeard aa she dxopped to her knees" ,_at his aide. Mal-_calm X died 30 minute; iater. - .- It was one day short oi 15 months since Dallas.llany hi. Harlan wept, but even whites who thoughtthey knew the strange man called Maicolm X, andiatedor reared him, became somber and uneasy whenthe? beam! of his violent death. - .Who" killed Malcolm! Two suspect; were in poiice-nmody. One, 22¢year-old Talmadge Hayer, wean inze Believue prison wand with a gunshot wound' ed1jy~-innien-a !!!_Qan..4:>l mu m bod '¥92 ur92:1er. i co S
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"1P1'rl%f"8tne1- suspect, Myer:-me Norman mum?
830 Butler, a Black Muslim, was arrested early
Friday. Three more men are beinz sought.
Why Ia: Malcolm H-ft1le<l'.' Again, there are only
guesses. A_t hi; death, Ltalcolm was no longer a Mus-
lim. Suspended and censured by Muhammad [or hismockery at I§ennedya death, he 1e1'.tthe Nation three
months later and termed his-pwn Organlzatioli {orAh-o-American Unity. - - - - _
. In recent months, he] talked less trequently of
Negro tine clubs, oi breaking the white man: neck."Insteadfhe kept tn contzipt with Negro civli rightsleaders, seeming to be anxious tor their approval and
counsel and, perhaps, actrrisslon to their ranks.
He:-aid he expected to-lbe lulled for his detection
tram the Natlon and h-e_wa; said to have given police
a list at persona he feared were plotting against him.
Thus, In the altennath 01.11!!! death in New York,
many were ready to cone! de that the Muslims hadbeen hie executionen, desglite the bland denials atMuhammad, who was preparing tor this, weekend: '
Muslim convention in Chicago.
The atmosphere In both cities was taut. Tao day; after Malcolm: murder, the" main. Muslim moeque '-
h Harlem was gutted by al mysterious lire. Fears l
were exp:-essed_ ol a vendetta; between Maiealxnfe 101- _lowers and the Nation. There were report.-1 of plan: 1
to assassinate Muhammad.
In Harlem, extra squad: pl police patrolled all
reek, as some 14, l1ll 1-nourngrla passed by Malcolmfa
musket in a tuneral home. In Ghicago, a guard equalto that for a President was thm aroundhuhammad.Malcolm: tuna-at was ac-h ttled tor Saturday. but
no one wu certain what mlgnt ganow the qeremoniea.
Some. however, hoped that we last word.1--symbolic
O1 his altering views on the esperate question oi
Negmwhlte relations--might revallzNow, now, hrotgm, let: break It up. 'Ba..mg1,
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E 1q__ggg|1.jLmIm0p|'rauun.'* , - - _ 1 __ . - 92 »é-_ " Hundreds ol extra police-tlfc' h§énviest guard force of a tense week,-massedHarlem Saturday to tone-stall my outbreaks o! violence at the funeral of Malcolm X.-1. ' An army cl police-* is theway one Harlem resident described IL There were-uniformed men, many otthem Negroes; policewoman and stxrangers who were obviouslypmn-clothes menaul oflwhom sut"r0ul1¬,led the Faith TempleChurch of God am Christ,
Hour: ue1o:e'tne pervloe. It
least 200 persons .11ned up withinthe wooden bnrrlera net up toconne the crowds stamped-thcir teet and chive:-ed tn the
morning cold. ___;Even as the funeral tor the
slain Black Nationalist leadergot under way, 1 heavy policeguard maintained its watch on
the Nation o! Islam conventionin Chicago. ' .
Malcolm: one-time mentor,Elijah Muhammad, addressedthe gathering and derided themost tamous detector I1-om the
Black Muslim movement. Nor-
man BX Butler,.ong oi two mencharged in.7tlie murder 6! Ma!-colm, has been identied bypolice as a Bl£lc1t'Mus11m'-
The rst 0! the 1,000 membersthe church can hold were ad-mitted 45' minutes belore the-Mugslim funeral. services zottmdcrway.e A basement audl--.
torium. with room for an-other 390, was not being usedon police security orders. '
On the ground oor oi the
church--a tormer vaudeville
be-u.se_u1d movie thelter-- the
massive bronze casket with I{glass lid containing Malcolm'sibdy lay on a platlorm draped inred velvet befq the alter. _
The oe.922t was brought to
the church elrly Saturday _trom-147th -St. and lined nearby streets".. :
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soon win rju-mu ouuue
H The in or _ _ [still equipped with the wooden;
I--A-helrse escorted by I dozen B-isnopliim L Put .K l£E°i§§rh° L"i.iii °.l. 3 ogiuef-11%-° M °"-W "?.*sa§§°mf;lostreeu about an hour and ailméot lmglig to hunger atmu mu mmmght nude mg eulogy Hehrseid the dead ruin:' .24-bio-cit mp. n-om the mner=l;92;,m11y' end mew atwe .';;=;-';;-;n;° "=-= °*? '°"-*'"_ ° .lLu1e 1.,» rnomeilt to have the. . - . bonductzd along the4 - --P During the week. an eeumete<!;.°='°' °"Y .1- i22,ooo persons mo led by the w'* 1" °? °{M 1m";-?°_ ;; ;. Lcaslcet at the iunerei home. In Th! ¢1"'¬Ym"-5 mm edmm-mernoou y==*=1-wily. 1h=lb=""' " °P- °~ 1* "°l"l°".home win eloeed while sheumllwmb irt, to boll; him!-''==- Ahmug Hu,°um_ '11, common and homeelnoelt wuennouncedlute brlal service todey, lhelth- the rites qouu be held in lthfed the body m 1 white robe. ;TemP92=- -'51! were =-WW5 '1"lcglfglwg on the mourner! convened, P03 ll! ml! "811? heavyLehester County. Police would police were I-II trldd-or tbl"!¢@;1 1'1¢lY 1118'" 92""1° ".1 111°?-~ '. 3/O
5- mshor .
; ,Poator 6! Ftmerll Church '
church to the cemetery. l
. The church service! were to;
being televised. .
Hie Fa.it.b- Temple, termed!jthe Lido Thehter, were reported-ly the only I-iariem church made.fevailahie to Malcolm: tamlly~Ior the !une'rll_rltee. It: 8,003;Parishioners ere ol the I-entel
tostal denonjzimtlon. ' l
ted ot the church--
theater seats upholstered in red
marble walhee_0tlnI- There ere white] end gold windows4on either de oi the huildmi»Above the s are six elunde
Hers oi g and brass. Behindthe pulpit Q green curtain ind"the brass ppel 0! the organ !.
Q "
-Bella"-they believe eenleroutMalcolm: murder. '
Butler, e wiry iterate expert,
*wu'plekedupethllhome.661Rosedele, Av.,- The Bram. and
wu arrested en-ly Friday. The
other suspect is Telnudge Hay-
er. 22, now in Bellevue Hos-
pital: prison ward reoovering
tron: e gumhot wound Allegedly
inicted in the melee following
the murder by one _o£ Malcolm!
bodyguards. " .
The on-est oi Butler. 1 mem-
bet 0! the elite "Fruit of Islam
guard 01 the Black Musliml, in-3
dicated the rst link between
-ill-ie organization and the mur-
-der. although police have been
operating on the theory that
Melcolni was slain lor his de-
"lection trom the Muslims_Tast
year. Bayer has reiused to say
the M11989 WP-11¢! "1" 1"°'n-uewhether he is 0. Muslim.
An attempt by -Malcolm: ad-
llnlreri to impose 1 shutdown
lo! stores along 125th St. as an
"'h0ngr" to the slain Black Ne-
itlonailst was generally unsuc-
cessful yesterday. Most mer-
chants reiused to comply with
requests they shut their doors
from 3 pm. Friday ugtll titer
the tunen.L
Yer -¢ Outdde Blumal-ll:i Harlem rent strike leader
Jesse Grey, one oi the organiz-
les 0! the demonstration, threat-
ened to picket opgn stores 1'11-omleather--is |wh1_1e'-=w==°- whhlrlver to river," but only 22
demonstetors turned out. They
lmarched outside Blurnstelrfl,
[largest Harlem departrnent store.
Owner Jack Blumstein denied
0. charge by Gray that he had,persuaded__ other Harlem mer-
chants to remain open tor
ybusinese. -ii About 15 minutes before the
qsto:-el regular closing time,
Gray moved the picket-1 to a
wig shop, owned by Miss Bunny
Jones, it Negro. Asked to ex-
liplain the shift. Gray replied:
1'. The women is arrogant.
Al the picket; marched, Mlsi92;Jonee epeared with e. shotgun
in the door-my ot the shop and
i the demonstrators celled for her
ierreet, Police tool: no action,
Thowever. '- .
Aithoug-h_ the pieketing was
lhteliecttl. merchant! did re-
92notdlec1gee1nedve.neetherouteiother WI thehnve-men.per1 Ill much l'!¢ @|o--
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' cokey "ind later is -if hatqmopgei against
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; the subdued digrlity-jif-lncienTt-Islamic,;.: _ 1' .5 ; .-_'.,'-. .Y'...." - @._- - .. -
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..C-oylo I111 all on hand. l'her_Q__n mu tmcpul. mo, in ca-
lll shin. _ $1chief! NeAl thimauruan.women, intend, they ml to 55:ut the pollen, nun by one. andsurrender their hnmlbugi for 1
much tor Illpo-n.l."W'henInd [ns in. 1 louzilpeaker axnomacod no more would be 1,mittod, md the other! tithe across u ztrat. é .-
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"n for whet he ye:-1 Qrince,
:,*'"*;$%.:=* -"me =>.:::~ in eltnlte to e usecl ea.
E" Elqlztly Devil denied that_hee_n I acig vho_1-mgmg e e
fiule fut which we efmggle ' adied, Wee he ever involved [n" lmcesor public dil91:der'I"
I No!"!1§esponded the eudie .'. fer t§e- su port of Malcolm!. dove apd ehdten, Devi: aid, ettee Qffcnncerned moth-ers" in leelieihng tends, em! be
tpld u; mom-uen that contribu-tions eoqld be eent to Poet Office
Box 1024, Church st. Station.
= In wlaite burnooee end long
brown owing robes. Imam AlHajj Keehlene lube: recite '
our 'lfakbeere, or funeral prayers.
,. A Tickliel lloqelt '
'beiotreul*tl.921 cofltieh Ill 0 o e c Hr! eii Iere Itlred hypo;' h oi. less and loud yelling inne;-1-1»; mth St.
B Wary; at e possible trick to
Alrew o police, e Iuperior oHi-
cerhekjbeckmostothism.
end net e few patmlmenlnveqafiie. The! rehzmed -e1 fninu _|-l_eter. and reported e--_ineident wee family trouble." 11' "Iheé6if'mI1lp1.|cedi.ti"eeky-blue hind, end the cortege, in-qudinr mourners blpe Hmon-
'1-men, !'5BRI'}'& eutoe and pdiiceem 1 c -_: mos AM. m me}
£9 ' rm: to I~"enu:11§£._ ;
e _. me I50;-in.Fc1_-nclx the
ti 01"-l§00§ dry.-eyed urthe
' 7-ed Ehe Tel n I-Le, ihe catechism 0! Kai?I-Ed . Hqalim mourners :1nnth y-eiud pelm facing be-eun. '1. _ _ _ __ _- _ '
_ ' Finish the J05 ' '
At 1§l:55 AJL it wee all over,
but not quite |.ll.nver beuuse
Ielcelhfs 101107211 insisted on
doing the lat job._ for their
leader.
w Firetf. wit their bereehends.
n vqithcehorele they piled ond i o1-in, the pleas ofh Hllfthe unerel direct ,.
ret I tq the city. . '
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bury A - e me
ii-1 -ea "wan walk.
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_.ll_e5Eite_»_the_ Unerthgfloe Rftuglg
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' ' the
"'41-11-1.13 --~ 3'1=1f!*111.|' _.- - gone la Mecca.
The religion 0! the B1e.n'k_- -- -- _which _M.e.lcn1m eb-,
- - it en edaptedmeoteome
. _ - at Islam ho Ame:-iceh
'1§1i3ua%ui¢ U1 such . uhemmed, e» uelim leader, cells himself;
, "Messenger 0! Mleh. '
' Orthednx Mosieme, however,
recognize the movementIIIIIILOGOZ.
thou!
ihihiti
Bh
-should
the eervl
ore leneeo
-"the eulogies de1lJ
Jloelem prayer: yeetmh
out 01 order.
The
P
Bishop Mviel: Chi! ' pew.tar at the church, hed pi:-Fpered
lame rum.rke tor delivery etthe service end bed distgibuted
copies of them to the press-g
oweter, they were net de-f
vered. The runerhe ended.
y pert 0! their Keith.
out parumhr
theology cl th
the white relies
Islamic doctrines
y, in I Pentecoetall
ureh in Harlem. e Moelem
bnet. simple prayers met,aid for every Rosie!!! et§
death. When he came 1-0 U22.
- . -A1-Iehu .Akher" God
. most greet."-the 40 or 50_
_ In the eudience of 600
. their bend: open at theeldes otthelr geeee in the poi-re l.laoeleted"iv'it.h the phrue.-_ Thlt2umen}vhorecitedthelh:'3.mm . 9 P73Ye13| .5-ml u Jieber Q: Ana: oi"
., we; ebatitutingfur.
e SudaneeeRecia iorj
min; Rel-;
e ee-Tm we} Ifmt ll mm H
Hun wmé, There. eecoreingtowith this thought: '
When one
killed, ell of
caueeweere
esueChrLst."mt hep
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bodice 0! the dnd §the|.r grevee until the Lee; Day,the nay If Judgment.-Op. thie- -4211 - ;ham enema, x. 1., mumemdlr wt wwv the _!!p!92'I-118'are rent endgae moqnteine
duet, the [1-eve;
ce.i1edltoec-
The him1'ed£.h; god!th humble, tn. 2.53.% who heremreutt I had!or fought in religious
1!l.ln-'---ere mmmunedGe:-den oi Paradise.»5
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'N_92an Reading tho Pap7ei'5_MALCOLM X WAS A VICTIM of hie mm enacte-talon; He never reconciled the truth with hisprivate delusions. He via: z petty punk who plctuxedhdmsell as an heroic gure. Even more hie:-edible Bthe attempt to transform Malcolm X into a; martyr. . .
vi um in e. -' Tmquthhththewuthel c ._'- nu: wpr. He tn: 1 convicted thief who .e - eenred 0 eeven-weer st.reich.£or larceny.=-I /r Hewuldomsddmdhpimbim" preached hatred end ta mm. liblack H lg hienrch! _- lp arm mu the n us5*; ; nu not motive-ted. by ldeol u_.92hd11fer-' ¢_ encemttwucebrut-n-iatrun fortbezellt mute end other nit I rcla-I enter-" vriael or-92'ernted In the ildect 5% 1 __ _Bigotry in bi! one ._; 5* lmportlnt to note that mlmfam 1 and the17 Muslim! rejected mtegretlon as oom-;; pom; u the Ku. Kiux xmi. '_ _ * I lorncmw: ms sue: lIU!LIll8,1zelch '
on1!tov1n1enoe.In_u1dIt1nn.:eM92aum.thsve|.eecreta:mJ
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PAGEa?9 W _ ?_ j __________
- FCRWARDED BI mt DIVISION
nor FR.='A.RDE! mt NI nrvxsroq 45 4ti1;
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'_____l1 JOHN G. MI'lCHE1-!r-I
1 Journal-Aaurieea Sufi Ir-in-'
Maicoun Little, the bearded Bl; X of
Harlem, was buried yesterday in I white
linen sheath, teem: cut toward me
holy clty oi Mecca.
F De!-Dlte threat! that the corpse
_ he ttrebombedq the rugeu.-:1- .;T01' tbejviolenel irhI -gagminlued n1eet.muer:ea_n r' cl m T§§7 _ .. * -
11.. wu._;jruuer:__£ rue mu zneral, ninch me I costumed spec-
tacle. _The funeral service was attended by1,000-a1i that the Harlem church couldlent. Many wore renu, African robeeiend you-uhan headgear o! the yearE ~'i;; yqq !.j'~_-fgeg! E_,Ti»:- M4 -;I-n-my-~H ee;,|;:|._u_<!s.»heeFd0819!-'IlP'd'5_1-Jiujl-Ikl. :34: ' lli I-R-311 .s'.'_:"=-_ -'1'And network television . came: o
allowed inside the church-brought the
proceedings 150 millions more. I
For Malcolm, who hid rarely drawnmore than 500 person! to his rallies,aeeue-brought the lamest euaun-of:
1 *=- we -.IPFIK? FRO!!! THE
EIJI'IIO_ 7 *_ __ME 52 ea? 405..
BY N1 DIVISION
HUI Foamznzro sr NI nrvrsxori % _
ALL 92nrom.mo:92' comnani T, .2 ..i' allHE-92 sDAIE T_;1LsZ:,w h £""t'g53
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1 .13 I'll 11:58 em. when the-:m*uime11u1 ex nob. an-1:
I'||:ne!l1!- Cemetery luun
thudded dun: on the bronze
eutet in I mu near Ardaler.
N. Y.. in Weetehener I.
30~mi1eo north of HnrIe.|i:.f
A-women in the Irlvoade
at some no an-1em.,'
the mourners. shovel
it-eopedbecknom the
"then. and 1-med me
- ed "ma to the nun.
It to hen to one and
e shouted. Ila fl-I1i.l..I
in the llll 0! un-
Mxloolllfe follower: bu:-oi
white n-no ¢llIeer_I- Tudn:
:3 diovek they lled the mu
themlelvel. became. u one out
ll. Io won't let White men
bury him. We'll bin him Iirli.
Ill-"
A rust e! icy win!! whipped
over the edce of the hill where
the mourners stood. llied atthe corner of urn. anab_m'||
l block Perln coat. »
Mrs. Shebeul. H11Qo1ml
v1¢e1r.t-umed end walked slow-
]: town-d I wlitipl limousine.
Under thflwer veil. hm Ii!o-11111 nth!!! her cheek. -
A LONG WA!
1.l|.1oo1meJ.so known to hi!
ollowero an A11 Ho} Rik!!!
hue-hoe come n long UL!
hll hillside restlnl place.
Under cover, of du-
eerly yeewrdly, the body I
t.H.rolaqaem. ex-convict d
nding. no eon
by Iron" Q mm-tun-1 to-
92ho_Z!"e£m Temple;-Clmroh_ 0!
God tn_cnn|i.n ma mm-
dome"-»neu1tlth|t.:_ ._
l.'ieol':l__enBoI euIfp_eeo1_I-nhltholaagi uuuui
about at-Berle; ville un-
ill of the loll equl
nnhlthoelnek
HIM telephoned bomb
n-est: hA¢'iooa received
thrmuhthenxehtbytheputor.
-iI'92921v1n492.Chrl_ euptcl-on-92 peekneel"-'*.==nI..v=_n.I -. 1
.¢.""'"°F. ."= . . .Que,» n nluzs um e' "el roller oi-llllll .
{Jul on tloltlv T381 "5'ne'er m, meue; mu byeet It lie! ml it 4"
' has opooln-4 In hnemenl.imois. watched me
qeeueln zmm-Iim-w"-Ion +
I31 e:3o,me1,oo0-putehmn-eho
_I#lfi11!¢.
. -JUST ANOTHIU *
"iii oolteunln at the scene
nld:
f.?"Ae he an n eeneemot;IQ: j
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