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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
AMERICAN FRIENDS
SERVICE COMMITTEE
PART 10 OF 25
FILE NUMBER = 100-11392
SUBJECT; AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE
FILE #2 100-11392 '
SECTION: /0
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' Federal Bu:-eau of Investigation,
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" From time to time there have been incidents arise when the _§1-uerica-I1 Fri¥rVice Committee has been accused as being linked with Corn-zwmism or at least'1~Il eanigsin thIs direction. Only just last week the.Palladium-Ito: a newspaper
Rich.-:.ond, I::d:'..z-.a agcdn :.a:.a such a public statcmentin its paper and this nas
arzain the some old sub-iv-..-1;. whi nh has '|'92anH sq.-.'-.-..." +4--M. 1---..--1-a ---a 4 lltirred no _ _ ___ H- _-_" _,W-__w -__._,,,__b,_ __._
I11... .....1..1a'. _:_. ¢92__-L _;___.5lulu pul-H..LL7 eye. out:-r1 statements always bring further dissension':'Ln'the churche
and of course this ought to be the result if the statements are true. Surely wa
- ought not to support :.:".;,"tl".i. .-'_j that in any way hi;;?,3 a,-'.. being co,-:_;..unj_5ti¢. fig
I q_uite.n'ati1rally.:r_"..zst face the questiu
of persons regarding these statements and I .11-1it_e unable to be intelligent a1
- thee point. I do not know a single Communist, nor do I know of any OIg2Zl2Gti£
; winch I absolutely know to be Co:.'.:unist. I read and hear of this and that 5::-cu:
' ééfalg oi i.3"'.i...=. persuasion out to say I I¢a.J..L}{ snow, I couli not be honest arm so
*92-"say. I know-r._ the Service Committee has over a long period of time done areai
dc: 1 of good for human 1.c..nd but it may very well be that there has crime to this
organization the infiltering of that which is wrong and urchristlike. I could:
tor a moment give any support that would undermine the government or dishonor tl
nae of Jesus Christ and this is the reason for uq; iaring to write to you. I he
I180 the sane criticism of the ational Council of Churches and yet I could not
"prove a statement concerning this organization either. The Friends Church is m
affiliate of this organization too so I an doubly concerned about this matter.
- ' " It would not be my purpose to go about stirring up strife. I am only
lwriting because I am so very bewildered to know what, one r_!;|_!g believe about ti:-;s4
groups. If after reading my letter you feel it would be proper to make some
statement in a reply, I shall be glad. If you feel that you cannot wisely make
8. 92I1'.'1_l'.ten statement I shalljupderstand fully and shall not trouble you mrther
about it. '
,! ost sincerely, '. 51-{Q
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,_ . _ - - Your letter of January 25, 1962, has been
e received, and the interest which prompted you to write is a/= appreciated. , - .
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A Although I would like -to be of service, the -FBI
is an invesmgative agency of the Federal Government and, as
Sac; docs not mo o':al::::tio:::: nor draw conclusion: as to the
character or integrity of any organization, publication or
individual. I regret that I am unable to help you and hone you h
will not infer in this connection either that we do or do not have
in our files relating to the subject of your inquiry
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i-- Enclosed is some literature dealin with the
; - ieneralysubject oi communism which may be oi interest -
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I . , . Sincerely yours,
. ' iI.£dgac Hoover
' * ,. John Edgar Hoover _'
o Director I
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morn: The American Friends
sq;v15;_e_Committee AI-SC!_i_s a pacifist organization, opposinggniélitatrlpreparedness and the drafting of men since it was creagtgilzinh - t
"-*.=.,, _s-r ., . _- - [jot Bureau investigation n ; owever 1 W-19 _.bowie-'.» r*~'-">'=""" - " ""found not to be engaged in any sort of SUbV6ISlVB activities. .-.
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1_f_, .l. _ ,February Qi
J. Edgar Hoover
P.B.I{ Headquarters
Iashington, D.C.e a
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Deb-1' mic HOOYBPZ 1 I. .
I am a member of the Society of Friends, called Quaker.
-_ V, . V'_ _ I____ - 21,... I -I»--'~ _ _ _ I: .i.=-g - Recently I had occasion"to read the full transcript of
t e HUAC hearings in tan Francisco WUiCh resulted in the May
12 riot. The film UP¬3ATION ABOLITIUN was shown in our school,
and much controversy arose as a result. I wished to get some
background oi the Hearings, so upon request sent
me the full transcript,
I was quite disturbed to find, in part 3, testimony given
by Karl,?russion, which seemed to definitely point to the factthat thévgericanrFrignd5_li2£iQ2_££33iLLg&_had been infiltrated
by some Uonunist Party activity. This testimony may be found on
pages 2199 and 2201-
I have always supported and believed in the Auerican Friepc
Service Committee, especially their,humanitarian relief work,' 3which began following World War I. 1 have sometimes disagreed '*
quite stronwlv with their nolitical point of vi»w, esseciallytheir pacifish, which, I believe, leads tnem down the "garden
path." I have objected to some of their literature, which I
thought was unscholarly and even atitimes in sharp contrast to
their avowed Christian and humanitarian principles. Yet, with
gll of this, I have continued to believe in tcis group, and stilléo not think, as r. Prussion's testimony made zlear also, that
hey are conscious of being used by the_Party, if they are at all
so used. '
f Recently our local papers carred another story charging .
that AFSC literature had been used by the Party.
: How does your office weight EH15 testimony? Where does _
- SC stand? I would apnreoiate having some Judqement onmatte@,_1§ you are free to give it to me, '
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Dear ' .',
_ i - I have received your letter of February 15, 1962, and
/1 Win! to thank you ior your interest in writing. _ _
Although I would like to be oi service, the FBI is an
investigative agency of the Federal Government and, as such, does not
- - make evaluations nor draw conclusions as to the character or integrity
of any organization, publication or individual. I regret that I am unable
CO help you and hope you will not infer in this connection either that we
do or do not have data incur files relating to the subject oi your inquiry
I thought you might like to know that L11. £1 Prussian
was not employed as a Special Agent of the FBI; however, he furnished
iniormation concerning subversive activities on a condential basis to
this Bureau iroxn 19-19 to 1938 for which he was compensated. tie is
no longer serving in this capacity. His opinions and comments are
otrictly his own and do not represent the FBI in any ma znz r.
In view of your concern, enclosed is some material on
the menace oi communism I hope will be oi interest to you. __
Sincerely yours,
9. Edgar Hooven
' John Edgar Hoover
, Director
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-.. NOTE | The American Friend
Service Committee is a pacist organization, opposing military conflict' preparedness and the drafting of men since it was created in 1917. It was lubject of Bureau investigation in 1942; however, it was found not to be
eng_aged_in any sort oi subversive 3.CtiV'1116S. -f_ i
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THE AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COHHITT£E_ __ _
' Biddle Atlantic Region _ - -
i 1500 Race Street '
Philadelphia 2, Penna.O
in
Washington, D.C.
J.-.7--..:;. 21.-2:, 1s~ag___'_____
lHST£UClI0$ sate:
Perhaps there is no subject about which we talk more and know less than "Communism."
Our Obligation durig thi:_se:inar will be to try and answer your questions regard-
ing cozzunisc, some of which are listed below. To do this we will meet vith people
who have been inticétely associated with communism, including a member of the Com-
uuniat Party in the United States. r
Since the seminars develop from the expressed serious concerns of high school age
people for problems of our government in world affairs, we assume that those who have
registered for this seminar are of the some mind and are willing to accept the re-
sponsibilities which are part of attendance at one of the seminars. Please read
! "Statement of Purpose and ! "What iaia seminar?"!
Because we will meet with busy people in the fields of Government, Education, Foreign
Service and related areas, it i§_inportant that_you MAKE NO E§§5§EENl§T§or_gho§§
hggrj ghen4the_aeminar_i§ in Eeséibn. It is aliojimportaht that you Elan £5 be with
the seminar at }B§fSEg;q;;qgfl5E;;§y_uq5;;_;h¢_¢ng of the final geaaionégn Seturdav
Isl-*-"F-Y += -11---ts;-c~=-. ==-- -::c>~:92:*=-41%.. :2. ===:=;»1e1§1e -1.... 1.: --= tee-. i=*-I -_.,,,_~_*'__-_g~- ' *- .:~'- -- - "J - e ~ 0 s :- -
diately. ~ _ ee
In Washington we will all be housed dormitory-style at Gauntt House. Hhen be live
together it is important that we conpider the rights of others in our actions. He
vill have much aerioua thinking to do during the few days of the seminar and it will
be necessary to get enough sleep at night. QUIET TIME set for 11;0O p.m. means
"Give the people who are ready to sleep a chance Stop talking in Sleeping Rooms." h_&5
A separate room is provided for those who want to talk later. __ _ _ _ __
, _' 4:. I - '-
§§§P*3'Q:_@5 FQR 1:55 _.5@'l§ **R I _ . - '
l. Some of the qbestiona you have raised on your applications are:
i. ls fear of communism what unites the Heat? l .
b. How are we meeting the challenge presented to us in Europe and the Far £ast_
_ Ind is our method of meeting it successful? . .
ti Is communist infiltration a real threat to this country? If so, is the
_ House Un-American Activities Committee playing an effective role in control-
. ling it? _
,5. How does the communism of Khrushchev differ from tha doctrines of Harx and
lenin? .
a. Does conmunism have history on its side? .
i . , . . .
2. Under separate cover you are being sent the following pamphlets and articles.Tbay should be read before the seminar. ' Q 92 - '
a. §§E§K TRQIB IQ POHEQ, This Quaker pamphlet suggests alternatives to violence
in dealing with international problems and is important as a background for _diacuasing the present tension between what is called the Bast and Heat. géyfjy
,-_ 2
3.
£-
narns wtrn YOU ' - '
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s. on rat struts or xzvotvr1dB;'rHr nanxrsr vtzw by n=:"a.rae=c Aptheler.
this pampbltl ts inoortsncbsct;round'for our laminar, not only because it
outlines the Harxist view of revolution as seen by an aaeritan Coonunist,
but also because it given the vieu of one of our seminar resource leaders.
An understanding of his pamphlet vill give you s head start on your dia-
cussions uich him during the seminar. -
I. F. STDFT'S WEEKLY, June 12, 1961. This newsletter will help you to under-
sttnd the current indicteent ageinet the Communist Party of the United States
and the role of the Internal Security Act and the Subversive Activities Con-
trol Saard. rsince the mass media have generally supported the 5-4 Supreze
Court decision, it is important for you to read the excerpts from the dis-
tent by Justice Black and Justice Douglas.
The HOUSE COHEITTEE OK Uh-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES. This government publication
tells hou;thi5 conzittee was established and what it does. Prepare tor your_visit to this cozzittec by reaoing this carefully. ' ' _f * L
THE DfVIL M53 SSTIEI RUSSIA by Herman J. Herman, Harvard Lav School ani _,1
Russian Research Center at Harvard University. we qill be discussing big
views during the seninar.
BY;l£?5 INTO ACTION. This vill be helpful preparation for our day on The.Hill. ' _ J_'
Excerpts from books by Albert i. Chandler and Erich ?rmut which are self-q
explanatory. _ ;_Cs
d.
Gr
5.
3.
I .
success of the seminar depends more on the participants than on anyone else.
You will be one of the resource persons at this seminar so prepare as well as you
can. Follow s good neuapaper for stories on the.Eaat-Heat conflict, the trial oi
the Counmnist Party and the specie! Senate subcommittee hearings on charges that
the Pentagon has "muzzled military officials who have been speaking out againat
coumunian. These hearings will he going on during our eeminar.!The
Write innediatelv to your repreaentative,_at the House Office Building, washing-
ton 25, D.C. Ask hin for an appointment on Friday, January 26 sometime between
10:33 and 12:00 noon. Tell him that you will be in Washington for a seminar enf
titled "Communism--The Image and the Reality" and that you would like to know
his views on the subject. Add that you would like to meet with his legislative
assistant if he will not be in Washington on January 26.! W
rtzasz return rut tgctostn TRAVEL BLANK as soon as YOU xaou YOUR raAvrt'scurouLa.
to I 1 "' 'r
rnts insreuérion sneer. '
A notebook, pencils or pen.
The AFSC tag. Wear it in a conspicuous place upon arrival.! '
Few Clothes - you'll be busy most of the time you're there with no time to
change during the day. Plan to dress simly. §£A§§§PARED_FORM§5IN ANDLSNOH.Honey enough to cover living expenaes:' w w iv
-_ I
IOOH t _ 3 nights @ $2.00LUNCHIS "' ' 3 ' @ .90
DINNERS J @ 1-20
BRZAKEASTS 3 @ .60
,_ Q 0 ' s 0 a 0 Q Q Q.¢._|_... s a.oo
... 2.10 _;
... a.ao W, , ' "
... 1.ao " *f
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' ._ _ $15.35 . _ , ¥_;_j- Q¢
I
This covers only bare necessities. It would be well to bring A _' little extra for pereonaT'expenses or literature you may Iish
to'purchase. _ I _ _ ' 4
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uction
Ikecutive
house!.I
Ghile you
Gsuntts.
a serious
Go from trot snnrve I . _ . - . -
k to see whether there are others wearing A?SC tags. These identify the people
oning to the
stiff. If n
s below. If
3-9792. Ifseminar. Go to the Information Desk and look for a member of
o one is there, proceed ¬Q;Gauntt House according to the in-
you have any questions abo§EuhaL to do, phone Gauntt House,
no one answers, cell ADems 2-QOO7 International Student
are in Ke§hington you will be staying in one of the guest homes of the
These have been opened for groups such as ours who are interested in doing
job in Washington. Dormitory-style rooms cost $2.00 a night per person.
he station tc Gauntt House. Be assigned e room.
's"-Ii s - D
To get to
a #&2 tro
titut Ave
ground at
direction
street to
To get
ere on
take a #6
at Conner
graph toto
or
ie at Gau
and the e
Ieals and
Eat lunch
Gluntt Bo
UEDNESDAYGeuntt House by trolley from Union Stetlon' elTov about 20 minutes!, take
lley infront of Union Station. Ask the operator to let you oii at Connec-
nue and K Street, S.H. This is the last stop before the trolley goes under
DuPont Circle. When you get off, go to the right on K Street from the
in which the trolley has been goin . Keep to the right hind side of the
!'ri71h . ;_ : 5-'_7:~ r_ '2 7 F-1 U Vii. E : hi; __!::|, iv 7 Fl -
Gaunt: House by trolley fro: the Irgilweys or §re1hound bus depots they
posite corners! uelk south on 12th Street to E Street. Cross E Street and
0 or db? trolley going west on I Street. Askithe operator to let you off
ticut Avenue and N Street, K.H. Follow the instructions in_the above para-
resch Gsuntt House. .
will nolo seminar registration
Gauntt House. Bring money tor
opening sessions. -ntt ouse by 1:30 p.m. to get your room. e
Fternoon session on Wednesday, January Z6 at
lodging and your notebook and pencil to the
on Wednesday before you come to Gauntt House. There are restaurants near
use or you can est at the bus or train station.
s
O APPOINTMENT WITH RELATIVES OR FRIENDS FOR OTHER THAN FREE TIMI: Evenings:
- 1:00, or wednesday preceding 1:30 p.m. or after 12:00 noon on Saturday.
' _
ENTATIVE PROGRAM . " _ _ . '"
c- I . ' __ _T
. ws'w~RY_ 25 ' S - - -
1:30
2:30
&:l5
- _ 9:30p.m._ Arrive at Gauntt House, Register. Get room assignment.
' Seminar orientation, Introductions, followed by a short break.
e Break into smell buzz groups for discussion of our views as we
begin the seminar.
Dinner - International Student House."1."_.!_a'{ 15 %'h{~wlLm]__l-'5;-Q," A rHa1-narlnn ui rh r, UnlFrl lssl_ Prnfnannr .- 1 . . .- - -tot-o---..... -.-.. ..... ......=_..a ,..-..-, ..---_-_-V-_._
gt Politiesl_$;ience at George Hqshingtoniniyersity.Close discussion. -' 0 41 . _ J: 1M 5| " -. ¢-. -_ . I
R
--, '- *4; 7 W ~ _I s-...Us.
r , _
6:30
7:30
9;3Q
YEIDAY J
6:45
7:15
8:00' E:$'
lU:UO
12:33
Z;00_ p -
5 IE.Q I . Q . _; H!~
p.n. Lunch at I House_.L
Discussion at the Embassy of the U-5.S.l. ' _
Divide into four groups for additional Embassy visits. Poland,
Yugoslavia, Germany, Nigeria! ' r- *- - - . .,,
Dinner at I House.
Discussion of day's sctivities - Gsuntt House.
Cicse discussion.
» RFCKFY 26 ~
izl s.n, Tnat happy tine again-
Heditetion and worship.
Leave for The Hill.
Eneakfest at Supreme Court Cafeteria.
PEet with e eteif eeober of the American Civil Liberties Union.-
Visit Congressmen and House or Senate hearings.
p.m- Lunch.
Divide into two groups for visits to:
s. House Cozzittee on Un-American Activities
b. Surversive Activities Control Board
Briefing for entire toup at Department of State.
Supper - I House.
Discussion of the day's activities.
Close discussion. _ _
§§,TL'F.I_>f.Y, JANUARY 21
6:45 s.m.
922:00Arise - shine if possible.
Heditstion and worship
Breakfast at I house.
SEHIEAR SUMMARY AND EVALHATION. what are the implications of this
seminar for our oun lives? Our communities? Our nation? Our
world? whet questions remain unanswered? How can we share what we
learned with others? What recommendations do we have for fu-
seoinars? Sehinsr closes st noon. have
{U18
TRAVEL sum: _ * "'
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Sand to: Fancy 0'HeiQ QII .
11, 1500 Race Street,'Phi1ede1phia 1, Pa.
I expect to errike in Washington on _ st __ _._ 0 _ - _V ' I -kw '77 W V W
at EST., .
92£ ESTThe which I an taking leaves : i i _WW W__dste
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- UNITED STATES GOV! MENT . - - ,> '' Mem02'andum
I
Inn QI>92I s __ , .§ I-I-1 WI-
non sac , P1-i~ILADELPHIA
stmjscrz @~eiR"m_~ F.Fil'.ENDS SERVICE _
_ -_ _ __co:-;-:1rn:r,- r_:_:_o.=.ec.=_:.r-=:o;_-;-
i.-r<.-=_ <5; "e- ..,._ .- .§_
.;.~;-we-0'-_--:5- - --i-9 - -
any in ication of Communist Party infiltration. J.
I _, -__z-:-¢>____ -£1!-Err -Phi'1ade-1phia!'=<-"-»= "»=-F-*='*'=-*""92¢'-l-~='r*.P~'-*-¢--b92¢1"'<?1'=
_______,_____ _ __ .._-_
._.Re_bulet 2/_2/:32. e_ - - .
=_::.T'-_.Z;__h.Sihce l'9*1+l', ihiladelphia-shes been following
-captioned organization's activities and in some 1 t , ns ances
individuals who are or were members of this Committee or _
;associated with it.-H ' -L ~ V
-2- -.::c Reference report of SA at Phila-591-'
.;phia, 2/2H/55, which reflects a comprehensive review of the
activities of this organization up to that time, without
d
advised SA '
. that since its founding in 1917 to re d '
n er charitable
assistance to wartorn Europe, the AFSC has expanded its
activities to include peace, education, community relations,
youth services, international seminars and related programs.
Also, many present AFSC programs have evolved and continue
1 -
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* "High Commission for Refugees, and the Secretariat of tne i,-i.
Q U 92-
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Informant further advised that the AFSC has also.
cooperated with tne National Catholic Welfare Conference,
Church World Service. The AFSC's work nas also been closely
related to'International Agencies such as tne United Nations
Relief for Palestine Refugees now UNRWA!, tne United Nations
Uited Nations and with many Assembly delegates.
_ , advised that the leadership or the
Religious-Society~or Friends Quakers! and of the AFSC are
anti-Communist. He explained that in the cause of imple-
mentation of its various programs, worldwide, officers of
the AFSC have made contacts with offocials of the Soviet
Government and Soviet-bloc establishments, in connection
with various seminars and other activities of the AFSC. Their
sole motive is to promote peaceful alternatives to war and
foster understanding between peoples of different political,
economic and cultural backgrounds.
He further advised that the activities of the
AFSC are broken down into the following five maJor.classes
of service: International Services, International Affairs,
Peace Education, Community Relations and Youth Service.
' ' Q made available an AFSC publication dated
1/5/52, entitled "An Introduction to the American Friends
Service Committee." This publication is enclosed herewith
for Bureaus information. This publication describes
the over-all work of the AFSC.
- u . On 3/20/62, ' '7;lTl.~'_* -.l .I3I-
QP""'!"a.r1d a. close associat__e_oi"- I "5'___,,,,... or the GP .1 a~n& -F advised SA .........s».--.-»_.>..al' that the CP has no
influence and no members in any positions within the AFSC.
He advised that from time to time the CP, through
a front group, has instituted peace rallies based upon
specific issues or cases. Such rallies had not been
identified as CP controlled and were attended by AFSC
observers. In all such cases the AFSC representatives
- Y
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The Philadelphia file of the AFSC has accumulated
a voluminous amount of information and material, well over
500 serials, since the eubmisbion of Philadelphia report
to the Breau in 19 Much of the information nan furniahed
to this office by _I:
I
To prepare a current report in this matter woulé
entail a great deal of effort, and Philadelphia believes -
that what would result in preparing such report will be
that the AFSC continues to pursue its pacifist line
according to its own line regarding international peace,
-tc.; that it has worked with various nations, including
Soviet-bloc nations, in international seminars and the
I like, without necessarily changing ita own pacifist line
to conform. AI
1
UACB, Philadelphia will not prepare a current
report regarding the AFSC for reaaona mentioned above.
In the best interests of the Bureau, Philadelphia
does not believe an active investigation of the AFSC is
. warranted at this time.
p - 1
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Director, F51
AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE .
C0?-L-IITTEE , II YC -'1-I3 P-JP. ATEDs' e "
1 --»_ I
4- .
. ' - l.92-'9 -31',- -. .-0 92',, up,-_ _.-. -r' = -Q-*1 _92 '4'-_-._ I,r I ' _ Reuriet 3-22-62. * ' -
The Bureau is changing status of vnur letter topending. You are requested to contactCII§:$HI*and determine
eminar onCo::D 6., 1/24-27/62, sponsoreu by the
£11211!, unism held in Washington,. ' American Friends Service- ' tee was communist insnircd or controlled inasmuch as
, was scheduled to appear at this Seminar.
1. . . ' 1Ihether the Student S
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- I _ Director, FBI '
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GTUNP?-GPQSED CE
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' The Bureau fails to note any Communist Party, USA
CPUSA!, international relations angle in tnis letterhead
memorandum. According to information s:::ittod the communist
Party is not the sponsor or organizer of this Peace Karen but
it is allegedly sponsored by toe American Friends Sarvice-
_§.'_t~_':;?.i.t_tc:e in Seattle, Ha.<=hi.ngton',a'tI or"zanizations such as
"the Platform for Peace. Turn Toward Peace and University of
Washington Student Peace Union also contczpxate on mticipating
in this demonstration. .
_ _ It_is noteq that a source advised that attempts
Ire being made to gain participation from peace groups from
Canada, hoshinyton State, Uregon, Idaho and Kontana. D-
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. , -:=_,.¢ noun. ovum or mvnswxcxnon . '
- . ~ ___, _. __. V -- .- ' t'- Y hIl||br,PIauel¢ja'b
W .' Seattle, Washington '
' _ . larch 23, 1962 e _ -.. ' I -Inf
a 92- an ' _
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,,",'.,;. I, -. - .:i_-,,1.__In1form;;tion_h_a.s previously_foeen__.deve§l.0pe_d lthat E!' L&'z§$g§e-captioned organization in Seattle was going to sponsor- J, .T 3 peace march in Seattle, Washington on april 21, 1962.
' Information was received from a source on A.
March 23, 1962 to the effect that the above-captioned
f organization has Just recently decided to cancel this
proposed peace march until further notice. _. I I
. .
_ - - ___ ¢ . ' .o _ . - - ' ' _ . -' . ' ' - . ', ~ - -9 I . '_. - . _ .1 .-.- _ _ .' ' _,.
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NOTE CONTINUED a - .
& .
The Am_§I;ican.Eriends_SeJ;vice Committee AFSC! ha ' ii _ _ _ _________ s pac 1st
policies which occasionally parallel the aims of the Communist
P t ' - ' 'ar y line, however, it has not been investigated by the Bureau,
ind it is'a Quaker organization. One of its current activities is
fosterinv good will between ou O" Q: =, _ _ y nb people ofevarious nations and'i'or'th1 " ' " e' 's reason, it is recently sub]ect of citizens inquiries. " -
1 - -.
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.' _ Q - . . . _,. I-Z . w.-.1 - 1.» 1| .. .'I92-r-0 Q. - .~I-._*.'rv; 5. _-§..};-_ -,.-_,-;,-...., l -, 92-an--u .'.1'4'< ,,- , .-qr,
Federél Bureau of Investigation
.Wsshington D .C. -___.u;-.
Dear Sire: é
- I would like a little information if
possible. gggI have been receiving mail from erican
jggends Service Committee, Ino. 300 West C6§FE§§ *~
Parka§IHieago'?; lllinoist>** *- "~>e* Lt-~-~~_
This group is promoting the week for World
Peace April 15-21. The material I receive seems to
- promote the oommunist line. I would lixe to know it
; you have anything in your records that might show
Whether this is a front origanization, or whether
it may be a lagatiment cause. I will appreciate
any information you can give me as soon as possible.
YB? Sincerely .
.3623
A!1
-_ __,_ -_. .__. = i _0U 1
Abri1B,1962
-
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i%"=IGl2-Hi-P 1zv:;I
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' ' Your letter er March 31, 1962, has been
received. .- .
. . _ I
_ T _ _ a . . ,7 Aithough _Iwou1d-like to be oi service, the FBI
-being an investigative agency of the Federal Government neither
makes evaluations nor draws conclusions as to the character _
or integritv of any o:-g:a.ni:ation, publication or individual. I
regret that I an-. n.-cable to half: -_;-cu and hope you will not infer
Jn this connection either that we do or do not have data in our
fiies relating to the eubject of your-inquiry. ~ - - --92
:;.;"_ 1?: I-.';_:=:;,* ::r;._::._'. mince";-tel? ;;1u-3, " _ _
' I-5"3£'.'Hc-.'ver
John Edgar Hoover "'
" Director
more: The
@American Friends Service C0'mmitteé:{1}i;"S§!! has pacifist policies which
;!'c_c§i§i'o'1{a11y_i;iai*a11eIthe':5.iin'.<il_Qi' §}ie"5fC§l}T_-1T§ini§t Party line; however, it
' has not been investigated by tne Bureau, and it-'is a Quaker organization.
One of its current activities is fostering good will between young people
ofevarious nationeand for this reasdniiii is recently subject of citizensinquiries. ' ---5
353.2,
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*=H~*¬E:~>1w:~*§1u~:-~-=:w¢ev2r§ PwwT-"run.-.'92 Hw- 492' - a ..-P~ --1 imQ§@%§§%;@@i;;:92j0 o f- _
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92 -I -" -/-¬?~32~ 1 _.. _ E '92 - ..
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_ ' E UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICEevr
eeeiteéu
£L_n_Eaue Fuc1ea:__ §- _
,;=. cuxcage, Illinois
. txzlliiglll - - -_ iv I _A ' ___ " : H.L A _iu pril_13L_19G2 _~ -
- _. _ ' On pril 11. 1962: cdc available a flier entitle
"A Call to Participate - -'- Week for World Peace, April 15 21,
_ 1962" described therein as issued by the American Friends
Service Committee AFSC!. ;_-
This flier states that the Week fer '
196"__k . is spenscred by the AFSC, CUJCRQO Office.
1 io11owin~ as coope'atinP c '= '" "- _ / . - -3 IL.1!_l2_.'!'- IOQ.-:
ierican Yet , i__' " ' ' £."CB1iTTTE¬In:._,_'.--4-,. __, i¢y--1
orld Peace for
It lists the
§u '920 e0 _ -
| n
-1
AIEBICAR rgrgrns SERVICE
re -:~ :=.e;- ;*r::;' --1-lI7:'*"_.-1 --. --3 5~;i=a.--_ '_ ,_.. .-I-I-. __ 92 _
C. _ Q '-' ' 1
t -.. .-!_ . _ _ _
.74-: {'-:"'..:'-I-='-Ir- 'f__-'--' -e __ _ __... __ - - _ _-,-' L.-_... ;-- -__
92
cosnairrss " "
-_i,_,__ -.1_ _"
Soviet resumption oi nuclear testing, followed by U.S. resumption.
Breakdown of relations over Berlin. __ . _ __i _ p
5.3. sponsored invasion oi £ubi- W
The Hysterically motivated U.S, Ciyil Defense program as another
step in the arr; race. - - - - o t,
id1%e-:;lQLuee-oe_u&c¢enca_;a_;Q§s§@ng§.-_.¢é ;,,__U~___M,?_"__L,¢_§nd final1;, Ind1as IEILBDCE on vic1e3ce'}n_the1r 1iberat1on _ .__._o_f G°a_ __: _._ __ __ -_ _. 7 ' ' - - --.
veéhder the captlon
that there_are some rays of
agreementewriwinciples for
States crea11cn of the Arms
Peace Corps; and the.S:v:e
the settle
hopeful ac
showing se
growth oi_.... _.UQLLL;UI4e' tcent of
G-0-ntinu
!5ll5DC¬
FLA. I4-.n..;.n.
* ' . _"'-4.?-.._ _ __
the sponsor
I111 ra1lY
vorld. 1%
country in-la
'the reception
especially
civil disob
the univers
' tions forUnder th
5-be11e
to bull
hotes_t
_-5|. Vg;
oz L
in the
edtence
alitr 0
peace ca
by Women_£or Peace
"Inn. _,.-._.,'lIE 1-92'I.ILrl
for the ecl
--Q-.. _4- _ __ -
' flthatjthe
r rintensive
__meetings
"generous7
the expenses and ergl:=- ~* =~
ifmonthsUnder
peace
ih L6
Cull!
ccntrlbot1.
Ct-
9 C
V8
d
ha
mi
G:
Cw
f
ff
P
ud
"straticns across the
asks re pie
the
of ?
duc
ches
Ifthe Berl
__ . ing. the
tsIthe sponsors
rros symptoms c
n 195:
end coral przble
tea:
e msvement i
t ihcusands
DAD I
zmunlst csur
mm
these
1ed on by students
Din? the ray.
an 4-I-mg IK3 bl-15-4 B
tea S Una
nts tc
caption "What You
arch and April-sh
ationaptzcn "The
-vement for
, schools, unions
n OI"mSDE$ andror.
nnlzatxon 01 the"Where Are Fe Qc1ng?," the flier notes
hcpedn the United States and Soviet
diearnenent negotiations; the United
Ccntrcl and Disarmament Agency; the
t Union's giving up their deadline for
in issue. -
flier observes that in spite of these
nf the_eek believe that the world is
I nggel collapse and the malignant
murder as the final solution to hardo
F--1
_--,
Turn," the flier states that
_ real hope only if the people
n 2 Turn Toward Peace across the
deeznstreted throughout the"New
EUEIE l5 3
=.nee; Le: Karla PL1;e. Ii observes thatQye -c L-=cc; Peace Enlsefsj.
1155, and the g:o~Lh gf'a mass
eace in Britain, demonstrate
ihe strong grass roots demonstra-
throughcu: thegcountry and1526;:
2
F
hopes.
21 is the't1ne for dcncn
in many foreign lands. It
voices heard."I.....J- ____
Z93 326
- cake thelr
Can Dc," the flier states_
ould be made a period'of
ng film and discussion
and clubs. It calls for a
;volunteer time to help wzth
week for'¥orld Peace.by.schedu1i
r Q _ _ , _ ,
0 D X: - 4 ! _ 'w "" " _ ._! ". . Q;
-_-2; - i' --V Lass»,I Q Y
_ _- .-__ -._ .'-' -___ _ __V l .___ ___ _. _ _.-__ , _ ,.»'-,@-*- - 1, I _..- .- - - ' 1 _ "
___i _,__ _ -1 -_-.._- #2 'I-P"?-_¢ ' - _ li _ v ii; Q1-__ g____.- I -;:___» -~- -We -- V -e _
AIERICAR FRIENDS ssnvxcz commrrnn _ ' _.. - -. "FI 1,,.._ '_._. -__. _- Q-
- -- -4-I-
It'also calls recipients to join the walk beginning at
the Glenview Naval Air Station on-Friday, April 20, 1962, or
on Saturday, April 21, 1962, £ro:"Evanston, Illinois, Hyde Park,
or the Chicago lest Side. It notes=that a rally will be held
.-ais¢._--ti.-= Grant _E~:I.-'-B,-. Randolph d -Hicniga-a-,~ at -r"e3G -I-H en "&turda§r,*+:""in *-
Lpril 21, 1961, to be lollowed by another rally at Orchestra
Ball at 2=ls Pu on April 21, 1962.1 -.fI._..
é if? -i;;The3f1ier lists'the following speakers: _ _-- 1 _4-.' » ZeE;IE*T; _-; i- _:- -_- 1 i; Clarencexgickett ~ Secret5ry_§meritus,_§FSC;
1: A CO-Cbairtin,wF§EiQQ§l_§Q§mi§}§§*§O[_§_5iD6__ _ ! F_"__°_1_el'=iI'_1l'J_lILGJ' . ' r .
,/ 1 "
- .. '"- -Iilliayavidon -1Zhairu:a._n, Physics Department,
- - Haverford College; board nember,_§atiQn§l
- e Qqnmittee fer a §iE§_Euclear_Policy; National@;/ff:-'g -¢§§ace Educafi9D_CQ:mitiae,,AFSC; National 7*
/";- 1- . Advisur- Student Peace U2icn.; *,_-.-..___ - .- ' _ ~ _ e- _ ___-_ ._ ~-
; Elise4Boulding - Editc;,_Iomenfs Peace Movement
siiflla r ~-Bulletin-of the National Wcmens Strike for
l Peeee; Center re: Ctnilict Reselutiene
if T *Continuing, the flier notes that additional activities
are being planned for Chicago in the form of film and discussion
meetings in homes, cnurcnes, cluos, etc., durine the two months
preceeding the weer ior Peace. Leaflet distributions will also
be made in many locations and rigils of prayer for peace in
- .designated churches are scheduled for Holy Thursday, April 19,
1962.
;=i The flier_cal1s for the participants to abide by a
discipline of nonviolent action outlined by the spcnscring
committee. ' 1 _
' 22" " Under the caption "¥hat Ee ¥ill Ask For," the flier
states that the Week's activities will emphasize these elements '
---=~of a national program which the eponsoring organizations and
___ associates will support, including; Z M, H
.,s{:_*'___- _f "- 1 E'_'- _I" -- '
American initiatives to break the arms race, such as: -
* * ?"if*"* IEhediate stbp'to ill unclear testing and vigorous -_
1iw*::e Ietiortsf£br~e~pern§nenf*international ban: ;;;_
..-8- i
._.._ ..,..-. . __.-- --..-,hi_.a_ _ .. 4-. --._,_---- - _- ---, 1- ;, _-e..- -a- .-vs--I"--r _ -. , , ..1='- 7, _", _-~ ~-' - ." _ - .
.
-. .;_;_A»_-_,..-._,_ .__,-9:-_,_____ .- . ...-,,- -_. .- -_-r .-_--.;,_._,,A --1, _.,-._ - ,_,-¢.. ..=_,- _ w
__T. ,, 5 r "-" f!92 " 0
-P -0
. ! e
Q '5
_.-
axnnxem rnxzxns ssavxcs coimrrras
A£::_:' ES£¬Z¥§1¢n of chemicn1-biologicnl-radiological '
reeearch centers into world health centers.
_ ~ Conversion of the DEW line into a reciprocal
' r two-way guard against accidental or deliberate
' attack by either the United States or the USSR. ,-.__ _ _ __
ff"'* 74 United Stntee pledge not to give atomic weapons-in_'" ' to any other country.
A nonviolent solution cf the German question based on international
9§Pervision'of Berlin and a dewilgfarized, nuclear free, Germany.
Inrolvement of'China in disarmament negotiations and membership
in the United Kations.
A national program for the economic adjustment to disarnanent and
an; international program for world economic development. '
A;Strengthened United Nations for nonviolent settlement of
dlépntes ancna nations ' . __ I¢_.
J
The Social Service Directory for Betropolitan ChiCg°-
iesue of 1958, published by the Weliere Conncil of Metropolitan
Chicago, describes the AFSC as having been established in 191?
and as representing the Religious Society of Friends iquakers!
in fields of social action. The regional ofiice in Chicago
fnrthers the work of the national committee in promoting inter-
national, industrial, and interracial understanding. Local
activities include assistance for programe of minorities, 3 P@=¢e
education program, operation of interracial work canoe and similar
service units in state institutions.
an " " - ..4-
, -?'T - '-3-_-'_ t ,, .--0.! - '- I-i. - --0 "'A!_ I i; T, 1 I _' ' T" b - I ' ._.. ._ _ _ , .92 V 7.
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- _ _ - J _
. ,1L} ,1-J _
AIERICAB FRIENDS SERVICE connsrrraa
§
Jul? 12, 1§6l, that as of that date the EP of illinois had
repeatedly instructed its members to infiltrate "any and all"
Imss organizations in an effort to influence the policies of the
organizations in the direction of the CP line on domestic and o
foreign issues. One of the prise targets of the Party at this tine,
according»a- this source, was the Committee for a Sane Nuclear
Policy. .
According to information furnished by the firstvon Harch 25, 1952, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, also
cooperating organization in the Week for World Peace, had
inception in England in 1914 and 1915 and was extended to
States as a movement of Christian protest against war and violence.
The Fellowship, described as pacifist,.lays down no hard and
fast rules governing its members regarding their participation
_in armed conflict, but exhorts them to win oyer their enemies
through their exemplary love for their fellow men. The organi-
zation advocates conscientious objection to service with the
arsed iorces= - ,source, ;
3
its
the United
Concerning the Rational Association of Social Yorkers
NASH!, Chicago Chapter, a fourth source, who has furnished
reliable information in the past, advised on August 27, 1958,
that the Chicago Area Chapter of the KASW has been assigned to
a'CP club in the Professional Division, CP of Illinois, by the
CP as the mass organization through which the members of this
club are to wo?k politically. ' - -
The "Social Fork Yearbook, 1957" published under the
auspices of the NASW, states that the EASW was formed and began
operation on October 1,1955. It is the result of action by
seven predecessor organizations oi social workers, all or which
iere absorbed into the HASW. -
_ 5 _4 -
._ ' .
.H! '
92' 0P
-Q
llER1CAK FRIEKDS SERVICE COHIITTEE
I
i
¬
On Januar 9 1962 1 _ i Y , _ . ='.'1=r " w- - =- = .. .» -I -___
.fu-Fr-2151-lei-i.l r=<><>k1¢=-r.e1=.m1ed _ -.,,.
"Student Peace Union." This booklet described it as an organi-
zation of young people who believe that we: cen ee leeger he
successfully used to settle international disputes and that
neither human freedom nor the human race itself can endure in a
world committed to militarism. It states that the SPU works
toward 1 society which will insure both peace and freedom and
which will suffer no individual or group to be exploited by ,
znother.
lust act independently of the existing power blocs and must
seek new and creative means of achieving a free and peaceful
society.
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turther advised that undoubtedly CP members,a1so Iembers oi
some oi the organizations cooperating with the activities,
such as SANE, will directly participate in the activities such
as the peaoe walk and the subsequent rallies.
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{his document contains neither recommendations nor
éonelusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is
loaned to yonr a5eucy; it and 1:5 Cuhiei are not to be
distributed outside your agency . .
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._____:_L -'__ _ _ e -- ___ -1 Y ' Your letter of Apri-I 1'7, I962, with enclosure,has been received. ' 'I
-_ ¢-.u-¢-i- V »---_ - ' _ Although I would like to be of service, the FBI
being an investigative agency or the Federal Governznent neither
makes evaluations nor draws conclusions as to the character
or integrity of any organization, publication or individual. I
reg:-ct th:.t I an-. '.:.-.:.*.:ie to help you ms. nope you will not trier
In this connection either U121! we no or no not nave oata in our
lis relating to the subject of your inquiry.
<4 - May I suggest, however, that in your personallwiluation of the merits of any organization you give careful
consideration to its obieetives and whether thev are oeine
aA92T'Av0u'I $Ioa11nnq Anni-'92ouw1 Tnal cluqunlcqalcn-nqalubastuvbun b4¢¢uc-DA4 H; 92-A1-v4A'f, D :a-uy92--nuaunlo
EE >23.. ' - Enclosed is some literature which,'~L hope wilrbe 5? interest, together with your enclosure. _°,.*"
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Sincerely yours,
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. 9
John Edgar Hoqjrér
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more:
The American Friends Service .Committee AFSC! has pacifist
policies which occasionally parallel the aims of the Communist
Party line; however, it has not been investigated by the Bureau,
and it is a Quaker organization, One of its current activities is i
fostering good will among young people of various nations and for
this reason, it is recently subject of citizens inquiries.
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, IEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
- -' _J Chicago, Illinois ' '?'- --
-' _:" " ip;-118.7, 1562 _
_ + "LIERICAN FRIENDS SERYICE COHMITTEE
""*'."""*"'°'*- '92-9 ';_'.'*"_u ;:'g_! :32.":.-:._!'---s -.~'*i.3-r-I;-~ -_-:11-'-§.- ---_f.-n-a-at-_--.~ :-_.__-- .-_.-_-:--7--i-;_~.'»..-
' .;@-Beierence is made to Chicago letterhead memorandum
dated April 13. 1962. captioned as above. outlining the
program for the "Week for World Peace" oi the American Friends
Service Committee QFSC! Iron April 15 through 21, 1962.
;Z'* Concerning the sponsoring organization, the AFSC, aA 1 lource, who has furnished reliahle information in the past,
furnished il1fOI198.tl0n on April 19, 1961, to the effect that
_;t a meeting of the National Board of the Communist Party-USA
CPUSA! and invited guests held in New York City on that date, 9
member of the CPUSA, stated
-that the Quakers were a key icrce in establishing united action
in various phases of peace activities. The source further .
-advised that Q;,}II?s;ated that the Quakers consistently werk
Iith the Party privately but not publicly. _
-- - The Social Service Directory for Metropolitan Chicago,
issue oi 1958, published by the Welfare Council of Metropolitan
f Chicago, describes the AFSC.as having been established in 1917
" and as representing the Religious Society oi Friends Quakers!
in fields of social action. The rezional office an Chicaeo
furthers the work of the national ccwmittee in promoting inter-
national, industrial and interracial"understandinx. Local _
activities include assistance for programs of minerities, a
peace education program, operation of interracial work camps
and similar service units in state institutions.
4. 4 -¢wr=¢|¢Uf~ __ On April 25,. 1952 . - ' ' ~@- 1 ,
lli " »~+ advised that a North Side Peace
Ialk began at Glenview Naval Air Station; Glenview, Illinois,
on April 20, 1962. The walk proceeded v1a_Evanstcn, Illinois,
Ihere it remained on the evening of April 20,'l962. It con-
tinued on April 21, 1962, and arrived in the Chicago Loop at
approximately 1:30 PM, April 21, 1962. Approximately 310
" people participated in the walk as it arrived in the Chicago
' P ea in this rou was F * Loop. Lnont, th.-se 1 d g g . p _ "
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Accordinz to the second source, a west side group of
peace marchers assembled on April 21, 1962, in the vicinity or
_ 2307 South Laramie, Chicago, and marched to the Chicago Loop,
V arriving at approximately 1:30 PM. This group consisted of
appfoximately 63 people, and noted accompanying this group was
- The group merged with the north and south side
peace walk groups for a combined peace rally at Randolph and
Iichigan Avenue, and thence the combined groups moved to
Orchestra Hall ior a peace rally which was scheduled that
. afternoon. .
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-,-hThé'eecond source turther advised that the participants
oi th6 §buth side peace walk group began assembly at Stag:
- Field near the_¥nive:sit" oi Chicago and this_sreup_was§
m~' "" .- -- * - 1~»' -assembled b~ __ This group also _
- larched to the Chicago L0op,and at its height=consisted or _
.M,$,,,tapprQ;inate1g_360 people, The_scurce noted among the individuals. A - " ' '-- 1 - .' ' ' Y__"'a92- 92- '-_~,_:_~,,-_-_=-In-.-..-- '-I;'-':'¢'-a-.:'1»-.?n_§-~c_:'.__---
noted
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~ .Concerning the Chicago Branch of the Committee tor a
gi£ort,to in
direction of
- 01 the prime
. this source' -Cane Nuclear Policy, a seventh source, who has furnished
reliable information in the past, advised on July 12, 1961, that
' as oi that date the CP oi Illinois had repeatedly instructed its
ienbers to infiltrate Vany and all" mass organizations in an
iluence the policies of the organizations in the
" i i sues. une the CP line on domestic and
targets of the Party at this
was the Committee for a Sane-:- p1':f ~
ILI- i Also n ted by the second*source
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to Executive Order 10450.
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{$9-1fore In st
time, according to
Nucleq§K:licy.92_P-.2- .:.'."'-"'- '
as,partic pating in' ¥he:'south' side gimp walk were j'
._, 5.
s .The'CFUSA and the RWL have been designated pursuant
--4- 1n_eighth source, who has furnished reliable
" 1: T-iniormation in the past, advised in 1950 that Sidney
-qua--._
, .
1 4._Q_--_,
Inlpkgn_had been eapelled_trom the RWL in November, 1947.
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' 6 1131.1 SUI -" ' »-.~.»,er¢.=n:-.=_==:=.-===-:~s- 92-115:0 second sou1:cs_- further-advised that tn " Y
. Peace" hepting held at Orchestra Hall on Saturday, April 21, e
4 .1962, was attended by approximately 950 people- _ ,,§e2g;¥ 92:
-'__ ' ' the sneakers platform here -l- Ioted by the source on_ p_ __ ___ _ _ -_ _
Au-01 the;-<~-~~.":1 - e " ---~ ~-~.---»~- A -- . t
- of the AF-SC _ - _ . P
Z1: or £i;;;nan- and the l._ _ I up
fr
zriiirst speaker was The theme Eh: e
- »_ talk was on the importance ox racing reality in the world. He
zsnphasized that the American people must be told the truth and
qt.
-T-
U" Znot be misled by false claims of politicians and rirh ranking
Iilitary men. He discussed the question qf non-mutual trust
which he stated was leading to the brinkmanship oi a nuclear
holocaust. -
-- Continuing, aatated that the peace movement in
the United States and abroad is commited to preserve the peaceful
co-existence of all nations through an idealistic approach. He
called tor an awakening of the people to reality so that they
would not be misled by false concepts for peace. He called for
I. concentration oi youth in the struggle for world peace and
stated that the eyes of youth must be opened to these miscon--V
ceptions so that they may be readied for future leadership in
Iorld unity for everlasting peace and friendship.
-l:-: Next, the meeting chairman stated that the peace
movement is entering politics in order to be more influential
in world affairs and policy. The chairman noted that an
individual present was strongly commited to the peace movement
' - 4 -
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' Lake Counties. Illinois. he stated that the peace
" hoods political candidates who are commited to thelhd was a candidate tor the State-Legislature from Du Page and
PIO T. l.1 !
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movement
peace .
vement to represent them in Congress and to cast negative
awotes on appropriations for huge military'budgets supposedly
. tor defensive purposes only. _He announced that the.AFSC is
nrewwrtherefore organizing aePVoluntoers £on~Peace-Committee"=_--»»--
designed for the sole purpose of investigating;potentia1 J
candidates backgrounds and informing the public of their
iindings. p_
_ - 2--1; The next speaker was introduced as Cfil '
in his remarks said that the leaders of our nati-on are
-_/steering our people into a state-of lunacy in striving for
Iorld nuclear supremacy. He referred to his recent visit to
-Iashington, D.C., where he claimed he discussed the world
' iituation with the Vmodern day crewcut officials in the Pentagon
otter which he stated he was convinced that-our Capitol building
was a lunatic asylum. He stated that the axiom of nuclear
deterrence is the craziest philosophy ever adopted in this
country and called
!urder= e stated
" Iill not solve thefor an end to the hrinkmanship of mass?
Lhat the leaders oi the nuclear power nations
problems regarding world peace, and it is"
up to the people to demand the end of nuclear testing by means
0! peaggjul demonstrations such as those whidnhave just
torminated.-
-"-- made an a _"P_i'gil' for Peace
mould take place at Ccnzress and Michigan the morning following
the day of the first forthcoming series of atmospheric nuclear
tests. He stated the Vigillwould he Jointly sponsored by the
Oommittee.£or a Sane Nuclear Policy and the AFSC and asked all
persons interested
Jected program.in taking part to make a note of this'pro-
- The next speaker, spoke on the role of
women in the struggle for peace. She called for greater partici
pti0nmby_women in the drafting of world politics. She called
dr the American people to learn to understand the people of
Iron Curtain countries. She concluded by stated that women
j
,:.___;.,_ ._ _l_____ 4.92__ _i_____ .:__ 4.92._.|__ _.;__|._ ___.: _, _ A . .....,.-..-. an 1.--: 1.! .-. -..-....-HIVB L118 pUWt¬I' LB hLlt.'J.J. ilI.J.ll92-15 BBQ .l 6:: vul utia I.-U HI-I-J. J-U a. ul:92I
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-.:[email protected]»--?'!e- k:_l11_-=i:>u_rsle1weswhen- we-hi-1-1 "our ~ enemy":-'-- We -must resume '"""' ' '"
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"" ' * The main speaker was V110 BPORQ9! his'ear1y life in a Quaker community in Kansas where he was
taught that those who take the sword will perish by the sword.
Ho called-for the maintenance of a spiritual confidence to
insure peace.and stated that to bomb the people of the Soviet
Uhion would not brinz peace. Concluding, Pickett stated that
our relations with Cuba and China. by 'giving them medical aid
and food." __ -
- t E;-__ The meeting concluded at approximately 4:15 Pll with
i. silent in-ayer. ._ -'
Hoted by the second source in the peace rally crowd*ere the following: - ' .
W
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5 the 1nst:1p;1cn "Nuclear t
frgtration was crder1y~ and'3'IJ
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Ni _ '_ Ccncerning the inforzhtlon furnished bi the second
pource to the e£tecu_that the AESC and the Cummittee for a _
Lsane Nuclear Pvlzcy would conduct a "V1g11 for Peace" on the
_ day fO11&w1ng the first at -nc5pher1c ATGHAC explosion, this
IOUPCB advzsed that beg1nn' - lng at 9.50 AH, April 26, 1962, a
group cf tan indzviduals canzregated 3; the Csnzress Screet
.Q1;za C3 " b:=1;n$ alias and iacnng smlennly
lié i inése 51*"? = ~, '¢c45a,"I111uu1s,
iiard hicniean Avéné. 1
esus t reaten nankzni." The demon-
_ it was indicated that it would-
continue througn the day.
The APSE is further described by informants, who have
furnished r=1able info ' _ .- rmat1cn in the past, in the appendix of
§his memorandum.
- 1 'gnu wan une bearing
L h
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5.5
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f'' IPPENDIK
C . -I .
lIERIChH.FORUH FOR SOCIALIST EDUCATION, _
é;§o_kn0wn a5_Ame§icanmForumi_ I ___ _ _
According to an I.1 |Z1C18 appearing in the lay 13, 1957,
isue of the "ailv Worker," page 1, column 2, A. J. iute,
"well known pacifist," announced the formation of the American
Forum for Socialist Education APSE!. According to this article
the American Forum seeks to promote "study_and serious untran-
leled political discussions among all elements that think of h'
themselves as related to historic socialist an_1abor traditions
Vllues and objectives... however deep and bitter their differ-
ences may have been." ihe article reflects that among other '
burposes, the AFSE.seeks to callfattention to the YariousA
puhiications of the groups whose'beop1e engage in discussion;
to publish bulletins or pamphlets; to organize regional and
national conferences: contribute to the building of new morhle
and ethic, a spirit of fair play, labor militancy, determination
and hope among the rcgressive and radical forces in this country
-J
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APPENDIX
-8.-
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lpi-11 :30, 1962
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Federal Bureau of Investigation ' ,
uashington, D. C. Attention: J. Edgar Hoover
' w-5-p .' .o1_, ... .-->.. 71- '-¢" --'--re-'-'3-1---'*3='"3I"'92-""' -. . heir-Mr@~Hoover: I _ ,
Enélosed is a cop; of a letter which I have recently
received. I am desirous of sazing a student tour in
Europe this summer and therefore an interested in such
as opportunity as this. However, I am doubtful about
some of the sponsors of this program and would
appreciate it-ver; much if you could tell me if the
organization or people involved are affiliated in any
way with Connunisn. The name of the organization in
charge of this tour is listed below, as are the names
of two persons connected with the trip: .
35¢ 'ggericon lIlf-.'..7ll~.'.S'ilpWS<:;'VlC¬ uo:i::1_i_t_te_e _
Because the time is short I would appreciate 55 answer as
soon as possible.
Sinccr::l;,',
JI I
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May 3, 1962
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Deir. ~ - .-_
Your letter of April'3O, 1962, with enclosure, hag
been received. _<- , -
Although I would like to be of service, the FBI is
lttictly an investigo/tive agency o1 the Federal Government and
neither makes evaluations nor draws conclusions as to the char-
ncter or integrity oi any organization, publication or individual.
I regret I am unable to help you and hope you will not infer either
that we do or do not have data in our files relating to the subjects
of your inquiry. ' _
- Enclosed is some material I hope will be of interest
to you. I am also returning the item you forwarded.
- _ Sincerely yours, .i -
John Edgar Hoover
Director
92
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NOTE: The American Friends Service Committee AFSC! has pacist
policies which occasionally parallel the aims of the Communist Party linehowever, ft has not been investigated bk the Bureau, and it is a Quaker
Organization. One of its current activities is fostering good will between
young people of various nations and_ior this reason, it is frequently sub]ectof citizens inquiries. _ ' I1
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UNITED STATES '}OV£.:LNMEN"l'
Memorandum
-ro .. : Director, FBI.
I. _ ROM . SAC, Thiladelphia
Umn£cn ;zF??I"Q-1-1
, _ A.
;-_. -- --__.__ .
DATE I
_ .m FRIENDS s:~:mr1c_E comurrss, INc.1_A_?sc!_
»_
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In -._--...._ -_.-..r- 1 -. _ - . !
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5/23/62
gm also ~ adv15e@i°a~5~[17762t;@v>'%' SC ar ' .- ~ Ecommust. _° generally qutsponenembers bf
__ _ , honest people and anti-
C.' ~i _
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Q.. political, econoical and cultura1'backgrounds._-.. - ., ' 92' ' !.I
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- . _Enclo ed herewith for the Bureau is ;,new book1et_furnished by £:i::§hwn 5/17/62, captioned,_}an Introduction1Q.Ihe American Friends Service Committee," issued by the_ ¢$iFSC, Philadelphia,_?a., lQ§3. This booklet sets forth "AFSC
philosophy and program"'and contains-information which_tends .
" to clarify the actions of the AFSC. The booklet_states in
part as follows: .. 92 'I .
- !-- -1-_ q 1. . s. 1__ _ 3__'____ __§_ _____;__; ___I|__THC IL.l.f'5U C1083 IIOU SCCK UO_ 311??-RC8 any Pa.I'ElCU..LBI'
political theory. It believes that nonviolent
attitudes and practices would create their own
beneficent result within any system....."
I
The Committee brings this philosophy to bear
in tds problem areas particularly: race relations
and international order. It does so, first, because
its faith that Christie message can speak to the
affairs of nations is as deep as the conviction that
it speaks to the affairs of individuals, and second,
because it feels the need is greatest where the gulfs
are widest. In choosing these fields of service,
. which are complex and charged with emotion, the
Comittee must expect to find itself caught from time
to time in controversy, its motivation questioned, its
actions misunderstood, its conclusions rebuffed.
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In spite of this, the American Fr1endS Service
COmmittee feels compelled to continue to witness to
its convictions woth as a religious duty and as_an
expression of responsible citizenship in a free
society. It is precisely because the AFSC is concerned
to uphold the values that lie at the core of our national
way of life, that the Committee has exercised its
responsibility to speak freely, as conviction may
require. This it believes to be real patriotism,
because freedom must be exercised with vigor if it is
not to become mere form and ritual, and lost its
power. The committee has therefore spoken out in
c opposition to loyalty oaths and security programs
it believes they create a climate of timidity and
mistrust that chills the heart of freedom. It hasJ
because
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witness because these reflect the individua.l's _conscientious assumption of responsibility at a '
time when apathy prevails." '
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Philadelphia will remain alert for any evidence
of any Communist influence within the AFSC.
The Bureau will be advised of any pertinent
information
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INTRODUCTION
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AMERICAN FRIENDS
SERVICE COMMITTEE
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THE
RELIGIOUS SOCIETY
OF FRIENDS
The Religious Society of Friendsoften called Quakers
iS a small religious body having a world wide membership
of approximately 200,000 persons, of whom 125,000 are in
the United States. Like other Christian fellowships, it
embraces a broad range of emphases in the areas of faith
and practice, but for the most part Friends are marked by
their emphasis on the direct religious experience of the indi-
vidual. In the Society of Friends authority is not vested in
a hierarchy; major decisions are made by the group.
Lilte science, Quakerism depends on experience, in this
case inner experience. Whereas science directs its attention
to the external world over which it seeks to achieve control,
the Society of Friends seeks inward discipline and harmony
as prerequisites to outward peace. This search does not
induce withdrawal from the ordinary life of society. William
Penn expressed the ideal in this sentence: True godliness
does not turn men out of the world but enables them to live
better in it, and excites their endeavors to mend it.
THE
AMERICAN FRIENDS 1..
SERVICE COMMITTEE
The American Friends Service Committee, as an out-
growth of the Society of Friends, is :1 contcinporary expres-
sion of this religious belief. Through scr92'icc for the cmmnnn
g00d, the AFSC bears witness to the unity and intcr<lcpcml-
ence-ec0nomically, socially, morally. and spiritua1lly-of all
mankind. One of the original committee members wrote in
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1917: In this time of national and world crisis, which is no
less a crisis in the Kingdom of God, the dominant impulse is
that of service.
That committee member also wrote that, Everyone
asks: What can I, what can we, do to help, not only in over-
coming the evil effects of wars, but in preventing war's
recurrence?" More than forty years later the same question
is still asked. War is a disease and today nuclear war
threatens mankind's extinction. A lone person often feels
there is nothing he can do; the AF SC tries to show that with
Others he can perhaps make some headway.
The very nature of the American Friends Service Com-
mittee precludes a rigid, hierarchical structure. Yet even as
an adventure of the spirit, if people are to work usefully
together, organization is necessary, and an AFSC structure
has been gradually evolving. Beginning with a staff of two
in I917, there are now several hundred employed workers
in the various ollices as well as a host of volunteers. What
began as a single center in Philadelphia consists now of
eleven regional offices and several other area oilices from
coast to coast. In the mid-twenties the Service Committee
was incorporated, rst in Pennsylvania and later in Dela-
ware, with the broad purpose of engaging in religious, chari-
table, social, philanthropic, and relief work in the United
States and in foreign countries on behalf of the Religious
__SOCiety of Friends. All members of the corporation are
Quakers as are their elected members of the board of direc-
tors, thirty-nine in number. With the directors rests -the
responsibility to take up, continue, enlarge, decrease, or lay
down programs. The executive secretary, also a Friend. is
responsible to the board of directo s for carrying out its
decisions. A high percentage of the organization's executive
staff members are Friends, active in their Meetings and in
the affairs of the Society of Friends.
The Committee's overseas field appointees are volun-
teers, serving gcnerally for two years at a time, occasionally
longer. Participation has always been open to persons not
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in membership with the Society of Friends, but sympathetic
with its principles. These men and women have added
different kinds of spiritual gifts, and a constant effort has
been made to conserve the wisdom derived from difering
abilities and points of view within a basic area of agreement.
Most important in AFSC workers is the quality of their
commitment as individuals. The nature of the program
sometimes demands special training and experience but there
has always been room for concerned and sensitive spirits,
especially for men and women possessed of what one English
Quaker characterized as divine ordinariness. -
The Committee's expenses are met by contributions
from members of the Society of Friends; from the wider
American public in sympathy with Quaker efforts or with
one or another aspect of them; in some circumstances from
governments and intergovernmental agencies in areas where
work is carried out; and, in recent years, from philanthropic
foundations and corporations.
AFSC PHILOSOPHY and PROGRAM
Over the years, the Committee has sought to give
ewression to its aims and philosophy. The most recent effort
grew out of a comprehensive review of AFSC program and
practice, carried out by the board of directors in 1960 and
1961. Their report included the following paragraphs;
At its beginning. as today, the AFSC was a movement con-
cerned for the expression and implementation of the Quaker
peace testimony as an integral part of our whole understanding of
the Gospel. It took the form of relief to refugees and other war
victinn. feature has continued, but with varying needs and
in various locations. It has oered Friends and like-minded per-
sons an outlet for their service in behalf of the principle of peace.
Other channels have appeared, all of them connected with this
aspect of Quake:-ism. The present five program divisionsCom-
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u ,-J 92. . I92 092rmunity Relations, International Aairs, International Service,
Peace Education, and Youth Servicesare all scen as expressions
and implementation of the same basic concern.
Our concept of service has broadened over the years to
include etforts to prevent violence as well as to counteract its
eitects, but the roots have remained Constant, nourished by our
religious faith and our desire to serve Cod more fully. We see a
basic unity in all our eorts, whether they be directed to saving
lives, or changing them, or refusing to be party to their destruc-
tion. It is all of a piece and cannot be divided. It seeks to show
the whole relevance of the life and teaching of Jesus to present-
day life.
This unity of purpose requires us to have a point of view on
the great issues of the clay. 9292'e are not neutral. We work for a
world society that is nonviolently ordered and in which men are
neither debased nor exploited for any reason or for any purpose.
We work for it because we think it is the kind of world God
intends men to live in.
The AFSC has not interpreted the Quaker peace testimony
as a purely individual and negative matter. We are a community
impelled by the conviction that it is Gods will for men to do no
grievous hurt to the personality of other sons of God nor prepare
to do so, and by a belief in the practical relevance of love as
taught by jesus. Like other testimonies it is built upon individual
sense of duty and upon personal abstention from what conscience
forbids. It does not end there, any more than did Quaker objec-
tion to slavery limit itself to individual clearness from slave
owning. Friends, then and now, have felt responsibility to act
collectively as well as individually. arrl to inform their own
members and the general public of their concern.
The AF SC does not seek to advanc»; any particular political
theory. It believes that nonviolent attitudes and practices would
create their own benecent result w-Ttiiin any system. Ont of its
faith in the unique and nest values of our notional way of life,
it does undertake to sustain and strengthen these values for the
benet of all. It is concerned with those freedoms _which are
both the cause and the eect of man's responsible behavior. _
This is the Committee's philosophy of service, suggest-
ing why it has gone beyond em:rgency relief to involve
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itself in the great problems of the social order and why it
constantly endeavors to bring love to bear in their solution.
The AFSC is an instrument of communication, small
scale rather than mass, but at its best, deep communication.
All of its programs explore the requirements of a nonvio-
lently ordered society, or experiment with approaches to its
realization. The Committee tries to examine candidly the
implications of its religious pacist insights, and to offer
opportunities to those holding other responsible beliefs to
challenge them.
The Committee brings this philosophy to bear in two
problem areas particularly: race relations and intemational
order. It does so, rst, because its faith that Christ's message
can speak to the aiiairs of nations is as deep as the conviction
that it speaks to the affairs of individuals, and second,
because it feels the need is greatest where the gulfs are
widest. In choosing these elds of service, which are com-
plex and charged with emotion, the Committee must expect
to nd itself caught from time to time in controversy, its
motivation questioned, its actions misunderstood, its conclu-
sions rebuiled.
In spite of this, the American Friends Service Commit-
tee feels compelled to continue to witness to its convictions
both as a religious duty and as an expression of responsible
citizenship in a free society. It is precisely because the AFSC
is concerned to uphold the values that lie at the core of our
national way of life, that the Committee has exercised its
responsibility to speak freely, as conxiction may require.
This it believes to be real patriotism. because freedom must
be exercised with vigor if it is not to l!:-L ome mere form and
ritual, and lose its power. The Com-.1ittee has therefore
spoken out in opposition to loyalty oaths and security pro-
grams because it believes-they create a climate of timidity
and mistrust that chills the heart of freedom. It has sup-
ported experiments in nonviolence and public witness
because these reect the individuals conscientious assump-tion of responsibility at au time when apathy prevai_ls. C" '7 " *
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The Committee is encouraged by the fact that the inde-
pendence of its position, the vigor of its criticism, and the
pioneering quality of its experiments have never in its forty-
ve year history prevented the development of sustained
and fruitful cooperation with other voluntary agencies, with
the American government, and with international organiza-
tions. A unique expression of the condence others have felt
in the work of the Committee may be seen in the award of
the 1947 Nobel Peace Prize jointly to the American Friends
Service Committee and to its British counterpart, the Friends
Service Council.
Many AFSC programs have evolved and continue to
evolve with a sustained relationship to some element of our
government, as for example, the International Cooperation
Administration now AID!; the Department of State; the
Department of Justice; the Department of Agriculture;
the Department of Health, Education and Welfare; and the
Bureau of Indian Affairs. The AFSC has also cooperated
with Church World Service, with the National Catholic
Welfare Conference, with a number of Jewish service bodies,
and with the service agencies of the Mennonitesand the
Brethren. lts work has also been closely related to inter-
national agencies such as the United Nations Relief for
Palestine Refugees now UNRWA !, the U.N. Korean Recon-
struction Agency, and the United Na*ions High Commis-
sioner for Refugees. It works closely with the Secretariat of
the United Nations and with many 1. ssembly delegates. The
AF SC is now working on behalf of Algerian refugees with
the League of Red Cross Societies and the Red Crescent
Societies in North Africa. We ri-cognize the increased
breadth of service made possible through such cccpcraticn
with public and voluntary agencies, and appreciate the con-
dence in the American Friends Service Committee which
this reects. '
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SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS
In order to provide insight into the scope and outreach
of the AFSC, a representative list of programs undertaken
by the Committee in its rst forty-ve years is provided
below. This is a summary list and makes no eort to detail
many individual programs that have been undertaken, espe-
cially in the Committees regional oflices. It does, however,
illustrate the long-standing policy of the AFSC to pick up
and lay down program as needs shift or work is devolved on
others. Responsibility for these decisions rests ultimately
with the board of directors, but the process is facilitated by
the work of a representative Program Priorities Committee,
and by the periodic reviews and evaluations of regional
oice committees and national program division committees.
Ftu'ther information on all current programs" may be
obtained at any AF SC office. In addition, a number of books
have been written about the Committee that illuminate
earlier periods of its history. Among these are: A Service of
Love in Wartinle' by Rufus M. Jones, New York, 1920!;
For More Than Bread by Clarence E. Pickett Boston,
1953!; and The Quaker Star Under Seven Flags by ]ohn
Forbes Philadelphia, 1961 !.
The list of programs. classied to reect current AFSC
organization, and including approximate starting and termi-
nation dates, follows. Programs currentl! active are in bold-
s §'92rr92f9l92||92.r J [Jen - .
I. INTERNATIONAL SERVICE '
A. R!-:1.n-2F, REHABILITATION, AND REO0.92'S1ItUCTION
War relief and village reconstruction: France. 1917-20.
Post-World War I relief: Austria 1919-25: Germany child
feeding in cooperation with American Relief Adminis-
tration! 1919-2-1; Poland and Upper Silesia 1920-24;
Serbia 1919-22.
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Famine relief: India 1943-46; Soviet Union in coopera-
tion with American Relief Administration! IQW21.
Belief and self help: West Virginia and Kentucky coal
elds 1931-35.
92V-ar rt-lief: China both Nationalist and Communist ter-
ritories after 19-16} 19-ll-51; Spain both Nationalist and
Republican zones} 1937-39. '
Post-World 9292'.ir ll relief: Austria 1945-58; Finland 1945-
50; FlIll'tL¬' I91.-4-3!; Ccr1n;~.n§' I915--59. Hungary 1946-
49; Italy 1945-62; Japan 19-£6-59; Norway 1946-47;
Poland 19-16-19.
Post-war relief: Canal Zone evacuees, Egypt 1957; Korea
1%?-:-53; Civil War, Lebanon 1958-59.
REFUGE:-zs .-we NSPLACED PERSONS
United States: Resettlement assistance 1938--; services to
Japanese-.~92meric¢ms U.S. relocation camps! 1942-44.
Pre-World War II: Austria 193840; Cuba 1939; Germany
1938-40.
World 92Var ll: Austria 1946-; France 1939-4:2, 1944-61;
Gerrnany 19-£7-59; Italy 19-30-ll; Martian 1940-41; Neth-
erlands 19-16-52; North Africa 1942-45; Portugal 1941-
45; Spain 19-122-50; Switzerland 1942-46.
Since World War II: Algerian refugees, Tunisia and
Morocco 1953-; Arab refugees Gaza and Western
Galilee under UN auspices! 19-i8-50; Chinese refu-
gees, I-long Kong 1959-; Hindu and .92luslem refugees,
India and Pakistan in Pakistan} 19-17-48; Hungarian
refugees, Austria 1956--, and Yugoslavia 1957; Tibetan
refugees, lnciia 1959-61.
COMMU.92'ITY SERVICES, SOCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Central Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland l958~;
El Salvador 19551-59; India Piplm and Raghahpur
1946-50, Rnsulia 1951-59; Barpali 1951-!; Israel 1950-
61; jordan 1953-56 and 1960--; Mexico 1939--: Nigeria
1960--; Pakistan Chittagong 1945-49; Decca 1949---!.
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II. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
III.Quaker Intemational Centers: Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin,Calcutta, Copenhagen, Dacca, Delhi, Frankfurt/ Main,
Geneva, Moscow, Paris, Shanghai, Tokyo, Vienna, Warsaw with British Friends Service Council and local Friends!19$!-. ' -
Visits to German leaders on behalf of Jews 1938.
International Student Seminars 1942-.
International Student House, Washington, D.C., 1945-.
Davis House, Washington, D.C. hospitality and conference
center! 1947-.
Quaker United Nations Program sponsored by FriendsWorld Committee! 1948-.
Study Pamphlets: The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. Yale Press!1949'; Steps to Peace 1951; Speak Truth to Power 1955;
Meeting the Russians 1956'.
Goodwill Missions: Yugoslavia 1950, U.S.S.B. 1955, Poland
1957. '
Wasliingtoii International Affairs Seminars for government
personnel! 1951--. '
'Qu.al:er International Affairs Representatives: Delhi, Geneva,Germany, Paris, Tokyo, Vienna some with British FriendsService Council! 1952-. 1
Work with U.S. educational leaders and associations I952-.
Conferences for Diplomats 1953-. . . .
Reciprocal Seminars U.S.-U.S.S.R. 196»-.-. '
PEACE EDUCATION 1
Peace Caravans 1927-40, 1948. 1957-.
Institutes of lntemational Aairs 1930-.
Emergency Peace Campaign 1936-38.
Friends Peace Service :1 ministry among Friends! l9~l2-.
National Speakers. Program 1947--.
Family Camps 1950-.
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Peace Literature Service I950-.
Programs with special groups: Churches 1950-; Farmers
1950-56; Labor Unions 1950-.
Assistance in initiating: Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy
1956; Committee for N0n~92/iolent Action 1958; Committee
of Correspondence scholar-l_v exploration of implications
of arms rejection! 1959.
DocuDrama: Which Way the Wind stage tours! 1959-60.
Cooperating member: Turn Toward Peace campaign
1961-.
Disarmament pamphlet series: Beyond Deterrence 1962.
Easier Public Wiiness 1961.
Films: A Time for Greatness 1951; Alternatives with other
agencies! 1959; Lngug Of Faces 1961; Wliicii Way the
Wind 1962.
COMMUNITY RELATIONS .
Self-help Housing: Penncraft Pa! 1936-47; Pllllzldeipllizl
1948-57; Tulare County Clif.! 1962-.
Little Eli-.'e:' Famis project, Abbeville, S.C. 92 macrop-
pers! 1940-55.
Visiting Lectureship program placing outstanding Negro
scholars in colleges and univerisities! 1944-51. '
Employment Placement Service, Philadelphia 1946-47.
Employment on Merit: 947-!
Atlanta; Baton Rouge; Chicago; Columbus Ohio!; Dal-
las; Houston; Indianapolis; Kansas Citj ; North Carolina
state-wide!; Philadelphia; Richmond Calif.!.
Prison Services: '
Visitation, Los Angeles area 1947; San Francisco area
.1948-50. 1956-. _
Crenshaw House for parolees!, Los Angeles 1958-.
American Indians: .1948-!
OH-reservation: Los Angeles; Oakland Calif.]; Rapid
City N.D.!. _
On-reservation: Fort Berthold; Klamath; Maricopa; Na,»
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Svajo; Papago; Penobscot; Pine Ridge; Round Valley;San Carlos Apache; Tule River; scattered Indian groups
in Califomia, Washirigton, and 9292'isconsin.
Spanislrspeaking people: Austin Texas! 1949-59; SantaClara County Calif.! 1955-. _ _ . .
General Community Relations Programs: 951-H! -Baton Rouge; North Richmond Calif. !; Pltiladclpliiai
metropolitan area !; Santa Clara County Calif.!; shite
programs in Louisiana and Mississippi.
Equal Housing Opportunities: 1952-!Burlington County N.].}; Cambridge Mass!; Chicago;Des Moines; Pasadena; Richmond CaIif.! - ' _ .
School Desegregation 952! 9 c
Little Roclc Ark!; North Carolina state-wide!; Prince
Edward County Va. 1; Washington D.C.!.
Farm Labor: Tulare County Calif.! 1955-.
Study Pamphlets: The Spirit They Lice ln° AFSC approach
. ho American Indians! 1956; Race and C onscicnce in Amer-
ica 1959. .
V. YOUTH SERVICES
Internes in Industry program 1927, 19-H-.
- U.S. Work Camps 1934-.
Service projects in Mexico 1939-.
Civilian Public Service administration of camps for um-
scientious objectors! 1941-46. -
Institutional Service Units 1943--.
Services to conscientious objectors 19-I-6-.
School World 'AEairs Seminars 1946-. o
- School Ailiation Service 1946-.
College Program campus visiting! 194T-.
' Out of print.
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Overseas Work Camps 1947-.
Intcmcs in Community Service 1952-.
El Salvador Service Unit 1952-59. -
Friends Neighborhood Group: East Harlem Project l958.
Youth for Service, Sun Francisco wnrk with street gangs!
1958-.
Voluntary International Service Assignments VISA!:
France, Cermuny, Cuatemala, Haiti, lndia, Murucco,
Pakistan, Tanganyika, Tunisia, United States, 1960-.
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AFSC OFFICES
CAMBRIDGE 38, MASSACHUSETTS
130 Brattle Street- P.O. Box 247!
CHICAGO 7, ILLINOIS "
300 West Congress Parkway
DAYTON 6, OHIO
915 Salem Avenue "
DES MOINES 12, IOWA
4211 Grand Avenue
HIGH POINT, NORTH CAROLINA1818 South Main Street P.O. Box 1307!
HOUSTON 2, TEXAS
4717 Crawford Street
PASADENA 20, CALIFORNIA825 East Union Street P.O. Box 991!
PHILADELPHIA 2, PENNSYLVANIA
1500 Race Street
' New York 3 NYC area only!
218 East 18th Street
PORTLAND 15, OREGON
4312 S.E. Stark Street
SAN FRANCISCO 21, CALIFORNIA
2160 Lake Street
SEATTLE 5, WASHINGTON
3959 15th Avenue, N .E.
N ATIONAL OFFICE
160 North 15th Street
Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania
No. sun-zsu-4-02-s..=:.
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The red and black star was originally the emblem of
Nancy, France, a city helped by Quakers in the Franco-
Prussian. War. These relief workers rst adopted the
star as their iderrtifying symbol in 1870, and it has
appeared since then in many parts of the world as
the symbol of Quaker service. The star has been used
by the Americran Friemls Service C0mrm'ttee since its
founding in 1917.
ANIERICAN I-R11-I.92'l92.*i S!-'R92'ICF COMMITTEE
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. On Hay 17, 1962,'C:,_"'_'_j,'2Imade available a pamphlet
entitled, WAn Introduction to the American Friends Service
Committee" which was issued by the &FSC, Philadelphia, in 1962.
it reflects in part as follows: "The religious society of Friends
- often called Quakers -'is a small religious body having a
iold-wide membership... The American Friends Service Committee,
as an outgrowth or the society of Friends, is a contemporary "
expression of this religious belief._ Through service for the
common good, the AFSC bears witness to the unity and interdependence
- economicallv, socially, morally and spiritually - of all mankind...
On February 20, l962,1:::::!IIurnished a "statement oi
' purpose" concerning the high school program of the AI-SC, iiiddle l
ltlantic Region MAR!, 1500 Race Street, Philadelphia. This
statement was distributed by the AFSC. It reads in part_as follows:
. The high school program of the Middle Atlantic Region
of the American Friends Service Committee is part of the
Iorld-wide program designed to educate for responsible
- _ Iorld citizenship, to witness to certain religious truths
4;- Ihich we deem to be relevant to life in these times, and
to relieve human suffering.
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,q,,_ in the faith of the re*f;, " hlve been and we conti
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1:33; death; but we want to
'-* * to 1ive'hnd to fulfill
?=§§hY believe, has a higher
- The primary purpose o7 - -',-- _~ - =".-
0 - '
Service Committee has it_s roots
ligious Society of Friends. -Io
nue to be opposed to all wars.
Io are cbnstrained to make peace. We do not fear
live, and we want'our children
their lives. Mankind, we
destiny than self-destruction...
f the high school program is
§_ }i P-¢,h¢¢$0.provide.an.OPPortunity for high schoo1.age people
to study, analyze, and
' and political problems
be better informed but
non-violent approaches
of the purposes of the
7 ' platform where controv-
I
ed in the program of
controversial figures.
lttempt is made to bri
's
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0discuss the economic,socia1,
of our time not only to *
to find the implications of
to these problems. Since one
program is to maintain e free
ersial issues can be_discussed
by people of diverging opinions, resource people
ten-times are themselves
In the program, however, every
ng a balance of ideas..."
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'_ 'UNITID STATES FESTIVAL COMMITTEEi f:_ _ 1§£!enth World youth Festival! ' __
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, _. __ . _ ____,,,, , 0_n August 4, 1952:, a source made available s. i _"" """" 1ssekgroimd sBatement"'on' the}, Sé5ventFi"iforld Youth""" "*" --"'--=~=*-=
__ =_. -_!estival distributed_by the United States Festival . _ !9 _f¢
' Committee then in process of orzanisation in . fplb.
_-. _. Q New York City., This statement sets forth that the
IITTI"1;p' Iestival idea is supported bypthe HorldFederation
7"'Q. CI of Democratic Youth, cited as a Communist organisation
""" '"' in the House Committee on Un-American Activities,
' - T ' T "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications,1 I. '
~ s". ianuarv Q, 1957, page 93.! with headquarters in
=3 _ ,;_Budapest, Hungary, and the International Union or Students,
, '_,' " cited as a Comunist organization in the House Committee' ' * on Un-American Activities Guide, above, on page.48.!,
'iith headquarters in Prague, Czechoslovakia. It was decided
__ H to hold the 7th World Youth Festival in Vienna, Austria,
;;l_____v_;dning the summer or 1959.:---_.,_, --.
-._.-.__.... .. _ __ - . . ., . . _ .
;;§;;':;:;;_f;:]Lf'_ @he_statement made available by the above source
1 ."55 on August 4, 1955, set forth that the Festival has as its
,l?l;:_ Li-iim the desire to promote understanding and friendly eooperat:
: ;;;;;_ izhetween the youth or nations or the world. q -H
= . A second source on October.3, 1958, made available
Information concerning a Regional Youth Conference or the
GP, USA, held in New York City, on Septemher 27, 1958. The
_ Youth Festival to be held in Vienna was discussed and those
, ' attending were urged to get delegates to attend this festival
and to help raise money to defray delegate expenses.
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0Dear J y
Your letter of June 29, 1962, has been received.
Ii ' Although I would like to be of service, the FBI is
strictly an investigative agency oi the Federal Government and
neither maltes evaluations nor cu-aws conclusions as to the char-
acter or integrity oi any organization, publication or intil*.'io'ua1.
1:: this connection, lniormation contained in our tiles is maintained
es cc:;'i.-.r~:.ti:~.l pursuant to regulations oi tne Department oi Justice.
I r.=;r."-Y. I :-...; arable to help you and nope you will not inter eitner
that we do or do not have data in our tiles relating; to your inquiry.
Enclosed is some material I hope will be of interest
to you.
Sincerely yours,
_ _ e_,_-3; iiooufei -.
John I 2;-jT'.'.r Hoover
Dir-..-ctor
norr= _ _ _The American Friends Service CUI1=fl1i[Ed¢ H-i15 -'! 1145 I-'-1<I1i1-5'-_Pv11¢1-'=>
which occasionally parallel the aims of the Communist Party 11116;"- * ' " - note continued next page!
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_._ -_- Note continued! g . A " .
' however, it has not been investigated by the Bureau, and it is a.
Qiaker organization. One of its current activities is fostering
good win between yoqng people of various nations and for this
reason, it is recently subject of citizens il.1Cj!li1.i1ili£-=
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IIIIIIT A. L108 ' |Inertia Se:-nary --
Inurr Harman '
Ihancu Secretary "
May 1962
, I
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Dear Friend: _~ .
How do you evaluate what is taking place in Berlin, Viet Nam, Jack-
son, Mississippi, the United Nations and wagnjggggn?
, Do you have any real voice in the basic national policy decisions
that effect war and peace?
_e Is the Black Muslim movement a hopeful alteriative or a threat to
Negro Americans: to white Americans?
where do you as a person_fit into a world in which two-thirds of
the people are undernourished and the two power blocs continue to
harden both their missile bases and their attitudes?
" LAAKF 91¢ -/=- -' 1/ ~-
H"I--92g=4 --_ 'l|92--d- ; -C.--... Z _J.I_, ____'=_|_J ___ _ __I__' _ _ :1 -I L _ __-!_ _92 _1. == e nu: nu» =1. .u-:w ur. Lne questions 92J'I1J.Ch WJ..L.L De raiseu aft the
Avon Institute this summer, July 7~l4, I hope you will give caro-
ful attention to the enclosed brochure describing the program, Mi
e1 excellent faculty this year, Kenneth Boulding_ A._J.HfMQtg,I ¬. Eric Lincoln, I, F. Stone, Roger Fisher, §@@ert ?iCKush_e:¢.} we
are looking forward to an unusually stimulating tine.
Q
A week spent at the Avon Institute with people from many religious,
national and political backgrounds, who are deeoly concerned with
the ways of building a peaceful world, has been for many an unfor-
getable experience. It can be the same for you, 7
iéwonlt you bend every effort to be with us Iorwthe tentzihniversary
-of Avon this summer? I look forward to seeing you then.
1
Sincerely,
- -9''11. '-"". "7&'?;'!Z' 14.1;u-L
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September 19, 1962
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Dear H -t . _
_ Your letter of September 12th has been received.
92 J. ,, _
It is always encouraging to hear from citizens who demon-
J strate an awareness oi the problems facing our country and .vno desire to
prepare themselves and otners to meet the atneistic cna.11en;;e to our
freedoms presented by communisrmv A broad knowledge of tne objectives
and operations of the communist movement is essential it the American
people are to effectively resist its eroding influence. _
te _e-*2 ee:_-rice .-:it'.:_:c£.-zrence to you
request, hiier-rneiion LII -r .-st 1.11.83 is cuntioenuz-u and avetiaole tor official
use Only, e<_;~_,= to :;_egule.tions of the Department of Justice. Please do not
infer eithei;_§?"."92nt:-3g"_do or do not have data concerning the subjects of your
' inquiry. ===
I§.;§::. pleasure, however, to enclose literature Ihope will
be oi iniei,_f}i io.,~.~.{o anu your trienas. it contains suazezestions as to now
iii ei us cw: i'i_:E§.§o:nt.-1-unisrn. I eise mt-old to urge met in your -
personal §_':f1ILiL'_;g§.-:!Il of the merits of any group or publication, you give
careful cmzsideration to its objectives and whether they are being achieve:
through orderly, legal procedures.
In the event you are not already familiar with it, I would 1!-
tO draw your attention to my book, "Masters of Deceit, " publisned by 1°3-
Rinehart and Winston, Inc. , 383 Madison Avenue, New York 17, Ne r '5_l'_3'1k
. it ' ! Cn J ,_.'-1
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Ihave also written a new book entitled "A Study of Communism," to be
released by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. , on October 1st of this year.
It deals with the development and expansion of comtnunism tnroughoutthe -world. - - _ '
-_ .
,i - ~ Sincerely your:-1,.
. 3- F?"-"tr Poover --
, John Edgar Hoover
~ Director
, F
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NOTE: The American Friends
Service Committee AFSC! has pacifist policies which occasionally parallelthe aims of the Communist Party line; however, it has n-ct been investigated
by the Bureau, and it is a Quaker organization. _One of is current activities
is fostering good will bi-1-seen young people of various naions and for this '
reason, it is recently subject of citizens inquiries. "1I::t.;:'e friends of
America since 193ii!"a;-pears on tne list of groups desigr Zted as subversive
under Executive Order 10450. Its current title being use; is Metropolitan
Recreation Association, and the headquarters br this grogphuses the addressoi General Post Office Box 634, New York, New York. .'.._____,_LI} xv
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_ Honorable J. Edgar-Hoover '
U.S. Depart
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Washington10- _, en - ._ ._.., - - , _- -Q . _ -.1. _ _
ment of Justice '
-- . . .:.... .»..~:: --éqr -r._-£1.-_ ';-ll-; es-1 5-13*:-:4~e-4*-92; =5-2'4!-=-IF-i!-52¢-J- '-iii-*1 -3'-F-*~'* BL-LI."l'-"-L.l ui iilve stigaion -92r s , ' ___ .__ _ 7
25, n_.c. '
Ikar Mr. Hooverz _ , -
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As a loyai- .0
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American citizen and as a member of
New Jersey, I am concerned abou'. <9 --
whetner the §nerican,Fgiends Service Committee either wittin;
or unwittingly is permitting itself to be used as an instruml
'Iof Communist propaganca. '
"If you can
a reply.
Ionrs very
= 543give me any relevant information I will appreciati
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September 25, 1962
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Dear ' -l
.- -_ -*_Your letter of Septeinber 19, 1962, with enclosure.
has been received.
. , f '
_ - In response to your inquiry, I would like to point out -
that the FBI is strictly an investigative agency of the Federal
Government and, as such, does not make evaluations nor drawconclusions as to the character or integrity of any organization,
publication or iniividual. In addition, iriformstion in our ii-.2: must|92-Ii --alnbninl-<.v-I an an-92nI'{n|r92n§{al 1-uunn-|vr92n+ in-92 anew-nYh§§'n1n¢I AF §-in T92.-92_~-em. -4u A4-nib-planks-nna92v92A 1-on-I 92|I92-Ill-L-L92|9292'-01151:-lnl|A tang:-own-n-only out 4 92-:31-can-s92-awn:-c MIA beau new:-and-4 0-44.n92ponbof Justice. I regret I cannot be oi assistance and hope you will notinfer either that we do or do not have the specific data you requested.
§
-92
Sincerely yours,
u. Edear "°°"°"
__ John'Edgar Hoover
' - Director
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The American Friends Service" Committee has never been imgestigated---
by the Bureau. It has been described as'a pacist group of Quakers
dedicated to the abolition of the nuclear arms race and the establishment
of peaceful coexistence with Russia. _ _ -
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__ 1 Q n A 4_ AL I _ I!_J__' Q Iii iii. __ _. f___-__4_J__-..l.-!_.-...' - Special. AQEHIS OI SHE ICGBTZL Dill--all OI JDVBSULEH-HIDE
observed persons distributing this leaflet in downtown Chicago
on October 24, 1962 and at the Burlington Railroad Station in
Downers Grove,.Illinois, on the morning oi October Z5, 1962.
The contents of this leailet are set forth verbatim
below: " s
_,,_ __ .__ ,,_ -.___.._.
-Q» - - - 92
7 _ "An.APbEAL T0 was AMERICAN PEOPLE
Q - i, _,.,_ __ .
' "Every new military act, however Justified it may seem
to governments, is a threat to the lives oi all the people
Of the world.» ._n---, . -__ _ w
- The Russian build-up in Cuba is such a threat;
- American bases surrounding Russia are such a threat.
.1 - The American blockade of Cuba is such 8. threat!
I . Russian retaliation against a blockade would be such
i threat. . '
""- An American invasion oi Cuba would be such a threat- - -
;;i_< ';_. - "lair YOU CAN no
TFPFGRAPH PRE§§P3"T K33¥¥PY U39§NG= - - - --- e .
c If nlmmediite suspension of the nava1 blockade, no ACT or uuuL_...
uII"um|.-..1..___'
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Auznzcin rnxmws '_ ww' in "
SERVICE COlLHI§l"I'EE - --
-_._-_._,, - _ _
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2. A pledge to keep the Cuban problem before the United
ltatiene until 9. peaceful solution has been negotiated
- 3'. -support the Uni-ted Rationc Principle er INTERNATIONAL
.. .._
' '"-- "MILITARY ACTION or m rm:-mo
7 ammo on mz_onn".a mnon '*- sq-_-' --I - .._ ,._ ' ' __ . .-_-.._
. ; d
" TELEGRAPH THE SOVIET EHBASSY IH IASHINGTOH, URGIRG:
Immediate cessation of Qilitary bild-up in Cuba or
elsewhere. '
2.
-A pledge to keep the Cuban'problem before the United
lotions until a peaceful solution has been negotiated
E1 -'-~ "There my cti11.be time to avert win _- a. war that
can lay waste'tne cities oi the world.
-1 -h -p0 I '
C "Attend-A Gigantic Peace Rally sponsored by Voters
For Peace C C
.Ib Cormick Place, Tuesday, October 30--8 P.H.--$1_=_ _j;;_""; __ fLBT YOUR VOICE BE HEARD! __ A
"This atntemnt is sponsored by: , '
' American Friends Service Committee »
- Chicago Committee For Sane Nuclear Policy _
Committee for Non-Violent Action
-Councils For Correspondence
Fellowship Of Reconciliation
Student Peace Union
Voters For Peace _
Iomen For Peace
"Distribute copies or this leaflet--available at
Boom 305 -- 431 S. Dearborn St. ~ - Hhrrison 7-2533"
_ _ 3 _
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SERVICE coxmirrzt / _ _. .
5 _ The second source advised in.0ctober; 1962 that the
program of the GP of Illinois remains unchanged.!rom past yearn
_,_"J#r9gardin£imaas organizations. .This program of the Party calla t
the iniiltration by Party nembera oi all legitimate Organization:
. such as peace groups, Negro organizations, civic, fraternal and
' Cbmmunity groups, labor and political organizations in an effort2; influence the policies oi these groups toward the line oi the
. . 92 92e_ . _
This.same source advised on October 85} 1962 that at
-1 Board meeting of the Illin0is'CP held on October 24, 1962 Pitt
laders reiterated this program,
. 1 '
ccharacterizationa for the Chicago Committee to Deisad
the B111 of Rights, Chicago School oi Social Bcionco, Fair Play
:£or Cuba Committee and Fair Play for Cuba Committee, Chicago
Chapter, can be found in the attached appendix pagod-
-A11 informants utilized in this memorandum and the
attached appendix pages have furnished reliable information inthe past. .
._ .
D
_,. .
- 4'-
.
in
» .. _.. I - | _. - _ 1. I r _ . ' . _ 92 nl
I . 92 92 .92 _ -Q 92 | v ' __ "92.
I_ 1 tsiIMERICAN rammas npmmlx "~~
' stnvxca co=..n.:rrrsn .
mime-0 coumrrm-: TO nnrmrn . '
ran BI_L§ for rue _ - V -~- ms t _ _
_ C_ Q ._..
The ¬hioago Committee to Defend the Bill O1 nights CCDBR! maintains headquarters in Suite 424, 431 South Dearborn
Sireet, Chicago, Illinois. ;__,_____ -
- A'hOurce advised in July, 1960, that RICHARP CRILEY. a
lember of the Civil Liberties Commission, Communist Party CP!o£
Illinois, net with key leaders of the CP of Illinois and discussed
Iith them the fact that the climate in the United States on civil
~rP_}ibertiesiand ciil rightasisaues-had changed=to the~exteut~that*it was now possible to nroceed to form a new organization with
broad mass support. By doing so, CRILEY believed that peoplewho would not associate themselves with an organization of "
narroy scope would join a civil liberties and civil rights organi-
zation built arounda broader issue such as the abolishment or
the House Committee on Uneduerican Activities LECUA!. The CP
Ioders, after receiving assurance from CRILEY T233 any new
organization that night evolve would protect the Party interests,
authorized CHILE? to proceed with his plan to term a broader
oriinization. e - : ~J
?;; _ A Second source advised on October 31, 1960, that a
new.organization known as the Chicago Committee to Defend the
B111 or Rights was formally launched in Chicago at a nesting
on October 26, 1950. The stated primary purpose of the new .
organization was to seek the abolition of the HCUA, and RICHARD
CBILEY was named as its Executive Secretary, after having been
the guiding force in arranging the Gctober 25, 1960, meeting.
,,___ ..._ .__-_-, - r *-- __._ _ :__.
,;=-- The first source, in October, 1960, advised that CRILEY
again attended a meeting oz the Illinois District CP leadersnin
on Cstober ZS, 1950, at which time he reported on the organiza-
tional meeting of the CCDBR. CRILEY stated that the immediate
purpose of his organization is to obtain mass support to abolish .
the HCUA, but the new Conzittee purposes will also include defense
ti Smith Aotznd Tait-Hartley victims. He said there will be no
formal affiliation with any national organization oi similar
nursose; however, the GCDBR, according to GRKLEY, will consult
and have liaison with national organisations having the same
purpose. According to the source, the CP leadership agreed with
the general direction of the CCDBR as outlined by CRILEY.
A third source advised on May 3, 1962, that the CCDBR
continues to adhere to the sane aims and purposes and operates
under the same leadership.
APPENDIX - o V .
Y
' . - . ' . ha , ., .v
J
1 ,
. - ? !
G
O92
1J -.,__,.
ausnrcana rnmmns .' ~ ' .. '
" gnlfqaeo SCEGQL or SO§lAl._S._ .
1*-1 -s--3-9-1~?--.-*.'
I
I
D
. I-A SERVICE COMQITTEE 5ppgyD1x . _
,. .,§,- -.1 source":-dvised on lla3r,.2, 196.2 gun the Chicago
§choo1 o£'Socia1 Science CSSS! located at 333 lest North eLVenue,'Chicago, Illinois, was organizsd'by the Communist
Plrty {CP} of I11i:ois'2d::atic:s1 Commission in'late 1960. .
A School Committee consisting of eight CP members oi the
idecational Gommfssion was formed to conduct the-day-to-
dly activities oi the_school, At that time, DAVE EHGLESTEIN,
Education Director, CP of Illinois, had over-all responsibili1
in iorming policy oi the operation oi the school.
' During the summer oi £561, the Educational COmm1SS11
Ind School Committee of the CP of Illinois were dissolved as 1
Kesulé ogsghe §§prem¬hCourt decigéoglgglhe Inzernaépsegurity c 0 - . nce at time, I mem er 0
Illinois, and leadership representative oi the West Side
area, C? of Illinois,-and DA?E EHGLESTEIH have been primarily
responsible for the operation of the CSSS.
l The aims of the school to instruct Communists in
Ihrxism-Leninism and to provide a basis or contemporary
subjects which would attract non-Communists have not changed,
and classes are still being taught by members Q! the CP oi
Illinois. ,
.1
s
G
92
£PPEHDIX
. - 6 - .
k '
0I
1? _.I
I ' 92
I
_92,gyq§.. is-Q-' -
I '-. 1 1 _
Imzrucau mnnms
SERVICE COIEITTEE - - a ' - - u>1>mm1'x ' n. .
!!!§LPLA¥_§OR CUBA COH¥IT[§E _
_ The April 6, 1960, edition or "The New York Times
newspaper contains a full page advertisement captioned Wha
Ia Really Happening in Cuba," placed by-the Fair Play tor C
Cbmmittee FPCC!- This advertisement announced the formati
O! the FPCC in New York City and declared the FPCC intended
promulgate "the truth about revolutionary Cuba" to neutrali
the distorted American press. ' _
-
-5-._.*--;v. 92-.,,-. -- .---I :-, '-... .-1-.-.' . . _ --' "lhe He! York times" edition ct Jae&i§y"11, 1951,
rep0rted'that at a hearing,conducted before the United Stat
Senate Internal Security Suhconmittee on January 10, 1961,
Dr; CHARLES A. SANTOSBUCH identified himelf and ROBERT -
TABER as organizers oi the ERCC. He also testiiied he and
TABER obtained funds from the Cuban Government which were
applied toward the cost oi,the aforementioned advertisement
~' On October 3, 1960, a source advised that the
Socialist Workers Party SWP!,in New York had become active
in the FPCC, and that SW? members, in a FPCC election, had
been able to remove several Communist Party CP! members who
Iere on the Executive Board of the FPCC and gain control oi
the organization. _
7 A second source advised that an announcement from
Iational Headquarters of the SWP was made on September 24,1
to the effect RICHARD GIBSON had tired the secretary in the
FPCC headquarters and was trying to break the SWP influence
the ?PCC. -
Column 2, page 8, or the February 22, 1952, editi
01 "The New York Times" contains an article captioned, "Cas
Backer Resigns," which announced that ROBERT TABER had resi
as ixecutive Secretary of the FPCC and as President of the
Institute for the Improvement of Inter-American Relations,I
ihich had organized the FPCC in April, 1960.
a third source advised that Kati
located in Room 329 at 799 Brba
FPCC is operating under the dirn ii? 17, 1§62,
Headquarters of the FPCC is
New York City, and that the
of RICHARD GIBSON, Acting National Executive Secretary of tIPCC. C
- The SIP has been designated pursuant to Executive
Order 10450.
92 _:>.a92 I
7-
OJ1.-1 ,-I. - ' '92_.!
AMERICAN FRiENDS H ~ ' , ';
ssnvzce C0mM1TTEE 533=§2l5
IIV Ib FIR:uni 4.1-an Int-D
AGO CHAPTER i
§ 77' if .
A'§curce advised on Hay 11, 1962, that the mailing
address for the Fair P1»; ior Cuba Ccmmittee FFCC!, Chicago
Chapter, ia Peat Office Box 4434, Chicago E0,
6A second Bufbiqidvliéd-in 0ctcber,.
nhi+=~ Q4 fhs vrnr -~- Qnvmn A -4 u I _..~ _ H n.-...-3 -F... -_ .,-._. Qqwv -.,..., -w-own .¢u.¢.;¢.;5-IF: s.- I-1' "
Chicago
1960 atIllinois.
1950, that the._,
Qha 21:11-nnaiv J-Ifulli i_l¢Ii1 V1
Chicago, Illinois, under the direct.guidance and
leaderehip oi RICKARB CZILSY. e cezber of the State_
Committee, Communist Party £6?! of Illinois.
OA third shurce in August, 1960, furnished a leaflet
entitled, "What Is RS111? Hapeeningin Cuba?," distributed by
the FPCC, Pest Oiice Err 455,'Chicago S0, Illinois. The aims
Ind purposes oi the FFCC as set forth in this
the iclloving: "T0 diseen;nate the truth, to
to publish and diatribuze iactuel information
States mass media auppreeeea. In general, to
-Jleaflet include
combat untruth;
which the United
contribute to
ioundatiena for peace, -:;eniship, and understanding between
ourselves anj the C:bin.:ecp1e." The leailet
plan: to 2cc¢:;1iehreflects the FPCC
theee a::e: "By mailing of informational
bulletins; organizing public meetings and fcrumz; providing
lpeakers, zzviee, and slides for meetings or interested organi-
zations, placing ads in gmvepipira; to visit Cuba and see for
themselves what conditions really are."
A iourtb eouree advised that as 0! Ray
Committee continced as QALQ1, ;ith the.ee:e aims
but under the d;:ect;:: ino i£3d9rBh2p of-ierter
communist svnpatbizere, nearer; of the Socialist
SIP!, and othereehc are p:o=CASTRO supporters.7, 1962, this
and purposes,
communists,
Workers Party
The SIP has been designated pursuant to Executive
pwder 10450.
APPEEDIX _TMs¬""- " ""' . ' ' Y
J6K ' .
u . ., '_ 92. ?- V - P
I 92. l I
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§
6
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4
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. November 2'7, 1962
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_ Your letter postmarked November 22, 1962, wit/1
- enclosures, has been received, end the thought prompting you to
write in 'a;;-reciated. ' V '
-'-tin respect to your inquiry regarding the Anzerican
Fries:-.-.2 5f:~:".-11:: Committee, the FBI is strictly an investigative
agency ::-f i; : 5 _"".~ra1 Government and neither msilces evemations
nor c!r::.:s ::.-;:i-.a:iens as to tae character or integrity oi any organi-
zation, 3:. 1;; -._;n or individual. In audition, information contained
in our £..:: .-:;".:::t be maintn.-;ne.:i as condential in accordance with
regulaiizns oi the Lepartznent of Justice. I regret I am unable to
help you and hope you will not infer either that we do or do not have
data in our files relating to this organization.
sincerely yours,
-7- Edfrrar H-,.__: _ I Q
John Edgar Hoover l
Director
NOTE
'1'h92=>?_92_.n1e:ican_Frien¢*_': Strvioe 11113:.-inziitee .~.1~"-so ! has paciiist policies
occasionally parallr-"l<zithe aims of tne Communist Party line; laowever, it 1::
not been irivestitfatcd by the Euro-vi, rad it is :1 Ounlzor orfnnization. Ct:-':
its current activities is festering; .f_ zi will between young people of variou
nations and for this reason, it is recently subject of citizens inquiries.Enclosures were a panzpiilet on A1. _.'; and a questionnaire. ,
.
0'-
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in-»-nu-="---:_ _ ~ .7 - -.;A,;_;,. _ .... , . -- -.- ----1.-.-.-. ~- 0. _ 1. . ._ 5 . s
I2
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0 '
x . -. -.1 ----,._-1» -,-_----lit.-:_.. g s . _ .
_ - ... _ _ --;' . '-I-vac---_i...,. _'..
United States c?.-partment_0f.Justice.':
_ II
Federel ' Bu i-35.5 J1: inve_§t.i.'g§ti,onR
r
- . | .. . . . ..-~u- Q QQ-_ .--_. -4:11 -.-.-Q -I-1|-._.'_, __ - 1
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:-f 2 " . , _ ~ .92 1 ' '- _""-' "-* "-5 ,§'--"jHovanber27,1962
- .. _ . 4
- 4
B9-$N_l_~» -..-_-4.5 -I -T11. -I-=- .':i£¢'-iv
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Bear H1. Hoover! +__:_.:_. ,;___r__ ___,____,___,_____-_- - _________ __..- __
_---v---I--F- -.---iv --» - _
£!':iis"1"e'tcer1.~s-iin r§i' e§-¬ce"'to Yifiliszte be.*s1io'i"i§¥ our community. Our- . I92_. .r---~._. -. -. - ._
Presbyterian churcn has been invited to view s lni in another church LIet.1odis:.j
1 _ t, _ .. _ --,_-. -. ..H.._ -._r____ _-__- -,._-.. __ _:_-§;ee___t:.i_.:'1.n§ .L_s,to be she:-.n and discussed bi: man Z"ro:n"Phi1ade1phia. It has
been filmed f.n'ol1y*:oo'd"and sponsorec: by th- 1-9221..1lC§;'l_ rrienas for-_ P-ace, This
1, -
l. .-; s. L"; ".;._._._r..._e ;.t. ;.. _. ..__*.;-:_";:" .- _f ;___ 7*]
"_-:. triaershma-ever, me, ':ie'@e__;?-o_sons v_geo_l'Z-&_l.?__s.nc we are sc deeplgz
....- ...- .__........ __.__.... ____ _Y _ __;_ __'__ *_ _ __ -- _ .
3 a-----__- -.-- -u_--|_-n-- - .,-,.~
nf -.---_V -.-_. --...- _-. -._ ' , _ _I +we can t help cu. wancler about tnis particular lm,
-......._- .... --'4' _;.--s : "f" ;; _:~;*»-'-- " -
most all Peace organizations are a Communist front,
Tfoulci it. be eossible for you so tell me xaaetuer0
0
Organizatiolj I sincerely hope it is not; I looked o¢0nc_e§'neQ_aboue the laxit;f, today in our_ cnurches _ i:1_, our own United States that
:Ispecially since we know 1
or not unis is a Communist
ver a paper I have in my pc
Q
m.d round two names of people one ha_d__s§Lgned a petition to do away with the H
Q F£i:=-'*-6-1*»these two I am refering to were under the ...T.erics;;a~3-c,ciet_f,f_ Is This one and the
--i.-_--~
0.: above mentioned? _.---14-7. . ' _
i ¢I_lur_l'Z~;,-ear -ol_d son__._ -_ -..._.-__ ..u__,.-_. -1 ._ _.__,,,
was touring Jgshington lest
- -been'_able__to visit your Bep;1r.:-ant, now.-ever: may 1'5.-1e . __._7 "1 aire enclosed}: s3lf'zvCd;.'Z;"._~~2d,sf-at1;?'C. envzlo
"-- 1--'--4 -;-- --. -_... ---_.._'. ;; ;; - ...%-._1' - "+_ - --.---
__._..- : _V _ __. _ B1115 iT.fOZ'323biOT1, ~I 92:Il'J.:Q_L_ 92t'_:.1;';1?,',;,;_f92,J|_',L';'__- __-_._-___ __--J _
week and was thrilled v.-ith
rm was sorry not to nave
P5, rmd if it. is no-1--""-~ .
J-I
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Q_; --"-*" ' . - Very truly yours, , -._-_,.__
1 .
- 'n4._ PIS Q we , __ ,
0, .
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' A November 30, 1962
.
; .
D1
' __- i.n Q I _. .r
L
..92i-,:;-,;<_l -_ W: --L-ue---1-L.-' »g.'wi.---.---_-._, _ , l
near - - . _ - - -
. §- _ - .
. Your letter oi November 27th, with enclosure,
has been received and I appreciate your kind comment regarding
the work of this Bureau. It is a pleasure to learn that your son
enjoyed his tour of FBI Headquarters.
Although I would like to be oi service, the FBI
being an investigative agency of the Federal Government neither
makes evaluations nor draws conclusions as to the character or
integrity of any organization, publication or individual. In
addition, iricrmaticn in our {tics mast be maintairzed as ccn:'i-
dentiai in accordance with regulations oi the uepartment oi
Justice. I regret I am unable to help you and hope you will not
inier either that we do or do not have data in our files relating-
to the subjects oi your inquiries.
>< . 92 O Sincerely yours,
Ll. Edgar Hoover _
Q
" "John Edgar Hoover
Director
IE J
" I . 0 1 1 - -' ' .-9- ' '92 .
92 '_ 3"_...! ,
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- ' NOTE: American Friends for Peace -could not be identied in Bullies.The American Friends Society has never been investigated by the Bureau_, however, numerous inquiries are received relative to this Quaker group,,,..,.i,;=.,,¢-,~_,-=-- a-idlh 1Lmerican__¥fr_ie_;_;i_5;,>=g;y;;§;_q@;g;ni;¢eea¢ -';.he.latter has been . ----_ descripeci as a pacifist group oi Quakers dedicated to the abolition of the' nuclear arms race and the establishment of peaceful coexistence with .____ Russia. In October, 1962, about 15 persons from several local "peace- " '5' groups" met at the local offices o1:._the AFSC in Chicago, Illinois, to;prepa_re_a_ leaflet on the subject=_of the Cuban Crisis for local distribution. _a r - _ n
V C
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with the
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past and
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Southurn Rhodvsia Election Set _
considerable vacillation. the Suuthern Rhodesia Ptliamun has bcvn dis-
elections set for Duccnbcr lth. The new constitution CQmc_into cfioct
asolving of Parlinmunt.
gh some of the n
test the cloctlo
caudidatcs for
P and
lower
unt.!
ur lea
Iv nthJ
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re is
is ca
Ha In. H. re
they a
ially
."I_.'921,the Rhodes
roll seats
The RF is
dcr or the
r
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P promi
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aLion- ul
cnn,u;
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will bu
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u two0U:.i-
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also a spr
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itwilling
ntc;ratedcw parties formed aftur the ban on ZAPU declared choir in-
n, nonu can new do so, as the deadline for nominations is
new parties filud £0: clecticn.
ian Front are con:esting.al1 of the ,, - seats
. ln one upper roll scat the UFP candidate is standing as
u ri;ht~wing caulition of splinter grcups led by Winston
Opp0SiCiQ in the Federal Assumhly.I]T92I'92l'iF Y - _- Q
'>Pt"§r-in 1'-92 c f¢.nf'v--zl A-'v--92'.r-n 1'1._-.92.4.92.4l1 ¢->- ¢n 92JI_ll92'l.t-92l| 92&L.L92- 4
ey have one upper - candidate and 13 lower roll con
inkling of Indepcnucnts in the iield.
iut no
racial arvas established for chose who wish to
- Ihu {cal that the new [L3Chi59 pfCTlLlOnSon just one rccd integration. They wish to
,-. ....A I-1--.-.1,92..-l|'.92 L!.L92JLI92- nl. .'~...-¬ 92-.1-._ n!» _.-. _ -.-1 192.n.'92.c a-L-.1 iutuntt,
}:Lfvhu-;4H1_-
¬.
.;?;~=. »_f92l='75" _"1*-3* '
*' <* ss1
"
IBENIEEFIICIIKFG F=F§iEEliI!!5 §§EEIQ92!llE C3 !l?iHl'Tf-1tr~*3|I . IiI11
1G0 North Filioenth Street, Philaclclphi-'1 2- Ph-'-Yiv-"l W!§?:§§_ ;.»92Vy i; %§;;:7" = 'rrL3j Z
_,___;@;; ;_ -4.
" " E:em Lyle Tntum, Salisbury, Snuthcfn Rhodesia November 155?
-tuna-3-I ' -92-7 77". __ ~-nib . - . Vol.
r ,4.---.....__' . .53 ' 7!;:-if 92'.92iQ§Q'1.?=Z_1;_L'§?i__O§1 _C_§_E_};f._Z;>
AFKEFKNS NCYR INTO PG?"R IN NOR H? N PHODESTA iN_ _ W :1: V _*w __* 1 l1|92
Assuuing the formation of a coalition bctwccn the nationalist part
Rho
Ail
tL:Tl
and
not92i92I'5i
icnn g
Nvns
goin
docs hep
it willaland, is still
to come about
Fcn it will bt
make the contin0
;|
In Lb? ¬i¬¬Ci1 Ev
tcd IRiFpund
U21?!L E- .1
fit
uthcr
5.!Crxi
la
orninz potty in SJ
nationalist Berti
cessful deal unis by Lh
Cuh in tLc Htisl to
cnmpicx nstioaal cenc
Tuf- v , and t
£-
01.51;.
The complete climi
apyrosche lttwugh it
at all. :01
party trying to brid;¢
CDh5iilUUnCLOb of tut s
of 10% of the vote of
vofa: and 1.U£l. L.-*.' th:
aha election and orbtic_ 1 . -.1. Q
£-
In'92
,-1 _--
final
cf EULH.A strczw-0 nd
e7rction UyCL¢P
is ceztain that not enr
the baluncr r; pcwcr.
1 ,iJ'92
uii¢u;-Gnu my hr rel
drath of a cc ., m
ihrougu a Lyfytrpni
;= fTAfr5r1 ?»nmt, YJ..--- 7-. .--s.-.----F .--- ._-J-..-..-¢-...lC Ciis about to Lvcum the nvwest addition to the list oi African
VPrn1wnts. That cOuliLi0n seems curtain, although as this is
mbnr 22nd!, Sir Roy waleushy, Prime Minister of the Federation
whirtling in the dark about believing such a co
. Sir Roy, according to the Rhndi§}iE giilg, s
extremely difficult for the Fedora} Guvcrnmunt."
ued existence of this Federation impossible for
Id October 3Oth*, the United
ty won 14 seats includin
an National Cotgrcss wv
n Rhodesia and for the Eu
Somcthing like lhis fuf
I anu thc
tuuncics,
cies, suee Ur
nnti
tuon
on oi the
3 bit of
92-1;; ;{_- .*-JU Q!
trnnsilionnti
UJL4
cats
thy
¢HLb
sch
{tit
its11;: : E1 , »:E~
race, the
tn vote.
format mv
SLRcz::;>L wi ll
ii. Iis dwuotAWL! , wh i c h
was a milu ral Party won 1
5 an independent candid
five stats. The UFP 1
rirnfinn. 'i'i?.5TQ .-anrl __"..'!" ..._._...-...,..- U ... .,.... ___._,n
ult was expected, alrhaug
allowed them to pick up
SU pfi£Q. For cxplnnaIII, No. 12
§_ClR§BLAEIO§
ics, Norther:
states with
being writ-
of Rhodesia
aiition is
ays, "ii it
Actually,
much longer.
5 seats; the
ate backed
s Lhv gov-
trc Airican
h the suc-
two scat
Lion of Lh:
APSC Africa P0Eurt, Vol. III, X0. 5-!
Libcral Party was foreseen 35 clection day
a surprise to 50c than pulling almost no vctcs
porcd to be Cilr-d for the Liberals, a
4 L0 Afrirn rula. Yet in the five national
ere no candidates met the minimum fquiftmgn
Liberals evvragcd only 4.88% of the European
Ihe Liberal Party disbanded innmdiatsly after
bcfS to UUVPUYE Ulr.
be made to fill these ten seats at 3 by~
ful if any of tha seats will be iiilcd, and it
ugh buJLS wili be filled to make any appreciable change in
-=- u
UNI? Wins Mass Support
The hare reporting of seats won obscures the fact of mass suyport.for UNIP.
To analyze the election returns for party support, the national constituencies may
be ignored, as merely swelling the totals, and the lb upper roll and 15 lower roll
constituencies CQn5iCrfEd- This will 1HClUdu one vote for every registered voter
with the e>.:.'e;>ti0n of the fifteenth upper roll constituency where the election wa
postponed.
Of these 29 seats, 13 went to the UFP, 13 to UNI?, and three to ANC. There
were lO7,0GO valid votes cast for these seats. Sixty oer cent of those votes went
to F319, 211 to UFP, 161 to ANC, and 31 to Independents and minor parties.
The disparity in seats won in relation to popular vote is largely due to the
much smaller number of voters in the upper roll constituencies. The combined margin
of victory for URI? on just two large lower roll Constituvncics in the Copperbult
totaled-more than all of the votes cast ot the UFP in all 29 constituencies.
One of the UFP myths is that they are supported by a large body of "moderate"
Africans. Tho Nyasalcnd clcction ended that myth there, and now the some has been
done in Rorthcrn Rhcdtsiu. It is customary, than parties are selective as to whore
they enter candidates, that they run for efiice in the constituencies uhere they
are strongest. The UFP entered candidates in oniy iour lower roll constituencies.
These four men received a grand total of 180 votes.
Another clcarcut result from the election is that four out of five voters
voted ior candidates Committd to termination of the Federation of Rhodesia and
Nyasalani.
Purpose of the Constitution Defeated
The Euuposed purpose of the nations] seats was to weight the Legislative Conn-
cil with members obtaining support from both races. No such persons were elected.
Both ARC and CR1? worked hard to woo European support with a campaign stressing
Moderation. The UFP fought a "hate UNI?" campaign, led by Sir Roy uelensky anJ sup-
ported hy the Tcrritcry's only daily newspaper, which successfully drove wavering
white vottrs into the EFF camp, nppftly convinced that the time had not yet at-
rived to seek accommodation with African political aspirations.
As clearly shown by the voting in the national constituencies, the result was
strictly racial voting. Tn the two national constituencies where candidates were
elected, it uss done not by support across racial lines because of confidence in
the candiustes but by cooperation of parties with diumitricnlly opposed policies.
The cornering of the market on white votes by tho EFP wns a Pyrrhic victory.
Not only did the ubu ve antiU§YP campaign cause bitterness on the part of A1ritun$
and rouse more fears C he putt oi w but the strictly racial voting also con-
vinced mun; ton C31? l. . - to try lo placate whites and to
deal with then: l.!li'D 1 ~ " Sc-'n.= !{a'1t:c-n-ll C.!-_::1cil mt-rub-i-rs .::'v tl;.:r";5r*.:;
Kenneth hugnon, grtsiuent, . . .H .. on ...,Lnns nnd misiudging {hm
value oi F§lP's nhoUi on nunrntialidm, attempts to roorsurc the civil service,
etc. On A visit to h;rLhern Rhodesia iolluwinu the election, it was easy Ln senor
the alt ; in rnco rrlationw. prito .ill ht p..d in such specifics as fdiltr
AfYlcnnIznLiO of the civil service, 6 harutr line in ftl&Ci0h1pb with Southern
Rhodesia, 5renter pressure agninst the Federation, rLC.
4
4
- 3 1- .9!
,-
Onc lesson that should be learned from the election is that, whereas ideally
n constitution reilects the best in the society it serves, it is too much to expect
a constitution to remnkc a society.
_ What Next?
Although the new constitution has become nn instrument for tremendous advance
in African participation in Covernment, it dOrS not_chan3e the basic constitution-
al status of Northern Rhodesia. The Governor, now Sir Evelyn Hone, continues to be
the source of all executive authority. one of the Governors many powers is the
right to appoint any number of members of the Legislative Council, although he would
not nornmlly be expected to appoint more than one or two.
The Legislative Council will be made up of the 34 members elected October 30th,
plus those elected December 10th, plus six civil servants holding certain oliicinl
posts, plus any additionnl nominees of the Governor.
The ANC is in a strong bargaining position in relation to the UP? and UNIP, as
a coalition with either party would give n majority of the elected members. This
deal has non been made with UNIP, and it is piesnmed the Governor will ask the
UHlP-ANC coalition to iorm s Government soon after the December 10th elections.
It is on uneasy coalition, not because of basic policy diiferenccs between the
parties but because oi mistrust of personalities on both sides. However, ARC power
will lnrguly end with the formation of the Government an there are opt to be, and
can be at any time necessary, sufficient official members and nominated members to
maintain the Government with UNI? Legislative Council votes alone, even if ANC
should later on choose to vote with the UFP. ~
It is most unlikely, however, that Northern Rhodesia can gain a respite from
pressure for more conrtitutionul change, no motter how stable the Government. Both
Uni? and ARC are committed to immediate constitutional advance to transfer power
from the Governor to n parliament, to broaden the franchise, and to establish n
legislature reflecting more accurately the more than 3Ol African-European popula-
tion ratio,
B-732
¢FO
1 l 1/
1-. 92 .,-IE-r ~_. z.--L;" I _ 92
>. '¬f;;-5,
*1. ~-.1... E-.i" u,-,-_...»'
--._- 16!_r"'1'-3- -A. l '1'-33' ;
jj-'__-f-'Amr::wecAr: FRIENDS serzvlce commnrr-=--ti!.
0 North Finoonlh Slrr-ct, Phnladolphia 2, Ponnsylu-.1
_____1'_' ,7 , ___ "_ __ _ _ _ : ;_ ___" 1_ '7 7 V 7 7
2 _ - From Lyle Tatum, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia Septemberin. 11 7'7 V ' '
'92-.92
The last months of 1962 will see political Changes in Central Africa which viii
make irreversible the march tounrd African rule in the very near future. In differ-' '0 .hr-.'2?
K l 111, K0. li
t:' NOT FOR UF9T92TTO§ OH CE " 92L CIHCVTATIO'
E QZEICYN QQIFREVF¥TS,K~. I nun! - .
ozna r§1;*;_1_r_1<_:.~.1. _cr.1:;f.92~<,
ent ways the three Territorial Gavernnents of horthern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia
and Nynaland are waving touard political climaxes vhich have been gathering force
but have keen SuCC&$5ful1y delayed for years.
The roles of
Rhodesia and Nyusn
ward in Airican pa
two CUVPrnEQtS.
British Ylt bitterL
1he British Government and the Government Of the Federation of
and continue to he important in this process, but each step £or
itical advancement removes a bit more of the influence of these
This removal of influence and responsibility is welcomed by the
<
J.y resented by Federal ofiicinls. The extent to which these two
non-icrrltoriel forces will co to maintain their diametrically opposed interests re- D
nuinS the greatest unknown in a fluid political situation heavy with potential vio~
lento.
D-
Lion and a
Edgar hhiichend,ith a deadl
ll0:?
tin
the
four or iive years a
from the rest
he
Thin Q6
Sir
nit rxic sl
than 77 0! the
E1 l92|l5;!§..L E;
black natinneli
pendent hirienn. _ llLJ,
/.1 Ehouqh i
the vast nnieriof l
ra1., September 1-
gar m
ip c
F9?
I
J.
SC RtlC
E
92_
0'E-1!.
S I.-C:
StuFf .';l""1'l"".1 'IpTr*.l92l Dr iv-'11921'l-'92't92h 92--'n1r>nr'n-1-. I - q ~ ~---.,..._ l-~.._......., ..._....--_....b -.92vq.92-up-92-.,
wCrisis Mounts in Southern Thodesia
economy, Southern Rhoesia feces a real crisis.L!
Prime Minister,
world in the
1962!re going Ln be n
HQ
of course, the
the tongue
l='!EiOl'1 V11}.chl1
t
cc
W!
_.1 §92: ¢... 'l.._.1LL l'L Lil; j92.L'[il1
.3- .
<
. 92,_i
Deadlock Continues
The deadlock on constitutional advancement for Southern Rhodesia continues. The
election which will pot the new constitution into effect was originally scheduled for
October hut has new been postponed until 5036 indefinite time next year, pPrhP5
March. This constitution, giving Africans the possibility of about 1? seats in n
pnrliemont oi 05 memhors, was drown up at a conference rich representatives Of foot
local political parties and the British Government. The Dominion Party rightwing!,
now a part of the Rhodesian Front, never approved the constitution. The National
Democratic ?arty African nationalist!, now the Zimbahwe African People's Union,
first accepted sore parts of the plan but then rejected it completely. The Central
Africa Party liberal! accepted the constitution, but has now rejected it hecnuse
they {eel that new security legislation violates the spirit of the constitutional
agreement. Ehis lEaVQs the United Lederal Party, the perry in power, es the onlylocal participant in the conference which stil supports the new constitution.
Last month, in an unprecedented move, church lenders, including the Roman C;tho-
lic Archbixhap as well ns Protestants, made o public call for a conference of polit-
ical lcaoers to reconsider constitutional advance and other problems facing Southern
Rhodesia. The public request was followed by one public meeting, large newspaper ad-
verLisemen;s, and a mailing requesting support from numerous organizations. There
was little rublic response.
The P*i:c Minister responded, with an air of injured innocence, that the church
lenderr didn't need to make such a public declaration, and that he would be glad to
talk to then or anyone else anytime. Ho followed up with a forthright statement in
Parliament that there was no possibility of any change in the constitution before iLs
implementation by the election. '
2A?U repliei that they were willing to sit in on a new constitutional eonierence
if it were chaired by n representative of the British Government and if they conle
attend as equals with the minority control Southern Rhodesian Government.
Hennwhil, ZAPU declares that they will make it impossible for the new constitu-
tion to be implemented. They have successfully frustrated the GovernmenL's effort to
enroll n large number of African voters. There are about 10,000 Africans new on the
rolls our of a Government estimated potential of 70,000. There were better than
é,@UU on the old roll.! They have not discloned the means they intend to use to keep
the ctnrtitution from going into effect. Although ZATU could cause n great non] of
trouhle, it is unlllcly they could prevent a determined Southern Rhodesian Government
from holding an election.
Violence Mounts
tion to the new c
Southern RhodesiaIn the context of ZAPU cppon;
tion 92.'i.hi:1 the f.i1'.c.x:92 co:.':1nn.iLj.',tion and increasing frnntrn
lacing a rash of uidesnread
violence. lhvre were for more ircioents of violence we month oi Auuut Linn in
any previour month, anj the tempo of incident; has spcncd up during the first h;l£.
of Septcrhei.
lherv hove hoen n number of cases of nrson, mostly minor and largely ciird to
African areas, unnuccessful attempts at deruilinq trains and dynamiting bridget, scan
ingu, ruahlocrn, Cutting of tcleyhnne cnhlc, etc. The more serious attempts. such
on the d;922"itin@, hnv heen cnrrE~d out in no inept vn, and have been largely unsuc-
cessful. The incidents are in heth urban and rural nreas.
It in rvnirknhle that in no muny incidents there ha? been so little loss oi life
and property.
there have hen
ders. A few A
homes. The mo
' Rho is re
blame, they dt. 3 - 1 !
One Atrican was killed by police gunfire in a riot a few days ago, and
a couple of Africans killed in apparently politically inspired mor-
ricnns have been injured in the course of petrol bomb attacks on their
t extensive property damage was n $25,000 fire.n
i
s
nponsible for the violence? Although ZAPU gets a great dcnl Of the
my all fesrcasibility. It is possible Lhat these events stimulate one
another anon; more irresponsible centers of the African community. There is no evi-
dence oi cent: aliztd planning or rattcrn of method. Some of the violence is 0hvious
ly related to o snlit in the African labor movement, some dLYCCEd against Africens
who are police
Three or
leaflets in nP
o
1'
Liherntioxl Air.
t llkenbwc is
Zambia, and X
mwdtrute. ll
"trio" appear92
S
verwrne
up existing s
ditions to Lh
novtment abut
banned organi
~
s
9
~
s.
?
Th Afri
Party which n
is expected t
were hnnntd L
nationalist re
it was finally
not duplicate
welcome e wide
will be no secC
S
1|
Thase pa
security legi:
The Fonih
elated polity
Federal Asawly
first time for
Europeans.
In n srvv
hfi 17 l 5: 4
lluetc h_iVreservists or members of the UF?, some without any obvious motivation.
distributed
?§mhJbve -
Rlux Klan.
hsdesio is
as being tooonizations of unknown size and composition have secretl
ban African Lounuhirs. These have called themselves th
y, Zimbabwe Libeiation Front and the Zimbabwe African R
he current African h&m2 for Southern Rhodesia. Norther
osaiand is Malawi.! This Zimbabwe trio has attacked Zn
also promises more violence in the fight to "liberate"
to have a common source as yet undecided what to Cally
e
u
n
TU
Zimnahwe. lhe
itself.
t response
zurity legi
security 1to increased and more violent opposition has been to tighrv
slation and to introduce more stringent laws. The main aG~
egislntion pivc the Covernment wide powers to control the
the country of suspect individuals and prevent the regrouping of n
ntion into a new organization with the some leadership.
onal Dewocratic
some leadership. I
August 22nd! and
ted thnt if FAPU
a nan African
of the law, but asand became the Nari
ith pfaCLi¢ally the
The Eggbynrk Iigii
h! erroneously repor
e legal formation of
ed on early versions
r similar leadership which is outlnved,
or similar aim The Southern Rhodesian Government would
ly supported nationalist party willing to contest the election. There
h party'undcr this constitution. -on ntionel Congress ios banned
banned and became ZATU, all w
at ZLFU vill be banned soon.*
Atlantic Edition, September It
is legislation would prevent th
' reports were has "ement. Iheso
enacted it is only duplicate 0
s and policies.S t
rsons interested in a wore thorough examination of Southntn Rhodesian
lntion shoulé see the addendum to this report.!
Positive Action Taken
n to wove in the direction of its c-
lLlOH. By concurrent action in the
intent it is now possible for the
ed education to Africans andorn Rhodesian Government continut
of Qliuinhtin all rntinl distrin
and the Southern Rhniesian Po:
private schools to oficr lntegra1J
rR
- 4 - _ ' I
..!
commercial areas to become nonracial. More than n million qcres of rural land is in
the process of becoming or has become open to settlement on a nonracial basis.
In spite of considerable progress in the elimination of discrimination, Sir
Patrick Dean's statement at the United Nations that the outhern Rhodesian Government
has removed "virtually all those teatures which discriminate unfairly against Airi-
cans" can not in all charity be celled anything other than a gross overstatement.
More than 8,000 Africans were arrested the first six months of this year for not enr-
rying proper identification certificates, while Europeans are not required to carry
identification of any kind. Public adoration is completely segregated end vastly
different in availability and per pupil expenditure. Permits are needed to go into
many municipal African townships. and municipalities have only such nvthority as
given them by the Government. Trade union legislation provides for racially segre-
gated branches and devalued votes based on skill, which is really s reflection oi
IQCQ. HOSC Of Southern P1032813 i 52511 divided into Afrjggn and ngn-ffiggn gyggg
by the Lend Apportionment Act. There is racial discrimination in the police force
in status, uniforms, etc. The list could be extended. The point is thot the South-
ern Rhodesian Government deserves credit which it often doesn't get for advnnce on
this iront, but it and the British Government often damage the case by claiming fur
more than has actually been accomplished.
Uelcome as are changes toward e nonrncial society, it must be kept in mind that
the complete elimination of racial injustice on the legal and social front would not
solve 9oothern Rhodesin's problems. The African drive is for the takeover of politi-
cal power.
Northern Rhodesia s Campaigning
Northern Rhodesia is in the dst of an election Campaign to implement a new
constitution which all parties dis $he_but with which all are cooperating. The elec-
tion has been set for October 4%ot.3o"
Because of the complexities of the constitution See Africa Reoort V0. III, Ho.
6!, the outcome of the election is uncertain. The race 1s EET¥EZH'?HE*unit@a Nation-
al Independence Party, the larger of two African nationalist parties, and the United
Federal Party. UNII will prohalaly pull through witlaout 0. Clear-cut n.3j0rity but 92_-_iL'h
the most stats. lrrcspective of the outcome, this election marks the Voint at which
African: become a majority in the Legislative Council, even though they will he
divided awong the various political parties.
The British will be faced with demands for a new constitution soon after the
n1@.»:-. w»e -"i_i A :11 LA , n1:q4 kw tn, ire:.,_, r..Li it 92_ :__% ec_ 4%C1 _...l'-1|-Jlaa LIILI iJ&.lL'bD1Jl92f 92>-'11]. Uli £I]'i11i h K1! Liui 1-.1lJ.L11II!, 92.ll LllL'I. LL LE LIOH. Lhl. 92.'<!ll
tngc point of c stable Airfcen-led Government or in the context of political insta-
bility with u UFPlud Government. Kovthcrn Rhodesian Africans are in no mood to usit
ior n more representative government inasmuch cs they see Nyoeelend Atricnns moviu5
rapidly nhcnd in the acquisition of political power.
Although sporadic incidents oi unrest continue to occur in Northern Rhodesia,
the nt:e:ph;:. SFQUS ruck healthier than during the past your of constitutional ne-
gotiations. The prospect for n peaceful election looks good. If there 1» to he
additional difficulty in orthern Lhodesin, it will be subsequent to the election.
Advnnce Set for Hyasulond
In August Nynsvlnnf passed the first anniversary of the ingugurgtjon g[ {he
Hnlowi Conifers Party Government led by Dr. Bands. In moo; ways it EH5 a most
successiul yealdi _ 5 _
r, with even the uneasy, reactionary white opposition somewhat molli-
fled. Edlawi ministers -aimed widcsorcad reswctt for their herd work and devotion E .
to duty. Thor
velopmcnt plan
tunities. Piae was close cooperation between the Governor and the ministers. De-
s were worked thtOu3h, includin5 great increases in educational oppar~
no were implemented for placing more responsibility at the local level
for things such as roads and schools. A system of direct election to district coun-
Ci isls for local
oi persuesion
nomic developm
rctary for the
Nyasaland when
1-V -1 92 - - 1 1 - - 1. .
nyasn.nno
in
the United Fe
gles along. x
trnlized power
and there is n.8
nn
looks like loss of freedom to some Europeans is seen
Eyasalnnd Afri
Th
Fedorat
Often J
ernmcnt
basket.
been re
oi Rhee
Federal
continuare i
ion und
on t be
oifice
PL -tier
called
esin an
functi
2 to op
A
her. I
rocking
stantie
J ATL-or Lnunew con
t looks
the ho
1 prudr
1'-k 1-_. @I CIi ['ii C
Th
cording
ing the
office noptewh
Fhichever ddt
celebrate o toB
to uhi
Ftdera
Roy W
lcndc
UFP looundisputed -
oration has just pa. ORG
¬CO"government functions is now in operation. Agricultural policy
tether than coercion, An impressive intcrnntiooal symposium on
ent was Organized and led by Dunuuza Chisiza, the Parliamentary Sec-
Hinistry of Finance. It was a severe blow to all of the people of
Hr. Chisiza was killed in an automobile crash a few days ago.!
Congress Party, with Dr. Bands is cominatco conpretely by thapsiawi
' olcrnnce of Opposition, althnugl cnnrge of the party. There is little L
oral Party still functions and a smell African opposition party S!Tug-
here has been sowe Malawi opposition in th labor movement. This cen-
disturhs some Europeans, but yesnland is more than 300-l Africnn,
0 question about Dr. B;nda's massive support from Africans. Phat
as the coming of freedom to most
CCll1S-
-. .-I-.,.92-.-,.-92-'.92~ AC 1,.-.1...-: .~,.-..92-92MU DJ-tILl92LllJ.l-IL, K11. 1L4.iLrJ.92VJ. L»}JrJLJ
or Federal Government soonsor-.-4 5- 0-1--_._Lb LKJ I-{ill
to Federation. u
are bovcot*ed by Malnvi officials an
' , 1 92. 1 . '- - -
ther to be to hyesnlnnd. Letters from Feoeral officers to Malawi Gov~
5 are apt to be cheerfully deposited in the most convcnint waste-
al schemes for development are turned down. Nyasaland students have
from Southern Rhodesian institutions and from the University College
G Nyasnland in Salisbury and sent elsewhere {or education. However,
ons such as post oiices, health services, and non-African education
9111 [G u.92mOI.¬.'3 {.1211 .
nce on constit
if the British{ere
as
at u
ens
iutionnl advance for Nyasalnnd is scheduled for Novem-
hnve promised Dr. Bands that, in retvrn for not
ntil after the Northern Rhodesian election, they will permit
at that time toward his goal of on independent Nyasalnnd out
of Rhodecia and Kyasrlcnd.
Federation of Rhodesia & Eyasolnnd is in Trouble
ssed, or is just approaching, its ninth birthday ac-
1 92I -. 6 k
against northern Rhodesia remaining in the Federation.
1
Although the nmjnrity of Southern Rhodesian whites would fever continuing the
Federation under the status qua, their scntiwent seems clearly againsLbcing in a
; federation with two African-dominated Territories. Thereiore, support for Federation
= in Sopthern Rhodesia is apt to be severely weakened by the Northern Rhodesian elec-
1tion.
An abortive Federal review conference, which was started and then adjourned
nearly two years ago, is sunpostd tu be fCSu1Cd aronnd the end of the year. Advisers
to the British Ccvernrent are again tourin the Federation {or information, but it
seems unlikely they can find anything new to report. They are specially charged with
assessing the econ mic impact on ynselend of its leaving the Federation, an item of
hardly more than acndcmic interest to the Malawi Congress Party.
Althocch Hvasland is usunllv held uo as the Territor- vhich needs the eccnomic 92-I - - I
aid of the federation, Southern Rhodesia is the Territory which hill suffer the
greatest economic loss. Markets for the industries concentrated in Southern Rhodesia
will be atelier; there will be a greet loss from the reassignment or discharge oi
Feeral civil.servents concentrated in Salishnry; Federal Government activities.
which cans: economic stimulus, vill be ended; mining companies will transfer person-
nel from ¬e1isbury to Lusaka and so on. Economic difficulties uill further aggravate
the political problems-
Not even the African leaders most antagonistic to this Federation are opposed
[;6e-Jl idea, hut this Federation was imposed over African objections, and
those objections have never been overcome. it is doubtiul now if any action of con-
stitutienel review could save the Fccration, even giving an African majority in the
iederal Assenbly, a step which unites are noc.wi1ling to take anyway.
Some white Rhodesians are hoping that Hyesnland uey go and political links be
kept wirH Northern Rhndcin. loin, too, is nn idle dream. Northern Rhodesian
Afric are going to be calling the tune for their Territory, and they will not linl
a shite controlled Southern Rhodesia. Even the Public airinq of this ides
has cnnsed UAIP to tale e much tougher line on cooperation with Southern Rhodcnin.
The British will surely not impose a second affiliation unacceptable to Africans.
There Federal lenders intent on maintaining rhite control, some for good reusonc
and scvc For bed, will have to rctrcet to Southern Rhooie if they wish to Ttmii
in Central Africa. Western standards" can he maintained in Southern Rhodesia for a
little lonycr.
z»'92i"'!F:T~T'!lF I
The
htoi!
u ii!
" iii!
There
membership
oréaniretio
Under
rational De
Territory,
The no
lawful if i
|| n! i
bl i
o
c! 1
! i
d
0
The amendmc
being a sue
The ta
smmmry of
conviction
this Year t
European, t
Tl : P
50p C ¬:I.:
page Act.
tightvnin
the Act cro
means of r
other ports
nae
ion . nnot
cetwiirqi 1:192!t'.'IEs - 7 -
Security Legislsti
Colony; or
are dangerous
ft92'l'3l'I'iZ.E3l1 ll; OIuhi
end
or
OTUnlawful Organisations Act came
banning of oryoniretions
ere likely to
puhlic order,ch,
anger public
to prejudice!
on in Southern Rhodesia
into ef£ect in 1959. It provides for tlld
safety. to disturb or interfere with
the tranquillity or security of the
prejudicial to peace, good order or constitutional
are likely to raise disnfrection among the inhabitants of the Colonv
OT E0
nre penalties of up to five years in prison for
in an unlawful organization, contributing to or
n. etc.
this
w
t
s thepromote feelings of ill will or hostility
ferent races of the population in the Colony;
amendment to this Act provides that an organization may be declaredbetween or within dif-
H
of the law by
for such an- violations
soliciting
Act both the African National Congress of Southern Rhodesia and the
mneretic Party, as well as a number of organiretions based outside of
declnivd unlawful, i.e. "banned," Q popular term not used in the{Q :13
Act.
Ell
parent organization of an unlawful orgoninetion; or
s derived from the some peIOnt organization es an unlawful organization;
Z
s the
I successor of an unlawful organization or
3 composed substantially though not necessarily predominantly of, or
T GT8
CUSSOT CO
Law and Order Maintenance! Actirecteu or controlled, directly or indirectly, by, persons who have been
officebearcrs or officers of en unlawful organization; . . .
nt is not retroactive. ZAPU cannot be declared unlawful because of
the NDP.
sic security law is the Lew end Order Maintenance! Act of 1969. rot a
!.l1i5 leu Sic the addendum to qfri e Rcnurts Vol. II, Ho. 3.! The £""_n-u-pk--~- C llot
under this law was in Jonuury oi ibi. between that time and August of
Here
hose
has been used extensively for banningwere $75 convictions for violations of the Act. Except for one
conViCt0d were Africans.
and regulating political meetings.
. ' 8' ll
any part of the Colon§ it is dcsiroablc to do so," he nmy make an order against any
person preventing him from entering any area of the Colony, or prcventina him from
loavin; any area of the colony, or "requiring the person namrd in the orier to notify
his moxomonts in such a manner, at such timos, to such authorities and during surh
period, not txcreJ£n; three m»nths, as may be speciiied in the order." {Im not
clear as to whether "notify his movements" is just legal jargon or will need clari-
fication in n future amendmcnt.!
Ho order under this suction hA! may bc'for longer than three months, but there
is no prohibition against successive orders. Thorc is no appeal to a court, nlthovrh
representations ij bv made to tho Hlnistvr £0: exceptions to the order or Changes in
the order.
If a person nos been convicted of on offense under the Law and Order HJlhLPR-
nnct! Act or tho Unlawful Organization? Act or under the common law under certain
circumstances oi public disorder and sentoncod to pay a fine exceeding 25 found?
$70! or to be imprisoned for a period exceeding three months, tho Minister muy then
iszur such orders at any time, to be eiirctive ior a maximum of iivo years, or m1y
order that "tho person named in the order shall not convene, attend or addrcss any
public gathering in the Colony" with a five year time limit.
The new amondmont
until proved othurwisc
spell out ihtiHl;EiODContinuos tho practice oi assuming the accused to be goilty
in many of the crimes set forth. One such sortion attempts to
and provides up to ten years in prison for "any person who,
withott lawful CMCUSc, the proof whoreui lieu on him -
" s! watches or bosots any premises or place or the approaches to any such
promises or p13CO;
" b! persistently follows some other
. . . etc."person about from place to placu;
n SuCElQ owLing it a crime to have any oiiensive weapon" or "offensive mate-
rial" in any public place has now boon uwondcd so that a person can get a Ltn your
prion sentence if he has such things in his possession or in or upon any premise:
ocruyiod by him." Among ltrm listed as offensive weapons or materials aro "any
stone," wire cutters, and acids. Again, the dyfdt must have lawful authority
or ruaonnble cxcuse, the proof whereof shall lie on him." Taken at its fat» valor,
this moans that possession oi a tool kit in the car, a bottle of vinegar in the Cup-
bun Q, or a stone in tho gnrdc is prima fscie tVidonC¢ of criminal intent.
Tho original law provided penalties {or throwing at vohiclos or blocking T0od5-
An addition to this section statos, "Any pcrson who throws or propels or PIPpnff$ to
throw or propel any article or thing likely Lo cause damage or injury, at any huild~
in; or structuxc shall Le guilty of nn oftonce and liable to imprisonmnnt for n
period not exccrding five Svf-H
ihe original lgw providon ponaltirs up to srven years imprisonment for tho yob-
liatiou or refroduction oi inlsr statrmentu likoly to cause "fear, alarm or do-
spondoucy noun; the public or in oirturb the pobli ptnce" unlvss the driendant
Hutihliu the court thnt before ruch iublication he took ruasuniblo measures [O
verify the Pccotnny thtreni." An amino; t now adds thnt the making oi any aurh
Stottuxnt is n Crime an woll as to publish or roproduce such statements. Th» ow-wd~
ment is without ouuiiiication as to whether tho Hlhkchhi is amde in pnblic or pr;~
V¢tW, to u sinylo person or a group, of as L0 the intent of tho person making tho
'1l;;r-.-F|..!.l.. -
A-E%53
--c -~Iu-1l+_ ' _ __ ,__,_ _ ' I _,;..-.: I ! ,_ F -92F.'.. ,.%;Uf_ :_ E7, .. 2 r£~E{:u. _L";,}?¬fJ¢T i s-» _ ~~;-' £1.-'"t-7-»:.=f" is-.,§s..§».irs:.Q . L '*'* ""' '3, * "'
."'- -- ~rav: E c M r - A 4;-_»; AIHERSCAH FREEHEJS st: c 0 ma TEEF ::::-":4_:::;£h"%:;
--11...... ,4»-:~:_:E;T§;,$ I60 Nor-lh Fifteenth Siren-I, Philadelphia 2. Ponnsylvaunz.
- - »-M ", _ ,,_ _ __,,, i H H __,_, _,, _ __ _,, 7, _, H WW, W W _ . . t " _ .1-_-.... ;7 W H W . _ i W W , it " . if iii. s-_ i . tV I"1f11-~~"*1'~* 'H 't"3 » Zi"=ivo9292.i, xvi. Oct. 1962 Va]. TIT; Pin. 11 1, W JT::'7HT7W7 '* ~ _ _ " __ _ 7'1 f"*' rs 1' " =7 '
Jggi Egff.
RECUFT DEVYL@FV*§TS --- . . -u-.|i92' _ .- t . .-. ._,,. . ...._,- . .92..-1.. ..._ =;~: _ _ ____. _____- - ::.__._.::_ -
W5"
--"""" FOR em?-.1092* 0:1 *- { L-'92L 1Fl T-.TTI.'
iE§Y£*
Kvvyn is a perplexing country. Time after time in the past {cw years it has
secntd like a ship in a
have borrae dawn on t':u';;vvry Ywujh sea. Raves, in term; of national difficultivs,
ship of state on its journey to indcpcndence, each one soon-
92-.-92 1_P - .. .-.....,... _> ...-.._.-.!-¢-921.. 92'..4_ _._..l_.... .1... .1__-__ __ ___.- .. ._ . - . .-1 " ._ tr,Lliz. ¢..- 1.; ..u 92.au:u .u. L
crest -~
E"§lQ§qr-Iwtlnye Relations
1:5
and the
workvrs mztc on SITLHQ
nt met. '
brewing industries and
The fact that this
Occurred sron after Tom
of Lshuur Kinister, and
Htrvard Unlversity, haJ
r9t:ulaLi~n as to its
tempt by HTOya's politi
strong poiitiral positi
FT-rt:-1n 92.'.'=1"r1 nl"!|n-1 .92 n'1/n'|'-2 nn -:|"'r-ilzn -in ...._-t_ ..--.. .-..-._.. -...-.-._., .... _.-......._ .._..
in local government.
most turbulent ptriod uf
Hhry: mvrtd from the past
?rtct Rihiru, recently to
taken ovcr from him in th
origin. The ieoling was wi
Cal enemins E0 embarrass t
on, b! thPt communist int
Cunfodtrnrion of Free .rndc Uions. There is pro
n1l¢;aLl *~ Lhcu;h the
' acceptance £!.».Sl'.H.Z. .
Ribisw and Tum
of the striLu£If-<1 th Tc tu 2'
and of Judi U11
nary ability of92.,,.. I-,,_,- F .,...__.:_.,_ ..l:.,.-.-.._4..r,.._.- _.ll-G-:4 '-.11-:92.'.: .1 bl'.392Vii36 u_;5.;..:L1;»;.!s..4,v.L-1'degree to which they are
of these r1 aims should no
._.dust.-'|:1;.;l.. .»..-;:-- 1
s tame cut nf
btn svticd,I IHboyn as 3 pvscg maker. at LAC 0
was cullin; a joint P*ctiP nf ttpfGL?ninL:*.5 of
of the
'V@ are avptoachinr wnl;
stutc and peace
0 fruits
tn which- A few dys
an I!.92I:.'="..{'.i.':}. Clamtitc-r
oi thrir QfiiiC1151-'
-.-.-.-_-_..--......._. -Ivratlon of Eunyn mpin"wrv tu thin h nll.ht§LY'H a.!, ."-.";§d
1 ".' ital if Ln: t;cnt'luPnc0s were at '
Ktnya Fcernticn of Labour which is 0 statnth member Oi the westernuzn; :.c::.92'1_y. nrt r..u1I.u:.>..v Lug 531111 C-.I'|LlT192-CS I182 £11101! [HE
011? to find another wave waiting on the other side.
I wrote the last rcpurt in June, . sstrial unrest was the order of the day
threat oi a gonaral striku hung heaviiy over the country. The plantation
"- over the issue of a scpnratc union for coffee workers. The
Kenvn Fezcrntion Of LaPouI had pY0p05Cd caliin
c*-
- - 2 - l
and employers, Hoyn explained that up to the end of August this year Kenya had lust
322,060 nmn~days of production as a result of 278 strikes involving 78,000 workers.
But between the reaching of agreement Over strike issues in June and the sign-
ing in mid-September oi the Industrial Charter, Kenya suffered yet another strike --
this time a nation wide one which aflected virtually all African teachers, plus a
few Asians and Europeans who are in membership of the Kenya National Union of Teeth-
ers. The strike, called on eight counts, including the claim for a basic salary of
.. ..__ - ...m .._.... ..__ ._,_ 92 _ .n........ ...__.._:.__. .,_92..._...., ...-.: ..£20 PEI - - 92at {hut till-:t: it W--lb ubuufi EIG pt; 1-.1ui"" cc: |.1L'n'.-x92.'n amiuux uuu u
unified teuchers' employment service, involved between _ 000 and 20,000 teachers
for a three week period. The teachers reluctantly accepted a compromise of about
half their original drtnnds, which means a general increase in salary of between 7£%
and 122, although some will benefit by as much as 201.
EP9eF¥P ¥¢i?l"F9§i?i""
In the course of negotiating with the teachers the government made n significant
statement on Kenya's general iiounciol positiona-
"Tho whole question of the teacher's strike must be considered against the hack-
ground of the Government's overall financial position and of the further burdens
which the qovernmcnt will have to assume on Independence when grant-in-aid will not
be available towards meeting normal recurrent expenditure.
'The deficit of the present 1962/G3 budget is some L2,500,000, part of which
relates to special items such as food and famine relief. The basic dciicit on
Kenya's normal recurrent expenditure -- now covered by grant-in-aid -~ is £600,000,
assuming that the l962f63 revenue estimates will be achieved -- which, on the bu¬iS
of receipt: in the first two months of the year, will not be the ease.
With the national income not rising, revenue at existing rates of taxation is
more likely to fell than to rise. The Government is facing a prospective deficit on
normal recurrent expenditure to be met from local resources in 1963 of some
£3,000,009, and a much greater figure in the following year..."
JCCUT tIF , 1 v
Yet in spite oi the major events, both negative end positive, occurring in the
industrial field and in spite of this sobering statement of our economic position,
it was the u&Cufit' osition which has been uppermost in man eo~1es minds durinw } P l Q
the last few months. _
Althon;h the lhu hie emergent? ended officially in there Lave been a nuw~
her of c::u of "il1u§Pl" onLin5 hzought to the courtr Inst [cu yearn. In
l9tU a ncw 5ubv9rSivQ ozgunizotion, Lhc Land Freedom Lrwy, was brought to the notice
of the Kenya public. Sumo 7} pcinle believed to be connccitd with Lhv LFA were nt-
restcd at Lhr Llmu, but in spite oi ekiurts by the security forces the organisation
did not die.
At the end of July a new ranh of nothing broke out in the Kiamhu forest nfun,
within n few miles oi Hqizohi. The oaths, oittn aiministurrd to innocent yoqplu
rsinut lltir will, bound inc Lebers to secrecy, on ienr of death, with records to
tit HfLATj11 j of the LEA; 19 steel iirrezs on! L0 teku putt in general nnyi.
Qvéfhmvhl activitiez.
Apparently since
proceeding. During t
home-nude guns and th
tcnccd for illegal oa
possession of 250 arm
those of Nakuru, Hole
arrests have bten mad
ers to suggest that E
make guns. Those all
in the meantime they
clative
essful
on to
szml 1 mIn a Legi
talled nf succ
yet." He went
triho, only a
One can go o Ion
5tru?gling apainst a
ituf clan fending, b
in tetra used hy the
"£ro.1 the fznziiltittra of
thugs and criminals,
it has been grat
Kenyatta, has roundly
Ccnstigcticnnl Eregre
Orly a week befe
Colonial Office to Du
to review the progrcs
details of the outsta
not content with the
lack of agreement, he
men: pt ets in the £0
and the special posit
Elections will n
scypointnent to men
creating an eatrtm
is delay Fut surcl
gicnnl Eeundories e
r House were oppoin
fth Luo months late
n3 on the part of Hdi
is
ti|
He
£9
Ii
ce
Land Resettlement
l{u;f;.{ 11:11 ti Hz," -1
finnLce the purth
hi-hlnnds! for ii
1; l'_'T'.._".i by i:92lY'|'>E'|."{.
Q K.diin
use
l!i.'C
13'.-1 El
Llxv yearnll inc_ 3 - S!
the cnd of August a non-step campaign against the LTA has been
his period there h;ve been frequrnt reports of the capture of
e arrest of LFA sutpects. Some 100 or so people have been svn~
thing and another sixty convicted on charges of being in illegal
s nnd Qo rounds of ammunition. The areas affected include
, Keritho and Kiowhu. Many of the gun-cache discoveries and
e on European owned farms and this has caused some African lend-
uropeuno have been bribing their farm honds'to take oaths and
egntion nre being investigated by the Hinistry of Defence, hut
have undoubtedly caused a worsening in race relations.
Council debate a few days ago, the acting Minister for Defence
action against LFA, but stressed Me are not out of the woodsoy that nlthoueh the LFA%§3s pretty well confined to the Kikuyu
inority of that tribe were involved.
explaining Man Han in terms of a nationalist movement
power, of land hunger, of scciol discrimination and of
by no means easy to understand this new movement except
nister oi Defcnce that its membership is recruited
's who do not understand that times have changed, the3 way to
Colonial
u: it is
acting Hi
Lh 19§3
from the unemployed and the incurably tribalist."
ifyin; to note thrt almost every African leader, including Jomo
condemned oathing and gun-making.
SS
re he become Chancellor of the Exchequer and handed over the
ncun Szndys, Reginald Handling spent five days in Kenya in July
s made by the two rujor parties, RANU and KADU, in solving the
nding problems in the new draft constitution. He L35 obviously
progress that had been mode for he announced that in view of the
intended imposing solutions concerning central-regional govern-
llowing spheres: education, henlth, labour, the puhlit service
ion of Nairobi.
DC LC HO
y - not
cly unhc
y TCSL w
nd Coast
ted fourld until l9$3, mo
only Africans --
clthy situnticn.st probably in March. This is n big
who [eel that this continued hiatus
A_hig share of the responsifility for
ith the tish Government. *1he third and fourth the
itucncico! commissions of the five agreed en at LnnCnS~
months sitar the completion of the conference and the
fouling Lhwl this is port of a drlihtrete stalling pro-
wideprvnd, particularly in KANE circles.
.K.G. is
2 nl:o onnuunccd the welcowe nous that s prepared to
of 1,hU,UOU Ctc oi lend in the Scheduled Areas turner Lhiie
rvttltcznt. This constitutes ahot one third of the §uLd
nd Le scheme will cost about £l5,UUU,CUQ. About 2UU,OGO atrcwn re»
will be re
At
istry's
200,000
will be gi
plots into
set-back t
sccuritv h
set osioe
drop in n;th
P1
EC
The
emphasis
be maintai
In
120 Africa
There
The most s
Kenya He H
Parliament
all fCuP
the initia
speakers,
_ Ll_._ .._._'u E11 ;-5 -.1.
work was p
the fo1lo'..>
Unior
before it
one KADU L
It is
validity of the plans and ideas it produces, although even there any prove to be
coneidcrui '7§icancc. but no one can doubt its being a clear demonstrctauu3 r
re is
on helping the landless as opposed tGmJint£ining economic production willcl !
viewed and perhaps an extension of the scheme contemplated.
e beginning of October the Minister for Land Settlement announced his Hin-
ans for the next five years under this scheme. By the middle of 963 some
res will have been purchased for settlement. All of the 1,00U,U t acres
ven over_to high-density farming schem:s involving the sub-division of
an averuge of 16 acres each. It is accepted that this will result in a
O the economy, but the case of the landless and their consequent threat to
as been given precedence. Two large areas nror Nakuru end Kitnlc are being
ior permanent large scale farming as a "sort of insurance policy Aginst n
ricultural production as African re-settlement gets under way.
, however, a considerable omount§f speculation as to whether thisV
ned throughout the tire year period.
addition to these small form schemes the Kenya Government is assisting about
ns to buy farms totalling £5,361 acres.
have been other signs of positive progress during the past {cw months.
ignificant of these was the five day convention in Nairobi entitled "The
ant." It vvs primarily the brain-child of Dr. Julius Kiano, the present
cry Secretary to Jomo Kenyatta. It was sponsored by leading citizens of
from the fields of commerce and industry and government. It received in
l stages Lie blessing of both Ki and KADU, and an impressive list of
in the main from Kenya was drown up. It had ambitious ideas of producing
nt for Kenya's economic and social dvlpet and indeed a great deal of
ut into the COmmiCC¬G sessions and since then groups have been working on
-up.
tunately KADU withdrew its Official support from the convention a few days
began. Nevertheless, a number of KADU supporters participated and at lest
egco member addressed a plenary session.
once of such a conference in terms of the
not easy to assess the sipni
gf
oi
the ahilit, pcopie from various races, tribes and pniiticnl parties to think and
work topcl
kind of acher constructively on irportnnt national issues. Kenya needs more of this
tivity and of the spirit which pervaded it.
a
[1-.'.. 1 '__|
.
.-- l :_~. .~'~._ r'==:'r_': "*§ E 1" , .'¬i"": r--14I-Io. ...£'.;":;_,.*92_:3' ,_ :1 g Q I-3 2. A Kc-;.@~L.".92.~".l=. I.-.1
'< -;:%H.><*£:AIWERlCAN FR£ENDS sezravucrr. commnreu
-g§§§ ; - = 5LZL -
_~T-x _._ --_' sac North Filler.-nth Slr 92 !l, Phuladelphla 2. P<:n5vIvam
,.,,_,,,-,,-_,,_,," "' _ _ <:"' ;7_r <*;: _ . _ r <1 4 '_~. :1 __ _ Y 7 7 '7! T7 '7 L 7 * "'*;::7-géi gr f ' "? v 1 ..- . - H_ -:1
, _»--- _ __ ,_ 7 ,7 ____ ____ _ ,_ p-|un||g_._ _ ; _,_ ___' _ ,_ . .___ ' ii ."' '74 ' <77 .~% ---- r "trot "'
._- f-ft» From Iaul B. Jonnson, Gcneua, Switzerland Decenttt 19c-
_ 92'01. III, No. 14
P-W" rm [email protected]~'92=~r1@_Ia 911 ¢'1§?:"FR;92_L c;r=cI;L;».rr,<2:¢
A V1SITGR'S VIEW OF WEST AFRICA
Hsny intelligent and world-minded West Africans are hurt by what seems to than
the quite inexplicable lack of American interest in French-speaking Africa. Over the
past [en months I have visited 1? Bent Airfcan counEriQF, 12 of which are French
speaking. Host Americans know the names oi the two larger English-spanking countries,
Nigeria nd Ghana, and some could oven add §icrra Leone and Liboric; very few, how-
ever, could name the countries ftucd from French colonial status in 1958 and 1959
which reached full indcpondcnce in 1960 and 1961.
Yet, Frenchspeaking Africa is almost five
area and has, according to 1960 population estima
with the 4& million in the Eng1ishspcaking area.as large as the English-speaking
33 million people, as compared
It is true that Xigeria scams to the ordinary American observer to he the single
most important state in Host Africa. It is the_most populous and may have 50 million
people by 19
existing two
the vorld.
Nigeria, but I have n
system imported whole
1iamcntor- Waco and th
new and n suitable
democracy; we don't
it or our own pnrochiahunch thn
from Euro
e judges
to Africa
, we had
1 view
It is equally trrc that Gk
with the exception oi the Congo
relate: to President 5krcmnhs
in Chnna -~ problems which, of
Africa, ans! which di';=92.' typical]
But beneath thcnc problems
some fu5C;n¢LiRg Epcfitta
and social dovclofnct. Ono is
ploy the cxpuricncc Loth oi the
Scrvicc in u surica of instiiut
Iovl expcfincc for adults. 1
fhC?P rcople will f~r hock int
U51 ir.:'lu=_*n£:- 92-ti thrt-Lit co|.m'r<.'1 ,-5;
neat is in rural ccli-hc1p- 1
biirf, pnhlishcd by the Hiintr
They raid, in effect, This isofL here, as in all other countries oi
penn experience -- in this case comp
robes and wigs -- is going to give
n conditions. Ho may not immcdiatel
better give it a long and careful lo
proper democratic forms is, in fact
{J H If:moken more noise than any other
, which I onit for various reasons.
continuing ciforts to solve the prob
course, plsnuc to some dcbreo each o
y di[iCYuHL Iu3CtlOHS from thc scvcr
l
LUL
Ll:
Uh
irca
5'}
I O
I!
YCH
>'<"
whoGhana, and much lens apparent t
mu citc two, both in tho broad
System oi ?coplus Univcrsiti
uish Folk School uni of our Agri
dcoi;nv to provide brief, res
u rclcaotc irucly by government
rdlnary aocial, govorumcnt and b
in nnj; ccu:-,t_:*j: I l~.nn~.1 oi. A at-c
A rrport sftor report oi rho fit
f Social Wvliurc. H.ny of thrsc
t we tritd to do. wt failed noro
£
c
c
i
a
II
O
l
070. In Higcria right now is bcing decided the fate of almost the last
-party parliamentary systcm oi democracy, as we know it
Ono would be unwary to predict the results of the prose, in that part of
nt Struggle in
that area, tho
lcte with the Par-
way to somcthing
y recognize it as
ok to sue whether
, at fault.
country in Africa,
Much of this noise
lama of trihnlisz
I the new stvtcn in
ul hoods of atatc.
the visitor, arc
icld of uducution
5, which will cm-
ulturnl Extonoion
dcntinl, college-
nd othtr umploycrs,
siness liic n noni-
nd Ghl cxpcfi-
d mortars, all
reportcd failure.
, and here, and
-i ii-
rl-2-
here. But here we succeeded, and we learned this and that." It is the vigor, and
the uncorpromising, non-apologetic quality of the self-criticis
thoughtful observer. These people are going to get somewhere.
So, 1 am not saying that the English-speaking countries er
interesting, but rather that we Americans are palpahly ignorant
area. It is true that, Chu as n group, the French-speaking c
under the influence of their former "metropole" than are the En
tries. But they differ so widely among themselves that an over
to be faulty in detail. Brcrd differences in the extent and qu
ence may he illustrated by reierence to Ivory Coast and Togo.
In Ivory Coast I was told that, taking that portion of them that fascinates the
e less significant or
of the French-Speaking
ountries are much more
glish-speaking coun-
-all judgment is lihcl}
ality oi this in£lu-
upper public service
beginnirg with secondary school teachers up to and including mrmbers of the Council
of Hinirters, there are prohnhly twice as many Frenchmen as lxo
pretty heavy saltine or metropolitan influence, thoubh not all
means are appointed by the French government. A considerable n
stance, from Martinique or some other French possession, and ar
their own. President Houphouot-Boigny of Ivory Coast handles f
There is no Minister of Foreign Aifairs. In the Hinistry, whet
the senior ofiicial was a Frrnchmnn, a so-called Conseillcr Tee
Ivoirien on duty in this Ministry above the clerical or housckee
Togo, on the other hand, has asserted its independence byiriens. This is n
of these men by any
umber come, for in-
c proiessienally on
oreign afisirs himself.
e I vent on business,
hnique. There is no
ping grades.
refusing the massive
French edministrczive one finencial assistance characteristic of Ivory Coast. It has
few Frenchmen, and has selectively recruited outside help from
eluding Germany and Israel, for example.
While the political influence of France varies widely, its
c Qominance is striking. The two coinages of Lhc area -- C
eyed to French son
of exchange. An
this wonetery cysts
cl rooms on thi S LY
L up to $l3.5U peri
hrate
ha
hot
cosDOTZ
-..
ip, frequently at the only decent hotel i
-Lach capital
with Pa ri s nt
icen capitals L
exceedingly 5;in the Frcnch-speaking countries is connected
ice
Air
are
Ynnunle Cnncroun!
Ilyfc5 time is aha
O2:Llca:L several times s week. Air connections
to ConuVry Guinea The airline distance i
ut 1U hours, but ' - trip requires three days
'£'L..1 '-'hemsclves arc less trtquent, and with the En;l
crse. For example, there is sir service only twice weekly {remseveral countries, in-
commercial and eco-
ontral and Host Africa
ey and guerantec by France, are set at an unrealistically high
African franc costs two French francs. Trsoe and tourism are
m and rev resource subsidies, almost preempted by France. Myi
n a capital city, nova
night. heals are typically $3.50 to $5.00.
bv overnight air serv- »._ ,- .- »among the serernl
ish~spestin3 capitals
s about l7QU miles,
gr-1- - , _3_ *-!92
few. These would be wise and able men in any context. To offset their personal
quality and competence, however, is the sad lack of able supporting staff, the eb-
sence of a irameuork or tradition of vigor and competence in public service, the lack
of a coummn tongue -- even within single countries -- which forces all public offi-
cials in this modern, swift-paced world to think and to work in a second language.
One often has the feeling that these able men are lost in a sea of inefficiency and
lsssitudc. Their staff seem entirely unrelated to events as they nre. One doesn't,
after a while, ask too much. An American ambassador told me he counted it a hearten-
ing result of the current U.S. Leadership Grant Program that one African public of-
ficial came back from his four months in the U.S. and answered his countrymen's ques-
tion: "hof There is no siesta hour in the U.S.I I have seen men who work. And we
must learn to work, too, if we are to progress.
we of the west haven't always been helpful. Take these two cases in point:
In the fewous de Caulle referendum of 1958 in French Africa, Guinea was the only
colonial territory to opt for ireedom rather than membership in the French Community.
. 1 Overnight, thc stiff French reaction was to step French assistance programs and toF withdrew French rersonnel; it is even said -- though I cannot personally vouch for
; it -~ that whet equipment the French could not take with them was destroyed. The in»
' evitnblc happecro. President Sékou Tonre, who come up through a tough labor movement1
r found 3 ready friend in the U.S.S.R., and there Cerged in Conakry the only compul-
, sivcly left-loaning state on the continent. There is a sizable Russian program of
' technical assistance in Guinea as a result. Guinea is the only Black African country
to which a Communist airline flies a regular weekly service -- Prague to Conakry.
New otter the famous snowplow story -- for which in any version whatever I do not
vouch -- President Toure is said to be somewhat disenchanted and his relations with
the Hest are said to be on the mend.
Then consider the case of the last swell Portuguese enclave in Dahomqy. When I
saw it lest sumer, it consisted of a block-square overgrown park on the sea some
miles rcn Cotonou, surrounding s burned-out mansion. The story was told to me hy s
responsible western diplomat. A relic of the 17th century, this quite useless little
area housed a ?ortuguese oificial one n library in which had been collected documents
iron the time of the earliest Portuguese visitors -~ something like 1h82. The date
doesn't mwtter. This last bit of foreign property was a hit of a thorn in the side
of the new-fledged Republic. Apparently Dahomey oftercd all sorts of settlements
which the Portuguese refused. The enclave might, for inscanct, have been given recs;
nixed diplomatic status, or been made a consulate. No. It was Pnrtuquese proncrrv,
and nothing could be done.
After months of effort, their patitnce at an end, the Dnhomeynn authorities set
a final date ior the removal of this irritating reminder oi the bad old colonial days
Steirc that the Govern cat of Dahomey mnnt bUSiUuS5, on the eve of the deadline in
19o1 the Portuguese resident burned the mansion, the irreplacteble library, and even
his own car. he vs taken to the border by Duhowuyan authoriiics to be expelled, and
had the gall to announce that by his action the honor oi Portugal had been saved.
he Americans have done nothing quite like this, but we cannot expect to be com-
pletcly ¢l;5OC§4EL1 from the acticns of our French and Portuguese friends.
Lmericans haven't always been helpful at hoTe, either. I have recently visited
a so-cit} friend in French-speaking irice, n ecuhcr oi his country's Supreme Court.
He h.: visited the U.S., int says he likes us anysny. Here is the Story he tuld we
as vr looked over his treasured scrapbooks oi [hr trip:
notes
SOCIO
Justi
Blot
fluen
feel
Heanu92 i -1
- 4 - "
He said that it wasn t so bad in Washington, D.C. He was the guest of the
Frtnch Ambassador, who took him out to supper and put him aboard the Grey-
hound Bus for Richmond. "I took the seat of my choice," he recalled, end
talked for a time to the friendly white men beside me. But at the border
of Virginia the driver stopped and ordered me to the back with the other
Blacks. They knew where to sit. But I did too. I said 'O.K.' and went
back.
This was the beginning of n series of adventures for him: Richmond,
Atlanta, Birmingham, New Orleans, Houston, Los Angeles. I said to my
the Judge, But what about the Mississippi River? The Grand Canyon?iriend,
The
Painted Desert? The Golden Gate?"- He was a bit vague about these. Other
events seen to have
In Richmond, i
passengers fro
pulled at H} 5
You can't do t
bus tended to
inside pockets, and
ing.
In New Orleans
taken to Tulan
Dillard." But
deposited oppo
driver sitting
Approaching Lo
boo through hi
by the ride, u
early morning,
lap and was di
asleep. But
depot she said
+.=-,0 u.-H-.-, 4.-L-Iufll QICLL -L3
As the Judge s
from friends
lcgists at man
co Hnrren. I
-FL;te.prohlen
cos from the o
as they get at
hile, in one u
deciding the major
the back of u bus.
T
I.
K
1
ihat
own
rt...Every country
is, there is n
these states e
? . It anunt
hose slates are co
..itZ
1before groups
e srppé of this pn the
In the
leeve
hat:'
carryt of
notK!
W8 Sfrom
es I
She
thci
he got into a
e University.middle of the night, he felt cold and followed
r own warming fluids; whisky appeared from
he was offered some. Humanity from any sourcebeen more vivid. '
other
gro lady
crazy!
ch of the
several
is warm-the bus to get a cup of coffee. "A Ne
up," he said, end whispered: You're
right. I couldn't." People in the be
taxi, driven by a white man, and asked to be
"Tulane?" said the driver; You must mean
he insisted, and, after an argument, was driven there and
site the gate. "As I went in to deliver my lecture, I saw the
there, watching to see what would happen to me.
s Angcles, he sat in the rear of the bus and played peek-a-
s laced {ingots with a little blonde girl up the aisle, bored
hose mother refused to let her cone'back to see him. In the
adventuring buck while her mother slept, she climbed into his
scovered after
she was a nicesome time by a chastcned parent, happily
lady," the Judge said. "At the Les Angeles
, '1 can't talk to you now, but won't you cone to my house for
n11.-iv-net H|.92u92.|-l-I-Cl-J0
howed me his mnmory~book I saw page after page of brief, signed
met all over the world: Tulane, a Quaker Seminar in Denmark,
y great American universities, and one of the dau5hters of Chief
could feel how
objectively.
utside. Chief
quainted with t
orld this man s
criminal and cihe treasures these contacts. he analyzes the
"This will he solved in the U.S.," he rays, by in-
nmong these is the shame Americans are beginning to
he world and with idcas different from their own."
its in the lonely eminence oi the Suprere Bench,
vil cases oi a notion. In another world he sits in
. - '} - s - !
92
RI
. ry of an oppositio
EDcountries: "Look at you Westerners! You have everything. We can't afford the luxu-
, 0|
In many of these countries an effort is being made to tshe the opposition into
orgeniged political life, to use its skills and loyalties in the comon effort. In
Dahomey, for instance, the Vice President is the leader of the former opposition
I
amples.party, non merged with the Government party. His position is honorable and
though one has the impression of a certain amount of mutual
the chief of the opposition is Minister of Foreign Affairs.useful,
Pnkmuquuxi |
other ex-.-I"...-..-...f'.-.-.0- 1'...ULDLUIIIAULLI LII.
One could cite
There is another comparison here, too, which ought to interest Americans. In
the original system devised by our Founding Fathers, the winner in a national elec-
tion become President, while the loser, lender of the defeated party, become Vice
President. Those elections were not the direct, uni92ersal democracy which we now re-
vere, but involved the votes of only a privileged few, cast indirectly, through an
Electoral College not bound to reflect the will of the voters. The system didn't
work very well. Differences of political view were too strong to be contained within
the structure of a functioning government. But the parallel should not escape us.
In early times, Americans experimented and improvised, just as the Africans are doing
now, and we would not have taken kindly to having anyone tell us what to do or how to
do it.
The U.S. Government shows more concern for French Africa than do many of its
citirens. Ours is
actually reside
not he the case
and had her diplom
area, the U.S.S.R.
fewer. Even in th
July 1, 1962, U.S.v<
at
J:
LLC i
Ci
8the only government with a full-time ambassador and embassy stnf
n every new country of Black West Africa. This, of course, woul
!¢¢.92.¢._... 1|..,.I ..-AA. I..I1.._ _.-l. .....A.92. lYl'__.,_T.- - 151.- ln.-_,_ L-_,1, h7.§*1ILMULC HQU HUL LdLLCH UUL WLLH lglld UVUI LHE atom DOEU CCbLh
tic mission sent heme. On my checklist of the countries of the
is represented in only six, and the other Communist countries in
two newest countries, Runnda and Burundi, independent only since
missions are being opened.
Though my work in Host Africa for a private American organization has no connec-
tion,
been
and h
women
inter
have
wives
It is
must
cut d
bridgexpressed or
for two month
ave developed
who reprcsen
esred in the
volunteered
' population
sonctlm s s
resolute y le
own hart ers
cs of uneerstL
l
J
1
a
mL_u- ,LHCLU in
died
ntcd
E92-Z1 CUGQ
There is enothar post where ourS
t
c
fo
h
1
3
U
a
2.. A-___.. -.._..-. __. ..92 J._92.. ,1......!UHC PUSL JH UHLLH, UULlimplied, with the U.S. Government or with notional policy, I have
almost daily in and out of the American embassies in the area,
a forthright respect, and in nany cases affection, Eor the men and
us there. lhey are typically hard working, dedicated, above all
ountries in which they serve and in their people. Many of them
r these posts. In one post I was told juhilantly that the U.S.
ad just doubled: n new U.S.I.S. ofiicer had brought his family.
encly lite, lot the children especially. Every one oi our people
vo as much of his cultural baggage behind as he possibly can, to
f rate, of wealth, of possessions, and to help build as many
nding as he can manage.
,_,_ ..s__ ___.. ....-_. ._L_ ~r92..___..-. r-1__- Alibtut punt year, tut: 1-='.-.puty 92.-lfif C I .-t.,1I11,"
4 7 A
' . ! -6-
; court -- at his own personal expense -- where all can play.
The strictly diplomatic work of many of these posts is limited. Treaties are
' not concluded very often, and if anything at all is signed, it is likely to be an
- agreement to supply some tons of insecticides, an English teacher, a Peace Corps
groupf some road-scrapers, or surplus food for a famine or flood area. We have one
. ambassador who likes to hike. Though advanced in years, he drove to the end of the
road in the mountains and walked 13 miles farther to visit the U.S. missionaries at
' their station.
Uomen are making a major contribution in our diplomatic missions in Africa.
Many a dip1omat's wife, beside her iamily and dO¬S¬iC duties, enlarged by all sorts
of tropical problems, labors to arouse interest in the sorts of community activities
so common in the U.S. and so tragically lacking here. I have a mental image of the
gracious wire of one of our ambassadors, hobbling about her garden with her foot in
a cast, welcoming local women and children to a movie showing. In that predominantly
Muslim country this may have been the only window open on the world for these women,
though they were the wives of Ministers and other high officials. we have a woman
administrative officer at one of our posts, in charge of such fascinating items as
transport, shipment of goods, leases on staff houses, etc. Her chief said she was
doing a fine job. He have a woman economics officer at another post. I met her
first Sme years ego st an emhnssy in Eastern Europe, where her eager interest in the
ec0n0miCs and the art of that difficult area was outstanding. Now she is a volunteer
in Africa, zest undiminished, interest keen. Give me e developing area," she said;
"for me the real hardship posts would be Paris, London, Geneva---." And every embas-
sy has one or more secretaries from home: a lonesome life for many, and unsung, but
without whom not much would get done.
There is a lot happening in French Africa that should be of vital interest to
Americans. Let's at least give it the benefit of the doubt, as we are already giving
it generous technical and financial aid, and, increasingly, human aid in the form of
the Pence Corps. These countries are tackling some monumental problems.
B-
.
i 092.
;} g! c
Q
_ Y
- I- 1-. 1.-.92 - F I
j ...LI
' ' ' '_' " --v-_._
uc, Pniigaelpma - t Mirth 19, ma
Director, FBI '
In ' I '
_ 92
I 111.1;-':r;1c.==m FRIENDS ssavrcx CO2»!IvIIT'1'EE
I
" ' ' ' ", above caption.
"7"-'a-"-"" *-_ .92'_'l5_.Vl -i.l _-'|- e - - l" v-"J" """ 7' '- ' 4"-- " """ 92- -.'a A '-|-.- 9-.1:-, u . "- .-,. ,, 92 -'1. 0
The Bureau does not desire future issues of literature as described
in relet. However. You should review any future issues of material received
by you and iorvvarcx issues oi interest. ta me vureau unuer me mauve caption.
c- 7 "
' 0 ».
NOTE: ' '
----.-.,. ,_ , ___ r ' ,, , v,-..-1..-:.,...-I |-|-..-924- A-92--9292-w.-n-an-921A I _ "';" AUVLDCLI Llldb IJ.-l.::cl-Lu.uu.|.z.cw
activity of the American Friends Service Committee AFSC! was oi no interest
however, he suggested Philadelphia review future issues and submit any of
interest to Bureau. -
§
it92 92
I
I
0 . _
,_ . -.tnnrsn srnrssé 2 3 .NT J I ' '
I A/In A
JVJC4 .
--_. I
' Director,-FBI_ '. mu: r 1:/11/63
' 4-.,
u
TO Z
'0' ' ' .
i'1- . __- _.- _
rnom = "'s.ac, Philadelphia
. :5? -
- II 92 I1-v92vv92nI| nun-g-I-urn-w A---n_ 4-ax--------q-,_.h92ND§ U15-11VJ.UL bU1"1192'1.LJ.'.L.l!!-11, -'
i _' ,_,_J; ' ' 7 __
Tlvqzcn
ii, . - * _Qn 3,/5,/63.,,,,,a1.':ho has furnished reliable
information in the past furnished to-SA
a leaflet headed "American Friends Service Committee, Inc.,
Middle Ktlantic Region, 1500 Race Street, Philadelphia 2,
Pennsylvania, with a subtitle "Cuba Si! - Yanki Sii"
by ARTHUR and HELEN BERTHOLF. This article is pro-Castro
and against "our ill-considered=Cuban policy. The leaflet
goes on to state in part: . "
'¥hy did the United States help Batistas brut
…[truncated]