Document text
L " '¢92.' N, 92_ I I AL ~IFClP!I'L?tTIlIiI~T CEIBITAII-l.'EI3
I HE I5 LTIJELELSEIFIEIII
-FD-302 Rev. 10-6-95! [MATE 12-l5~2l3l35 BY 6El132--E LIE b&t~I,»dJi_.»"ClB
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
I06
lwmofmmmmmn 0310112004 Q76
I borni ______ L Social
Securi driver's l1 en enu e currently residing atI I
I I home phoneI _
currentl employed ad I hone numberI I ExtensionI I emplovedlas ;IEEI volutarily agreed to be interviewedat theI IFieId O ice. After being advised of the
identity of the interviewing Agents and the nature of the
interview,E:::::::::] provided the following information:
graduated from Universityin I I IinI I with aDe ree inI1 Iworked at USAMRIID romo to IofI Ias aI I
Iworked onI I
. fleft inI IbecauseI I
FromI ItoI II Orl I Iwor e
as alInlI IHbegan working forIin theI ISection as an I
InI Ibeqan working forI I
as aI I
s e i i tion is At USAMRIID,I Iworked with Bacillus anthracis Ba! cultures for
2. At USAMRIID, worked with I
3. worked witkt[:::::::::::::::]employee on
named who is still employed at USAMRIID.H§EEEEE;EEEI%Orkea wit ive cu tures of Ba stored at -70 degrees an
grew a on blood auger plates. did no spore work and
worked with the Ames strain of Ba. had both a freezer
and an incubator in[:::::::]suite, so never distributed Ba to
any other sources, and no one else use eir cultures.
Investigation on 2/26/O4: at
File # 279AWF222936' sag ~92II§i>¢I92/I_g_] Ix -"mg Date dictated 2/26/04
SA ty_I |b SA
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.
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4[:::::::::] has never used modified G sporulation media.
5[:::::::::]worked mostly with multicolony cultures.
did not work with the drying of Ba.
7L;:::;::::;ldoes not know if the strains
characterize , w ere ey originated, or where they weredisseminated. [:::::::::] is not familiar with BruceIvins or[::::]
8.[::::::;::]is not familiar with anyone who has
expertise in weaponization techniques, spore roduction, orlyophilizing.[:::::::::]stated that when[:::Twas at USAMRIID,[::]
was told that no one was working on weaponization techniques.WGIG
9.[:::::::::]is unaware of any areas at USAMRIID that
have problems with bacterial contamination and was never in a
virology suite.
10. After studying the rovided floor plans, Buildindetermined that |:wOrked in Building |:f
ll. N/A
12.[:::::::::]was not aware of any piggybacking in andout of the hot areas in 1412. never saw it, nor did[:::]know
. anyone who did it. was not aware of visiting scientists
being taken into any o areas.
l3.L;::;::::] said it would be easy to remove select
agents from e ot areas by either putting them in the pockets or
waistband of your scrubs. Neither individuals nor their bags were
searched upon exiting the area.
14.[:::::::::]saidwUUUUwas unaware of anyone who said they
might make a select agent for use in some improper fashion.
15.[:::::::::]was not aware of any persons with the access
and the ability to create dangerous biological agents who expressed
hostile attitudes toward any political organizations, the media, or
others.
16.[::::::::]is not aware of anyone[::]believes to be
a suspect or associated with the mailings of the anthrax letters.06
man
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171 did not work with anyone whom[::::]
considered lax in handling dangerous items.
18.| was not aware of anyone at USAMRIID who was
rumored to be interested in gaining access to anthrax or other
biological or chemical agents.
19.| said[:::]would sporalate and liafolize or
mill a Ba sample than mail it.
201 is not aware of anyone who expressed a
special interes in eing able to get around forensic techniques.
211 has no personal or professional association
with New Jersey.
22. Neither| lno Iassociates traveled toNew Jersey in September or October of 2001.| Iwas in[::::::::::]
[::::::::]during that time period. .
23[:::::::::] did not see any SOPs for decontamination of
Class II and Class III biosafety cabinets while at USAMRIID.
24.[:::::::::]was not aware of any fumigation in theverology areas. '
25. N/A
26.[::::::::] said thad:::]Ihad frequently used plasticstorage containers, but that[:::]did not purchase them, nor does[::] know who did.E:::]r@ver noticed any ofE::]storage boxes
missing.
27.[::::::::] is not aware of any work that was conducted
with Ba unofficially.
28. work was recorded in threering binders,
not lab books assumes those binders are still somewhere at
USAMRIID.
29[:::::::::]never purchased pre-stamped envelopes.
30.[:::::::::]did not use the vending machines in
Frederick to purchase pre~stamped envelopes.
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3l.[:::::::::]did not personally handle any of the
anthraxlaced letters or envelopes.
did not do any analytical work on the
evidence in t 1S case.
1» did knéw I
' overage a ou media c
2-24 N/A
h s made 25. is not aware of anyone who a
comments about or about having given1UUUUaccess to certain
areas with Ba.
had no additional information regarding the
anthrax letter mai ings.
FOREIGN VISI
1.[:::::::::]never had any dealings
visiting scientists.
2-13 N/A
1.[::::::::]vms not an[::]nember.
2-11 N/A
When asked if[::::::::]kmd.any additional information to
provide regarding this investigation,[::]stated no.FD-302 of i
prior to the
TING SCIENTISTS
with any foreign
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Date of tanscription O 2 Z 2 Q Z 2 Q Q4,
date ofjmbjj Isocial security numbed eelephone_number| I bi,H was interviewed on Februarv 20, 200 at| Iplace of emplovment it b
I After being advised of the
identities of the interviewing agents and the nature of the
interview[::::::::]provided the following information; Zip
L_________Iieceived L%;i===l1E1__________JatI IUniversity. I IL dissertation was on I
working onI Iwork included
and aerosol challenges administered in
ui ing at t e United States Army Medical Research Institute
of Infectious Di ea es USAMRIID!, Fort Detrick, Mar land. The
ted at USAMRIID were
92 worked withI_ I
| I and at USAMRII1§92. andaid were approved by
136
137$
per orme e aeroso c a lenges in bui in. and, b wor ed b6
forl Ibelieves thatI leftI Iwhen bsc
I The veterinary caretakers werqIwho now works a IandI I
was the other rimary ivestigator working-withwould assist with| |
I my vrvbFile #l 279A-WF22293 6 -U'SAMRI ID , 279A-BAC101392,Date dictated
by _
E::P4051l.wpd
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.I36Investigation on Q2 / 2 O / O4 at I l 137:
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Irecalled that aerosol challenges
were run on a random schedule, but usually every two ! to three
! weeks.
Most of work at USAMRIID was conducted in Room
Iin Buildin had no office space in BuildinqI Ior
Bu1ld1nqI I
Iwith members of BRUCE IVINS' group working on Bacillus
anthracis B.a.!.I
Tvvex suits were required for entry into RoomI
I IIVINS' group would come in after
he had left. He knew that they were there from the mess of blood,
papers, samples, and bottles left around the lab. [:::::::::]
recalled that the bottles used by IVINS' group were poorly labeled.
did not recall whether Ames was one of the strains.
grew and stored live bacteria in roomI Iof IBuilding at USAMRI ID . I I I
I The onlyrefrigerator and freezer thatI Itffi were In roomBlood counts were done in room with fromI I would per orm serum chemistry and
microscope work.
FQQk_II¥LhlnQWhen[::::::::]finished working at USAMRIID inI I' he had in rQQmI___1ezr£unJ H-6
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Iis unaware of what else was in
the freezer during that period.
[::::::::]was immunized inlmgmn at USAMRIID. In[::::::::]was contacted to have[:::]boosters up ated, however,[::]never had
them done.
did not know w was prior to
and have never interacted.
E:::::::] stated that it was common knowledge that the[:::]code on t e suite doors would grant access in Bui1ding[:::] at
USAMRIID. It was noted that doors that should have been closed and
locked were often propped open. Rooms and|[::]were codedwith the same access numbers. Room| gas used for storage while[:::::::::Pas at USAMRIID.
| Inever used the cooler in room[::] of Building
1412 at USAMRIID did use the walk-in cooler on the firstfloor of Building| |where[:::]plates and consumable material
were stored. '
| did not work with anyone from the[::::::::]
departmen a IID.
I is not aware of any weaponization procedures
pathogenic ma eria .
| never saw a lyophilizer or freeze dryer in
Building 1412 at USAMRIID.
| is unaware of anyone who attempted to gain
access to pathogenic material without reason or need.
| has dried clinical isolates from patients in
past. noted that it is a routine and common activity.
[::::::::]has used a lyophilizer in the past to freeze bacterial
isolates for storage.for
the
[::::::::] has used a fermentor to grow vaccine candidates
in glycerol and glucose.bo
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| |is awarT_thaL_there_is_B1a. at|I | and has the| Istrain ofB.a., however,| |is not aware if there are any other strains
at the facility.
I | does not know any member of the [:::::::::::]
I lat USAMRIID.
had no foreign visitors while working at kcUSAMRIID. never saw any foreign visitors in Building[:::::]
at USAMRIID.
[::::::::]is unaware of anyone who could have done the
anthrax mailings of 2001.
E::::::::]read the Canadian study regarding Bacillus
globigii dispersa ' mail system prior to the Anthraxmailings of 2001.t:fif:f??] could not recall i |had read the
study on the internet or througd Ihad read the study as
Fpart ofl | |
Irecalled going into USAMRITDJS
noted that| lhas never done any work that was classified
as Secret.
not believe the assumption that the anthrax
2001 came from USAMRIID. noteda lyophilizer and no one ha; any
at USAMRIID, that USAMRIID was not the
source of the material. [:::::::]Ibelieves that Anthrax is not a
practical pathogen to use for an attack since too much material is
needed for an effective attack, however, it is a good choice for
long term storage. Anthrax is a good choice of material to use ifdistribution is going to be via powder. [:::;::;:]believes that the
people who perpetrated the anthrax mailings ie in the September
11, 2001 attacks.[::::::::] r called the report of a cutaneousex osure to anthrax and MOHAMEQQ ATTAs access to crop dusters.[::?:::::]would not have thought that sending anthrax through the|;| doesused in t e mai ings ofthat sincd[::]never saw
weaponization knowledge-i /-O0
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mail would be so effective since it is such 1 a ow tech use for the
pathogen. [::::::::]believes that there would have been subsequent
incidents of anthrax if the peo le res ' onsible had not either diedor ran out of material to use. E:::::j%] recalled the 1996 or 1997
incident at the I ' sraeli Embassy where a petri dish was found
noted that [g::::g:] a possible motivation for the attacks could
ave een for increased research funding.
|:| tno ed that[:::kould use Bounce fabric softner to
remove the static charge from the powder.
[::;:::::]does not believe that the material was from an
American lSO ate.
[::::::::]indicated on a USAMRIID floor plan of Buildin[;;:] where the refrigerators that[::]utilized were on the b6oor and where the refrigerator in room| b7C
IA copy of the floor plan w1Eh
markings will be maintained in the 1A section of the
file along with the notes of this interview.
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_ 92EILL II=IFCl13!I¬[ATI CUICITAII-TEI3' O I'IEIEfEIlrI I3 UIII EIFIED
FD302 Rua1W6&5! t BATE 12-15-20
-1-Bl Lu: bs.rrr'd}§_+'cls
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
- g Date of transcription
date ofbin Social Security NumberIh I home addressome telep one number I
interviewed aEI Iplace of employment, I
Building Uni ed States Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Disease USAMRIID!, Ft. Detrick, MD, work tele hone
numbe After being advised of the identities ofthe interviewing agehts and the nature of the interview,E::::]
provided the following information:
I Iis currentl theI1at USAMRIID. Ihas a Ifrom
Universitv.I Iworked at USAMRIID
A I
[:::::::::]has done no personal work with Bacillus
I in th anthracis Ba!; however I' e
[:::::::::::]Division at USAMRIID who work with Ba.
[:::::::::]has not had any projects that dealt wi h Ba and
has never used the modified G sporulation media. stated
that no drying of Ba work is conducted t USAMRI . a
I Iidentified Dr. BRUCE IVINS |:| <1, anI Ias persons who have some expertise in weaponization
ec niques, spore production and lyophilizing of Ba.
|:| recall <1 e one incident after O9/11/2001, where
bacterial contamination occurred in the hallway of USAMRIID which
was the only incident that[::]could recall outside of the
containment suites. Other incidents occur within the containment
suites on occasion, which are understandable because the
containment suites are assumed to be contaminated.
[::::::::] identified buildin s dI I
containment suites as areas routinel used by hasused the hot areas of building[:::::ihowever, has not used room
Investigation on 01/22 / 2 0 04 at" Ft. Detrick, MD
"Ten WYIQIFi1<=#279-WF222936USAMRIID: 2'/9A-BA-c1o1392 Daredicrated 01 29 2064
by[::::::::::] Postal Inspector;[:::::::::::::] Postal Inspector
This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency;
it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.Ol[29[200-4135
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[:::::::::::::::]<doesn't know anyone who uses room[::] and doesn't
know what is stored there.
[::::::::::]stated people did "piggy-back" in and out of
the hot areas of USAMRIID and stated visiting scientists were taken
into the hot areas of USAMRIID by researchers.
[::::::::::]stated there are many, many ways someone could
ect Agents from the hot areas of USAMRI .EE???ff:§fFsaid it would not be a difficult task. E?:fffifE%Tsaid
hypothetically, someone could procure culture plates through the
pass box or shower room, could take impure cultures, or a person
could autoinnoculate thems l d l e ves an ace a culture under theirfingernails, in their nose and etc. E?:::::::]did not know anyone
hey would use or make Select Agents improperly[fE2:iiif:jknew of no one whom[::]believed to be associated with the
mailings of the anthrax letters.
[:::::::::]advised that there wereLI_ Iwh I Io
worked with on occasion who were lax in han ing dangerous items
no names recalled! but they were dealt with in-house by
retraining. [:::::::::]knew of no one who was rumored to be
interested in gaining access to anthrax or any other dangerous
agents.
[::::::::] advised i[::]was to prepare Ba to send throu h 9
the mail it definitely wouldn't be done in the institute.
[:::::::::]said the drying of the Ba would be the hardest part of
the process. First, one would need to build themselves a lab, grow
the cultures, get a lyophilizer or drying equipment such as a spray
dr er to make it aerosolize and add compounds to refine the powder.[g:f;:::::Ladvised the person would have to have a fairly reasonable
10 ogica background and experience. In the lab, one would have to
drape everything in plastic and use a HEPA filter as well as
internal ressure of the lab so that the neighbors wouldn't get
sick. doesn't know anyone who would construct such a
lab.
[:::::::::]is not aware of anyone who expressed a special
interest in having the ability to get around forensic techniques.|:| ' har1wi.thth.es.ta.t.eofJersey wasII IadvisedI Ibelieves USAMRIIDA II |_|however, oes not know its
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location. [:::::::::] sated neither[::]nor any of[:::]associates
traveled to New Jersey in September or October of 2001.
[::%;;;;;;2%giised there are SOP's for decontamination of
E::::::::] and biosafety cabinets;E:::::::::]advised[:::::]
couldn't recall them, but stated they can be can be retrieved
online.[::::::::] said[::]has smelled bacterial decontamination
chemicals in the virology suites. [:::::::::]stated airlocked
suites are deconned monthl with either paraformaldehyde orglutaraldeh de. Suite[:::Twas deconned in 2001 for renovationpurposes;[:E:::::::]advised facilities engineering would have the
exact dates.
E::::::::] stated[:] has never used plastic storage
containers such as sterilite boxes for storage of[:::]materials.
[:::::::::]said small plastic boxes are used by some researchers for
the storin of samples in freezers but none the size of a sterilitebox;E:::::%:::]has never noticed any missing containers and has no
knowledge of purchase dates.
is not aware of an unofficial or unrecordedwork with Ba in division[iEEEi::::£a said not all of[:::]work is
located in note oo s; some of data is captured electronicallyand was not recorded in lab notebooks.E;;::::;:::]said researchers
kee official notes but not always in o icia notebooks.E;;;;;;;;]advised some[::]:research is located in the library at
[::::::::] advised[::]has never purchased restampedenvelopes like those in the anthrax mailings for E:fE:::] or anyone
else. - '
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k:::::::::::::::]stated| |Dr. Bruce Ivins and two
technicians names unknown! were present when| |136
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never ran into at USAMRIID and has no personal knowledge ofQW
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[:::::::::] stated[::]has never hosted foreign visiting
scientists and has never been a member of the] |
|:|
[;::::::::]said has a small problem with submitting to
a polygrap examination. t ygraph is being~ used opposite of what it 1S inten ed.jgff%E?f:Effadvised asking
questions relating to what a person di w en the were 15 ears oldhas no significance to the case at hand.[::::::fE:]statedE:::::]
wouldn't mind taking the polygraph but has problems on how it is
being administered at this time.
I 0 , ALL IIJ w TIUN IIIIIIiTT'AII~IEDFD802Gw_ 695! HEREIN UNCLASSIFIED -
DATE 12-l5-ECIEIEI BY 193324 1.16 ]£I=E|.I»J,*EiJ~I,~f:lS
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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| ll date of birthlil[::::] social security number| | employed at the United StatesArm Medical ' ' 'y Research Institute o Infectious Diseases USAMRIID!, wasinterviewed on[:::::::::::::1 After being advised of t ' tity of 2
the interviewing agents and the nature of the interview, provided b
bthe following information:
I |antifoam was used when aerosol challenges6
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Investigation on 04 / Q 7/2 0 O4 at Frederick , Maryland
File # 2 79A-WF 22 2 93 6 USAMRI ID -bl I3 Date dicgawd
SSA
by SA
-WP
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[:::::]said that the same AGIs have been used for at least the
past ten 0! years. Recently the AGIs have been modified to use a
screw top instead of a push on top.
H The material that was collected in the AGI would be
maintained for several days or longer following a challenge.
Small amounts of the antifoam were aliquoted into tubes. In
previous years, larger tubes were used which caused excess waste.
Inoted that Anthrax
spores are very resilient.
[:::::]is unaware of any antifoam stock ever reported missing.
[:::::]said that[:::]would assume thatl lknew
the process of using antifoam as part of the aerosol chal1enqes.|
I lin the past olive oil was used for aerosol
challenges. The olive oil was used for challenges involving toxin
proteins Olive oil has not been used '. du11ng_Qhallenges_£Qr_ten_l0!years. I| [has not seen a bottle of olive
oil at USAMRIID since the early 1990's.
[:::::::]stated that there is no difference in the post challenge
assays if olive oil or antifoam are used during the aerosol challenge.
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The concentration of anthrax used in the aer
depended on the desired post-challenge concentration.
1
For a long period, only the material rovided by Dugway was hautilized in the aerosol challenges at USAMRIID.t|stated that BRUCE ha.
IVINS wanted to do the plating of the material of his challenges
personally[::::::]said that IVINS would plate 0.1 or 0.2 ml of
' nd that the amount plated differed for each PI. IVINS and[?iEffiii::jgrew material used in the challenges. *
| IVINS and were alwaysresent for studies involvin aerosol challenges. [:::::::][¬::::::::] 1 any ogs indicated that| Iwas the PI it wasIVINS that was handling the aerosol challenge forl |also
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said that| lwas not around for any of the aerosol
challenges related td lstudies.
[:::::::::]never saw the post challenge plates after they had been
placed into the autoclave bags for disposal.
. [:::::::::::::] there are unofficial and also possibly
official procedures for anthrax aerosol challenges] I
IVINS would have a f th d ll l f copy o e roce ure as we as a protoco oranthrax aerosol preparation.[::E::::::::::::] there are general
Standard Operating Procedures SOP! for equipment usage and
maintenance.
[::::::::::::] stated that the systems used in the aerosol challenge H
rocess have been d t d 'th t t dp up a e W1 newer au oma e , computer basedsystems. As an example[:::::::::::::::]the flow meters are now
electronic instead of manual. Some of the modifications to the units
over the past several years have been based on system maintenance,
however, other modifications have involved complete component
re lacements U d d t th ' t d ' . pgra es ma e o e equipmen were not note in a log.[::i%::::::::::] maintenance logs were maintained for filters, tubing,
and glove replacements. The maintenance logs were not kept with the
intention of historical documentation. The hood lines present in the
laboratory now are the same ones present since the early 1990's.
On the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIAID! website, interviewing agents should be able to locate a
presentation given at an aerosol workshop. The presentation was given
in December of 2003. The presentation should have photographs of the
equipment used in the aerosol challenges.
~ be[::::::::::::::::]1BjEills:anfhfifjs Ba! Ames challenges are b7Q
still conducted at USAMRIID. one nonhuman primate is
going to be ex osed to Ba Ames around May 1, 2004. The PI for thestudv isl 92 IVINS will provide the Ba Ames for the challenge.|_ there will be an aerosol challenge of Ba Ame
involving mice at the end of April 2004. The PI for the study is
B th f th h ll k of [%:;;;:] o 0 e upcoming c a enges will ta e place in room
111 mg |:|
.0 6I lthe aerosol technicians listed on the b7C
Aerosol Challen e Lo sheets were the people actually running thechallenge. [:::¬::::f::::::]if rabbits were utilized in the challenge,
another individual would need to be involved to hold the animal.[:::::]~ [::::::::]there were always people around observing the challenges,
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however, not many people were handson with administering the
challenges.
I IidentifiedI Ias a former aerosol technigign____
[::::::::]was asked by the interviewing agents to provide anprotocols or other documentation for Ba Ames challenges run in|;;f:::::]II Iwould require the rotocol number of estudy in order to -<1 th - f t- a provi e e in orma ion. the
material from in the[::::::::::::] period would have been aerosolized
using the old nebulizers and that none of the remaining material in the
nebulizers would have been remixed back into any anthrax stock. The
material that was collected in the AGI would have been poured into asterile tube.[;;:g:g:::::::::]the Anthrax used in the challenge would
have been provi e y IVINS.
[:::::::]provided the interviewing ag ' two ! green ,Aerosol Lo Books. One of books is labeledI Iand the other is E2,labeled asi:::::::::::] room[:::] Aerosol Log Book .I I a J
print out of the model and price of Antifoam A Emulsion that is -
purchased for the aerosol challenges. rovided a of anunregistered and unapproved SOP titled I
the SOP
is based on an older unofficial procedure developed with IVINS. IVINS
should be able to provide a copy of the older procedure.
The two ! log books, the SOP provided[::::::::]the FD597 b6
for the books collected, the antifoam product information, and the b7C
interview notes will be maintained in a 1A envelope.
During this interviewl::::::::]advised by SSA[::::::]that
the agents may want to obtain Ames samples from various stages of a
future Ames aerosol challenge and may want to secure them in the
I
J0
' s
FD-302a Rev. 10-6-95! O '
b6
1:>7C
279AWF222936USAMRIID
Continuation of FD-302 of __' I , On O4 / O 7 / 2 O O4 , Page -6-_
aerosol challenge laborator at room tempera%%f?::E;;;;;;¥:]willing toassist when needed.[::::::j%:::::] told that may be asked
in the future to produce spore preparations and use the challenge
equipment as it was setup in the late 1990's for some challenge runs
nimal ' ' s. II l SSA| itoJd1 Isuch plans would be clearedwith I lis asked to assist. -
, 4