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....-.-.,...............--........--................. being iiretduiy sworn. onhieoethstitea:
I urn, and during all the time while soliciting signatures as hereinafter Bot forth was, a qualified .
and registered elector of the above named County and City and of the State of California; I am ' '
the person who circufated the attached and foregoing section of the initiative petition of which Raid _'
section is a part and who Solicitcd the signatures to the said section; I have circulated said section ~
in the County o1'.AIameda, City of Berkeley, State of California; all of the signatures to the attache1_i""
section were made in my presence and upon the date shown after each signature and were solicited 1 '
by me within the above named County §ity of Berkeley, State of California; and to the best of my Hknowledge and belie! each signature to s-aiid. 3,q§§i9'i,i-.9 the genuine signature of the person whose
name it purports to be, and each such person to the best of my knowledge and belief is a qualified .; -1 -
elector st such County and City, and all signatures to said section were secured by me. .,_, ,m__. ,
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ial Voting Address!-1.'1
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iqignatures cf 1'55; oi til mber of people voting in the prec inc ornprising the neighbor- _<_ _ hood! VAfhi;h'V@ cqm ion II responsible . - V .__:_: _ -- -.- .:-V- _ e.--.-.. V .7
' * 9. Annexation: Whenever 3010 of the adult residents of a precinct within one Department
' D~ilElct, which contiguous to another Department District, pgljtign {qr gnngxagiou 1|-go
V ssid- other Department District, an election shall he had within 30 days of certication _
' Q of the requisite number of signatures by the City Clerlt. Such precinct shall be annexed
' if the majority oi the people voting in such election so indicates, uni ; ; major {tr of
-_ the Councilmen of said other Department District reject such annexation within 30 days
of said election. A notice of intention shall be given not more than 60 days prior to
filing for certification of the petition. v'92-"oere such anneration has taken place, appropria
ndjustmentsjhali be made between the affected Departrnents in regard to funding, V
whenever practicable. ' - " . .- =_-- --,.. - . V, _ '_- .
ll!. Disposition_oVf_VCVu::eVnt Assets: All funds, files, records, property, supplies, and
other assets curr cntly posssssedhy the Berkeley Police Department shall be divided
among the Police Departments herein created in proportion to the population of each '
Police Department District; provided that police files and other records shall be
distributed so that each aforesaid Department shall obtain all records pertaining to
citizens living within its geographic confines, or to organizations operating therein.te
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ll. Residence: All Police officers shall reside in the area covered by the Department
they wox-E Ior, '
_ l2, Ordinances: Any ordinance heretofore enacted, prior to the effective date of the _
- Witin amendment, which is contradictory to any of the provisions hereof, is repealed, H
,_,l3, De artrnent Districts Defined: Three separate police departments shall be established,Eac'h"sglal'l_have e3iHn?W¬jurisd'i'ction olrer the following defined areas: -
A. Police Department 1: Starting at the intersection of the western boundary of
Berkeley and the projected center line of Gilman Street, along the projected center
line of Gilman Street into Gil:-nan Street, along Gilman Street to San Pablo Avenue,
along San Pablo Avenue to University Avenue, along University Avenue to Grove -
' ' Street, along Grove Street to Dwight Way, along Dwight Way to Shattuck Avenue,
' j along Shattuck Avenue to the_Oakland-Berkeley boundary, along the Oakland-Berkeley
" boundary west into the Berkeley -Emeryville boundary, along the Berkeley-Emeryville
boundary to the intersection of the western Berkeley boundary and projected center
line to Gilman Street. '
B. Police Department 2: Starting at the intersection of Virginia Street and Grove
Street, along Grove Street to Dwight Way, along Dwight Way to Shattuck Avenue.
along Shattuck Avenue to the Oakland-Berkeley bounda ry, along the Oakland-Berkeley
boundary to College Avenue, along College Avenue to Ashby Avenue, along Ashby Avenue
to Piedmont Avenue, along Piedmont Avenue to the border of the University of California
campus, along the border of UC campus east to the Berkeley-Oakland boundary, alonethe Berkeley-Oakland boundary north to the border of UC campus, along theborder of -
UC campus west to Virginia Street, along Virginia Street to Grove Street.
C. Police Department 3: l,Startir|g at the intersection of the western boundary of
. Berkeley and the projected center line of Gilman Street, north along the western
Berkeley boundary into the Albany-Berkeley boundary, along the Albany Qerlteley
boundary into the Berkeley-Kensington boundary, along the Berkeley-Kensington
boundary into the eastern boundary of Berkeley, along the eastern boundary of
Berkeley to the UC campus border, west along the UC campus border to Virginia
Street, along Virginia Street to Grove Street, south along Grove Street to University
Avenue, west along University Avenue to San Pablo Avenue, north along San Pablo
Avenue to Gilman Street, west along the projected center line of Gilman Street to
the wstern boundary of Berkeley. Z. Starting at the intersection of Colt: Avenueand Ashby Avenue, along Ashby Avenue to Piedmont Avenue, along Piedmonéksvenue
to the UC campus border, along the UC campus border east to the Berkeley-Oakland
V -A boundary, along the Berkeley-Oakland boundary to College Avenue, along College
*' Avenue to Ashhy Avenue. _ .- "'..-=t-'="-"~*-. ,::.l;.;j.-;*z:- . _ . A -1 , -_-77¢-1» . »
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i4.h'ei-la -" -ed Divisions Defined: Police Department it The dividing line between
_', ' -NeigEdorEo5d Division I and NElghiJO'|7hOOd Division B shall be Dwight Way and its . ,. , ,_ ;,___w_ Rejected center line. Neighborhood Division A shall be north of said line; Neighborhood '_ , " vision B shall be south of said line. Police Department 2. shall have only one '
' Neighborhood Division. Police Department 3: The dividing line between Neighborhood _
~- Division A and Neighborhood Division B shall be as follows: starting at the intersection
- " _-;. » ed Albina Avenue and the Berkeley-Albany boundary, along Albina Avenue to Hopkins Stre
H along Hopkins Street to the Alameda, along the Alameda into Grove Street, along Grove
J.-.».,. 1. Street to Rose Street, along Rose Street toshattuck Avenue, along Shattucl: Avenue to _
j-'V-V--- Virginia Street. Neighborhood Division A shall be the area northeast of said dividingA " "'_'*. " "-'. line, including area Z of Department 3. bieignbcrhood Division B is south and west
F1 of said line. - , _ " . '~ 1 . . ."' "" ' .. i'.-- -~ '-'. - . . ' - .e
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To the City Council_ot' tne Cll _ of Berkeley: '. 1 ;. .. "_;'..:-.:.c,_:,,<. wWe, the undersigned, registered and qualified electors of the State of C.nlifori':'is.-,4-gg"|,¢%__%*§':of the City of Berkeley, pursuant to Section B of Article XI of the_Constitutl-on of -this "--1;;A_:._{'.';"_"jto the City Council of the City this petition and request that the following proposed_arnendmem?;;=the charter of the City be submitted to the registered and qualified electors of the City for tug ;_t_;_a._7
adoption or rejection at an election on s._date to be determined by the City Council.
1%? The proposed charter amendment reads as Iollows: p - _ k . ,1'"'i.:'.';'.t .f_ M _ .. . . . ~.; - -. . . ._ ._;._,_,,1_A_-W am, . '1. ISection l, in section 49: Repeal subsections 5 and 6 and substitute for section 5 the lollowini ,-"~_1_=.'*f*i-
lanzagst - - - ._ - ' -. ..~.;;_5 To organize snd maintain {ire departments, er eci the necessary buildings and own all I
implements and apparatus required therefor, and to provide funds for three police -~_:»idepartments. All control exercised by the City Council, the Mayor, and the CityManager over the composition, powers, duties, responsibilities, and functions o£_
Police is hereby terminated, except as may be hereinafter provided. 1 - -I ...r~
_ " . - H ' T _ = ;.$:....-:'_Section}, in section 20: Delete "The Chief oi Police" and substitute A Police Commissioner ,. V -V -..,7._ _ .1-._-5,1.
Section 3, in section 30: Delete Chief of Police " and substitute "live Police Cpmmissioners
.-.3-.1.-I-,f,§__Section 4: Add anew article xvii- 7 H N ' ' ' _ = c -6"
l, For'the purpose of providing police services to the people of the City of Berkeley,
there are established three police departments, one for each of the three Districts ._ _ ;_
into which the City is divided as hereinafter set forth and described.
Police De artrnents: Each Departrnent of Police shall be administered by a Commission as hereinalter set forth. Each Commissioner shall be selected by s. '-
Division Council as hereinaiter provided. The Commissioners shall fix the policies of the
police within the Department, shall punish police officers for violations of said policies
and for violation of the law, shall determine qualifications of members of the police .
department, and shall x compensation of all employees of said Department. They may -enter into ngpessary agreements with other police departments and other government. -
agencies an enerally conduct the affairs of the police department. Each Commissioner
shall bring before the full Commission any matter or proposal which his Council instructs
him to place before the Commission, and shall vote as his Council instructs him. The '
Police Commission shall hold regular public meetings at a time when the residents of _ ~
the Department Districtare roost able to attend. The Police Commissioners shall servo
on a Iulltime basis and shall be compensated therefor. Compensation shall be set by .
the respective Division Councils, The Departments may enter into agreements with
each other for the operation, maintenance and staffing of certain facilities in which
there is a common interest, including, but not limited to laboratories, vehicle repair
and communications. The Departments may cooperate together in the requisitioning of
equipment, including vehicles and weapons. Funds for the Departments shall be -
appropriated annu.all'y for the City of Berkeley by the'City Council and shall be disbursed
lo each Departrnent on the basis of the number of people residing in each Department
District on the last preceding election. '
Z. Neighborhood Divisions: Each Police Department has a Neighborhood Divisionlsl
{lt.:5C1l.EBa Below. _
3. Police Council: Each Neighborhood Division shall he divided into fifteen Police Council
Pr City Clerk; the population of each such Precinct is not to exceed that of
any other Precinct by more than 10% of the population of the entire District divided by -
fifteen, The registered voters in each Precinct shall elect s Police Councilman who will
serve in that capacity fora term of two years, unless recalled. The Councilmen shall
serve on a part-time basis and will be compensated for the time spent in the performance
oi their duties. K _ _ _ . -
4. Qualifications of Councilmen: Airy person who has resided in the Precinct for six.
months next pr ececling the elecfion and is of voting age at the time'of elections is qualified
to serve as Councilman. There shall be no other qualifications established for the office.
S. Duties of Council: The Neighborhood Council shall, within ten days oi its own election,
select a Commissioner. ln_addii.ion to selection of Commissioners, the Councils shall
review the policies oi the Police Department and will recommend changes or modications
of such policies when such policies no longer reflect the needs or will of the populace of
the Neighborhood represented by the Council. 'The Councilmen of each Neighborhood
shall have the power, exercised by a vote oi the majority oi that council, to remove and
replace. their Commissioner when he is no longer responsive to the Council. Each
Council shall establish procedures necessary to hear and process complaints made against
individual members of the. Police Department by persons residing within the district or -
concerning police practices within the district, and shall have the power to discipline
members of the Departrnent for violations of law or policy occurring within that District. .
6. Meetings: The Neighborhood Council will meet regularly at a time convenient to the
Co and at a time when interested persons may attend. Special meetings may be
called when requested in writing lay 26% of the Councilmen. in a Department having more
than one Council, s Neighborhood Council may, by a majority vote, call a meeting of all
the Councilmen of the Department, "which shall meet within ten da ys. Such a meeting
may, by majority vote of both Councils, Clmnge, institute or modify any Policy the
Department, upon which the Commissioners fail or refuse to act. s . ' -
?; Becsll olonncilrnenz Ihe people of a precinct may recall tltnif Cilma by Ipetition Bearing tEe signatures of residents eqitzilling 20% of the number of people voting
within the precinct in the last preceding general election. Upon certification of the
requisite number of signatures an election shall. he had not later than 30 days thereafter. '
Not-ice of intention to recall a Councilman must he given not more than 30 days prior to, 5,1
cooking co;-ti1'ioation_o£ the requisite number/of signatures by the City Clerk. ;; ".-=,. L, - 1.-cc-w.;._.. '- , . _ " - L - ,. " .'...[':-__;__j,j- - ,~;1--
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CAUTION! DO NOT CHiCUL.!iTE PETITION UN'I'1L YOU-HAVE READ CAREFULLY/'
3
92 .
'0. . ,-1-..-5.2».1. " Do not circulate this Petition UNL§§S YOU ARE A REG rem-:1: yo'rER_IN THE err? F "
BERKELEY. " e A . if . " y . __ _
2, Do not allow a perscn to you to sign until such person has rst answered YES to _4._ -
the question; "Arc you a registered voter in Berkeley?" _- T
3. Do not perrriitjany peri.on'tocircu1ate this Petition foryou. Each signature must he Ie-
cured by the person making aifidavit on the last signature page that all signatures were obtained .,
in his or her presence. After you start to circulate this Petition no one_e_lse_n-Jay take over your __;,
. . .
4, Do not leave this Petition in annoffice, plant or home to be signed in your-Labsgncg, Ali
signatures must be made in your presence, .rm; INSTRUCTIONS n1:now= f __ - ~
' _ ' 15 0
.. .- .~_-.~-
5, Circulatorsjnust not write anything in any column on the signature pages, except thatcirculator may"sign his or her name once in the regular manner as a signer of the Petition, .
76,- When soliciting signatures have a_ fountain pen or indelible pencil along for convenienceof signers, . -' ' .
1. EACH s':oN:»:R or THIS PETITION Mus-r=' " . .' .
a! In the first column write his or her name EXACTLY as the signer is registered, A
. married woman must sign her own given name. For example: Mrs. Mary N, Smith
must so Sign, and not write'Mr5. John J. Smith. Mr. Smith must sign John I. Smith,
and not merely J. J. Smith. The Srnithls unmarried daughter must sign her full given
name, using her title Miss. In short, the Petition rnust be signed exactly as eachersonlsliame appears on the registration 'r]>Tls. _ W * i 1 'lb! %fthe Second column write street andiiircr of residence. Do not permit dittos,
Fast 61iiCc Boxes are not allowed.
cl In the third column write the day and month of signing, The date can be abbreviated.
Is an example, January l should be written like this, 1/1 or Jan, 1, Do not pm-mi;dittns_ ' '
=1; PUT NOTHING m THE. I..A;S'If _3_O_l_.U192-IN MARKED PRECINCT, Leave that column blank.
e! Do not "permit si§'fers' toie ditto marks an§_pu-ice. Ditto "! marks are illegal,
8. This Petition and all its Sections [any printed form identical with what you are now
reading is legally termed a "5cction"! in its entirety of pages and all of them are to be
I'ei1J-T065 to the sponsor ame and address below! so that further provisions of the law
applying to lnitiative Petitions may be carried out.
9. IT IS A FELQNY FOR ANY Pi3RSOI§I_'I'O WRITE A_l§lY NAME IN Tl-{IS PETIIION OTHER
T RTTW. iushéndiay not sign f5.1§w1;¢ -150;-*3 qt-if§'fOr a h,'_i§'g5'n3'__-
nor for any other member of the family -- nor for any other person, _
it _,..- .. ._ 4.92_:- 'I'92_n.' .-__ -._ ___ no . u-92 1 -- .19, when you have secured an your signatur t==I, take ima rerihon no any notary ruouc, or to
any officer authorized to administer oaths, and execute the Circulatorls Affidavit. Under - '
Article IV, Section l, oi the California Constitution, the affidavit of any person soliciting
signatures hereunder shall be verified free of charge by any officer authorized to administer
oaths. A Notary Publii can iIs'u§l lybefou.ud*conYrEniently located in your neighborhood in most
real estate or lawyersl offices, or at banks, - . »
' - _ . _ After the petition is notarized return at once to:
Peace and Freedom Movement Black Panther Party
ZZI4 Grove Street or 4421 Grove Street
Berkeley, California Oakland, California V
, -.._J. - »- »- :11.
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: .'_ ,,,__ . _ ,_ SUMMARY OF BERKELEY POLICE CONTROL AMENDMENT _.
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1Y "I -.-~ T,-I _ This amendment to the City Charter would give control of the j
police to community elected neighborhood councils so that those whorn the '
' policeshould serve will be able to set police policy and standards of .~
conduct; -~ - .. . _ . _ ~ _ _ -
' ' ", 'The*amendment provides for community control of the police by
establishing separate police departments {or the three major communities
in Berkeley: the Black community, the campus community and the pre- '
. dominant _ white area. The departments would be separate and autonomous- The cafng mutual agreement use common facilities, Each department -Y Y' will be administered by a full-time police commissiones!. The c ornmis-
sioners are selected by a Neighborhood Police Control Council of fifteen.
members from that community elected by those who live there. '
- The Councils shall have the power to discipline officers for
breaches of Department policy or violations of law. They may direct
their police Commissioner to make changes in Department-wide policy. '
The Council can recall the Commissioner appointed by it at any time it '
finds that he is no longer responsive to the community, 'The community
can recall the Council members when they are not responsive to it.
All police officers must live in the Department they work in.
11 - .
MAP OF PRQPQSED BERKELEY PQL-LGL DEPARTMENTSaim roe COMMUNITY coe1eot,oF§oi|,}¢j~»;~_ .-.-= L-5.--'.-._-e '-,'~ _,.~_.,- -we '::; - l. __ _. " - ' , '- _ --~~ -, -~_ -.1 ..r__ _...s__ "5-5- .___ A; . . Hz __, -#1. _- :- ¢.;_r-Ii; J; :._W_ _____;'r ,_.: :_,_-_____-_;-,_., _ 3 __ -;_ -; _ -_ ,. 3; _, ;_ 1 _ 1- . -----.-.-,-,---- 92,~'5,g-:--_.- - -,1-.
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!'|:lumpen"Z
In the Qgggugigt gnigggtg, they refer to the lvmpenproletariat as "the dangerous
class, the social scum, that passively rotting mass thrown off by the lowest layers
of old society, and claim that although it "may, here and there, be swept into the
movement by e preletarian revolution, its conditions of life prepare it far more for
the part of a bribed tool of reactionary intrigue," Selected Works, I, t!, In lhg ;
glass $trugg1e§_;n_§;QQ§§_ lgagfljq, Marx says that the lumpenproleterint "in all big
towns forms a mass sharply differentiated from the industrial proletariat," and
analyzes it as "a recruiting ground.£or thieves and criminals of all kinds, living
on the crumbs of society, people without a definite trade, vagabonds, gggg gang £59
gt sang even, varying according to the degree of civilisation of the nation to which
they belong, hut never renouncing their liigiggi character." $@§E§§§§ PQEKE» 1,155!
The most savage passage comes in Engels "Profatory Note to Qhg Zeaso EAL lQ.§Q!@QQ£T
The lggpsqngglggggigg, this scum of the depraved elements of all classes, which
established headquarters in the big cities, is the worst of all possible al1ies_
This rabble is absolutely vcnal and absolutely brazen_ If the French workers,
in every revolution, inscribed on the houses: Hort_au§_!Q1aursf Death to thievesf
av! cvon_nhot some, they did it, not out of enthhsiasm for property, but because
tL.; t:;*ily considered it necessary above all to keep that gang at B di$¢B"¢E.
£r:'" 1~:ier oi the worhzrs who uses these scoundrels as guards or relics on '
th iv? Support proves himself by this action alone a traitor to the movement,
:1-r. 2-" :l.-.=.d E;-orks, I, 646! _
Yet ever this passage, taken with the contexts of the others, presents some apparent
contr»"-:Lons_
First : all, what do Mari and Engels sea as the class background of the lumpenr '
ptc1F="1It? This is not an idle or academic question, Class background should
cert:i- y have something to do with determining consciousness, both actual and
P0tl 'i"1. And Itcently it has become fashoinable in some quarters to write off the
street [UOPIC as not even lumpenproletariat but "lumpenburgeoisie," or fake 1umpcu-
proletariat. In the previous passage {tom Engels he claims that they come from "the
deprvvd Elmenta of all classes," But the lniiggtg says that they come only from
"the lowest layers of old society," And in the very passage in which Marx says that
the lumpenprolctariat is sharply differentiated from the industrial proletariat,"
he also indicates that it comes directly from only one class, that same pro1etariat_
"And so the Paris proletariat was confronted with an army, drawn from its own midst
Yet 1 Ills. .¥;i:1.l.*.t_<-_<=-!92_l;!1 .7}.£EL §_--Iii 9_f. Jsiiie !ls.P_<>_1£s.a. Marx is quits we lisit in ststi-as
that the lumpcnptoletariat comes from all classes: rIla
Alongside decayed rough with dubious means
alongside ruined and adventurous offshoots
discharged soldiers, discharged jailbirds, escaped galley slaves, suindlers,
mountebanhs, lggggygai, piclpcckets, tricksters, gamblers, gngyerggns pimps!,
brothel keepers, porters, literati, organgrinders, rag~pichcrs, knife grinders,
iinhcrs, Beggars"-in short, the whole indefinite, disintegrated mhss, thrown
hither and thither, which the French term lg_y§§§@g; from this kindred element
Bonaparte formed the core of the Society of December 10, A "benevolent society"~-
in so for as, lite Bonaparte, all its monhers felt the need of benefiting then-
selves at the expanse of the labouring nation, This B0n3p3ft¬, who con$titutes
himself ghiqj 9; the jvpnengrqleggrigt, ,,_ here alone discovers in mass form
the interests which he personally pursues, ,,_ recognizes in this scum, offal,
reins: of all classes the only class upon which he can base himself uncondition-
ally. . . is 295!. tr: aof_subsistencc and of dubious origin,
of the boutgenisie, were vagabonds,
,{ i _ __. . _ 4 - ._ . .___._i
1;" if" "" -' i""' "" _' .--,-~_._ f_.. , _ , _, y _,- . 92 - =1.-_,. -._. - _, .-J . ,» . __ -fa vb ;-w wan _r-"'- 1 _: 1?. .= . vs, T ?=§fvv-v ~rw92_. ,ii' =.v;=-- =»' T _Q_ _=' 'i :,t?792F"" v*"="¥ -"-,- ..,.- - , .-,-¢*_:--.1~'-'Z$*-'~,:-" __#-"' 5" -- -= ~"5'-'55 "-~"-"1-P-P1 .. _ 1- .t 1&2-afl¬5'l-92" "3'5.%'a-'92 A
Q b 92 4- ' In ' "-_e y, _ _ , ___ ___ _______;* U _i"-'--..r? -an--.-o-.¢
lumpen--3v .
A
$7 But this is all very confusing, because in the Manifesto the paragraph which_immndinte1;
1' follows the sentence condemning the lumpenproletariat describes the pauperizatio Of
. the proletariat in these terms"
_,;_
to the poupcrized proletariat? How do they manage to live? Hhy is ap
proletarian "law§~morality, religion" are just "bourgeois prejudices,"
be a question of personal relation to the means of production. beause
any worker who becomes unemployed would automatically become a member
proletariat and the industrial reserve army would be a Iumpen army,
J
at each and every moment;
1,
Ell!
[0
primary because Lhese skills are needed to survive, :@. : J - "I ' H I I
,1 : 1A few paragraphs later, it states that "the modern laborer ,,, sinks deeper
below the conditions of his own class ; "He becomes a pauper, and pnuperism
more rapidly than population and wealth;" Nell, then, if this is true, what happens
knife grinder or
a tinker or a porter or a beggar or a discharged soldier or even a discharged jnilbird
a member of some other class, the lumpenproletariat, "sharply differentiated from The
industrial proletariat"? It cannot be just a question of values, because to the true,
And it cannot
in that case
of the 1umpen-
,392'+
,...--M-s~»---P--W,-s- -7----- ------- -- -We - -- -7 _ yrs W _ A W "'7'-".. -92 U: ._ , .a.,_-.,,, ,,a_ _,,,.I J. -_'~-1|-*; s -,q gun,-uq. -.:'.:g»F_~ U. ~ - - I "- i.~k i I- -Q; _ _k.J|92 1-92.&_r_ -a_e.r'_1-= -_-§. 92. * _.. - 1I92 - 1-L I P -I .|$n492.h"-tilb--'1" ~ 7 NI - "-q_ ,-:, _ _,_--P, -_,--,-V--.'.' --.-,.,.,u__-, , -'-- _ ,_-_'b-,- -,.- . Y _ ,- -, ... ,r ,7 M -é -In the conditions of the proletariat, those of the old society are already - P
1, swamped, The proletarian is without property; his relation to his wife and
3 children has no longer anything in common with the bourgeois family-relation. e
,,, Law, morality, religion, are to him so many bourgeois prejudices,
lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests, Selected harks, I,behind whiel
44! -
and deeper
develops
I would like to draw the following working conclusions: Marx and Engels,-perceiving
the existence of an important hut ill-defined social class and angered by the treacheror
role often played by that class, tended to make an ethical judgment rather than a Marni:
analysis of its role in capitalist society and revolutionary struggle, This Fl M57
he defined as follows: It does not Qngng in productive labor, and is therefore not
exploited in industry, The bourgeoisie, however, does utilize it as politt, army or
a3cnts,! Its principal means of support is the labor oi the productive class, and
its relationship to the proletariat is therefore inherently parasitic, Its memburs
have come from all classes, and they have ceased to be members of those other classes
because of a combination of two conditions, one objective, the other subjective--they
no longer have the same relationship to the means of production and they no longer have
any loyalty to their former class, From this it follows that the lnmpenproletariat
will contain more varied forms of consciousness than any other class in society, for the -
previous experience of the individuals within it will be most varied and their present
precarious means of existence will throw them into many different forms of contact with
all the other classes the prostitute providing the most striking example of this!, So
the role of the lumpenproletariat is inherently unpredictable both strategically and
If this is true, we should be keenly aware of the unreliability of the lumpenproletariat
but we must reject Engels condemnation of them as completely worthless and merely
dangerous, Marx provides a key insight in a passage which forcshadors the nnE1yS1S of
Mao and Fanon and relates directly to the development of the Revolutionary Youth Novcmeh
At a youthful age, he says in lbs glass Qgggegles in Erangg, the lnmpenprolctariat
15 "Ch@I@J3h1y llhle, as Capable of the most heroic deeds and the most exalted
sacrifices as of the basest bnuditry and the foulest corruption," §e1ecrgd Egrhg,
155.! If 50, at least the youth of the lumpenproletariat shou;: be able to play
extremely important role in revolutionary struggle, because they are the only group
combine this potentiality for heroism with an intimate daily knowledge of how to
cope with the police and to engage in underground activities as a way of life, And
' lcmambct that in EPQB ii ZQ,§2 Q2351 lénin akes the mastery of these skills the primary
~ requircm>nt of the professional revolutionary and of the revolutionary party as a whole,
. , _ ~ ., .,.,. ' 1
- 1s5¥?§#iEna$ho
-- _, . . , __ ,
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§ Ienin himself deals with one aspect of the lumpenprolctariat quite relevant at the _
_ present moment, their tendency to engage in spontaneous and disorganized armed struggle
against the state and "expropriation" of state property, Lenin violently condemns
those Bolsheviks who disassociate themselves from this by " 'oud1y and Smugly declaring
1 we are not anarchists, thieves, robbers, we are superior to all this, " "Guerilla A
L- Warfare," ggllgcted Egrkg, X1, 220! Be attacks the usual appraisal" which sees this" il
it struggle as merely "anarchism,Blanquism, the old terrorism, the acts of individuals
isolated from the masses, which demoralise the workers, repel wide strata of the
population, disorganisc the movement and injure the revolution," EQQEQ, XI, 216-17!
Lenin draws the following keen lesson from the disorganized state of this struggle: iti
is hot these Factions which disorganize the movement, but the weakness of a party which
is incapable of taking such actions gage; 1&5 control_" p, 219! The Bolsheviks must .
organize these spontaneous acts and "must train and prepare their organisations to be
really able to act as a belligerent side which does not miss a single opportunity of
inflicting damage on the enemy's forces," p, 223! '
Mao s analysis of the lumpenproletariat and of their possible role in the revolution
is very clear an simple: 1 n _
Apart from all these other classes , there is the fairly large 1umngE~proletariat,
made up of peasants who have lost their land and handicraftsmen who cannot get
work, They lead the most precarious existence of all, ,,_ One of China's difficult
problems is how to handle these people, Brave fighters but apt to be destructive,
they can become a revolutionary force if given proper guidance, analysis gf ghg
Qleesee is §.e.iss§..e waists! _ -
Although in American society the lumpenproletariat consists of far more diverse groups
. than landless peasants and unenployed handicraftsmcn, Mao's final generalization would3
- seem to be as fitting here as there, Unfortunately for us, however, Mao does not -
give any detailed theory on working with this particular almost entirely urban class,
-92 u co -1 - u . I . u 92 .1 _ _; -1 _ u_o_. ___9__. _t: 4.92__ 1 _ . _ _.._l:'1'OD3D1y the mOSt relevant, and certainly the mOSl: extensive, O1.5¬tU5sl.C.-I1 OI tut: .l.umpcn-
proletariat by a Marxist theorist can be found in Frantz Fanon's Egg ggtchg QQ the
Enrth_ Fonon, writing principally about African colonies, sees the lumpenprolctariat
as made up almost exclusively of landless peasants p, 90!, This is the part of his"
analysis least relevant to the U,S,, although, of course, all of the Black and part
of the white lumpenproletariat has been driven from the land into the cities, Fanon ha-
no illusions about the dangerous unreliability of this class_ But he argues that, for
three reasons, the revolution cannot succeed without these people: ! They are the
most ready to fight, ! They therefore provide the way by which the revolutionary '
forces of the countryside enter the city, ! If they are not fighting on the side
of the revolution, they will be fighting against it, Fanon gives many specific example
of the counter-revolutionary role sometimes played by the lumpenproletariat_ In
Hadagascar, the colonialists assisted in "the creation of a party out of the unorganizv
elements of the lnm2£n:p£qleta§i§tP and then used "its distinctly provocative actions",
ns "the legal excuse to maintain order, p, 93! In Angola, Algeria, and the Congo,
the colonialists were able to use elements of the lumpenproletariat as soldiers, agent:
laborers, and counter-revolutionary demonstrators, Fanon concludes from this not that
the lumpcnprcletariat should be ignored, but quite the contrary: the real danger lies
in depending to its spontan_ '
Colonialism will also find in the lumpen;p§gl§§ariat a considerable spare for
manoenvcring, For this reason any movement for freedom ought to give its fullest
attention to this lgmQgn;prglggg5i3g_ The peasant masses will always answer the
call to rebellion, but if the rebel1ions leaders think it will be able Lo develop
:1
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without taking the masses into consideration, the }yEB£QI2I9l£E£;i§£ $111 thY""itself into the battle and will take part in the con£lict~but tnis t1me on th_side of the oppressor_ And the oppressor, who never loses a chance of 5£¬l1n3 theniggcrs against each other, will be extremely skilifu -H "51 8 that 58" Y?"°e a d1nCOmpLQh?nSiOn which are the weaknesses of the lH@EEH;EE21§£§£i§£- If th"s
available reserve of human effort is not immodintély organized by the f0r¢¢5 Of
rebellion, it will Find irrvlf fighring as hired soldiers side by side with th
colonial troop-s, P. 109! _ '92K
what makes all this particularly dangerous is that it may occur after the lumpen _
proletariat has fought On the side of the revolution, and may therefore take the .
rcvjuripnqry forces cmnploroly by snrprise_ Fanon points out that fhc 999 ? Telles
-s ~#~~r~1 nH'yG{" to take ad92ancnge of any such opportunity: _
The enemy is aware of ideological weaknesses, for he analyses the forces Of re"
bellion and studies more and more carefully the aggregate enemy which HRRES "P B
¢°1°"iB1 People; he is also aware of the spiritual instability of certain layers
Qf the n9nu1q1:A mL_ _ _ _ _Q J!."_ ._ _¢_ _ - __ _1 in! Lv -4J¢ nirh rhn J{¢QI l "- W-J-U11, Jill! CIIFEIIY UISCUVQIB [HE EX].SfEI'lCL| b].U-T-' U! ill-Uh '1-I-" 92""' -*5
ciplinod and well-organised advance guard of rebellion, a mass of men whose part1-
cipation is constantly at the mercy of their being for too long accustomed to
PhY5i°1°8i°31 wfvfehednoss, humiliation and irresponsibility. pp. 199'110}
: Te1Y it is not difficult to imagine a similar situation here, and we should be
arncd of the necessity of raising the consciousness of all those who join the struggle
The Black Panthers political education courses, based on intensive study of Mao and
"tr95*¥ 3 3" 3PP1ication to people's immediate experience, here serves as a model. .
'3"! Of their early recruits, although unaccustoocd to reading and used to an irrespon-
£5191 Criminal life, learned how to serve the people with complete dcdi:ation,!
he first is the theory of the lumpenproletariat as the way the c
1tY- The rebellion» which began in the country districts, will
l1I'OUgh Hlt fl'£1CtiO921 Of th }'!Q.}';;;ni_ 1'_92 ~.Pu]_,-1|;-[qn _ __ w'hj_ ;'h has not
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.'lO other parts of Fanon's analysis are oi even more immediate and stratrgic importance
onntryside enters the
filter into the towns
yet succeeded in findir
E humanity, this
that the rebellion
the U,S=? It is
part of this mas
stricrs? The answer,bone to gnaw in the colonial n"ste:_" "It is within this mass oople of the Shanty tcwn, at the core oi the 1no;en:proletariat
11 f1"d its urbsn spselhsad." £9, 103! How E5é5_Eh£E"Z§§I§'?F
5? °"5"Eh t° SQQ the unfrwlrycd people of the Black ghettoes as
Fity. BU? where is the rebellion Lhat began in the country di
¢°"Y5°, is in the world rerolution as described by Lin Piao in Lone Live the Victory0 ,_u -o _ _ ,: _, -"~~---- - '-'-"A-1-"'-" r§E9ElQi§ Eden. ¢"@ ¢0untry oistricts of the world are Asia, Africa, and Latin America,s of
melands of the uretchedkof the earth, There are various groups of people in the
ited States who share the physical misery of these rural masses--Awerican Indians,
i¢ ° f"Ym 1ab°TBr$, Black tenant farmers in the South, the dispossessed whites of
ppalachia_ Bot most of these groups are scattered and weak, living on the fringes
f C ' .li"t P "w ' -
R_ P}¥ -~ _-0PiPc,, away from its vital centres, There 15 only one group that not
ly snares the d:;rn¬ation oi the world's revolutionary masses but is sufficientlv
92nccntr4?ed to be rooarf 1--th. b 1 _:-_ -u c ur an umponprolctnriat_ This class in American society
I-51'}fQ1!' madc U11 0; T31;-.Id I-.'o1'ld people, but also inclutlcs whites dispossessed from
Q 13" -°r dr°P?°d ° t °f their C1855. This last is no inconside"*b1e group, and it
=s tahcn over areas of several important cities, {tom the H31ghL55 bqfy Hug Telgagpph
?r"e throug" M35150" E0 the Lower East Side, Camhridgl, and Georgetown, Wherever the
'l'
>
92
4-rpcnproletnriat lives in America, "law and order" are rapidly d151nL¢grag1ng_ 1mp¢;-- V '115*» Pngot in 1tS own contradictions, finds it increasingly difficult to develop
f°¢ti " "@?P" $ to use Within its own diseased vital orans, its cities. Here stirs
he Lumpenproletariat, the one class whose physical existence approximates that of the
In ¢n+nnc.nF rkn "nv1J --h~1~~J-_ .5 TI I
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Iaoou points to the symptoms ul breakdown in the colonised eouh.ry, and we see the some
nebauchery and alcoholism," we can add the effects of methedrine and heroin .
The constitution of a lggpen-proletariat is a phenomenon which obeys its own
and neither the brirwing activity of the missionaries nor the decrees of the
check its growth. This luoggn-proletariat is like a horde of government can
you may kick tl
gnawing at the
--- "' '-
endanger the "security" of the town, and isuem and throw stones at them,
roots of the tree,
1 r
Theother extremely important part of Lance's sgo !ymptoms, perhaps more pI0tUH2t, in the coloniscrg to "juvenile delinquency," "stealin
logic,
central
but despite your efforts they'll go on _
en prorerariqg, on_c it is constituted, brings all its forces to_ H
the sign of the irrevocable decay, the'
gangrene ever present at the heart of colonial domination, p, 104! e
nalysis has to do with the chan"ing value;and life style of the lumpenproletariat in revolutionary struggle, The conditiOn8 Of
life have shaped them to fight, but the fighting itself is a new condition which trons-
forms them into a new kind oi people;
So the pimps, the hooligans, the uncwployed
behind, thrauthimselves into the struggle
These classless idlers will be militant and
lends to nationhood, They won't become ref
fitting in with the morality of its rulers;
the irpossihility of entering the city save
worklrss less-than~oen are rehabilitated in
prostitutes too, and the maids ..., all the
in circles betoeou suicide and madness nillhe
, _ .
forward, and march proudly in the great procession of the
there are two extremely important points to bear in mind here,
.orrcct1y to the lumpenproleteriat, The first is that we mustand the petty criminals, urged on from -
for liberation like stout working men.
decisive action discover the path that
orrcd characters to please colonial socie!
quite the contrary, they take for grante-
by hand-grenades and revolvers, These
their own eyes end in the eyes of historf
hopeless dregs of humanity, all who turr
1 recover their balance, once more go
awakened nation, 04!
if we are to relate
not tail after their
.:isting values and life styles, but must lead them_to an assertion oi their own,, . . ,.ibcrati0n throogo revolutionary struggle, The second is that they must be led by
00591098 Yevluivodriss with e sense of the historical condition of these people and
w scarce so ct their weahuesses and instability, It would be a mistake, probably a fats
gistake, to think that the only people qualified to lead them are individuals distin-
;uisheJ by being similarly unpredictable and locking in ideological consciousness,
Students and street People .
itvdonts new constitute a significant protion of the entire population, The number of
'011ege students alone new approximately equals
r 92 -,the countrys total armed forces plus
*5 three largest unions ieemsters, LAW, and United Steelworkers!, and the number in
-3? h°01 is 53! larger. From the students has come the bulk of both the most militant
- - 3-*5*?1 P°11t1¢51 fYCP$.nd street people, two overlapping groups, Clearly, the
_'.§1I- ' _._ _='5' 5 __'" ,;[;s_l l|_g;,r;g'1||:!"r_92lnl-.' '!{:l*,92'l9":l"92¢- n ng-..,-|.;92_.~a-|-- ..¢-4; -e.-.0 .-.,.t.~-.-I.1,,.n»1-Q.-.' ' ' ' - "'| ' "~-*- i 92l-"J92]n, UL I -92.l92JL IILU ILL. I-LIL 92~J,'.,|l92,J,92l92.-IlL»Lv5 '
-17 F?T{"a'v» If35¢"13Y1Y thoc living away £YnN home, ere partially and temporarily
'eoEeei,; c =e|f"¢ :2 2 limbo between their wealthy or workingelass post and whatever
's_c? gnhe {hog sic Itfng channeled into
-e;rr1- of peh»~¢:£vo labor end childbearing, indted m01e energetic and sexually motive, .Although physically and psychologically
,
eve wdsi vivlii? *?¢veh @7*¢ ° ° t the most intellectually alert nod best informed' J
I'llJI1 nr-|;nn1 _ !lu1v tl:'92 1-bf 92@!|'!ri|-1--2: .-u|ni-h§nr- no-url av 0-Ls.-.¢,I' ---- .....¢- ..._.-1, -... 9292_'_ ....-.a-4-..,-°= Fhc? "T? bflvd by cli classes on imoature parasites, They are generally not
ormittod either to sell their lshor or to one property, Although thew may work quite
no 1 'rats; i
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how socially useiul their knowledge and skills nay later prove to be, they are eeill
"dependents," a pleasant word for parasites,
Rather than earn a living, students chisel or hustle for one, Even the son of a member
of the ruling class knows that he has gotten his sports car by finagling it out of his
*old man, not through productive labor like his father's workers! or legalized, respee- _
table plunder like his father!; he relates to his father like a call girl or swindlerf
Students are denied even bourgeois democratic rights_- As neither workers nor owners,
living under coercive rules without even the illusion of having chosen the authority
over them, students share some of the experience of the more clearly classless elements ~
of society, the true lumpenproletariat, This experience has at least SOME effet On
their consciousness, They know what it is to be considered a parasite and to live like or
one, Iheir class loyalties weaken_ The sanctity of both work and private property
his questioned, Of course they are still largely products of their natal class, But
because their class position is now ambiguous, many of them slip out of the C1885 roles
fO1 which they Suppoerlly were
outright class traitors_ Some
careers, and a fcw even become
daughters oi the
overthrow theirbeing trained, and some find it quite easy to become =
sons and daughters of workers compete for managerial
lower level bosses over their par8nt5. 50mB BOH5 and ,
wealthiest capitalists become conscious revolutionaries, seeking to
parents rule, and a few even succeed in merging with the workers_ n_
But the most striking phenomenon is that of the drop-out, who slides directly from an
existence with some superficial resemblances to the lumpenproletariat into becoming a
bona fide member of that_class, And during the present period, the beginning of the
final collapse of imperialism, that is becoming a mass phenomenon, _ w
The alienated street people, predominately exstudents whose neighborhood usually adjoin:
a Black or Brown ghetto, form an ambiguous connection to the dispossessed luwpcnprole-'
tariat and lower strata of the proletariat, The potential exists for two kinds of.
conflict, and both have already taken place: in one, whites and Third world people
fight against each other; in the other, both fight together against the police, This
represents in dramatically clear form the classical ambiguity of and within the
1umpenpro1etariat_
The Lumpenproletariat and the Horking Class
although the Iumpenproletariat must play a rule in revolutionary struggle, as a class .
it is incapable of being the main force, Its capacity for fighting and destruction
may be great, but of all classes within society it
maintaining state power, -
One error currently being made within the
only on what has already taken place here
revolutionary condition, the least stable
motion first, This
l:'IT:pi1'lL.lF3l Iul S lZf1l; ..G
that the revolution
carry it through to completion,movement
and now_
E lementsis the least capable of seizing and
41- ----.-I»-4»-2-m I.1l'92;!92"92 la.-acne -It-0 Qntllluv 'LD Clalt.l.LLJ.92-Llll, lllI.L92.»ll -In-|n92.-0 gun nlauq.
In any pre-revolutionary or early
within society are those to go into
almost always includes students and elements of the lumpenproletario
this iirst force for the lfgihg force or vanguard,, and concludes
will be made by precisely those elements in fact least able to
In developed capitalist society, there is of course only one class other than the
92r92n~rn_|r.r92':Q"b l'92nr92-:2;-92n hr I-_/921r1TI'92_-3 -i'n92I>a u92.r'~1_|Ar- §9292gl~ 492:'!!l92 -In O-lug I."-92--L-in.-, 01900 .1-.-.11-ca.-.'L'U92JLb92'92 .-92JA.92- 92~r|t':l|J&92a llJ- Ill-'1-92lLL I; 9 I-ll-Z HIUWC-L . Ell-QB 92-r ll1QJ§ L Lllw 92J'l- LIFE: E-I-I--QQ . 92I,I.} 92JI. C
who questions this is not a revolutionary, for revolution at this point in history means
the overthrow oi the bourgeoisie by the proletariat, One can, however, he a fighting
anti-imperialist, totally conmitted to the destruction of the bourgeois state, without
being a revolutionary. But whether the means of destruction are fire or plague,
I
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anarchism ultimately means attacking the nothing class as well as the etate,! But in
this obvious historical fact lies the danger of dogmatism, which ignores living reality
for historical certainty, The dogmatists, best characterized by the Progressive Labor
Party and other varieties of Trotskyites, see the struggles of any group other than the
proletariat as inconsequential if not downright counterrevolutionary, PL carries this
so far that they assert that students and street people are not part of the people at
ell, Because they assume that "when Mao or Lenin talked of the people they were referritonlgl to workers and peasants," they arrive ct the preposterous conclusion that "the'
fight for People's Park was a reactionary struggle," Ihe §attle g§ gerkeleg, PL pamphls
PP. 7-9! Unlike PL, NarxisrsLnninists understand that theory must be based on objccti
reality, They conclude, therefore, that the hey revolutionary task at the present meme:
is spreading the intensely political struggle of the alienated and the dispossessed to
the working class as a whole, Which, mired in economism, can win its own battle only
in revolution,
There is nothing automatic or certain about the relation between the present insurgenci:
and the working class, On the contrary, there is an extreme danger that the contradict_
between the lumpenproletariat and the working class may become antagoni5F1¢ P3Yti¢u1"Y
if the workers were to listen to PL!, workers may perceive anarchic rebellion as a
threat to the marginal security they have been able to win from the ruling class, Stud.
and street people occupy a housing development from which working-class pe@P1¢ ha ? ht?
evicted, and then demand that this be a free People's Pad, while workers in the surroun.
neighborhood cannot afford the rent they are being forced to pay, That part of the
lumpcnproletariat that consists of students who have dropped out of petit bourgeois,
professional, and bourgeois families has been filled with the most virulent anti7worLin;
class ideas, And the lumpenproletariat is, after all, a parasitic class that lives off
the labor of the working class. This all means that the task of first linking and than
uniting the struggles of the lumpenproletariat and the working class is not only esseni;
but extremely difficult,
Among Third World people, there is a less clear demarcation between lumpenproletariot
and working class than there is between street people and the white working class,
Black and Brown workers arc the last hired and the first fired, so that a large per-
centage knows what it is to be among the unemployed, Many Black and Brown women are
on welfare or employed in part-time "domestic" i,e_ servile! positions, The Black
Panther ?erty has shoun tho way to unite lumpcnproletariat with working class--by
constantly developing practical programs to Serve the People in areas where the oppress}
oi the lumpenproleteriat is an extreme form of the oppression suffered by Black norkin: - _ v .people. Eeginning with a base almost entirely within the lumpenproletariat and ¬3mml§i
to defending the people against police brutality, the Panthers now have wide support
among Black workers, and thanks to the Breakfast [or Children progrm, throughout the
Black community, What has been central to this success has been the Panthers refusal
to take the opportunistic course of organizing around lumpenproletariat demands per so,
but rather organizing through the lumpenprolctaiiat as the most victimized members of
the Black people and therefore as ones capable of raising demands for the pO0plP os &
. -4 __ I n 1 -.3 '__ wnolo_ Although now and again contradictions have intensixied heteeen .uwpcn,ro v- r1=*
and working class within the Third World communities, it new seems certain that rerolu"
tiooary leadership, national oppression, and the intensiiying crisis of inperialiss1vi1'
combine to forge revolutionary unity, '
In the mother country, the problems are for sore difficult, Certainly the lesson of
the ?anthers, Serve the People, is just as crucial here, to soy the least, The
prineipal organizing concept here must be the Revolutionary Youth Movement, which is
made necessary and possible by cross-class youth culture, the draft and imperialist war-
hinh unermleyrent among youth, and the pigs, ¢_ J 1U -
. - V . _ - -- - -7 '7_W_T__:1W _ 7, Y , ' __. ' __ _ ,, - . , "-T, '-7" " "-'""'-f' *" -'" '"P'-WW*,?rr-raj"-"*".u|IP 'r I-1 ' .- #9"-. ,,-.--_-rb,,_,___, :~,___;_;l- We ,. -- - __ - _-ll . -_ -- - ._ i , y-,~;,*_.m92_ ,'__._,,,__' 7- I .7 - - 1- - i _4 . ' . . - 1- ~-.n",au'~f'a.,iw- -snf-.1; ~-=. ~_..w.¢~*-*£:~'-r -_-;- tw-'*!92*.3;u¬o¢*#-;»$~m;.wre¢ $
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Uithin the Revolutionary Youth Movement, the bulk of the work within the next year
or two will continue to be building the movement on the campuses and on the streets .
and linking the two together. But the Icy job for revolutionaries will be to t5%*n
spreaé that movement to young white working people. t -
Here one vital area of work must be draft resistance and resistance within the axoyi
because here the movement among alienated white youth connects directly to the needs
_of young workers. Another priority is the work among street gangs, who are ' _
themselves basically lumpenproletariat although their class backgrounds very, and '
motorcycle clubs who are mostly made up of young workers whose life style and off ,
~ work associations relate closely to the lumyenyroletariat. A third area of crucial
- importance is the high schools, where the channeling system has not as yet totally _
f01r;e'92_ clrm.-; r'.c'-&-92t'O1'.'ir92l'92 :1r92r| 92:'l92r:1'c: 01.111-or;s:.i on outs 1=:'r|,:u1»'l_y -'mro.'".:; :31.-92r::". lines, _
.-rvesg.
92
r
>
-§ -1;
it
5
?
-.;:.::_.=.=-
, ., .
.1,-wt-,:_:.-i
t
5II
t RHYOZ-U'1'I EL1-1'1
CALLI-JD B?-1' T;-J330 7 '6
HES OLYJTF O1?
Rr;~:0Lu-51.01;-¥Yo?-z92"=:_> 1::-:_ 'l3~iE' AI-H0-:1-ASI.AlI YOUTH liiO'92.E1-§.._1%'.E .a;-I=;cI-
-EPEL-'1lALI$'3 ,1 1;-1 ou:=_:;soo 5'02 1>;r3-'.<r;:;;'r.;x'r1c:: -20 TEE ZEKTIQEIJXL
com. -oer. ran A UEEITED room? AGAI1-EST r;.sc=1s11" .
BLAC4 Pm-22-;.~_r. PARTY _ ' _ .
The Afro~Asion Youth Movement AntiImporialist!* is compose_ QT PT@P0?BiTo Africans, Asians and their supporters resident ig
Quoboo. Jo resolutely support and do proua.anda for:
1o , _ = |_92 .
,2.
3.
11!?-
or
acCr
I
£1 1'-
61"]The
in
.111 -2"-jurt oat_»1w1 liberation 5tru;;1@; Bf our heroic people
J1!}:z_!3! _ _1'{_1"'g92'§ 1",! on-*1 1,! {'4 11 H111:-'y! 7 r92_n_ .a.. -92»92 ;- r..-;.92_ {.,.._u,|,,_A .,,-,|92,,_,.:~.92.G .
Jiinal Loboration Struggle of tho Palestinian peovlo §.
Joo ny Hatch, Popular omocratio Front for Liberation of-,..|_:.., _~ ,-_ - - i. . -P91*"°~#@= RH inc Palestine laberatmnn Front, _I?! ' -__~ , - - . ,' .inc NQLLCDQ1 IOer&t10D Struggle of the people 01 Quoroo.
_<.-&,.~ - i
In troso tasks ac
sacs of tto orid:
o in the forcfrcntfocus on the common onomy of the f53iRS
U-5. imporia1ism.'Sinoo the Afro~Awcr;cat5
of the developing militant struggleF"H"'1' T-in ~.*.=1-in 4 '-92- IT Q 92 -.- 1r-.._' ~. 11 n I;-r~"1r~ ,__ r-. . - _fT92_'-- _ *.* v92 -. Q . ___ I"I9292'L-1 n _ .11 _ .' i'."'15!_,-..... .-_._-_.-,,._,k-.*.___-_u.-, 4,1; u;-92, HQJJQJ1-¢, Q.-3 J-l ¢.U92J~l_'1CL-L-I-.| u92.n- ~---
tempt 0? this conference tg unite tho pooplo against-our common
era;-". . -
Die 116,-t»_:;3o OI f:;?:3,';., 111"rir_'.2_ and I.:3_"i;i_3', !u*1e11ioa gull Oi-1103.
countries rave boar tow congtant Larrot for the PlH1u@P,
subjug§t1;r and exploitation at the ands of the colonial
powors havo inflictoi untold suffering on our pooplc. -
Afro»i;cr1crr pggplg pave
Ftrvggk . one of the reasons for
5"P¢rinlisw is th. rovolutionary
E11.-O1I'.[§S.l §}i1 ; C !;;jp_3; .;;._'13@ ,1!_._,3S oi
suooco until
' the historicaliL.'_92.'! '>.*11 -: |"!.;|r92 Hvnn.-I '!-'92v_ -I-1-..92 7 ' '7 ' ' .'92"' ---Q "A.192. J-92-Cl-'L92.'| I4and
R""0@i@H1H1 pouoro,Rq;ot5onarv violence ra uocd to cxaingulhow; PJ0=r of r 'L »:~-c "ivoit a;o1;st foresqn rotbcrs and their SH§F@P3¢?$-
colonial_ 1, _ 1: h! ._= -: .-t 4-11,. A1-I ..».»--_ 1-I-92.<-;_.i92.- I-vJ.'_; L-'.'.lJ.Ll.., -1.11 L'l.J.92.1 92- I._4.92l» , 92-92-
,3 1|.-|African, Latin American ago too
great advances in the xilitgv
tho mighty blows agaisnt u:o.
intornotionalism. ? $PP@3515 _
the uor3d.¬h2 revolution cannot
the people realize that tho~ fight rs n part of_
and global struggle agaisnt imperialist vd ?i@?$tIn tho last decade the Asian,
scored
. opprossio;. ' .
I C in viotnom tho heroic Poonlo s rosoL'to Qoio?M5H?i n iv
- taginq pccp1os war has soun the may to drfot Viv W053
5° 53¢Li0d11J ndxnuocd country in tho World- .- ""' 92 _ . _._ _ - __ . 1. _;_§§£_¬§,- -- 1 4:11 .¢_ i..',1; v, 1-Mu: 2:1 -1111151.. r7___I'._1CS._!O]_'{_1 1!}. 1:11 1-he sh:-1? "F T-11v - 92..- -_ . . - I -_ 1 1 .'_ ' . -5- --"" '41 '92:i77:'3£.i1"j'I,].i._il_- 1'3-_,--;!_<*{! ;]_;-_92I _1~§|_- Q11 ~U]1G };92__._._f.LjY -113115 out '1 1~__.C"7._-
Z10; 'o].:u'1r'-. :;'n.d'1:mc 3711ri1T|c~r ~j'"v1:9211rv >92_1 i;h -j_~,- 41-;;-;;_-c.-1:-iris; £0 ct.n>=_=
-'92-__-ll-_;_-, 92r:_ 1.1 111:1? as an:-ii. l92.u'92'c= 92"-CCU-|§.O-_', 'i¢hr~.i v tc*1'1'.i i-92l'-1 FF - '1"<.- _
* F i? f P?5»P infoznntion writ: to:H .
M JI I
'- .5-.'I.'L'A12,:".?' 11.", Mn?-1"-.;-:2. ''f , J. Z-».-ii ."E"l ' 1 , . ' 110?? T'1192]_ ". 1011 j-'3,
rr'
sfi _
i
:__','i _ ___ r WW __ _ i W; : --'T . ---»--- _ __ _,1--»-q_- '~ Y - -- -- ~ "' ' " mi' . Y .._ -.__..> ~' w- . | - .. H - I .....-4 ._.. .- . _ . -.~- . . _ V .1 _92 2» r ,- '- - - < --~ro~u~»~w@¢@:~uf f ?"r-~"?¬*"@ !#§} ~ *, . _ .f 92¢;»w§" ~H:¢4;t
Lu, lo L; .;!{0F1 no LL; resistii; the aggresn
,¬ 0
.'?.-
Ata .._,»,
s
s
1,," .
' the
lut
The
ion
power.
Per
in
ide
an
a s
an <1
ani- In ;uebe
bee as
Canadian colonialists le by the traitor Trudeau. The "a 1100';-J16 - ¬.e£'eat the xionist ,___- ea. .,... =...A ,.. ..._..¢-.=,-..~.92.>'-...~»-.-¢-»-&',.W > =~.m..w-._....
e, U.5. imperialism faces the
exyleited people of _uebec. The liebcc people and Qne =
a nation are under the domination O the -P£1o~ ~-W .--;..->..1.s~._-...__.;~n.--_.~- .1.-.;..A .-=n.....,a...__,__ ,____, ,_ _ ,,,
iua one waging ,_
'-OI'S- 92' . ,
just wrath of the
Zuebecois suffers uner discriuation and repression in
tne int
and e.EP ire-Univ. schools; students.£he same Uanadicrests of U.s.inperialisu The sectors of the
population most affected are workers, small cultivators , .3
Elli. ,
bour"coisie headee by rudeau GIp101tS the Canauien nor- =5
kink class, national minorities and others in the into» .,
rest of U.J.1mperialism. The juebecois are waging a
iilitant struggle for notional liberation. ..k _ 3 -_
-s the revel
ruling elas
ionarj actie
spectre of
ary forces t
It is pr
in the f
the process
elegy and pr
repression.
eientifie'an
to develop
incipient ff .
Li,
[the mos
erialict
Specifically,
ihc acce
din or-y su
by enothe
class dom
cracyq open
. The
be conceive
as theu;;h
dqcideu
Gibtatorship. in real
to power
struggle
definiteutionary struggles of the peoples intensify,
s desperately attempts to lauh counterrevo- .
ns against the movement of the toiling massoS¢
peoples liberation drives the counter-revolut-.
o employ fascist methods of exercising stats
ecisely in-this context that the Black Panther
orefront of the Afro~AHeriean struggle
of adopting a revolutionary working C155and
5 ,
ogrem faces the fascistic tactics of e;pressien
It is, therefore, absolutely necessary to here-
--,:.. -;'~ -2-ii-._.-. .-, .--...,,.§ ,;.-.4 .1..,.-.;,"| .-..._@-.,_,,-.+ CfZ '1?_92,:>.|.-"_~ 0+ L»--r:: 1L1..l.-1'4 n. r....I.J.R_ uc.921_,_z.u1,..-u...u.c -s
the strate~* and tactics to defeat iwre Du - "-
ascism.
IQV
£i?EE§_9E.F£§§ip:
it
1-uD
O11
in course
of a st1*ur-ole even
a s
.-921l3. C¬3i"L¬1.1.i1
.. A1against u-Qis the open terrorist dictatorship
reactionary, nest chsuvanistic, nos» 3p-
elononts of finance-capital." -I":-1-_-.-92-K em,lCAn92}92u'.-Ll--J
rialisn
_ ' _ ' O 3
of mutual and atssion to poser of fascism is not an 1
ccession of one bourgeois government
r, but a substitution of one state font
inetion of the bouréeeisie -_beurgeois demo-
terrorist.Qictatorship." { _ '
accession to power of fascism must net"
Q of in so simplified and smooth a form, h
one committee or other of fiuancef capital "
' date to set up a fascist
itys I&SClSM usually comesL. -of
L-l1lO-'3 S 9.-' 0173 3
5»
+
F?
.
i
14/._ .
#5. -
An importan¢ TiPQ1%t°TEtagc;.._92.-_....~n..¢ . -9292 ,r to . .. _ . . .-.-.92.».u...,.
is no ir _pzitiGn to 3:6 ! s. t the victory of fascist .t on the contrarj
facilitates that victory. -
t tasn in an
present condition in the U.
of the working
bv the state t y 41 -
"Uhat
the
bees
_..-.35»
Therefore, in contemporary U.$.
an ieologioal struggle against
uemocracy, liberalism ang neulcft
fundamentally serve the interestsincluding theclass ioeolo
working class
is the sourc
nusscs? Fasci
neec an demands
Pre
but
mass
oven
tie
bour-es, on their
on their rev
German fSC1S--... --
l'92 n
Q
o attract various
use it dema~o"ical _ O Q -
udiees that are do
also plays on the
' ts, tho
gcoisio one mortal
represent themselves to
and depict their accessi
Because they try trieé!ient fascist state, the -
demans militant propagation
cy in order to combat the attempts
stra of the population
and the petty bourgeoisie. I ' .incip
13 gJ92 .
'1;
the influence of fascism over
able to attract the messes
ly appeals to their most urgent
cism, not only inflames
eply ingrained in the masses,
better sentiments of the
of justice, chi semetim
cnsry traditions.Uhy do
so lackcys of the big
enemies of socialism,
the masses as 'Socialists',
on to power as a'revo1ution
to exnloit tho faith ine of
Sm is
. Fas
sense
oliiti
I?
revolution and urge toward socialism that lives in
the hearts of the masses
Gennany."of working people in ._
3., it is necessary to wage
defeatist theories of social
eppertunisn, all of which
of the ruling class cm-. its
drive touaris full~flodged fascism,
Fascism openly uses the reactionary bi0l0;i
the instinctual basis for human behaviour andcel theories of
social '
relationship which iirectly lcads to the practice of racism
§_ _ a "1?§Jn. f92_n [3-! tir Q-_--r,/92-|92~.92¢-4 ltqg-4;-u 'l~:-511-/gr.'r| lP'92I92";,'Itf|"l¬!92_J "4 v --A v.-J. 92.r_1...92__ |_ 1 __ J LJVL 92JLJ.l.'s! I I-9292¢~u|J 92-'92.¢.'|- L k'J 1- ';___, 92*'*'-', .
lynchings and mass extermination become the principal methods
Of exercising state power. In short therefore:
92
I
The pro
contompora
fascist st
11455.11 zr_;:=, _f
tiCe of pe
necessary
The pri
mu. Qiuehec
ClJ__oouIi
.>Fascism is the m
the mass of the
unbridled chauvanism and annexationist we
is rabid reaction and counter-revolution;
is the most viciost ferocious attack bycapital on
working people; Fascism '15 the
r; Fascism
Fascism
ens enemy of the working class
an working people!" '
"ent development
rv U.S;A and Cue
D.
{'1
fl
i-.
bl-v ' -
to, despite the
scists tactics i
ple>s xrraji, Uio
or the fuctionin
eipal reasons wh
are not fascistin the nature of the state in
bee, cannot be characterised as a
fact that the state increasinQ1Y
n its efforts to quell the risins
so tactics are normal n
g; vi the Ivrmvr-1*-i:3 st.-.1i'-G3.
ieh clenrlv show why the U.S.B-states, are: . l ' '
3' iii!
canitalists
be rising
exorcise of
remain dominant. InJhOUgh the power of the L; ih xestcrn monopoly .
accompanied by their military allies has
since the second J ' t
state power the into
of tho Eastern ani Central nonopld Jar yes in the
rests ani ide@log§
oly capitalists
this sense the most reactionary
and chauvinist -sections of the ruling class do
not exercise complete control over the state
machinery, which is necessary condition for the
. 3 . Hexistence of a fasc
_ iv! While fascist organ;St: at-ateo
zations and fascist tactics
have existeé in the past and have increased in the
last decade, yet the principal methou O1 R 1850150
state, such as mass
are nd; used in contemporary U.S,-
The foregoing analysis clearly necessitate
diatetask is of foroinr unitv_ _ _ | _ _ :2 u.-' u 1 Qthe rising tioe Oi iascism to cevelop the bas
Front and subsequently a popular front which
oefend the interest of the people and thoroughly Qefeat iascrsmextermination,
. and uebeo-terror and mass
s that the imne~
ng class against
is of the unites
would effectivelyanon the worhi
are the fundamental conditions The following four factors
for the development of the Uni ted Front:
-92 -,. --92-92->-92-u- "- A r"{s1'92r*;!fi92'4 '5 IFl- f92"'192r9292,92 -:-1. TY: "4-.-.-... ._,-- -0.. -_~ .... -6. 1 t -.»-92. .1 . .- - - Liv uuc:.L' b_'.£Lf v_1,uL,u_g'_y u_|_ _L 11:; _ZJ_{>'j|_|. Lldil. I_.",1 yin v cl: wv92=- we -yv H -
J_ n ¢ -1 L ,-§g§§tm§nQ foremost on the nili tant activity oi the UOPVlPQ-4 J ,|Class itself;...§§ establishing its fighting unity, 6hG QlO~C"
tarlat would paralyse' the influence of fascism over... the¢ _, ,1 . - -1 .1. i -1Petty bourgeoisie Ol the towns , 92c1ties!, the youth and tic
intelligentsia, and would be able to neutralize one section
of them and win over another section...
§§ggQ§, it depends on the exis
party,corrcctly loading
aainst fascism.
Eh1§Q,it depnds on a correct p
tthc rural population!, anl th
towns. These masses mus
EhOU.1r]_
strug;le that they will
it is only by political
will be able to rise to
ciousness and activity.E_qg;rt11,
revoluti
to take
fascism,
gather i
its posi
rears itsonarv nroletariat. The
out must inilict deci
head, it must not al
--- But even this ta not all. The proletariat of ta; in,' " - - w - - A~ I oi-rlaiist countries has possible
0? its own countries but also in the Qppressed_pat9HS- - ' cu. -s a ~': 'aQMseqi»colonios. Inasmuch as tut Ptolclfmli
th 11ot£_rmr=C|1§,' anal f11I.<':J,':1.'|f'.'ia>192!'|_l]f92'; i11asrn1r:i1_as£>.<>.1.,-_<:.n.i Q P-
split ho
of its p a1"t:3 s~*'o1>o1*l;s tile 'i".~o'1t"Tbourgtcoi '
"}_P'lit deoends on the vigilance and timely
- - " ' , 1 Iit unawercs, it must not: urrenaer the U~ . .-, . . ~ b
ts forces, it must not allow fasctzu to consolntai
tion, it must repel fascism wherever and whonOVCP._ . '._ 11:. 1' mp--'1
gig, jn 192R1*'i.i ~'n1r=1- j 11$: ;=_-,-41:01.: 01' O_P]J1 c*.=.£-.'=.i'll1tence of a strong T¬YO1utlO32P§
the stru;gle of the working PC0919
Olicy of the working classtofard . 4 ? q9 1_!Ct'}','_§r bQL'l_1 'g¬OlS 11185395 Cl L',.-.C~ _u Q 1 ,t be taken as they are, a no" af *6
like to have them. It ii only in the process of tné
overcom: their doubts and waverlesi
help of the prolctarit 3 ?h3t thG3_3 hi E;-11;p ]_e.'92r@1 Qjf 1"OVOlL1C.3. "11-"1l}7 C 9115 "
action of the
latter must not allow fascisn
initiative to
efore it M111
"" C:
it
tionsgive blows on it
low fascism to Bali wt L ~~
- -I 192¢..
allies not only in TJC /??u" of tn;
t is
0126
_ I ~ ._-_|,- Q3" HO,-I ~| " ."|92.s'-;.'1 '1'-F D11 1. .4. L-ll tilt -
'? R__..; L-¢92
H .
5
H
E,..,__
colonies an§ scni~oolonies, a barrier in put betgin the
working class and the oppressed peoples of the colonies and
semi-colonies, an the world anti-imperialist front is weak»
cncd. Every step on the road to unity of action in the diroc»
tion of sup;-.-orting the sizruggle for the liberation oi the
colonial peoples by tho proletariat of the imperialist counw
tries moans transf orming the colonies and the semicolonies
into one of the most important reserves of the world proleta-
riat. . ." -
Cur analysis leads us to the conclusion that the call gi
b* izhis con:-7'c1=encc to build unity amongst the people agaiz-.1.;s.- ..~.
"."012
t3 _
fascism incorrect-ly icientifie s the existing state in the II.-"3..'1.-
L with .£'uTl.l~iIlc
for uni ty mi
' the s"tr'e-.te-53;"
oi c. 1'920pUl&.I'
fulliilling
the 1-Ior'1¢.i11g
systematic :1
ple to thorou >
C»
. LL'"1~FG I.I'92fT'I IiIf=_'i 1-I.".T1 IE?',I1 l-II?»-_¬§i1*.iIO1Y
OF .'92-SL1, Al7;i1C1'-L .551! LA'lI1. .-3.l§J§L{ICAI
2. LOIFG L-Ive um"; 3TA1 IO1¬AL 1.11;;1a:m'r1o14
01* r:=1_._|;s=r;r.n:=3 2
'I.c;1e Lin-'.". THE-J ;1'.-.'rIo1mL I,1§.;=:.=m'1?101-I
01? "_U.3'uI;U a3--
I-C-H-G LIVE DH 1'3 S'.1TRUGGTj-.1 OF 'I'i-I1} AF 13..
]l'H.7l E-{I'i£O1C P»]]!1CI§ IA.71'i}1]'l';_-I 1:'A.Z'iY I
5. SIJLSI-I U.
I -~92-D 0... _ --1:-! g._.4 .~-.:|,l;'lan_92.l'-T! U4.
-._r;v_1_.'.=92__¢ i--1-. .-nqv---. ,v'.1.c1u.=92i' .':u '.i.'m;;
Aii_=?.E-11011. E
r
-5-
'. l _ h _,-_ 0-92 r ' '.X ;ged :£ascis:n. F1lP1J116I"1:lO1"G, the particular call. -
leads the struggglo agaisnt fascism by coni"11sin;;
and tactics of building; a united front wit}: that
.1I1"ont. H ouever, ii this O0l1fGPCi1¢@ succeeds in
the i-.1;=1ec-.5_Hate task oi i0r*gi11g a United FlO1'.!t Of
lass tlarough unity in action, it will e11;!_ure the
no-.'_92, consistent c-.o».'o1op:1ent of unity 9."-.-:c;1_r_"; i'-1'1r.;.l_'¬?C"*-
vghly clcfcat fascism and i1npe1.*ia1is=m in the U.e$.A.
STRUGGLE Ol_- TILE IJJOPL33-S
-
I0
STEIUG [3-L13 O1?
on " ' '7'STnt-G U1
S. ILiPEBI192LISi-i AND F192.SCISi-1 I
T.-'1 E
110-M IEETI C111! Tl§IU.'E LEPEOPLYJ
AED
4
-,,,,.
$4}.
-2;
E:
<_ __ r
Q, ;.N._~ ~ 92,.. -¢ .Q .
+%;
._- ..-.>1
_ r
l.
I
92
92-
4
.17
.'__E
r
4-
,so
4&1. '
..<'='E;'
"1-;~."Ir:. -
>
4.it ..P-*5.l
'£"i1__._l-T 1' '_1. _-.-F.§?1?1'=.T.§'-.'I.
Fascism is the sys
the ruling capitalist
property of other sec
off, in the name of "
- producing workers, o1
mcmlors of the armed
political and police
Fsscim is the ki
svppress iho people,
violates.
- Fascism is not an
to be corrected by t1-1,1» 1~1;os;z-.-01.11%. P180131-!_ '1, _ __________ ___ __ ____ .__M___ __ _ H ,.,~.. ......--.- ......-.~. ..~<-.....,3-~.......-......... .....-:*.-._........ .. - ......_ .-...... _i-..-_.....-......-..J
irotlc use of force and violcncc by the moot yoworiol section of
cloos to eliminate opposition to its rule, to rob or destroy the
iicos of the capitalist class and the middle class, and to kill-
fficicnoy" oni "order," all others who are not either profit-
1ild- and
forces,soldicrhprrduoing females, oonquost-producing
or diotatorship»producing members of the capitalists?
forces.
nd of govarrncut coyitslism, in its old age, must have to
rhoso intcrssts C?p5tPliom increasingly and unavoidably _
obcxrotion or o temporary political condiiion of capitalism,
he iuotoration of dsmocracy" within oapitlism. It is a bsio
political conditicn. The basic trend toward fascism has not been zovsrscd since
Mussolini rsrchod on Rome. Only the forms oi this trend have varied. Rule by
police and private armies has boon suppdcmenicd by military mobilization, conquest
and occupation, or ty military corps and dictatorships. World Nor II did not
:=vo .32 n92s1 ions Vuh n lntc1ooc1on"], imperaali t £asciam.*92<92e y 5, j,dcoiozsc or dcfcit facir; it decided which notional capitalist classes should
1.-. -~.-'.* .~,-'+._- - -' ... '- " .
:81. . .
1"Wm r-=r'~r 1;-'-=:r-;--or or F'~"*""'' T rs?-101 mom ' .. - 1. '. . . -"Ix-'...1 1'1 ._92I .- J7 ..--.._.-....... -.-.......-,..._.._.,-.....-......-.. .....».._..._ .._.. .-.-.1--...-.-,-_.-
Pndy the extrusion of tho
prolotaricn revolution! into
during Uorld How II worn defeat T Vt - -. .1 _ 0'.* - .~ 1'ion~
sicn of the socialist rqrolutioo in Vietnam, Africa and Cuba since World Ear II _socialist revolution communist revoluion or
Eastern Europa and its spread in China sni into
s 0, rnporielist fa.ci-1. ml; tho Fvrtrcz JK'JIQ8.
have boon dzcisixo dcfcais of iyporiolist fascism.
Tho rooistaocs of its peoplss of iopcriolisi notions to fascist policies Ft_the
p?*cbicl lovol ~~ wages, living and vorking standards, service in imporielis
azncd forcos etc
manly has raibu
hove and the righ
ics of the social
peoples of their-is 1 .-u A-
Ia
of revoluiion, »- whore 1
and govcr;-n2:c11"1-all 1c.*.:. While
socialisL rovolution olscwbcC- has been on important factor in preventin or lcssorin~ -J 92-I
ios ovcr the socialist revolution. This résirtann cos»
- lf politically as c defcnso of "democratic rights" at
,_ determination of othor nations abroad. Thus tho victor»
tion have been inscpnrablc iTom the self-defense by tho
undo? cspitalism whore this defbnso has stopped short
has remained within the linito of capitalist oconomio
the "dcmocraoic rosistancc" of pPOplUS has helped the
rc, the fsiluro to go begond the limits of this rcsis-itanoo, tho failure to join and SpI3&d the revolution, has allowed oapitolino in
survive, to roach its pr :ot stave of :ouer and don?er to humanit . The defense U L Yn
-of dszocrocy" AS AU 0955310130 POLITICHL GQEL has in fact boon an essential part
of tho prosorvotior, cgtsnsion sod intensification of impcrilist fhscism. This is
time particularly in foo J. S. and its empire. '
To defeat and dcstro; fuscom The people must end their submission to copitolis
vvorxmont low uni must moot, dofoot and destroy the moldlization of the fascist.
forces as ihcsc rnior thn polioiozl field thoro political powcr gross out of the
b rrsl of a gun". Thcso iozces so re dofcatod end destroyed includo spies, agents
pruvoctcur, goons, £3nJ3iD3, vigilantes, fascist purpmilitsry forooo, Ivrcisi
politicol policc, and arnrd
ogoinsa tic people.
Psfonsa of The poooforoos of whatever kind acting rndor fascist ouuhori
-TR-T-lTi.'l..1*?.F* -l
1
a-
-92'92
1*
Fl.I.__.__4__jO,1 1-0.. SDci_-.14 .4; . 1,011;-r.5_o::, for the flmrl. r1c.f" 121$: clim:i.na:Li:=n sf inp2riu_1_.-154; f8_3Q_5_:;-.5, -U-lhn .é"3jg3j39 bf "[1;-r;1p ;1"-;;%.j'92_ 1*_'i_;5hL II. -,8 8.11 ODji.;Ct3.JQ 811;, Of
iiascirn and an Obj -c-Q15."-. = Q-n=w:; vi "d~1-1r@vrr=- his risi1'%-=i"-
"Demo:-ac;," w:*u.-1: c;:=.pit:-111'-:*1 is the vr;-]1.v":1"*:;=-.1",y submission of the pus}:-1's, pz:r*Lic-
ulsrly oi the. 92-->2/.ir.-;.; class, 120 the social o::dr,r, to the economic Iazr, to the ~-
E; {ex-r92_}'f;Q-1_]j.g1]_ 121: :,-1,5 pn.Lit5_ce.1 rule of '1-he cspi'te_'l.is"b class lrmrgh its c.[-;c».ni'»s
e?.<-9,;-;;_-;.;1_ by the 1:--305110." The final ¢::;p:'es:.ion cf this vclulztary subtnission may -'-.,.¢_=_:_:c.:
the fem of cunt-ihur.-d s: .b1~.is§iQ11 sh.-1 hi contihusli zeliancs on the c1cmoc;cat.:ic pm-_-
cs-53" gOVC§".F.1§lI.1'1t elect-ions, etc.! while the capitalist class mobilizes the nake.-6%
dic'La'hur.=J:i.p U2? club; gun, gas, barf-ure and death camps. The outcmne 0! sash a _ .
final er-:p1'essinn of "democracy" is clear, History is littered with The corpses of"
"dc.|-r1oc'-rz~.r.ies" *.¢!1:.ch i1s.v_»- been relied upon us defenders of the people, tizcir p3.sces..
taken by ju-.,;-%.;-1;.-, P;-5-sidonts, premiers of non-s>:is'i;ent. parliaments, and the stench
-. ..,.,_,._, _
Fas-'~i:¢2=1 can er-:i.=.=*, in
U.S. ta-dzly uecause I-'12:.of fascism in pan-var.
ag1'P-2, that it is ;1:~r:e
gu'.'e.-r1'nr;snt lax-1 "1'-!'.c 1
Thr-:3; uo.na'b sec the.-=4
the mob:i'l.izra'ti0n of 5.?
ivs >f'}c921:r;n"i-s of :I.:qr-r.-
"92- N1§f!.lR'Ifi*L.-l¥.,E-FPS I1 1.,»
.I"h53=JI.§?.*!.. 1'? *
people. un
FI~.5GIf3~-i -
f=.'.T.!?;7.. 3 ;_F§?
The basic pr u?_92l5.'!! of 01'-{;I=n11.':»'.
U:-.-'_pc:cplr=, b.:¥;,i;-"r1i21; rw--r, i"1'r>
ihe p;~;;n<~1p3-n:: and sr-1.-1.:c"1;1.1z-r: 0-."L;' ;1._1.=1?...I?_.1.'"f'~.-<E3.l:'ir_5
a-1.5. st fa sci am.:3 Cs-1'1 t-hx-eats.-"1 to be installed cf1"'lciP-113' in poses: in the
t people in th-tr U.S. who oppose isscisin in p:cinciple do not
-ary frr the pscple ta en-'3 t-heir submission to c-ap:11a1.is'l'-
ans oi the land 1:-:d=.>. by our dc1nocra'I;ic I-ep:¢esen*baZ;i92wa"!.
bhis very gcverr.:1"en"t- 1-'*.1.~: is used to r::t;?_0i1al.is>e 2*-_=1:1_ is proi-sci;
2:-:3.s1.1 and to :'_*t-£2.01: 92zit-3'1 force and violcmco the mars c.'="fcc'i;
UTZ.U.i THE 1"I."*5§."]-3 OF '.i"IiE PEOPLE WHO CILN l.i-§'1'1i*T IIITI} 37'.7?q.5'H0Y
:5 r92:11+_',:."1 trig; r~;','-" :'_|1!92 Tln-1+0,-5! T-,-nx-92+ £92r:¢92':S1g'92-: Tn--n~1 Q11-1 -I-n 1-. ,,--:1:--Q 1!. 4-T-,m 'u 92-I-v 92I~-'~92-4 --1. '-~_..n &-__ 92:¢92.' '--~-I-92J-vki +_u.uv F'bC-v-l-1-92nJ92 -1: u~.J.;--1 UU U.1.o¢u.J.....|U I.-:_u
e basis of F.-"'-O1'I.}1f.-3 IGL'5.5R .l1G".II-13.? 1*".!'LSGISi-1 6.11:1. .P.?fLlLlIS 15:.-'?. II-.=Ii?ST
-"' "-1 11'2"-1'-7*! F"-r~n'r r-Fr*1'5~':= 1"~"""<-mi .'!"_ . _.'. " .'I'.,',._ .11. ',./i _, ,'J;.|_i»92v_l_|,__;- --- ------- ,.--.. ..__...-...... -....--_....-._-;__._-. .. ii -Q.
Uni teal 3E1":.>nb Against Fascism is 114.".-. to bring '
I182. r-1..1I'ocLi*.i'c. o;;;;nsi'1".:i_:.-n *1"-a 1"¬s£;'.s't...
u11it::d fr:>n'l; 1-1us"Zs encourage Bl-I» ns:-c.;_J.s 1:1".-oarr: 1101.: or 2:110 lstcq h':<':J.v;~ raj-32:56-:'.£ no .f'asci5= . to jnin *'oogei;he1= for the-pur-pose of
ma-c*;i;.=5J_ dezfeai-:I..ng sznd d?*sL:'o;;in.g imp0ria].:?.st 1&sr:.i sin. '
;I_.3;;;__1_$;-SJ f1'lQ-?~.Ii..I;'?i.-': F.l2T;'1{i-;s__Q3_;;rg;_91 jII1TET.! F5 10?-31 1=.:s11~!s1' F»':SC1P$i~i
i:1<;"1 sc=;.-a.z~stc- oivgbn >".1tio31 or pfsrson opposed tin fascism -- 1:1;-ii-n_, 1,;;,]__;7.t5_caf|_- ' |- ' ' L _P='?'-i-PI.» *=@'l-<?I=l-i HS=.=v::i---man, ciam, or m~;1.~.=.wsr:-. oi ssms -- 1-ril
in .1": ' A1" P F -*v~ ww cvt.-.- 0.. .PL..P¬_ 9.5, -_;'_;_'_:
CUi»"J I-FIE? HUT }',T-11*-f-'*Jf.'4."1' 1'1
' -:'1:?_nr:! urn' All -92».-I .I1192.' 4.-
This I-'1!-H135 u-net. no :4.-.'i
1:z:*?,ic;! 2;; :4»-5
ibis aI..ss
Or H23» nlcnsnua. s "5: 0;:
cb:~n:1c.=*. am; 1'15-',1_3_ '-". p<
Uz;J.t s
- I 1
Fr-un*.-
dicijrae with
1105'.-~ 01?*r_=Lr92?'é';_'l I". :. 2 ..011? .'1i..-3. of tin; 1'1.F?,'-i,r-?_'}
I:U
1
a
-ii-_~:-...;~1c, ;:?"c.g;2,-am, c.-a1:=._c-sign, act-iv:¥_t3' or oi-h.1-w z=.:-*;l;::..~-_¢1-.=c::L.=:'h n3~gr1111:at;ien or 1?-1_;I',=3-311 1-1:;:;
"I. 22- him or Fae;-r, 92t1tJ1.?.§1 the united. :_¢"_r':_>11_1_.§
f1c;1"t-.
l&nui;'Jf'.= s;-.:.§-1: 1:¢v:="":. Lise on:---.&..;>;1J_y 3-,Q1_;;_-;~,j_¢n1 basis of affil-L£1 rlxdfri. J11;-1'.u"»s1; .-=.':;r.=;'.:Y<» "
Q»-.-? A4-FF!-A #9-.f_'92::r.i~ _-... .. n---92- _ --- _ _£1 .1.'.1.'.1.z1 iiir-T1 "Iii is nc".upi edto
or. also be o3~1.»c:'::¬! to or M
of cc-zztr-.-1;-=;:orsry or 1'u'l:u1-u society. THTSE O.'i1L;H. PE!? Jun! .
EJRGQT-IZi:TIOI92* OR P?sTi¬;3ON 1130?-i =T01hI192?=3 .;'I'.1H .1-LL
:1--*~u.'.c_-=. .uv n u:u'.I.:u L-xzu-u'1' nLi.'s.LIi{>'J.' r'".;.*U1?.ifE
f.*:cis'i: 0.-.g:1.Y;.'5.5.£92 Linn or person lnay be bv.§.'1-ed from the
b-sq-;u.s;'-= rm :::.~_¢ -J-3.h@;{ b¢j|__-'_G_{~3 0;; {lg-[_j_92ri-[;.j_.35.
na:'.'-n"~s:'3;I'1?" ' " ' 'as :1'i'E.5.ci 2-ed,
ca:-.':-'ta.:= 1 01-
crgr.-ni -mtion
Q»
15;: -
ti?
l ,._.
f
F
4
2 1? :-
=-%$'Z1%" i
L" Y.-_'_ 1 -_q | _- ." , . . J .-lu ' ' '
2LEI TT?ZYT DU PVT 123 Ullh FEOHI hG%1MST Fh3Cl§1 IYTU hHY EPHCIL Hi6 '1-:m., r.z~;m;;.'-r: Q :l'@'r, nm.':-,- T1113 c>1>.r:r...11:-1"v;~". 12m 'UI:L-.I{.~2HIJi."§ 21:5 IJIJITEF? FY9113
MID -=sIm"-rots;-1:11-:0 1=-,..s:r.. ~
"Fo_§i3»'l_.*L?.1-_?'-!'.Ti.'§'7£-_l"L- =1». I.-"'~'!l?'_§7_l".1;.3.¢Y.*. .11-'_?'J~f1-.111-v-"';1*El'11'!1'_i=_iJT~;'£;I.i5?L1?. .155.-5f@_-53¢; ' .
The necessary co»ordination of the united front can be achieved'bost by the
principle of voluntary solidarity which will grow out cf facing a common enemy.
lrbitraxy discipline can only fail to coordineta the people in their anti i
fascist struggle, as will any bureaucratic structure attempting to impose such_
u'r~hi0r£'.I'y discipline.
There mvst be no attoupt to subordinate the local to the regional or the region- _
cl to the ctional organisation of the united front. "
Voluntary co»ordinrtion based on nezinnn spreading of inforvation about fascism
" end about the United Front hgint Fascist will be the councst principle of
organization for anti-fascist solidarity of the people.
in organization affiliated with the united front whose particular rcthods of
3_ ' k f ' _ h uhl_ d pl at 1 ll b f d oinosinz Hscizn reunite ic V isci linco co-oroin is: ui.. not u ireven-e
from applying its methods or enforcing its discipline among its members as such.
Pvt it will be out of order for it to ettsqot to impose its particvlzr method on
the United Front hg&ih£t Fescimn either by proposing it for endorsavcnt as the
- p:c~e&in¢pt method of Sighting iescisu or hp attempting to pick meétihs or to
capture positions of influence in the structure of the united front fur the "
pUIpSC of such imposition.
?l1PL.Q?2fé'_~l§!'2f§!:El§Eé§:__5§1 3lJ.5.-I-L71..13E_Q1.?_'l_".7.ll e'. .U.1:§E'i'_1;?iZ..Ti:l;1.!.'*_~?i-'..{.1§*="1_.I .1_1~.92!.l lfiti
The orgenizational structwre best suited for the political principle of the
United Front Agoinst Fsscimn, best suited for actual political combat against _
luscisn, and which will best ensure the defeat and destzuction of imperie1ist_
fscict, i£
- 1! direct ofti ion of local anti-fascist organisations sad persons
to the voito front ct local levcls;
2! direct affiliation of regional euti~fhscist organizations, and lecl
united front orgsnisetions, ta the united front &t regional levels;
3! dixcct affiliation of nationsl antifascist orgnizotioos, iii
regional united front organizations, to the united front at the national
level;
.4! international affiliation of the united front may be estcb
accoruing to corsatvons in each country. ' "
-. 92 ii"'13_..=7£-L1-'-ll.§'ll."*!-1.1-ii =§T.-1;E&§§l§2i"Mi¬Q. Z1'}.lEB_931. E£1§JI/;'ECl§lléi
- The shove outlinci cr proposed organizational principle and structure of the
Urited Fkcnt Against Fbseism will minimise the dPma;e uhida will be che by the
inrvitaplo attwpts of pwrtieulax effilietvd'orgauizstions to limit entifncciom
to their own cczcc n crectices.
' ited Front gsinst
"oi o"~rw*sP*i=es fr- 0 -onou u géld vs Q¥DPE1SCq than nntnisg in th
u$ be lllnus thick Hill prcvcut activities sf affi - J"-1 92bm$.H on
beiu; %P?ric on or dosirrd by those nrgoniretions. s the merit of eny orgeqiz~
ti on rill be jugcl by tho people, not by the Unites Fycnt Against Ta¢Qi»@ end
th; or rnizuticn will bc free to fvnctlou and to grow or decline scoot.'- "x- -- n. - -H10
J"1@¬d fiont.Ag~ino~ :bsc1:n will rot intcrfers with the plnecss oi he
icitlc am? structvrr of the United "lent LI»
wliLic;l_rnu uT5E*BAiiGHZ E - o~ c .".oi:m xmst not -an-e.==s'.':.'--:~, or 111.1"-.c= '-cat to x. he people:-' tr.o92'e1ae11ts"
5 Qnic acti92i1i.Q or dissolving or5cni2rticns.' _ T38
shove ontlintd and proposed principles and structure, requiring only anti-fascism.
es tho political principle, voluntary solidarity bleed on information spread --
uidgly among the people as the organizitional principle, and e functional affilia-
tion of enti~fcscist organizations end persons to the united front es the
structural principle, leave each affiliate free to make its or his or her own
priorities of activities and organizations.
The proposed principles end structure of the united front will make it difficult
for any narrow interest to tats-over the united front for partisan purposes such
es electoralimn, anti~clectorc1ism, etc., or for the purpose of causing the aben@-
wring of necessary activities by affiliates or disbending of affiliates; "' Lt"-
I.-3.9§_"?§"T:l.='*,T.l7_'§£ 91-E3. IfY?3.I1.'I5§-E.fi%i§:i'I H1 $12! lfl _T§i*i._1I1¥L'§.?lL15'i-=4lQi駧~:'eL--;
The nti~Imperislict Coalition proposes that in order to ethicve the above in
the TQFQQ1 sense the following hrticles be included in the Constitution to be '
edo~tod bv the United Front ivainst Fascism: P w D
frticle I. The tclitioal ruroosc of the United Front hrainst Faseisu is toI 1 _ a -4 u _
meiiedvfeet end destroy imperialist fascism in the United States an its cmpirc..
Article 11. The sole political requira-ent for affiliation of on orgcniza1_
or person with the United Front hgainst rascisu shall be actual opposition to
fascism. For this purpose "fesci3u" shall be defined to be THE SEEEELLSIG U53
OF F6202 LID VIUL1?Cji3Y E GOJERJHLFT CUFIRGLLED IE FACT Bf TEE UliL$IE'GLS3
TO EL1hIATE OFPOSI ION TU THE EULL OF THIS CLQSS.E%e UFAF shall decide who is in|. 1
1
in fact mxti-fas¢ist.
hrticle III. Within the meetings and publications of tin nitod Front e;einnt
Fascism no affiliate or its reprccrntctive shell by discussion, notion or pro-
p052] criticize ony other affiliated organization or person on any basis other
thrn 1:~v.'3:-5L-le 'vio1.::i'im1 of 't1"e :ons:"1',?7_'t-ut-5.011 or bf,"-{I.e.us of the United. F.=.*oT!t
igainst Feeciam by the criticized affiliate. ' '
ifiil IV. it ell levels of structure the orgsnizetionel principle of the
United Front hgeinet Fascism shell be voluntary solidarity of the people end
their orgcnirctions against fascism, achieved by the widest possible spreading
of infoination about fascism, the peoples struggle against fascisn, and the
United Front hgainst Fascism as pert of that struggle. v -
hrticlo V. Locnl Hntifas0iSt organizations and persons shell efiilietc with
the local Unite Front Against Ftscism. ResionaI*or;anizations, and each local
United Front A;tinst Fascism, shell affiliate with e regional United Front
I92_r,.-w-in--1-. 1'1-.:¢~.--1;,~ 1-r--1--tr.-..'.'l-E.-.-.-r--J-.-:,,¢.+-:....-... .-.....: .-_,....'l. -..,-.--:....-1 .=....::.,...1 ';92...._~..¢, n...'....,-|- .;*-"l"-" ""92~ -'-'-92--'--I ll 92'.'.92-J--'.J U-Lfj JJ".4_.|'J-DJ L-'llD,' CIILI. 92u_?-U11 J.92;-i_.,_LUlJ92.'-_'_ ULLLUKILI ~lL'l.|.92- l92L¬-.L.|l-YD
5h?°iFF: shall @ffi1i"t¬ "lib the ntionel United Front kgninet losoiau. 1ntr: -
nctioral EfTi1inti0h of the notional United Front ngainst Fe:cisH may be octeh~
lishcrl ecc-o:rc1:i.1?'- E-'.' conr.-.it .r'-.*~:: in sec} rt:--r 1.: =:~"-- 1:1 .=-'- 1 cox .. . s t .: .» . 1 I. El..v
Aliilc V1.V0tin; by rnd representation of affiliated organisations and
P3FSUub srl he Groided by adoption of b3~leue by cech regional and lccrl
Unitci Front fgeinst Fescism. kvtionrl lgwlcws, adopted by national oonjcpenpon
OT ¢???¢tticPs, rhtll éccide voting and renresontetion in the netiewel UniiciFront hdeinst Lrscimne -
1-if:
$5.
$3
'1'
G, A, ,,_¢_§.- .4 ....~,_. A-
l_C;_-ra. ii G 4».3i'3?"?.'7 i'5.'.1.-.. Q~'*-_T'_.'=5:'.1f"'_."'-*.~_:"--. 5.1.1_Tl3_"'3.-§£L3"i'§Q_l:Rm§'§_*J~i-"!oi 3153' 5.7- '35
The c:=n%rovcr:s:~'.a1 Xh".1;"1£-.* of my 1-1Gp¢.;.~T-:2] l=@u3I; not be n be:-is for dc»n};in;;
of. '_;.'r!"0p0:.-{=1 and Crbaiit of the c.m-;r-aver."-;?::1l rruirter. The I-l"CpZ-33.1 and debs-fie-1
the :':1g_~,I1"i;
itself mat
game the -'1r>cisi0z'r.; of 13;: Iiraited Rtont in its §_;1£;_._*!;i_9__n_ cf prom-cm ca,;_P;_1i;n Gr 1';1'Q3¬¬'-"Q;
.1_,r1e1 o1 rrocrwn, cu.mI'1i.';11 or p1"o_icc'i: by the iiniie F1-on: §..gm.'1at i"ars.ci.=:m at any
Jewel n.u"t nu. be acme if
a-or e;:c.-I-pie, th-0 IEni'k:1it will cc-use e. serious split in the Unitec-. Front.
Front n'.v'J'i; nut endorse any candidate for election or appu:=.n-t-
l:2>3'l; to ;;:~.-van-;1e:t r-ff5.c:~. I§r.=:~m";.-.=:v, all aliatcs or p0'|:r<n1'-5.al u1f5.J.;Lates must be "
I,E;f5-;=_';_ cr.ntr0versi.r,J prop0."a.1 c;== debate, which '.':i.1l chow where the :novsree;-1; s*:r».n'1s, '
Q ="» '2 " - '~"- ~
-> _ __ f - ' _ _
1 free, so mar as the Uni ts-E Front is concern-ad, to endorse or support wl~_atc='.re~:~.- candidates
0-21:11 ma;-J cho-Use.
Points of time sa1~"n.::t'-.u'a, prcgvazn, ¢;;r:p:~,i;ms, and projects of the Unitcrd R1-011*; 1:111
f:1;-sni~elJ.::e -i:ne 3-a:"tic92i." 21 1:;=y¬- the U:.ter.. Futon? iirseif will fight :=.gain::t fnsci.-wt. Thséé
was 2:11]. be éi.*:&-Snot S 1-cm 'i;b.o~:,e 'a'.==':¬i by its ai$.ili=_1t es as 5ndr.}:.-men: p-taéaons or 01";-¢:t1~
i."*v.*;-ions. '. ¥:=:: :;£fi1.iates my not wish to c.-::'1ors-3 or support a perticules: concept or -
121: 2*-ic If {Kw Uaited Front, but my tolcmte it becau-=.=e of the intc-mt of its eu3:;-c~ri:s":a.
1,-.-.1. no ¢;f.:-';§}T:'.;~.t-.= can be oqaacted to béccme or remain identified, £;1¢ctJ;';; iizs p:.'eScn'l: or
1.-0tc2:i;5.?1"co:;:i;i'to.'::1c};, 92-:'lt-11 a com.-cpt or Lac-i;5.c which is csmplc-ircly con?-1-my To its V
01.: 1.3510 I P17 11:1;-lcm l _
In 1~ri.z=f, 1-he 1-:05:-:.1-» g:-5.11-izn, tho ca-:.:;::?.;,n: rend "t-he 1*;-ojecfs of #3-.9 Uni-iced F.1-on":
- lnsi: I'r.'.cia;-a, ifs the §'='c;11, 1'egi0m=l nu-_ n:-xizionz. levels, er--sh F;92'==:i7 5.11 fucif "be no
1»:-A :1 wit} no Ilc-s:< '.'-11211 a"-xi-9'.- fasc$..:=i;. 0"cI~.e1".:;i_sc the 1--s3.i'i;icaJ 1'~"q92r.r7.'r¢1e.n-i"Iva: nffiJ.:i.:~:Hc:'92..,
t!.~=:,- '>1" ;:c~:i::::'.i~.:m-.1 ;>:i.=1c*1;;1.e z.--2:. the pu1l.:1tir:a=.~. pr.-Jaciple of ti.-=2 13:11:26 Iro:.~.'1: will in -
fad: ea:-Z1 be 92ic1u'I;:;d z.-2:5 the U.ui"1;ed I:Ic-2:1; wi ll :.~oma:.11 or will 1v:.::""'.;- 0 ma;?.i=e11 i:'<-:11: in
nr:"'.:; Only.
]5rai;c1=n:~l1y uubmt
AILTI--I!~iPi3RI_{1-1lIST COM.-ITlOJ¥
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BIACK PAmz*:'-as. PAPTY - noounssw ~ w
"REVOLUTION AND saucarros"
{§NqDEHFHk'BY ELDKDGE CLEAVER
was addressed by DON
the article from theDuring the
June 28, 1969 issue of the Blackafternoon of July 22, 1969, the workshop
COX of the Black Panther Party, who read
Panther
newspaper which quotes the.pamphlet, "Revolution and Education"
by EILDRIDGE caravan verbatim. BOBBY SEALE and cox instructed
the 150 individuals in attendance from this publication. After
COX read the article he explained that the pigs have no
respect for the administration of the colleges or the students,
that the students were paying these universities for an education
and hid the right to be respected. He stated it is our_ the
Black Panther Party! job to see that this type of action by the
"pigs must stOp by any means necessary. COX went on to state
that the power structure controls man's life through the
institution of education, post offices, hospitals, and other
sources which protect the system and use
econom
is a c
to ova
system
Party
and they have a hard job confronting them. Because of
being
means
knows
attachic structure to weaken the people.
apitalistic system and this is why
rthr I the capitalistic system and. uhvarious means in the
COX stated the system
we must be revolutionary
bring about a socialistic
BOBBY SEALE commented on the article and stated that
"We the Panthers! are the vanguard of the people and the only
Organization capable of liberating the people in this country.
SEALE said because of the threat to the system by the party,
they have been ruled as a subversive organization by that racist
pig, J. EDGAR HO0vER;" that they must educate the-students on
campus and the people in the community on what is going on and
cannot move without the people with us. SEALE also spoke of
freeing political prisoners and stated that the Black
is the vanguard of the people, not black people
under surveillance by the pigs , they must use
necessary and will resolve-all legal means, but
that power comes out of the barrel of a gun. -Zr
A characterization of the Black Panther Par
ed. L»L{92
2Panther
Only.
the party
every
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ty is
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According to zts wL£:u1~ newspaper. the Black Panther. §§H1
Party IBFFJ vws st rind durznq hs¢~mbi: l966. in akland. -
Calxfornia ta crq 111» hi ck pvrpiv = !hvy cqn take contrcd -
of the 11fc ;ul=:r"a. xnd the dzllny vi uh= blwck c0mmun1£y.H_
It was Organ ':d b, wblv @?"?LZ ;¢@LF hf? fh4|!mJn. and .
HUEY P; NEWTWN Hi :n1$fQf qi u.i¢n§o, Nfwwn J? presently _.
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furthq§_d@scr1bes xtseit =a in B1¢ck fnwmunzty News Scrvace "
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tqCLiC5 in LLS :0v"ut10~.ty ;r1nr,w L" Lnd :pp!95¬1On Of the -
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"The 9£#"" P*nthPr" xsvuv Of Frptewbel 7 £968
C5DtalnS an nd1¢=::#l by F*v_%1nsnzuz 0f EduCft1n_ GEORGE
MASUN HURBAY. whsth endq vsth Lkv fw1l@u:n; f?I92
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Amer1ca, revolt evorywhere Arm ynurselves. The
only culture with kepang 1; 1 xevolutnunary
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Invludvd an the ¢ntr~duvtJon to AH ¢:92:cle appearxng
1n the October 5 '968, ed:ti-n of "The Biqck Pantht" 1s the
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People's Repubilc »f Chlna »nd fea'urc N?'s sc|tPment that"p01iLiCa1 pwwvr q:0ws ut Hf the n1:reI if 1 gun " {1}z
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dated and captione as a ove. _
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All sources {except any listed below! whose identities I
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AGENDA FOR NATICNAL CUHTERISCE
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FEDERAL BUREAU DF INVESTIGATION
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indicated, explain this deletion.
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Information pertained only to a third partyr Your name is listed in the title only.
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July 1s, 1969 - .-1¢= -
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At 7:00 P. H., July 18, 1969, the conference of the
United Front Against Fascism was opened at the Oakland Auditorium.
BOBBY SEALE was the opening speaker and stated that the purpose u
cf the convention was to "organize a united front to overthrow
this fascist government, which is run by such men as the HUNTs, _
ROCKERFHLLOWS and the KENHEDYS." He said that this is not a 7
racial conference but a conference of different organizations
pooled together to combat fascism. The whole theme of SEALS's
speech was to overthrow the United States Governnent but no
mention was made of overthrowing t e government by violence 1 1 h . Q!
After SEALE's speech he explained the conference according
to the agenda handed out at St. Augustine Church at the time of
registration. 1 I _ _92 / ;r":lg1'/QAfter SEALE spoke, he introduced HRRBE;;jt§THECKER.
APTHECKER stated that the purpose of the conference is to organize
a United Front Against Fascism and to overthrow the United states Go92
by whatever means necessary. He stated the "United States - '
Government is at the same state as the German Government was at i
{ho time of HITLER's leadership before he exterminated the Jews,"
that QRLQLZ DLQK {President lic! is H puppet to do the same
thing in this country by declaring it in a state of emergency
to protect the Government; that they have concentration camps"
already set up to put people in that they felt would overthrew
the United States Government. APTHECREP said that the people will
it
I-Iiwi L * 7* i__r;_A k " 7* - ii
' I 142 -n t r.+==»:»---»- »#s *59*¥ewowW».- '*?¢*--'E§Iw- .wF$;92.-- '<~:- -I
__ , ,_ . _, _._-, ..,.,.,.,,_<....4.. ..t ....= .-.=-=- ~ ., - -- -.-I ,.;.>..<.z¢a92.-.=.-,1 .
have to be educated against police brutality, taxation, unfai: .
employment, no political rights, et cetera, ' "
of fite
it l.92t
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ailfAt 9:00 P. M., the following seven women made speeches
minutes each: i 7- ~ i
v
MARIE W. JOHNSON
'.
oxanpgbeniou, Sioux Indian 7
ROBE%;n¥ALEXANDER, Black Panther Party
.4 ' e
cARon£na§R§:,norker/4/ _CAROL THOMAS, Southern Conference Education Fund
HILDAXIGNATUN, Young Lords_ _
1*»__ -
LORRAINE ALLBRIETEN, State Representative & Chairman
Alamede County Welfare Rights organization _
The speech by all of the above women sounde like one
record in that all their speeches were based on the overthrow of
the United States Government, and the way it ehould be done was
by a National Organization for a United Front Against Fascism.
4
f1t Q1.T -TI**t*jia4@si3~***?T*T,~=~ - ,-' ' ~#" ' - ii ~""' J '1~u-/"'l*~!'I"'* *0 " -- 4 ""' "*'-of"» 3% . ' §f@Q92 - <~,,, wee» -_ eke ' -92 "**9 ? "'*__ Q. _-" M -¢'92..4:.*- 21, - '_.,.a-5" %_§-",'»l-U92';-'Jl"?'- "!s';£""' !~qu3uQ~uv'92»92~.:92P-f,.92=nmm-J-92¢vI '._*f f!.J
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F. was over the rise in salaries. They stated that-- . _-. ....,.4_._-i-........ .._-......_..
July 19. 1969
On Saturday morning at 10:00 A. M., a group of workers
representing the Unions made speeches regarding labor in which
they stated that the country is being run by big business and_ __,g__
that the Government is moving to remove the work law, and eliminating
Unions having any bargaining with industry. The Government has V a
no price control and perocntage wise the rise in consumer prices
the United Front
Against Fascism should organize a government that would deal
fairly with labor. They stated that the people would benefit '
from the profits from industry insteal of a few like HUNT, ROCKER-
FELLOy and KENNEDY. They stated that they must encourage other
m¢ssE?s of labor to join in this fight. 7 _ it
No question and answer session was held as called
for in the program.
The following individuals were speakers for the workers:
Ir I -' U' ' ctromuslsnox-rs, Laborer
= 1 g | _' BRCHIE, L-ROT'*I92T_, IL!'F' .i'
I., ; nos 15$ e::ATIm , UAW/, .
P t H- SUS?}NVKT=R, U. C. CLF-RICQL
1"92' Q.-|192 Anori/ :1-mvss, FARM WORK}-IRS union
v I, n BOB AVAKIZXN, IUBVOLUTIOI-IARY UNION
, KENNY ,]7;I_]O!1S'lO§.1", UAW RT.-}' .CI C?sUCi92S
At 5:00 P. H., this conference was continued to Merritt
College Auditorium, Sth and Grove Street, Oakland, California,
where a movie "Z" was shown. This movie was based on a group of
citizens who had organized to obtain better working conditions,
living conditions, political representation, et ceteru. Th? ZYPWE
of the movie was also about a country Sp"nding too much money on
var, big salaries, laws against the masses and the loch ot
freedom.
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i.0»1n this movie some doctor was supposed to speak to_thi_
group of people but group of other citizens organized ageinst_
this group, supporte by the present government to assassinate
the doctor.
In the mnvie the District Attorney began an investigation
to find out why this doctor's life was not protected an in his_
investigation it was learned that the police department and a
group of citizens supported bv the government were together against -_ L1.-,-.
the citizens organization. The members of the police department
and inividunls against the citizens organization were responsible
for the killing of the doctor. Also, members of the citisens
organization were found to be guilty as members of the Communist
Party, and were sentenced as such. After_this, members of the
police department and people rkiug 'th the police met with-
strange death, such as automooile ace nt, heart attacks,
drowning and falling out of windows, _
At 8:30 P, u,, at the Oakland Auditoriun the following
speakers on Political Prisoners and Political Fteeom maa
speeches:
3 PA?! or 1.05 1:112 Ln Ram
Ql92PiF CHAi:g%i%iRRY, Revolutionary Lawyer's Guild
1'I1 1 ; r" B1I.»I;92K ms'r1.1:e
/ . - = .- -D .=CO%L4?1ack Panther Partyw 11ut:r||b,,~q¢,s .
Ca H' B1.a1:::E i=.,< >../F1 BPI i;-r I-<1-; PF"!-A" . .» {L1 iL J ,
r . -J1M!3RyQQ§, Revolutionary Lawyer's Guild4"! 92
Lv ,'[
They stated that they are in the process of organizing
a lwyers National Defense for tne defense of polit a1 ptisonei
amt parents of RBRA SEVEE spoke out about the injustices that wj e
mestrd out to their sens by the police department in San Francisco
California. They stated that their sons were only out it the
community teaching and cucating people in the community U;
their rights when arrested an that they ha not violates any
law.
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5BILL KUMSTLER spoke on the injustice that will be dealt
out against people who the system gover-.ent! believes would be
' a-threat to the present government: that this is the reason why 1
so many persons are still in prison with high bond. He made
reference to a recent Judge Conference held in the State of
california, by Governor RONALD REGAH instructing the judges 1.
to inact stiffer sentences on these persons who are causing
trouble: that if the judges did not follow these instructions _ '
they week} have a hard time getting elected at the next election.
~ He said he tried to get other lawyers to file a petition against
the governor but they were afraid to do so: that this is why we
must organize a National defense organization so that we can give
the political prisoners the best representation possible.
.--'l,~
~ _ . ' k - '- IDON COX DC!, Black Panther Party, New Xor Ciiy, New .
York, where the New York 21 was accused of bombing warehouses and
department stores, stated this was not true becuase if they had
done this they would have killed a whole lot of black people,
and that the BPP is the van guard cf the people to help the people,
not to hurt them. A .
wrnruv ¢vmq non nF vn12 .genius nous, Hr. or iris s
' a political prisener while she was - a
not in the area of the crime that he accusedhusband was
and he was
committing.
The other speakers planed great emphasis on HUEY P. -
NEWTON as a political prisoner: that a tape from the ccnteesion
a witness stated that the witness could not positively identify
RUBY as the one who had killed a "cop." The testimony in court
Lev I-.14-_92 -.n:- rang I.!:!r- I-"92592¥ kc. r-r92'|921.r1. <:f1Cv92'|--54:12 ITIT-?'92T E11" I-QC! _":192£oIF tarLJ_y LIIC 92IYJ..L-1lZ:l92' 92I'92-ICT 92-lll-492- IIC 92»L3L|.L'Ll J-92-I-l.I92..-.1-1' L].92J.l._IJ. §lD I-'UJ92 J'~-A--'-.I-92-I-L 92f4-
the "cop." They stated from these conflicting statements they
-n... .. '92J_ h. . ¢. 17 ~ ~92 '.'I '., 92=re pet1 Hn1ng t e court fOL a new trial "rd at 1 ncq Lr1aL 1"
granted HUEY would have to be tried on a third degree murder charge92 I I I .__ I Iand that would automatically give HULY a bond, and thlS 1S how
they plan to get him out of jail.
Lt 2:00 H., a Youth panel of Speaker; talked
I-.51; -1,---I-}~q<| w92E92§"-' - . v921hun in-92. -F-Hw I_1_.-92!--:n~9292-u;-:1 I92_-nr;;~92: ,I.-- I.-Flllk yL|l92..92l921 IJIIII-L» - t'JJ-43! .-.11 92-ill l.~¬-ll-.l'l.ii-iJ- 92,lJ-92_: -I-I-'--l --- 92JJ-
Unitcd Front Against Fascism. They stated that the yonths shun}?
organire nu all ¢nllGgP campuses to fight fascism; that the
_ C0mnittG? of youths should go inLo communities nn* eiw~ate the
people through literature, speaking at meetingn and at rtallof
bout
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§' gatherings, so when the move comes, to move against the United
States Government, to overthrow it, the people will know what_
part they should play. They stated that wenust have masses
with us to win. They put emphasis on how important it is to i.
l _ organize this National Committee against fascism.
I I i I .1";
JEFF JQIR5, Students organization for o Democra-
Society SDS!-maa a comment on why the Progressive Political
1-92-..-..|..- -.--, -.--.|.. .-".1. -.-Q n-nr- -....;l .,.-_.... -.-..l-Pl.-.-.£a.q.'! 1-.-. -.:..|..-,.-.1 1-1.:-Q _ '['01. Ly 9292"OB PUL K!-J-L 92J-'- DUCT CIIILJ. 92-Lib IILJL .-'Tll92'.LL.L'-Kl LL: U-LLLIILI LIl,L}! "
conference. He stated that the PLP wante college adms tration
_ to hire or employ blacks to do the domestic work at universities.
" This policy differs from that of EDS in that SDS is for fair
1-92'92..,.~.. z:.,... -.11 ...¢;;..92.-. tLOIJUL LUL .L.: }_.r-.-u_[.u.c:.
| |'92||;-1
The following individuals were speakers at this
' youth panel: ,
. W,
Q, ,,_H. rsvn m 115?.-1;, BSU - sr-1 State
_.___._ i..____-_ ____ 1"» _ _ - ' . 'anmryxuus, 505 92%TWUIrW ,1, ra- ~ r"if~- 92 JV . t
IRonsszi Arvezmno, '1' .w .1, .1= . -
---uY_,.." ._ .. , .._r_i ..--1.._;,1-.f92|Jun,/£§__,.s,1~92. bouthein rnia
,b, Fr 0SC§R1§i0S, Ins Siete De La Razc
n . J up g-r!92e-1w' 1 I I l92.n-bl * .l.f;H.l.
On Sunday, July ?G, 1C59, the following group of
ministers, priests and Rabbis and Sisters spoke for more than
!f_9292'92" Q I '., --M,
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Fether EUGENE BOYLE, Sacred Heart, Oa
H Fathet JON§§iXLL, st. Andrews, oak I-LIP
Rey, DIC£17YORK, Ftee Church, Berkel i~ 92F
' ;--|r' _Bey. HAnNIBL;gK1LLx;Ms, w.A.c.0.
. ' 1 JQH§¥BQYD, ew seminary Movement I__ .-.
92_ _92.. Ch .|F '
3 $_ JANET, St; Anérews, Oakland
F- Father UILL1AMkb'DOHHELL, Sacre Hear U11 _it
JOHN tenets, United Methodist, Qaklan
1
f ¢_|f1 E93. RUPS SIMPSON, United Methodist,
The theme of the talks by the abrve m
Iciigion vttsus irecism that the present chuxc
philosophy that is not realit that it does
it prenches;ihat they are tirc of hearing so m
want action like Christ took when he was on the
ministers also should be willing to die if uece
people will survive. They stated that the pres
an institution for the system government! to r
that there is no freedom of worship, for exampl
they should not kill would have to go and kill
this fascist government would receive the benef
to Hoses un stated there would always be perso
government who would be against such as Moses w
house and came out and worked against him, and
mvrder to save people, and if this becomes nece
ministers must pick up the gun utd kill fnv the
people. They stated that we shou?d not advecat
tenrhes milk and honey in the E5, but here oh
people; that until miniature are concerned nbonkland Qjxtli?
- s E
land
Y
_Rev. A. cEc1L£riLLInMs, Glide Memorial Methodist
Qa1:}_:mr3 !.
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golorae
inisters was @
hes are preaching
not practice what
uch talk and they
cross; that
ssury so that the
nut chuzch is only
ule the people;
e men who feel e
in were that only
it, They reiuitéd
ns in the fascist
ho was in Pharaoh
also committed
srury we the
safety of theS
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and be free to participate in society, 92 re they feel they'IIshould, they should be against a church which will not give the-go
people these basic moans; that the people should not support aw church that will not give the people these things. a " '
'l' . H t1vJ:= ~ ~
At 3:00 P. H., DONhhCALLES, who stated he was a
servicemen, talked about American servicemen versus Fascism. T
They stated they had an organization set up inside an6 outside of
.1->ir»"'j9 _*'I'
§§?§@~Q¬&&Wy@n£Qq#$#§§c#¬§§%$bBw$$¢m§M§$§i§$§Q;the Armed Forces such as one in Fort BIHQQ: North Carolina, who
are working underground in order to change the present policiesy '
of the Armed Forces: that many servicemen are being convicted and
put in brigs for being a part of this movement. They stote we i
arcfgprking to get them out. "
They stated that a Jot of the servicemen overseas did
not want to fight: that they felt they had no reason to fight,-
espccilly in Vietnam, and when these persons return to the United
States, they will be recruited into various organizations against
the Armed Forces. They stated they are also toaehinq young people
not to go into the military service and advising them of difierent
means to get those already in, out. V »
take a ten: reeorer; 1 One hearing this speech cou
camera or any other elccLronic device to the speech.
' u ¬F"'F
at 8=00 P. u., BOBBY sent: and r;etRr2nnr made
about eeentralization of the police by putting emphasis
police departments, which they called the "pigs", vae only his
to prgtect this fascist government by any means necessary we must
move to control this force. They stateo that we must educate out
people of the importance of having their own community police '
force; that there will be chief of police but a commissioner that
vill be controllt by a _nman council, that would be
elected by the people - rough means oi a petition signed by
registerr voters to be presented to the city couneilmen of their
desires in their communities.talks
on the
After this speech the registration and recruitment for
permanent membership for the United Front Against Fascism was Lad.
They patsc oUt aptlicoticw" 10 311 pcopie atteuin this spent ,
and asked them to iill than out an turn them luck ie: that each
person would be atnt iniermatict on what irectien to take in their
"@ivA,-» .. =- '~»~-Au: ~ »; 92.,»» o....- .-4...... y! ~
' r . ..1 4 . '1
g community and other names of persons in their state, city or.
_ community, that would work with them woutu be sent to them. _. E .
The folloviuq litqrature was handed out or placed
on a table to be pickrd up at this convention: __
ms. '
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i' the 1wrP<=_"Pr<>[email protected]§-L see ._ 59° 1.s1'=,1°e=1u $9139. 1i1ev§;=="-set
by Brut? Franklin Cflf II
The first major Black rebellions since 19&3 broke out in several large cities in '
the summer of 196b, That fall, the Free Speech Movement erupted at Berkeley. Since
then, it has become increasingly obvious that the Black Liberation Movement has a
leading role in revolutionizing large sections of shite youth, and recently we have
some to see a Revolutionary Youth Movement in the mother country dialectieally
related to the struggle of the internal Black nation_
Clearly it is of crucial importance that there be for those engaged in both Strugglen
a correct theoretical understanding of the relation between the two, In trying t0
arrive at this understanding, some people with both the Black and youth movements
have started relying on the term "1Ump¬HpIO1kE&I1t_"_ '
-q-bln
The reasons for this are clear_ A section of white youth has dropped out Of it
privileged position and consciously aszuncd a subproletariat mode of existence.
These "street people" now live a life at least superficially similar to that into whiei
e large section oi Black youth has been £orced_ Black and white young street yeople
own no property, rarely sell their labor in one case because they cannot, in the _
other because they will not!, hustle and drift; they despise and are despised by
bourgeoisie, petit bourgeoisie, and privileged sectors of the working class alike,
Their resemblance to each other has nos been driven home by the police, who have-
begun to use on the white drop-outs the kind of systematic terror and brutality
usually reserved for Black and Brown people and the poorest whites,
All this
States is
]umpCDIT01C¬afiat and all other classes, who
They visualise an anarchic force, made up of
groups in society, ripping the Vitals out of
corpse to some fiery Armageddon, Since this idea has been advanced by some people
strategically enough placed in the movement to be able to put it into practice, we
must seriously analyze both its theoretical foundations and practical consequents.has led some to theorize that the principal class struggle in the United
not that between the bOUlgGOiSiE and the proletariat but that between the
are seen as more or less bourgeoisified_
the most desperate and alienated sub-
the Empire and dragging the rotting
To do this, we must answer two very large and difiicult questions: What preciselyis the lumpenproletariat? What are its possible roles in the mncrican revolution?
I
Marxist-Leninist Iheory and the Lumpenproletariat
The lunpenproletariat is a class that has received extremely little attention in
classical H3TXi5t'LfulniSt theory, and what little attention it has received is
somewhst pnzzling_
Marx and Engels were writing rt a time when most other writers shout the history oi
revolutionary struggle tech n consistently bourgeois vien9oiut_ '0 lhr5= other
writers, revolutions-and [or them of course the French revolution was the archetype-"
were sad? by a mob, on undifferentiated mss:_ jg Egg, Marx and Engels, in sin51ing
out the industrial proletariat as the rargvrd oi socialist revolution, were anwious
to distinguish it from that urban woh o the hovrncois waiters This may help account
hath for the tsntemst they express for th* lnmyenproletaaist an for their leek of
detailed analysis of its conditiontaof life, its eonsnioseness, and its rzlations
to capitalist preduction_ ,7 '1I""'_ .2 ' I-.-1T'_' " "" "i'i'.i"' 1" "' " _-'____ _. __ H __ . . C
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Date: 12/17/69
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Date: 12/16/69
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"WOMBN's LIBERATION MOVEMENT, IIIIETRMATION CONCERNING - I
uxscmmansous, 00: uzw yoax." '
Enclosed for Buffalo 13 one copy of referenced
airtel.
I Enclosed for New Haven is one c each ofCharlotte reports of S dated I;
i 7/29/69, and 9/30/69, an Charlott -128 dated 11/28/69, J all captioned
Police epartment ot Beak, inquiry wee made of the Earth
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Carolina, and 1969 North Carol
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aisiriuutlnn vffice o[ the "Black Panther" hcwsphvr, saying '
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named. as inc 1 1e had c C ed ' ' '
1,-rother in Charlotte. -said that he had. This matter n
' was not further discussed. _ '
a day at B eadquarters a" erkeley and it wag "beautiful
the vav the party members were disciplined arou d headquarters
I"
U LreaL!Lst program and selling newspapers in the field, as welh 92
a as going to classes and studying all night. Le asked to
i net some money together and send it on out, inasmuch ae 1e~h net-Ger? "materials out there . " It would. 0}.92pCEl1' that H
wanted the money sent to headquarters so that matcria cou o _m
be sent hack to Charlotte for work in BPP activity.! ,92l
§ pulse told -;o instruct F, not further
oescribed, o prepare a report inasmuch as_i was wanted for92 grinting in the newspaper. then said he planned to be
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. . . 1The following information was furnished by j
SF T~l6!, a highly confidential source, on
H151-om North Carolina contacted a man
ne k out an unidentified 1
Vgtixen tol¢1%ho-.1 everybody worked/aii. hour " 92 ' ' n
also said that he had been serving the children at a
Bureau Rlil -. CF-5Q _Charlotte i157~617l!{RM! RQW*' 1 - w_..w-' A -
San Francisco "' ?33J1 - 151-2861 F D55 Ii
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Transrmt the following in 1 t_ _ _ 1_o_______o_ ~ ~ one t ,_
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IFQE1: §.>'!92.C, §.i!92.I~i I'RAi-!L3l5 -213 lb?-21351! P!
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space PANTHLR PARTY ~
tuARL9TTc DIVISION
RH T'EFF
he following information was furnished by F SF T-2?!, a highly confidential source on " ~
Li/}. n'bJ. '
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uuhn individual name la t name not __given, hut with telephone nu b 9l9*contactednlack Panther Uistributi ' in Qan rancisco on_ , 1
11/vb/59. and talked he 21¢ to , t __.i|*" '
said that 1 1ad een ha 1 e _
1 n e peop e in Winston -Salem, who cl imed that henad not been paying for his papers. i said that .
that was true and that he had been paying for the r92 92
pantrs d a new delivery of 1,000 papers
nlm mentioned that another man named
tfhonetic! "might be there". -did
£urt1er xplain tnis last statement.
The above material is being furnished to the _
Charlotte Division to assi 'n its investigation Of the M
DPP I in that terrritory.
ACO; D
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bureau Ub-lbS706Sub B! RH!
Charlotte lb?-6171! '
San Francisco 57-2861!
157-1581! PUBLICATIONS!
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Director, FBI 05-165706 sub 8!l - Hr.
6! 1 - Mr.
BLACK PANTHER PARTY ~ CUMHITTEE AGAIN$T FASCI I
RACIAL MATTERS
A review of the November 22, 1969, edition g
I of "lhe_5lack,kanther," on page eight disclosed an
article and picture concerning the Winston-Salem,
North Carolina, branch of the National Committee to
* B kfast Cmnbat Fascism which has implemented a free rea
for Children Program in the area. This article, which
entl authored by Larry Little, follows the was appar ystandard Black Panther Party av?! line and from all.
indications this group is an organ of the BPP.
You are referred to Bulet dated August 11, 1969, g
captioned "Black Panther Party - Committees Against
Fascism, Racial Matters."
' Instructions set forth in this communication
require that the Bureau be immediately notified concerning V
the formation of a Committee Against Eascism in a formsuitable for dissemination and that an intensive '
investigation be instituted to determine the aims,
purposes and activities of the group along with the
' ' f its leaders and members. Accordingly, you identities o
should immediately conduct an appropriate investigation
arate concerning this group, you should initiate a sepinvestigation concerning nd similar actionshould be taken concerning ot er ea ers and members as
id ifi d. . they are ent e A /06-__/65_7ab_ 8 ___
i t inrEi'1uL-iion identifiable with the No pert nen- group at Winston-Salem or Larry Little, in addition to tha
lt f already known to your divsion was located as a resu 0
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R5: BLACK PANTHER PARTY - COMITTEE AGAINST FASCISM
105-165706 sub 8
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The Charlotte Division has been conducting
a continuing investigation concerning groups within .
the state which have been seeking to affiliate with the
BPP. The information contained in the 11/22/69 edition ,
of "The Black Banther" indicates that an affiliate group
is currentiy operated at Winston-Salem, North Carolina,
which requires active investigation.
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DIRECTOR, FBI 105465706-B A mat: 1o/9/69I 92Y lb lfh l'i' "'1 r ,= of
2, sax FRANCISCO 157-2551
$ngPc1= BLACK PANTHER PARTY - CEAHLOTTE
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excer ted below was received on date nformation I Rram SF T-15! I.- .oL< 7==~ P ~:~ -P -**=
/Source reports on activity at Black Panther Party
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The BPS is a violence-prone black militantorganization he:dqua1'tered*:i.n_Berkeley, California, w:-.th
chapters located. throurjaout the Unlteo. States.
Source operzztcs under Departmental authorization, butis COTTFIDI21-TEL-.L. If it is necessary to disseminate this infor-mation outside the P-ureczu, it should be suitably p:1_r;.1phrase:1_ to -
adequately pz-ot.-2-ct this sensitive source.
,.f[-mmmw/ '2 - CHARLOTT 57-6171!
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nclosing
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DIRECTOR, FBI 05-155706!
ea QHARLOTTE 57-7146! c! ,,I _ I r ,1
-_ umvai-<s1'r-Y ox-* NORTH dmzonmg _|
CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CARCLINA
RM - BPP . ,IS - sns ' _ _, .-;_ / _'
. ¢ . 1 -1:c f Y e"
Re Charlotte airtel to Bureau dated 9/17/69,92 7
LEM fl! 92;av4§ I ' ?
Enclosed for the Bureau are 16 copies, and E
s Chicago 7 copies, for WFO 3 copies, for Richmond 1 copy, :A
New York 2 copies, and for San Frmcisco 2 copies and
Atlanta 1 copy of I.-HM in captioned matter. Copies have ;
been locally disseminated to Secret Service and militar92intelligence agencies. Z0 .L
Thin 1-n 1Qnr'rnar-In nib! H11 5 I'92'n'|n192.Q1P NF I-1'92Q Qnanlrf 1._nXik ¥II Il92uI Lllllvliulsi K-i92P92Q q Y IIWIIZZL it ¥Ili in II&iZ5_aIIbeipg marked obscene. LO Chuilmiby W '1'1 F § .:If:"3.7 F"7.U 92-T 1 I - ExemPt from 605- ?:;LTJ-r"""" i EPCB, X21! 43&wdDmlmmMn 'Atlanta Enc. 1! RM! .Chicago Encs . 7! -1 RM! 5-_New YOrk Enos. 2! RM! -
Richmond En¬' . 1! RH! - f '
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Deleted under exemption s! _ _ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you 01 the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Document s! originating with the following govemment agency ies! . i--._ _
_ ,_ , was/ were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agencyes!; E
_,. . as the information originated with them. You will
be advised of availability upon return of the material to the FBI.
Page s! withheld for the following reasonlsi:
For your information: _ _ _ __ __
The following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
/0.4 , /4.5" 7&6Z- //0 044, 2 "Q" '1' !i"' m H ' Ina " T *
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
§ DELETED PAGE S! §
X NO DUPLICATION FEE X
FOR THIS PAGE X
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Also enclosed for the Bureau are five tapes, not¬92origina1s, which contain the as set forth in '
+the LEM.
riginal tapes
in the event they are cons
he will turn them over to the FBI.,!has noted that
of value
ha o1 Hill, North Carolina rotected b
request, as
Fr
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information to SA
CE T4 ie
North Carolina, protec e by request g1
onducted all other investigation
at Chapel Hill, North Curolina, and SA maintained
liaison with Secret Service and military intel igence. ll!
It is noted that 6 C¢pi9$ of the airtel and 16 copies of
the LHM are furnished to the Bureau due to the various organizations
and personalities involved, as the Bureau may desire to place
copies in other orqanizational or individual files. u92
In view of the fact Counterorientation Week occurred
without incident, this case is being considered c1osed. ]4!
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_.,. .92:-_ ' ° "-' UNITF1. rrrzs DFTA RTMFNT OFIUST1
IONPR it-re J" Charlotte, North Carolina.?'n _'
i .* FEDERAL HURLAV OFlNYf¬TlGA1
II.-311$/E I
November 3. 1969In Reply, Plluu Refer In
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UNIVERSITY 1~1< 12.11 CARQLINA
- JXROLINACHAPEL HILL, NURAH C
ERS ~ BLACK PANT R PARTY RACIAL MATT HE
INTERNAL SECURITY STUDENTS FOR A
DEMOCRATIC S DC TETY
Reference is made to memorandum made at Charlotte,
North Carolina dated September 17, 3969, captioned as above.
1 reported that On September 17, 1969, CE T-
h Univorsity of North Carolina, Counterorientation Week at t e .
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, started at 2:00 p.m. that
day with speeches by JAMES S. LEE. noting Director of Training
for the Foundation for Community Development. Durham, North
Carolina, speaking on the black nationalist movement; ADOLPH
L. REED speaking on "Plight of the Black Han:" and ALEX
WILLINGHAM. The speeches were followed by a question-and-
answer period and the participants included the speakers.
GEORGE VLASITS, former State Organizer for the Southern
-Sstudent Grganizing Committee £SSOC}. and HONABD FULLER, with
'the session ending at 4:15 p.m.
Later the same day, HOWARD FULLER spoke from 7:30
until 9:45 p.m., and observed in the audience was SAM AUSTELL,
believed to be an organizer for the Students For a Democratic
Society SDS!. An announcement was made that BOBBY LEE of
BPP! in Illinois and his group had the Black Panther Party
RECOMENDATIONS THIS DOCUMENT CONTAIN3 NEITHER
I. IT IS THE PROPERTY NOR CUNCLUSIONS OF THE FD
OF THE FBI AND 15 LOANED TO YOUR AGENCY; IT AND
ITS CONTENTS ARE NUT T0 BE DISTRIBUTED OUT5IDE
YOUR AGENCY.
1-" - L . -.. r.,'?_-' 7- . Mn.-92_-.,_______:_92__ n i-In - ._ -_ ._ ~ Q W 7',. " _ _" 5 -L|I,-:'1%s!' 8 I A _ --92_ __ --I "I -"51. - *'* -r '--a:a-h..e4uIn- fr-v~I:"92.-~92~L
/"
RE: COUNTEHORIENTATION WEEK
UNIVERSITY OF NGITH CRRG.-INA,
C1RPEI- HILL, NORTH CAROLINA
been detained in Richmond, Virginia, but would arrive for the
morning of September 18, 1969. No incidents were reported
for the day, with the attendanoe of the afternoon session
estimated at 75, and there was no estimate received of the
attendance at the evening session.
1969 .
advised that according W
first meeting oi the day took place at 4:00 p.m. '0
University of North Carolina campus. The meeting was
attended by approximately 50 people, 2 of whom were Negroes. ,
Speakers included the president of Union Local 77, from Duke
University, name unknown. He spoke about getting the union
organized on the University of North Carolina campus. Other j
p speakers included CLINT PINE, and one other unidentified individual
' who spoke regarding workers rights and problems. The meeting ended
at approximately 5:00 p.m. N0 incidents occurred.
ised he recogn ed ROSE and GEORGE VI.-ASITS at
the with a literature table.-1-4-nnu-n---
The second meeting began at 8:00 p.m. There was a
film entitled American Revolution II shown from 8:00 until
10:00 p.m. The meeting was attended by approximately 350
people at the onset. Approximately half of those in attendance
left before the end of the meeting. The speakers included CRAIG
WALDEN, who only introduced the film, and the first full-length
speaker was BILL FESPERMAN. FESPERMAN said people must relate
' Y to their class and relate to their roots. FBSPERMAN advised
Y the group had been in Richmond, Virginia, the previous night,
=7 ~ and he said, Were coming down south to work on local problems."
,.
T? The second speaker was BOBBY LEE, who said a revolution.--.* 5 is coming that should give more power to the people, and "Panthers
are going to participate in a real war." LEE read some names of
l 4 ;','I'°"-I 1",Il"_'!';_;-.~¢_'_, _ . :'92 -~-w -I e.- -..-.~ 7.; I Y __. _. ___ . . ,l,,_,._:__._. __ _ .___,_' _ - 1"!-"- _ ~¢_ i______ .;;_._l l____ _ _""*' """_, _ _f______,_____ _.
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CCUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
/ UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CARCLINA,
CHAPEL HILL, NCRTH CAR I.|IbRRE:
individuals in Charlotte and Greensboro, North Carolina, whom
he said were impersonating Panthers. LEE left the impression
that he would seek some sort of vengeance regarding them. The
speakers refused to answer questions at the end of the speeches.
The meeting ended at 11:40 p.m., and no incidents occurred.
On September 19, 1969, CE T-2 advised that on September
17, 1969, HCWARD FULLER, JAMES LEE, and BOBBY LEE, Field Secretary
for the Illinois BPP, were observed at the Counterorientation
Program at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. 'The crowd contained approximately 20 black people and
the rest were white. BOBBY LEE spoke about the Black Panther
Party and the Black Panther Party Program, indicating that persons
posing as Panthers in North Carolina were not affiliated with the
national organization. JAMES LEE spoke briefly that the black
man should not join the white man, and ADGLPH REED spoke of the
cafeteria strike at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
during the spring of 1969.-.-Qnqi-
A collection for the Malcolm X Liberation University
was taken at the meeting, and it appeared that over $100 was
received, but no specific amount was reported.
On the night of September 17, 1969, HOWARD FULLER
sppke in the Great Hall of the University of North Carolina,
to.a standingroom-only crowd, which included only about ten
Negro students. FULLER arrived at the meeting accompanied by
CATHERINE HARGRUVE. The text of FULLER's speech was how a few
' business organizations which he identified to include the tobacco
companies, power'companies, and banks controlled all activity
in Durham. North Carolina, resulting in oppression to the Negro
people and their economy. FULLER said the Negroes did not need
white assistance for anything. He said that the Negroes were
no longer going to be good Negroes, and then he refused to tell
the whites what the Negroes intended to do.
3
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RE: COUNTERCRIENTATION WEEK
UNIVERSITY OF NCRTI-I CAROLINA,
CHAPEL HIHL, NORTH CARULINA
I
Before FULLER's main speech, CHUCK HOPKINS talked briefly
about the arrest of JAMES LEE at Sanford, North Carolina, setting
it as another example of Negro oppression. He blamed the racial
situation in Sanford, North Carolina, on the continuing agitation
of the Negro population by the white people, and indicated that LEE
was merely a catalyst to make the Negro people rebel against this
oppression. 'HOPKINS denied that LEE had taken any action to in
fact constitute or incite to riot.
One of the Negro people at this meeting was identified by
FULLER as the leader of the Black Student Movement at the University
of North Carolina- He was not, however, identified by name. This
individual was an Albino Negro, possibly student WILLIAM DAVIS WILSON
1i~h+ Pin and has blond hair. jo 92_ 92.aJ92-1. um aiuu 0.1.1.'__»_QH Fan unruFI'l>l92J lL92@i-5 YE-I-J
September 23, 1969, CE T3 advised that on September
there was a panel discussion on Marxism
held in Room 207 of the Carolina Union. Among those participating
was ED LAVALLE, Duke instructor: GEORGE VLASITS; ADOLPH REED: and
NICK ATKINS, a Duke instructor. There were about 75 persons
attending, and in general the speeches concerned the merits of
Marxism as a method for liberating the American people, especially
the working classes. The speakers took turns talking and there
was a lot of talk about the need to reform American society-
NICK ATKIN announced at the beginning of his speech, "I am a
iiar-uxist," and Fu'IICT1.|PH REEU said that "Marxism is the best way
for black people to bring about the changes they want." GECRGE
VLASITS discussed the role of students,whether they should work
' through the community or on campus to bring about the "reordering"
of society. ED LAVALLE also said that Though we must get the
working classes behind us in order to reform American society,
there will still be bloodshed because the capitalists aren't
going to give up their profits without a fight. On
21; 1969; at B200 Poms;
4
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK -¢_92
{ UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA,
, CHAPEL HILL, DKRTH CARCLINA
T, W "* ' pr
5- On September 23, 1969, cs '1'-3 reported that on? 5 September 22, 1969, at 7:30 p.m., in Room 111, Murphy Hall,
1% University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, there~' _,; was a discussion on imperialism and American foreign policy.
l Among those attending were FRED BODE, University of North Carolinaui 1_:__A..-..-.- ___.4..C_..._..__ rinnxr -|r1:lc92rIQt:92-I-92 ._'92 _-_ _ 1-1'._l_____1.s__- -.1: 921._-A.92_jg 11.1.31-92JLy PIKJ-L355-11:; IJHRHI I92l:lDDL|Inl92| ELLBU H UIlJ.VEI.'BJ.ty U]: LIUIEII _
Q__ Carolina history professor: and GEORGE VLASITS and CARL DAVIDSON,
k a former officer of the Students For a Democratic Society.
2 VLASITS began the meeting at 7:30 p.m. by showing two
3m- films. The first film was on the United States exploitation
' of Venezuela and the revolutionary movement there. The second
_ film was on presentday Cuba, how the country is prospering, how
1 happy and well fed the people are now that the United States has
been removed. These films lasted about an hour.
Then VLASITS introduced the speakers. FRED BODE spoke
about the history of United States imperialism, condemning
THEODORE ROOSEVELT and WOODROW WILSON and contrasted United States
imperialism with nineteenth century British imperialism. LARRY _
1 KESSLER then took over. He said, "The countries that the U. S.
~ eall underprivileged are not underprivileged at all but they
are super-exploited by the U. 5., countries like Vietnam,
» ' Venezuela, etc." He blamed the United States for starting
, World War II with Japan. He said that gg the United States!
~ have isolated Red China, not China herself.4.>»
.-
_ CARL DAVIDSON spoke briefly about his trip to Cuba.
. He said that AID was exploiting South American countries by
" paying for the eenstruetion of houses for the poor but then
allowing American building contractors to charge the poor people
- more than three times the cost of the building.
_ _ On September 29, 1969, CE T-4 made available tape
recordings made of the following meetings:
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-.RE: COUNTERCR IE-NTATION WEEK/'_92
UNIVERSITY OF NCRTH CAROLINA
CHRPEL HILL, NORTH CARCLINA
edneedg1,_§§Qtemher_l7, 1969
"The Black Liberation Struggle"
2:00 p.m., Room 111, Murphy Hall
Black Liberation in North Carolina"
8:15 p.m. Great Hall, University of
North Carolina Student Union
Thnrsdayio5§P§§mber_1§i_l962
"Community and Factory Organization"
4:00 p.m. - Room 207, Carolina Union
--an-_n~
"American Revolution II"
7:30 p.m., - Great Hall-
onda1,_SeEtembg; 22, 1959
"Vietnam Will Win"
4:00 p.m. - Room 207, Carolina Union
"Imperialism--A Look at American Foreign Policy"
7:30 p.m. Room 111, Murphy Hall -
F CE T-4 noted that th= meeting
on Marxism on September 21, 1969.
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
The following introductory comments were made by
ADCLPI-I REED.! .
This is the first thing on the program for orientation
of the Black Liberation Struggle. voice from audience, unintelli-
gible.! Ha, no i dont know how to fool with these things. io I
just yell. This is the first panel on the Black Liberation Struggle
and the speakers are, the first speaker is going to be JIMMY LEE
from the Foundation for Community Development who's going to talk,
who's going to try to give an analysis of change in the movement,
in the black movement. Transitive change in the last 15 or 20
years. And then I'll try to talk a little bit about the cultural
importance of, of . . . okay. Then I'll try to talk a little bit
about the cultural importance of Black ationalism as a tool for
the liberation of black people. And finally, ALEX WILLINGHAM,
a graduate student of political science here, will summarize the
things that we've said and then add some more.
Before we get started with the speakers, as you can
probably guess, the films aren't here right now, the two films
that were scheduled. However, we hope to have the Black Panther
film sometime today, right
secretary for the Illinois
detained in Richmond. But
he definitely will be hereGEORGE? nd BOBBY LEE also, the field
Panthers, isn't here yet. He was
he should be in sometime today, and
for the program tomorrow night. 8o,
here's JIMMY LEE.
-1
telling
who are
and for
I'm not The following speech was made by JIMMY LEE.!
I see we managed to get some reporters here, and no
who else we got in here. For the benefit of the reporters
willing to make the equation, no, I am not a Black Panther,
the benefit of other people who might be suspicious, no
working for the CIA.
What I want to do just for a couple of minutes, and maybe
we can lead into some questions, is kind of remind you of things
7
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COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
that you probably already know and sort of maybe lead into some
reasons why these things that you already know have happened.
You know, it's become obvious in the past few months to some, and
in the past few days to others, and in the past few years to still
others, that black people have changed their view of what the
liberation struggle is, and that black people have changed the
emphasis of the liberation struggle. And so what I want to do
is kind of look at where things started out and the erronious
analysis that led to things starting out at that particular
point and and see what sorts of things have happened to make
the changes that have taken place.
The initial thrust. if you want to hegin 20, l5 years
ago, the initial thrust of the black movement was toward integration.
Integration without much concern about what was integrated or why
it was integrated. Just the initial thrust was integration. And---11-a-_this thrust came about as a result of black people looking at the
condition of black people and saying something's wrong. We don't
know exactly what it is, but something's wrong and let's look around
and see what's wrong. We know we are poor, we know we are uneducated,
we know we can't get jobs, we know we can't buy hot dogs at Kress.
We know this and we know that, but why is
that said the reason that this is true is
We're separate. What we need to be doing
andit?
that time was the answer
because we're separate.
is trying to integrate
become part of the system and once this happens everything isAnd the answer that came out at
going to be all right.
1
And so all sorts of things_were tried. People got
locked up. People sat down, swam in, knelt in, did all kinds
of things to try to get into the system. And the upshot of all
that was that the people got into the system to a certain extent.v
You
the
can
thecan go and buy a hot dog at Kress now, and even sit down at
lunch counter. You don't have to go in the back door. You
try on clothes at downtown stores. You don't sit upstairs at
movies any more. You even managed to get some civil rights laws
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
But pretty soon, black people began to look around again.
They said, okay, we got this, we got this integration to a limited
degree. Our-kids got freedom of choice and they can go to school
wherever they want to, but
of kids in Alabama came up
wrong and what was needed.
screamed "black power" onesomething is still wrong, And acouple
with a phrase to describe what was
STOKELY CARMICHAEL and NIBLIE RICH
day. And what they meant at that time
was that we're involving ourselves in the system, but we still
don't have any influence over it. Because all parts of the system
to be influencing are controlled by white folks. that we need
So
people to th
some sort of
that the syswe need some black power. we need to organize
e point where black people can go to the system
power base, present demands, and influence the
Lem is making. Influence white people to makeblackwith
decisions
the
kinds of decisions that are going to be appropriate for black
people, And so the drive was made for black power. And there was
--in--7 a time when black power, when black power even as it was definted by
white folks, was totally unacceptable. And that hadn't been too
long ago. I imagine for some folks, I hope nobody in here, that
the concept of black power was really unacceptable, and when you
said I'm a black power advocate, you know, folks started to shrink
away from you. It was some real hip white folks and some crazy
black folks who could get away with saying I'm a black power
advocate, and everybody would say Yeah, okay, yeah, right on, you
need black power.
But pretty soon it became acceptable that black power
is, in fact, what black people need to be fighting for. But
this was black power as defined by white folks. This was the
black power that said what black people need to be doing is
trying to get in and influence the decisions that are pads
' concerning their lives. Well a lot of tactics were used for that
The base oi the whole thing was community organization or labor
organization , and the tactics that were used to influence
decisions ranged any place from petitions to burning buildings
down.
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
But pretty soon it became apparent to black people that
this was not the answer. That black power as we just defined it
wasn't going to work and that influencing the decisions wasn't
really the important thing. What's important, what's important
is not influencing the decision but making the decision. And it's
toward making the decisions in black communities that the black
movement is now moving.
We hear talk of the movement now being described as a
liberation struggle. And for people talking about making decisions
it seems kind of weird to go into a thing of liberation. And I
think what's happening now is that black yeople are recognizing
that the nature
black comunity
A colony within
if black people
be made. Black
and that within
of black people
their own destinies are pretty
It's also recognized
economic system
than it does on
black people orof the problem merits black people defining the
in terms of the black community being a colony.
the white mother country which must be liberated
are to successfully make the decisions that have to
people are recognizing that the real problems, the
real problems that are facing black people are poverty and racism,
a racis* white America the chances
their own decisions and governing
slim.the context of
making, making
that within the context of an
that places more emphasis on profit and property
human life, then the chances of survival of poor
decreasing the number of poor black people in
proportion to affluent people period, is very slim. And so the -
whole emphasis of the movement is being shifted toward liberatinm
often oppressed
systems to make
people.
This,colony and toward changing economic and cultural
them directly relevant to the needs of black
I hope, will serve as kind of a guide for
later discussion.
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
The following speech was made by ADOLPH nssn.!
well now, Brother LEE has'just defined the problem of
black peo le in colonial terms, which I think makes the conceptof black ationalism more important, because as a colonized
group black people do represent a distinct nation within a nation
in the United States, and as a matter of fact, in the whole of
Western society, but particularly here in the United States.
!And~also I'd like to say this is not a new way of
looking at this problem. I think black nationalism has been in
existence or positive feelings toward black nationalism have been
present within the black community since the first slave ships got
here. BENJAMIN BANACA phonetic!, for example, argued for some
sort of generalized black nationalism when he conferred with
THOMAS JEFFERSON. And, God I hate to say that man's name, and
rmRTIN DELANEY was one of the foremost black nationalists this
country has ever seen. MALCOLM X, scores of others.
And well, in terms of the liberation of black people,
black nationalism creatinga sense of national unity for our black
people in the United States, is of utmost importance. Because
we can't begin to discuss liberating ourselves unless we are rooted
firmly in our own ethnic, cultural, national circumstances, which
is half American at best. Probably not American at all.
And the civil rights movement failed because, as JIMMY
pointed out, there was not this consciousness of the black nation
and of how to deal with the black nation.
They are civil rights leaders to the extent that they
let anybody. We're concerned primarily with being integrated into
a burning house, into a, into the prevailing economic, social,
and political system in the United States during the late 50's
and the early 1960's, because they somehow thought that we didn't
have to conceive of ourselves as a distinct nation of people and a
distinct cultural group to get ourselves over in the struggle. They
didnt conceive of it as a liberation struggle: it was an integration
struggle. .
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RE : COUNTER CR IENTATION WEEK
And right now I know there are many movements or many
people in the white left who are pretty much opposed to black
nationalism because they view it as counter-revolutionary or
whatever the hell else they view it as, and frankly, that just
doesn't have anything to do with the real world. See, black
nationalism has to be just as legitimate as Vietnam nationalism,
and as Cuban nationalism, as Chinese nationalism and as Russian
nationalism. Because this is the tool that black people have to,
to liberate themselves .
You know, superficial things, such as the tendency among
many black people to view white institutions as being somehow ipso
facto better than black institutions. This is the kind of_thing
that black nationalism fights off. The only way that there can
be any equality between black people and white people in this
country is through our rooting ourselves in our Own cultural .
traditions, in our own cultural values, in our own language,
music, and Beltan Shan phonetic!, if I can use Max Favor's
terminology. We've got to stick with our unique way of perceiving
the world if we are to be liberated.
The following speech was made by ALEX WILLINGHAM.!
I just want to make some quick remarks here regarding
what seems to me to be some of the fundamental, underlying changes
that have been going on that show the kinds of things that JIM and
ADQLPH have been talking about. But let me just start off by
clearing myself too, regarding the most aggressive, repressive
forges in this country. And I'll do that by simply relating to you
my-own change of view regarding my own position on the list of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation. I was very proud when they
came and checked me out back in January, because I knew then that
whatever else that meant, it meant that I was going to be on their
list, and as always, I'm very proud to be with my people.
As luck would have it, however, I was in my Fascist
hometown the last couple of days ago, and this friend of mine,
a Negro fellow who is now working on the police force down there,
12
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEH
is being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for
police brutality, which means that he is on the list also. And
I've now been thinking about trying to get myself off of there
and clear my name.
Let me just try to . . . it seems to me that what has
happened basically here, and trying to get, of course, the more
basic and fundamental kinds of notions, is that the whole movement
on the part of black people has gone from a sort of one-dimensional
uni-dimensional sort of thing to a more multidimensional and
a more dynamic approach. '
I remember, for example, when I was in undergraduate
school, people did not raise questions about such things as
integration. You didn't raise them with black people. You didn't
raise them with white liberals. You just didn't raise these kinds
of questions. The whole ideology of integrationism was assumed
to havu answered all of the kinds of questions of a political,
theoretical nature that bknck people should be interested in. I
think that what happened when STOKELY and them first raised the
question in a popular context of black pcuer nationalism, is that
we saw then that there were various other kinds of questions that
we did have to deal with. And the whole culture of black people,
the whole potency of black institutions and what have you, and
various other kinds of questions that MALCOLM particularly raised
and, of course, they are now quite common and that we have been
talking about up here already, are the kinds of things that came up
front-stage center. "
But let me just try to indicate some of the kinds of
diferences that were involved here. For example, there was
this hang-up, and this thing reached its epitome in one of the
great liberal documents we've had from the civil rights movement.
We've had two great liberal documents. One of these was the
Moneyham phonetic! report on the black family. Well, that
gentleman played the dozen with us, and I don't play the dozen with
white folks, so I'll just let him go. The other great one was
that report of the Kernersbindsey Commission as they say. And
the whole principle reached its epitome, I think, in the Kerner
Lindsey report where, when we look at the thing in ue terms of
13
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RE: COUNTEROR I92~.NTA .. .1 QN WEEK
its socalled finding, we kind of conclude here that the great
principle in this country has, in fact, been racism. It is
suggested to us that we should deal with some attitude of sex
on the part of white people which is somehow or another related
to our own kind of principle. And, 0' course, that was a crucial
integrationist notion. lhe principle was that white folks just
didn't understand and they had this hang-up. They thought we
descended from the monkeys and I kind of hope that we were. And
that sort of thing, and we should, therefore, work to change our
kinds of institutions, to improve then: own attitudes, to civilise
white folks as STOKLQY 'XRMICHAEL put it three or four years ago.
There was, therefore, this interest in white attitudes
which you see directed our attention away from the attitudes of
black people, the opinions of black people, and what have you. What
really mattered was white folk.
This meant, ca course, on the other hand, a sort of
deemphasis on black attitudes as I've just said and a generalized
deemphasis, as ADOLPH was saying, on black institutions period
and what they could do. Black institutions, black organizations
were assumed to be way stations. These way stations were
temporarily there until white America was sufficiently civilized,
in which case they would fade away as the case may be, wither away
to make this thing look more proper here, wither away. And we
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course, we now know, all of us admit, there is no American mainstream
HOWARD CRUSE phonetic! listed a crucial point. He said
letfs assume I'm going to integrate. Name the group that
to integrate with. would it be the wops, would it be the
would it be the Jews, the American Indians? Which is the
group with whom I'm supposed to integrate? Specify that,
executives or eastern professors?okay,
I'm going
Catholics,
American
corporation
Okay, so we came to see then that this wasn't in many ways
a sort of multiracial system, multi-ethnic society, as they say.
And the problem was not that it wasn't multi~racia1, but the fact
that rather limited groups of people were running the whole show
for everybody else, including black people. The point then is to
identify those people who took back all these power positions and to
remove their feet from our backs, as the case may be.
14
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
Okay, a second kind of thing had to do, and this, of
course, is directly related to the whole integration ideology
and which is definitely undergoing changes now, is the fact that
we simply did not have a critical perspective on the American _
system. We had no way of really coming, finding ht» we could
criticize the system. The best thing we could see is that that
man, that white man, is a racist. And there are some Negro people
who are not qualified, but when it came down to grappling with basic
problems about the way that the structure, the political and social
structure, in this country operates, we simply did not have the
kind of critical positions that are absolutely necessary for groups
ho pretend to be standing for basic and fundamental change, or
what we now call liberation.
We had no critical perspective, and that had a lot of
implications. HOWARD CRUSE Phonetic! has pointed out a lot of
them, l think, quite cogently. For one thing it leads to a sort of
simple conformism by which black people or whatever other group is
involved, we know this has happened historically with black people,
make an effort to in very minute
is expected of them from, or by,
the dominant group. NATHAN HRIR
about a cocktail party he was at
cocktail party was populated by civil rights Negroes. And this
And what had happened
no white folks there,
were there anyway, so
in their hands, beingdetail conform to what it is that
chief group itself, as they say
phonetic! tells a little thing
one time in Washington, D. C.
is that they had forgotten that there were
but they were pretending that white folks
they had Beethoven on the box and champagne
careful to hold out the smaller finger.
So NATHQN HHIR, who you probably know NATHRN HAIR, from what I
can understand, he has his difficulties thank goodness. So what
he did was to go over to the box and slip RAY CHARLES on there
somewhere down the line.
And after two or three records fell, everybody was
standing there in those long tails with that little finger,
sipping that champagne, thinking about their Thunderbird, I
just might point out. And RAY CHARLES fell. And it was back
in those days when RAY had that tune I called "What I Say." And
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RE: COUNTERORIENTATION WEEK
you probably remember how that record started off, don-don-de-do,
et cetera. And they lost their whole cool and went into their
thing, Without ever recognizing what had happened here.
And you know what you had here were all different people
repressing their own sort of thing all unable to raise, and in this
context musically of course, but thats you know, an example.
But I'm able to raise on the basis of thatsnrt of bland conformism,
any kind of crucial or critical points about the kind of society
in which they live.
- Now I just might point out as far as I'm concerned the
extent to which white liberals and white radicals epport any kind
of crap like this is the extent to which they are contemptuous
of what I ccnsider to be quite important in critical thinking and
they are ultimately contemptuous for black people as a thinking
group of pe op]. e .
Okay, just let me make another point and it has to do
I think with the limited commitment that black people, Afro-
American people, have to other oppressed people. An
…[truncated]