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92
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVE.-STIGATION
HIGHLANDER FOLK
SCHOOL
PART 6 OF 7
FILE NUMBER: 61-7511T;'.3'..-;- '.:92_-_ 92.'. '2' v .-
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. HFS is no the subject of a e dip n n investigationWe have conducted ' g 'an invest gation of it in thepast in view of allegations r ' 'eceived that it was the headquarters for '
-92 - -.;_.1 1v.communist activities ineast Tennessee. Our investigation failed tosubstantiate the allegations. Recently theTennessee State Legislature passed a resolution. g_ appointing a committee to investigate communistl;q*'"'F"=- e--;- 3 activities in the school
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92': X! ,4 - _ . , _ .
I ' To , Director, FBI 1-7511! DATE: 2_24_59 -
1mg%mSAC, Memphis 1-4! ""3-
A _ _* - *1 - '14: ,-* -5"BJnc'r=4IGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL "s =7 ~ -~ 1. '' sm - c Y ~ .- ' . . - ~
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i/*%"D, press release ma e a a e y , a rman, -- fT¬n¬s§ee Federation for Constitutional Government, entitled. ,' I/l"Joint Statement o£_State_Q£ficer§_and Organization Leaders -'of fEE Tennessee Federation for Constittionai§ovePnm§nf?*"''This'statementsets-out the Iactwthat these men short the ~ _
proposal that a committee of the Tennessee State Legislatureinvestigate the Highlander Folk School at Monteagle, Tennessee
i and set forth the basis for their stand; -; J P.-i . .: l
g Enclosed for the Burean and Knoxville are autostat i
copies of this statement. _ ' _ - -. H g ._I . _
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M2- Bureau 1-7511! encl.4! RH i
1- Knoxville encl.-2! RM . t .. -- - _' __. _- ; g' 2- Memphis -105-148! TFCG!-' -M" ' . " t_ 1;"
7;, <1-61-34> ALL INFORMATION CONTAIN K % will HEREIN |s UNCLASSIFIED ' ED692G!oq,<>?$' oATEqs!mBY _U. I I-
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I '1 .e:1sr.:?:a~;.~zL2';§.2.'%LA'~E~ ~
Donald Davidson, Chairman l ¢§¢S$Qzs*' '
JOINT STATEMENT OF STATE OFFICERS AND ORGANIZATION
LEADERS OF THE TENNESSEE FEDERATION FOR CONSTITUTIONAL.GOVERNIEIT
In view of the past record of Highlander Folk School, it is no
surprise whatever that the Legislature should have in vies s thorough
investigation of the institution. We heartily commend and support
their action, . _
What is surprising is that any informed citizens of Tennessee
would object to a action so obviously demanded in the interest of the
public welfare and already too long delayed. In this oonection we
refer particularly to a group of faculty meqbers of the University
of the South who in a public letter have attacked the good faith and
impugned the motives of the duly elected members of our_prelent
General Assembly, we deplore this display of academic gullibility
and folly. This group and a few other critics have been so ill-
advised as to accuse the Legislature of "McCarthyism" and 'Iitoh
hunting." We resent this insult offered to the Legislature and the
people of Tennessee.
The record of Highlander Folk School as a seat of agitation
5
and subversion is already well-documented up to 1954, through the
-92 £1 -s--.1-a sq B 4-s-s-Q--.-| __-. .--. -pi Q -I3'd&1*i1'igs and Ropufta uf Cuug,ru:lsluuu1 C one PU HUI-Ii
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92
92
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. I 2
Security of larch 18, 19, and 20, 1954, Highlander Folk School is
revealed through sworn testimony as having been a center of subversiveF1
activity since 1949 or earlier. At these hearings Paul Crouch, for
seventeen years a communist leader, former Communist'District Organizer
for North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee, testified as follows:
"Senator Eastland: What is the Highlander Folk School?
"Mr. Crouch: The Highlander Folk School is a school operated
at lonteagle, Tennessee ostensibly as an independent labor school but
actually working in close co-operation with the Comunist Party.'
On March 19, 1954 Mr. Crouch testified that in 1940 as Communist
I_gin;--r, he met with Myles Horton, James Dombrowski and Ed Hcdrea,
the Nashville Organizer of the Communist Party and "later my successor
as Tennessee Organizer," at Highlander Folk School. Hr. Crouch said
in reference to this meeting that "The Communist Party was anxious
to get the maximum results from Highlander Folk School without endan-
gering Hr. Horton or anyone."
Crouch explained that . . . if it were to become public knowledge
.tha? the Highlander Folk School was co-operating top closely with the
Communist Party and carrying on too much open Communist propaganda .
sll endanger its funds and its support , . . Pages 125-126!
On Page 155 of the official recorded Hearings of the Senate -
investigation Mr. Arena, Counsel for the Committee, asked Ir. Crouch
ts Tailoring question: ' '
"" rens: What conferences did you have there [Highlander
Folk School7? What was the purpose of the_conferences? What was
accomplished in these'conferences at the Highlander Folk School?
"Mr. Crouch: The purpose of the conference was to work out a
plav He which the Daily Worker Official Comunist Newspaper! would
i
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be purchased by the school. They would be made accessible to the students,
that everywhere possible the instructors would refer to the Daily Iorker, "
to news that had come in it, to encourage the students to read it, and
it was agreed that the Communist Party should have a student, a leader,
»
sent there as a student whose job it would be to look around for pros-
pective recruits, and Mildred White, now in Washington, D. O. was
selected to attend the Highlander Folk School for the purpose of recruiting
for the Communist Party and carrying the Comunist Party line among the
student body there.
Hr. Arena:
"Er. Crouch:
Flr. Arens:
Communist Party?
Hr. Crouch: I did.
"Hr. Arena:
transpired. 'You said it was agreed? Who agreed?
r. Horton and ir. ombrowski.
Did you ever solicit Hr. Horton for membership in the
Tell the circumstances of that solicitation and what
1 ;
Mr. Crouch: At that meeting after we discussed the school I
asked Mr. Horton to become a formal member of the
his reply was, as near as I can recall his words,
as much good now as I would if I were a member of
I am often asked if I am a Communist Party member
I feel much safer in having no fear that evidence
"* r; ixtc the Communist Party, and therefore ICommunist Party and
Im doing you just
the Communist Party,
and I always say no
might be uncovered to
prefer not to become
a member of the Communist Party." Pages 135-136!
Crouch also identified Rev. Don West and Myles Horton as "original
founders" of the Highlander Folk School but said West had earlier left
to engage in Socialist and Communist work in Georgia, North Carolina
and Kentucky.
' more!
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On Page 150 of the Senate Hearings Mr. Horton couldn't "remember" _
whether the above mentioned lildred White was a student at Highlander
Folk-School but said if she was "she was sent by a union, not by the .
Communist Party. We accept no students from the Communist Party and
never have."
Thereupon Ir. Horton, who now offers to be so co-operative with
the Legislature or Tennessee, grew so obstreperous at Senator Eastland's
questioning on Mildred White that the senator ordered the marshal to
eject Horton from the room. Page 151, Senate Hearings, larch, 1954!
"hove quotations are only a smell portion of the evidence
Printed in Congressional records up'to 1954.
~ ;
The Tennessee Legislature has the right and the duty to inquire
into more recent activities of Highlander Folk School, particularly
into the widely publicized meeting of the summer of 1957. This meeting '
has not yet been investigated. It was attended by a number of well-
known Communists, fe1lowtravelers, leftists, and well known agitators _
from points of friction in the South. l
The Tennessee Legislature has the right and duty to inquire whether
thr 1! I f92,I"|I'92At92+.{r'§'l hn+I'nQn nun_.-_. v .-- -v-Q--av-.'4,v wuuuuqu ygip
and incitements to disorder occurring at Clinton, Nashville, Little
I.. I 92 h 92 e
. 5
subject to prosecution for creating a
a threat to the peace and tranquility
Signed: -
Professor Donald Davidson, Vanderbilt
Chancelor Wayne Cox of Henry County
Bob Murray, Mayor of Huntington
District Attorney General Dave Hurray
Dr. John H. Aden of Vanderbilt Univers
D... 1' IFs.._ '|:g___._..__ l'I' II 92l____.92_..-I _4 n.e92__-_D911 J. e A1115, 1 DPIDBI V a D , I-HPSHHL DI. U108 OH
Bob Guinn, Contractor of Hardin Countypublic ndisan oe and constituting
oi Tenneseee.
University
of Jackson
ity
County
Roy Boyd, Clerk and Iaster of Tipton County
Dick German, District Attorney General
John McNail,=Gibson County Banker
Eiing J. Harris, Former State Senator92 of Crockett
or Herdsman County
A. 5. Inghram, President, Tennessee Federation, Iadison County
Frank Daniels, Lion Oil Executive of Jackson _
Henry Vaughn, County Clerk of Tipton
Q1! _T§I92QI P Q0-nave l"Y'|'|n'|nn¥92 AI EH; lHQvnv92'I- 'I'Qu'|'921'r4IQC U I U¬li§ Ll. LJQVHVQ ' 92lll92|ll| El-I 92I| LIT I'l§'.§llU' 513$-IJIL
W. E. Michaela, attorney and Author,of Sweetlater n
Dick Burrow, Jr., American Legion Anti
-Subversive Committee
C. C. Bradley, Insurance Executive of Nashville
' George Nolan, Manufacturer ofHashville _
Robert Hardee, Esq., lagistrate of Iadison County
John Sanford, County A,torney of Laude
' Robert Thomas, Attorney of Lauderdale
L. L. Dennis, Merchant of Tiptonrdale
Robert E. Lee Galimore, Former State Senator of Heakley. Dean Grooms, Former Speaker of the Senate of Ieakley-
I. H. Miles, Former State Senator of Obion .
Prentice Wynn, Lake County Land Owner
E. T. Palmer, layer of Dyersburg
Hugh Patten, Planter of Haywood
Ted Cunliffe, Secretary, Tennessee Federation, Iadison County
Charles Stanfield, Contractor of Jackson _
bRev. E. R. Warhurst of Jackson . .
C. W.'Hi1es, III, Attorney of Obion
John W. Hart, Attorney of Obion
R. D. Fry, Attorney of Obion
W. M. Allison, Banker of Lake County
Clay F. Wynn, Land Owner of Lake County
Rev. Wallace R. Terry, Nashville
' cheater Mason, Realtor.of Nashville '
Leonard B. Cash, Businessman of Nashville
Rev. Truman Rouse of Jackson
Steve Carter, Planter of Madison County
L. V, Dubose, Businessman of Fashville
Dr. Hughes Chandler of Jackson '
Travis Pegues, Planter of Madison County
Lloyd Harris, Ginner and Planter of Hardin
Dr. John Morris, Fayette ,' .
Virgil Luck, Ginner of Fayette
R. C. Ferguson, Planter of Henderson"1 . -
Jack Kerahas, Vice Chairman, Tennessee Federation, NashvilleI
-. _ . . l"¢_4.-L . .. » ' - . _*:--~'- '*'_______,__._ .._... --- -"-|.JnV:-L rl F ,
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lllighlanderPrel1e '
Measure Signedn 2 From Sholby To -
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|I14normclhvn
3 NASHVILLE. Tenn. - Gov.
,Buford Ellington today signed a
ljoim House-Senate resolutioncalling for on Lnvestignon 0!{the Highlander Folk School in
IG1-undy County.
' Shortly rmerivard, Senate
i5peaker Williarn_ D. Baird Ind
ll-louse Speaker James L. Bornar
{announced the appointment of a
five-man committee to conduct
lthc probe.
f Commilree members are Sens.
IBarlon Demon! of Murtreesbom.
|Law:-ence Huzhes of Arlington
and Reps. Alan Hanover of
Jviemphis. Carter Patten of
Cnmenooga and Harry Lee Sen-
iler of Bristol. all Democrats.
| "1 want "iii irlutsligalin ué
{reflect dignity on this body. as
lI am sure ll will." Bomar said.
"'5: should be ihoro and corn-
iplete."
l He directed the committee to
report its nding: at this su-
sion of lhe General Assembly.-
An appropriation ol $5000 Wu
;&pp.'092.':d to pay exmnsea oi ti-ii
Iinvesugation.
i The resolution alleged thlt{subversive activities have been
inenlered around the interracial
lschool in past years.I Myles Horton. dineof of theieohool, has denied any Cor-nmu~
"hint link and called lot 1 full
'in92'¬$tignti0n. _iirHERE
DA»l,92>l
MEMPHIS PRESS-SCIMITAR
MEMHIR, TEN ESSEF
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- / ' en e l9 e 5'4' s-~~eQ-er- <§4S§%i5T'e-r;ii_92
4-753 I2-7-79!
I{DeIeted under exemptioms! :_@__ t?____._t_t_t___7_t._
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xxxxxx
xxxxxx
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
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-.__a with no segregable
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Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listt-d in the title only.
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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. Ono or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
with no segregable Deleted under exemption s! _,, ,_.. _ ___ _____
material available for release to you.
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Document s! originating with the following government agericwties! * ____ _i _ _
is o __ WWW _ _ was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you.
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r5£.r_»1£_ //92/£4 _jL§,_ttéJe:_tZ-t't-*' //fitéé _
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V .I _,.__.ALL II;92'F'1l!gii.iI}TKLp: yHEREN s 5-- DAIE..ajE;LBY
_i " ,; ' .;¢:.w;r/Tlear
Your letter of February 16, 1959, .....pt..;e- ._tf V '
received, I appreciate your enclosing the copy oi the 1* =.-1'item on m der £oLk_.8chnnL___. - - I - ..
_ - p - _Whi1eIIuu1d1iketobeo£service, the function.
oi this Bureau as strictly a tact-gathering agency does not ' e
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Publications or organizations. Supplying data of the type you -.
ra'§uested,tu efiect, would constitute an approval or disapproval
oi',§'ne group you named; therefore, I am unable to answer your
inqulry. I hope you will not infer in this regard that we do or dtgnot have in our files the information you desire. - .. -
' - I Sincerely yours, H
_ _ ,;. 15,. _ ._» - J! Edgaqg T, I K. . ._ _ _ J ,1 1 -Indiana lis g_- Enclosure "5 , - .»->*__ _ I.1 4 e 2., 5' . ~ »6 92 - _ ..__ 1- . _ .,. ._ __ _ _~ . -___ '-- .-A-.__1, - -;.»}».1M»§1_,-J N !'1*E; not identifiable in Bufiles. We ha?E received nnumber of copies oi the item hefencloeed 92f'i1i§h deilgs 3-ft; rinterracial school in Ten.nesa¢B- ' '~= "'3' '_ - J .__
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'- ..§c=-;-.~~_' . I - _ . . .5*3e""- '"~-- Transmit the followlnq in W H -__ .' " Y ',-"__;;'"._5i=_E {Type in plain lest or code! T -~ I - ,-
- . , I .. . . I. - ._, .' . . -1 -- _-_. ~ . /_ Vic AIRTEL f AIRIIAIL I " - ' , ~- I"
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-13;-;1_: ' Q _ i_ I I _ _ - J .4! ea*"92.'-"v7';".;f HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHJOL, ' I
-"' . MONTEAGLE, TENNESSEE Ix iv.,_. _:;...,,'.,
é I S - _ - I:
5», 1» I - "2. *I~ - I» I I
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r,*'92' Re Knoxville airtel to Bureau, dated February 13, .- -1,; , '
,1 1959 . I I " I * -I-.-h-' . . ' - ' ' "I - V" ' . ' I .1 '1' -Ir ". : I I_..;.~
}Ej%$ There is submitted herewith one copy of neys article.,3¢§§; entitled "Probe of School Opens Saturday", which appeared in the
i"_?1 February 20, 1959, issue of the Chattanoo a Times. The article IQéég reflects thst District Attorney General J. M. McCARTT of Wartburg,Z*J%§ Tennessee, will serve as counsel for the investigating committee. IS§§%E 1% W =1 9292. / ' I 3I. »I,_.' GEARTY, -I .
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i 0PEN§iT_URDAY
Q isit to Traci City ls First
Order of Business for
0. Hinhlanrier SilldvI . . .,, ........... _._,
J ind e
' i e from Cltsttanooss Tim: llrcsl
, NASI-IVILLE-The Legisla-
1 tore: select committee to inves-
tigate the Highland Folk School
, decided Thursday to make I-
. visit to Tracy City early Batu!-
. day to begin its inquiry.
1 The committee decided against
a visit to the adult educational
institution _et Monteagle, and
the plan was reported to involve
discussions several Grundy
County residents who claim to
have information about the
ischool.
This rst major step in the
.committee inquiry came after
Dist. Atty. Gen. J. M. Mccartt
of Wartburg agreed to serve as
general counsel without compen-
sation. . ; . '
McCartt, a Republican, was
r e tai ned by the committee,
which is composed of ve Dem-
It ocrats.
I-lopton to Assist
Tn another development, W. E.
.{Bud! Hopton, director ot the
Tennessee Bureau of Criminal
-Identication, agreed to supply
agents to assist in the inquiry.
I-Ioptons agents are expected
to visit Monteagle and other
|points tn that vicinity over theiweel-tend and draw up a list ofiprospective witnesses for theicommittee to question in its rstpublic hearings here next
The agents will submit names,
and the committee will issue br-
The committee met briey
.during' the morning for a dis-
cussion 0! materials already in
its hands but McCartt tailed to
arrive in time for this session.
So another meeting was held;..- __, _ . _._ _ . -__, _»~._,.__ . .:e .. .. , _ . . _ , . ,.A__,_..n st 92- - " 1
ii
ders for the witnesses to report.
.1.I 1 '_1'... - _ _ _r ... ___. _.,l ._ --- __v____-;._ »_';;.;__- -.=-',;,..-i;-.;_;_.| ;;. . '.i-_: r -»~__92 ,92".-_";.'-j'g_"_l. _¥. ;?_.1'-.~5- -. t ._'-_-Q", __-..~_ , i O.924-. hfz. ,_* ._x, 15. L-:"1--.1-.'-,-,-_»'_. I--t-."-_ < '.,~-;L-2' ;. .'-_..~-.-_..I.g_ _,:,;-_'__._ -. _i-;;_' 1- __
* "_75"PR0i§E0FSGH00L lElizabeth Hawes, Jsines D015-
browaki, Rupert Hampton and
Malcolm Qll-ilolni, , -
Chlsolm was described by
comrnitbee member as a former
Ohattanoogs. resident who died
fighting for the loyalists in the
Spanish civil war in 1935-36." The visit to Tracy City was
proposed as an informal pra-
ceeding during which explor
ducted.
.
I ~
later in the day for I. further-92_
review of this material, which;
consisted largely of pamphlets,
newspaper clippings and trans-
cripts of testimony from fed-
eral agencies and congressional
committees which had had a
look at the racially integrated
school in times gone by.
The committee has obtained a
certied copy of the school's
charter, which was issued by
the secretary .0! state in 1934.
It autherizespperattoh or a non-
profit corporation tor ."adult
worker education, training of
rural and industrial leaders and. ALL !NFORiiAT!ON CONTMEEDtory operations will be c 9211
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CHAT Tia-i.;>
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HEREIN i3 UHCLASSIFIED
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" 92 .-
Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
Director .
The Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, D. C. '
Dear Mr. Hoover,
,@7c.
Fifteen professors at Sewanee have been under
fire locally _ for supporting the
Highlander Folk School durin an investi ation b _#_ln__m__mmH""m_____ 8 S Y
-5'13gieia£1%E"Ea5n1££3eor the State of Tennessee.
The Charleston News and Courier has written numerous
editorials attacking Highlander and the professors for
stating their belief that the schooI.is not communist.
The editorials have been most abusive in the criticism
of the professors, and I feel that the newspaper editor
woulk like to have these professors disassociate them-
selves from the Highlander investigation or be removed
from their positions at Sewanee.$76. <1
You no doubt handle thousands of requests like
this one, but I feel that in defence of a cherished
institution, the University of the South, I should
seek your advice. I would find it very helpful if
anything could be made available to me that has been or
could be made public concerning the status of Highlander
Folk School so far as the Federal Bureau of Investigation
is concerned. I have long heard that Highlander has
been investigated by your great agency of our government.
I have also heard that the State Department routes
visitors to the Tennessee area there.Q!
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hLLiIiFORMATION commmzog .=¢..==,-.1,,mr'.,
f _- Jo Edgar Hoover
DATE Y iEL.BY. ' ...- - 1" .* :~ .. .,- :--- "»= 17. . * ',-' . . ~ -..<_92 .~'.- }'-.-.7 -,92"1 ' :2 -.'<".c- -1.- '. -L =1 "
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~. 92
' ' ' . . V 1- -. J
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_ r_ _b. .1 _,1_ -- -- ' _ _- -4. _ 1 -.' ' .
Year letter dated ll:-eh 5, 1959, he been - '
received and your tntereet and colleen in tile latterare Indeed appreciated. - n '" '
_- wa -
Ihtle I Iould like to be of eeruiee, l net ..advtee that infer-natten in the file: of thte Bureau tomaintained le confidential lad available for efftetal _-use only tn looondanee Iith I regulation of the '
nepartnent ef Juettee. I regret, therefore, thatI an unable to be ef aletetanee to you. .
I an eure you I111 Inderetend the leceeettm,for this pol toy and will net tnr because of lay Qinability to be ef aeatetance t t II do er de no -have -in our files the information yea deetrn '
.. , -. ' .
.9<:-IE8; 5; ,__. 5| John Idgar Ieeier
, _ W _, ,___ Director-°n. .~ 1. 1. :2.-~".! "~ _- ' . " .* "~» **=..;*» .MAILED ' - - " " 1»2° ' ' ?':.: 4 Q.?92-.-"'; .?~A-'?192.""?A ' .. _ ; . 'I_7l' Y $'%<~:~:'gT,.I "--1».1 - Savannah E'nc1oau'r~e!=- See note," page §'.!b,_' '92>?_;_.I.'¢ »;'.;Q=.@ <1. .
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_ A EN I -_ Sdds, Savannah and Knoxville um iii} 5 H is}_ . . . ._- r ,. -, . _ . . __ ___, _ _ , _; .! 7. : 1
Enclosed is a copy of the csrrespondent's @_ I. "
communication. Bufiles contain no identifiable datah -' -
h concerning the correspondsnt._* @.-},f*--j>f- *=;=>%'- r
_ For the information of the Savannah Qfice, _;
the Highlander Folk School at Hbnteagle, Tennessee,7--*
reportedly is supported primarily by donations of
individuals and labor unions in the form of payments
for students attending its courses. It ojybrs courses _
of instruction in labor organizations, social economics,Y$
and general field of labor ducation. It has had CommunistParty members on its stqf£;nd has accepted communists _'
as students. However, it as never offered courses qf "*'instnzction in communism nor has the Commu sELParty ever .succeeded in gaining control of the schoolii _e to its ,
interracial character, it has been the subgecttqf numerous
allegations that it represents the headquarters gf communism
in East lennessee. These allegations have never been_ 1- .
substantiated. The Bureau has in the past conducted an --»
_,__-investigation of the school and its qficials based upon.
complaints qf communist activities at the school. Much
of the subversive derogatory information concerning thQ_J
school was later repudiated by the persons previously '
- furnishing the information. i; 5; @.,4.s§E»,. _;;§$§5¢»; 5 ' . l 4 |-- - . . .. .1 .. ' , _ _ _ . ,___ ._ > _ _ . .. , .. I . . _' - ,_ _ _ . ___ __ __, ,_ . 1 _| . .. ' ' _ 92.. » ,-- -- ' - - = ' " " q ' - ' V:' ._. - ' _.,. ,- _- . »- .-. . ' .'-.- ' _ '. ~ P - - _ , _, - 1.--T. ¥ _ s
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.* I F, 1 ..*1e lchoo1_in recent years has been
criticized by the Georgia Commission on Eucation and kffet
the Commission has_given wigs circulation of a four: -g 9292
* page folder on the school relating to a Labor Day,» _ ~-j 7- A
195?, meeting. The Bomnission refers_to it as a »*.~=j,.{
i communist training school. Qn January 28, 1959._the , _ 45n- - " '- = - r". -K i.. .~. -- -~ _ __ .... g___._,_-.,| '.'_,,~1 ._ 1,.-92-__~_,g J-V,-.._, .-__¢.-;--V__ .92-1-V A - -9 '- -;___ '7 I - " ".' . .-'~..92-.~-,-'f;= 11-T»-:f .~- ~--';- .-; ~- - , . - - i_ 92 '- -' | . . . --1 "-_ r.__--.,_;-----*.;',_--: .,:- -'. 1'. -~'-.'. " .- - -92 ,- ~. __ , 92,, V , 92__ _ , ; _.._. _ 92 . :_ ..>__. _ . ___ ._ _ I-92..,_.... 1 . _ ;...+ ._,,_,___.,,L_____,___M_ . M ; , i ._ , _._,_ __ H ,_v. E -' * i 92, J: ' "* """"""*"" -' jv r--*-**- - _,.»
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_. ._ 3' u . 3;»:' 7.? _
88 W P8111. ..--
;;~%Q§' ennessee State Legislature passed a-resolution ~ §- f 1 QA-W e ' if" 2 appointing a committee to investigate_commani§t;: g
<3 . _ _?..w92 activities at the school. an _- _ n
*"**i:i . The above is jurnished,for your information. ,_ ,_
Savannah and KnorviI1e_Qfioesaare cautioned to'bec»dv%?
t circumspect in the handling of inquiries oonoenni;_; -Mthe Highlander Iblk School and be certain the *'Y" i
in this controversy.§<r - -*3% " i The
mos
ing
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eau does not become involved
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on rELLor- * *'-' *=" T,H._;" _' ,_,-4 .. .~-P1. -. i "r 1 " = '' -9 :~-|., ._ . 1 N, *_» .-.-._
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i~ fire_for supporting the Highlander§;; _ ;§Q§"f§§§§51k School during an investigation by legislative committeer - HQ7?"T~1J%f the State of Tennessee. Being concerned with the me1{- _
and protection "ey the University of the South,he inquires whether the Bureau can furnish nzE§§§[;¬$;f§§§§§§$¬? which can be made_pub1ic concerning the st' <*7'?'.&???"$¥5? .H+gh1ander Fblk School insofar as the FBIS, ;q~wa@e$3gi? _<, _ ; ,,_,_ _ ,g_ g. Hg _ oer: I ;_ gg
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~ .- .- .-. -: 2 " ' " - " ' .':. '; 92< _-" " 1. .- . .- - . .,- -a. ." 1- " '.' .. _. . 1 _ I - "'-I_§- "" In view qf the ertrekelp controversial ; *3-~ F;
r Folk SehooI,tlaepaet¢- -
Georgia Commieaion of =11"
recent'investigatioh by 92_
eaaee State Legislature,-.
a files confidential reply will beat aejue fohe, nature of the Highldnde
-.attacka upon it by the
- Education and the moat
a committee of the Tenn
Bureau '8 inte rest
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M78/
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Dear Sirrz~/.
We understand that the Fedgél Bxreau of Investigation
hat made an investigation of the _k'Iighlanc_i§_;_-_£o_lk Schog]. at
Honteagle, Tennessee. As an agency of the Knoxville Minis-
terial Association and concerned citizens of Tennessee, we
are anxious to have all pertinent inforzration which you are
able to give us relative to this school.
There have been widespread accusations of disloyalty
directed against the Highlander School. We feel that if
these accusations are founded in fact, we as citizens and
leaders of our churches need to know it; and if they are not
founded in fact, we wish to be in a position to presdnt to 'I
the public the true picture.
Respectfully yours,
-J42,
l-92'*"- .
ALL INFORMATION 0%!/-921r~1E0 Rm 23 /6!SifNCLABS$ é_/- 757/ lg $L.7 94 I " _' fail---...
: MAR 4/71959
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h ALL INFORMATION £.2»1!T.!~.!I"*I1-'3 - -
Haame "s UNCLASSiFiED- ,nmml 3 W BY gi%@i» ;¬'2=:._» ""in , |
' ° Your letter dated nrenii-Q1959, hoe _ f.
been received and the active which proapted your - - '
communication ie indeed appreciated.
- ~ _ 1 I
e ' Ihile I would like to be of aeoietance,
the function of the PB! cc a fact-igathering agency-
doeo not extend to furnichfng evaluation: or -. -:§____- Q
conmente concerning the character or integrity of _l '
any individual, organization or publication. -
Furthermore, information in the filee of thin - 1 -
Bureau ie naintained ac confidential and available -
for official uee only in accordance with a regulation
t J'Juetice. I regret, therefore, of the Departaen o
that I an unable to comply with your regueet for ~ "
!.7I,»,fQl'l!JQ§iQ1!~e~-. .1. . _ _ 92 _ , _
I an eure you will uncieretand the neceeeity - "for this policgaand will not infer from uxninability "to be of aoeie nee that we do or do not we in our n _ _'
filee the inforaation you deeire. .7 1 ; -. o
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' f . :: *' ~ -' . 2 1 :'. . _ VI -* -~92.=-...-"e-~-|- ~ , e. _- . __ _"- _ UTEGEET Hoovu.i " F; I , ' * John r oom W. . . _ M l COM.1_-_!_!'__m_§I - _ A I E' if - Knoxville fenezosurg! _.S'E'E' non, 1=AeE¬l%"-"¢- .' 11
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., t Enclosed is a copy of correspondent's letter.
Bufiles contain no.identifiab1e data concerning the V 1
corres ondent and no dero ator r t
Former Assistant to
spoke before this sssociation
The
is well known
a
o .The
only..1 _- _. -
Highlander Iolh
to your office./4 W1-~ °"
the Director L. B. Nichols _
F" 19~3'?- 94-1-ezso! ~.
School, yonteagle, Ienneoooe,
.. _- ___ ~ _.
above data is jurnished,for your information
NOTE ON YELLOF: . . e
' lhe gighlanderelolh School has been the subject"
of numerous allegations that it is a communist school and
the headquarters of communism in east Tennessee, due e
primarily to its interracial character. These allegations
have never been substantiated. It has been given wideW _
no-1.1-1'44-Ls. Ln -{LA no--Q!-in :1---.8;-J_-. __ '|:1.-l....~..|..:-_ ...92_.1'_:. -JJIJU-I.il.vIUU Uy U155 L1"UUlyi92-I hlillbbli UH .l5ULiUUDl-UH lllfll-Cf}
issued a pamphlet chargimrit is a communist training--
school. On January 28, 1959, the Tennessee State Legislature
passed a resolution appointing a committee to investigate
the school. -1-7511! .»y -§_
In view of the extremely controversial nature of
this school, the past attacks upon it by_the Georgia _,
Commission on Education and the_pending'inquiry by the:~? =
Tennessee Stote Legislature, the above reply is believed en-
iibest serve the purposes of the Bureau; *.;~,;-; .;.g w
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BAG, "+tu~'~rw+ _ _ I April 29, 1959
K .lilacs; iii ' aw q Q e
When hww In Wiwhi-new-1 ohe talked with Assisgt Director C. U. Deloach dnd indicated that hewas interested in iii ighlander Fol: school at .92"i0DtEat51t-:, Tennessee. £7;
ll is desired that you contact on a highly confidential basis ,-
and advise him that this school has been the GULUECI Ht 4 great deal oi '-4 ekJt"92l'l'I I I _ II I H"92_,_.e--;s
76/
controversy.
You may teilthst -the school ..~£iers C£"lt.*i8¬'a .é7.__/_'__:_
oi instruction in social economics, labor O1'53.Ll&I.lOli and labor c1§it..L4§.l.1i..
Furthermore, it has had Communist {arty members on it.s.stai't E16 has
accepted communists as students. It should be pointed out, however, thst
th C " 'e ommunlst Party has never succeeded in galfllllg; control 0 the schoolnor does the school otter courses at instruction in i*o:1:munminf-QM ;-iew Q.
oi its interracial character, there have been man! alié_glU0llB oat it ~
represents the hesdqunrters of communism. in caster: Tennessee. " Fins 92'92
allegation has never been substantiated. 1;
92H
92
92
It should be pointed out to that ll'l recent *5! ' -'"'
years, the school has been severely criticized by the Georgia Commission
on Education, and the Commission has given wide circulation ct a four-
page {older relating to a Lsbor Day meeting in 1967.
Attached are Photoetats ot some items which you may make é?available to_ They include the lollowing: ! 3 Photostat oi s 5-_
ciioping from The Chattanooga Times, February 20, 1959; ! a Photostat t
oi the shove-inentionecl paper put out by the Georgia Commission on Education, 3
and 8! s Photostst oi t an sr icle from The Chattanooga Times for Februsry ll, '
1059. You should advise the Bureau oi the results oi your contact with
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f31-' -._' ~:
.,f;'_;___;__j_-,_92=~¢= 21-. ; ___,_. F:-=_ .v:_-...___ 4 ,%%%§% OFFICE MEMORANDUM
Ii
#3#5
FROM ' AC, Memphis 1-34!
-',-Oh?
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I-SUBJ CT: HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
I IS = C
Knoxville Origin
Transmitted herewith is a letterh
ing information obtained on a confideu -.» I-as-:2I1
/
1/
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ALL COPIES REGISTERED MAIL
¬-C;-:1 I,/-'-"-..92 '
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2- Knoxvi11e1-12! encl.-2! -
I - At1anta info! encl.-1! -I
- Boston info! encl.-1! 1-XV* i Chicago info! encl.-1! 1-
3"Q - Da11as info! encl.-1! 1-
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ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED _ I O wt
4-750 -7-79! . if: XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the file. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
j/[!eleted under exem tiontsl L 7 '29 l with no segregabie
E]
D
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material available for release to you.
Information pertained only to a third party with no reft-roiit-e to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third |!nrt92. Your imnie is listed in the title only.
Documentlsl Originating with the f'ollowin,r_§ governnient net-ne92'lil~s! a ..__._ V
_ _n_,___________________________ , vi-:1.»-/92»921-re f'oi'9292-carded to them for direct response to you.
Pagelsl referred for consultation to tho following government agene_92' i¬5l; -
M ____ ___ _~___ ___ _________ ___ £15 the iiifomiatioii originated with them. You will
pon retum of the niaterial to the FBI. K92n_ n.-I-An.-1.-I nf an-allut, Q92.lV!OL92.-I u: uvuii
Page s! withheld for the following reasonisli
For your information:
{T;et'ollo'92:v1in.g'_I_1t1rr|iber ig-5 ed. fo§_ref'ere}ic'e regarding these pages:
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'_ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
'- _._ ' rsnsmu. roams or INVESTIGATION
' Post Office Box 9&8
I R'Pl"'H' '°Rd" Savannah, Georgia
7 June 8, 1959
5ib
Mr. Cartha D. DeLoach
Assistant Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Washington, D. C.
Dear Deke:
I have had our files checked on the John's
Island branch of the Highlander Folk School, and
I hope that the attached information will be of
help.
' As you know, the Bureau has instructed that
we are not to get involved in any controversy
relating to the Highlander Folk School, and no
investigation of it is to be conducted.
l 47°Enclosure gum upjw, 1.-.»4@~ /
_"_-122' /75;;-,2rx 92§¥Jc?$§§$ ;g,1B Q :;,_¢nF¢ f?$¬!Sincerely,
» n, ' 1'1 JUN 23 S992 ="ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED___...- o
HEREIN! U'JCLASSlFlED Q 521%»A gi,
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Voting, Joint Committee Activity, Transportation, Housing,
Parks and Action Through Churches". It was not known _
whether the riments" ohn's Island had relation
to these work
The following article captioned "Classes#Mf'"
Here Sponsored by Folk School", by OT PERKINS, appeared in"' """
the News and Courier, a daily newspaper blished in Charleston,
South_Car0lina, on March ll, 1959:
"Interracial Higand Folk School,
which has been under investigation in Tennessee,
has sponsored citizenship classes among Charleston
County Negroes for the last two years. C *92
"The latest of such classes was
completed on John's Island last Thursday. Similar
classes -all plugging registration and voting --
also have been held on Edisto Island and Wadmalaw
Island.
"Reports of the classes had been
rumored here for sometime. Their operation was
verified yesterday by the man who helped set them
Up,
"He is Esaw Jenkins, a soft-spoken,
mild-mannered Negro leader of John's Island.
Jenkins, who missed formal educa-
says there's nothing secret or ulterior
his own brand of private education. He
the impression, himself, of being educated,
grew from private tutoring as an adult.tion,
about
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citizens, he told this reporter on the island last
night. The main thing is to teach them voting.
We want them to understand new to rote intelligently.
, We teach them what they ought to know so that when
they go down there to register there won't be any
embarrassment,'
"The robust Negro leader spoke as he
sat in the rear seat of an automobile in front of
Wesley AME Church about nine mibs northwest of
Charleston on River Road.
"Strangely, not a single white person,
including the county school superintendent or even
officials of the Islands Citizens Councils, had '
any direct knowledge the Negro adult classes were
being held.
"Jenkins, an honor member of the
National Assn. for the Advancement of Colored People,
said he long had been interested in the Negro people
of John*s Island, where he grew up.
"He said he heard about the Highlander
School and its operation sometime before the classes
were set up. -
"In 1955, two white girl students
of the Tennessee school came to Charleston. They
sat with Negroes to observe court procedure.
They were admitted integrationists.
"Jenkins recalled they visited his
John's Island home while here. He said also that
Myles Horton, founder and director of Highlander
Folk School, had visited in Charleston County.
Horton last was here about a year ago, Jenkins said.
"Jenkins said he approached Highlander
on setting up adult classes here.
"Highlander personnel, according to
reports, came here and set up the school and then
left them to local leadership. Jenkins said the
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'1teacher at John's Island is Bernice Robinson, ;L;;la
who is paid by the foundation through ighlander »"
Folk School. He says the teachers at Wadmalaw a
and Edisto Islands also apparently work under the
same arrangement. -
1 "She declined to discuss details
of the operation last night, saying such would
have to come from Highlander. The arrangement
by which teachers are paid and the number of
students enrolled also are available only through
Highlander records at the school's Monteagle,
Tenn., headquarters, she said.
"The class sessions, which last
about three months for each group of students,
are held two hours nightly in a building formerly
owned by the John's Island School District. The
property was purchased by Jenkins, who also operates
a grocery store in front of the structure housing
the classroom,
"Subjects, besides voting, include
reading, writing and sewing, Jenkins reported.
He said several men and women students can neither
read nor write. Some progress well, be added.
"Jenkins teaches the voting classes,
which are held in conjunction with the Palmetto
State Voters Assn. The association meets each
Monday night. Its purpose, like that of the
classes, is to promote Negro registration and
voting.
"Students of the classes and persons
attending the association meetings, are given sample
South Carolina voter registration application blanks.
The forms are explained point-by-
point and line by line. We also try to teach them
the meaning of some of the words, Jenkins said.
"The next classes will be held in
December, Jenkins said. He explained that they
are held for the period of December through Feb-
ruary because no farming is being done during that
gsriod.
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"Many or the people attending tne
classes, one John's Islander reported, are com-
pletely illiterate. They come in from remote
sections. Some of them never have seen the city,
he explained. They have no idea what's going on
outside their section.
"Jenkins, in answer to a question,
said he didn't believe Horton of the controversial
Highlander school is a communist. Jenkins said
Horton never did or said anything as far as he
knew to indicate he was a Red.
"The school has been accused of
harboring subversive elements and of being a
breeding ground for agitators. It faces the loss
of its charter as a privately operated institution
as a result of the investigation by the Tennessee
T130 9:1 2111171:-2an-n-¢> H + w v Q-0
"'We dontt believe in violence,
Jenkins said of his association. We tell our
people to be respectful. This thing integration!
can't be done over night. It's a revolution.
There's no use of us fighting over it. He said
the Highlander school hadn't suggested the classes
as a tool of integration.
"Jenkins owns, besides the grocery,
a restaurant in Charleston and some buses, He is
a leader of the Wesley Church.
"He says he hopes to start a Negro
housing project on the island -- to get Negroes out
of shacks.
'"Maybe that would serve as an example
and they'd try to build better houses, he commented
Jenkins says he believes in teaching by example. H
has put three children through college, and has one
child in high school and another in grammar school.
He says he hopes other Negroes will do likewise."
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Branch of the Highlander Folk ; _
h ALLINFORMATlONhCONTAIlIED
__ HEREIN IS-hhU'iZ¬5.;i.ASSlFIED" |1ATE_]_92I§4_~3 =* BY avjaggrg!mun; with éL4SJ' - MAJ
JUN2 2 1959CQMM-FBI 47 C/
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H:--",-'-7 ' -7- -V ~ -""f" ""._ ,.;_ ;.. _,,_,?,_,:,_,__,_._:,_,_ ,1 [ - ._}'_!;._ Qice - UNITE] - Vi IVERNMENT
,,.. _--
'_.'4.' '_.-92921 = Director, FBI 1-12! .° ' 8/11/59
éwki .
SAC, Knoxville 1-12! 4
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vIJ=¢r= '=0HIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
IS - c
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-1}.-_ 'fr'- 'hixpgé Enclosed are two copies of newspapergggg; clippings appearing in The Chattanooga Times,§%@%9Q yf a daily publication, Chattanooga, Tennessee, on%§§§§% , August 2, 1959, page 1, concerning this school.
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-..,rm,mh3 p . T3? ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED --~ HEREIN |s NCLA5?S§;4*'lD , / DATEQQIQ BYg»??? If c9 ¬E§3 A
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ta preliminary hearing next
.sion charge. "h....e men, !'é1¢Yreau of Criminal ldentiiicationq
county deputies and--nnwrs 0!
the highway patrol. J ,_. L _ ..___ f». N . U
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1 SchoolBeing Prepared
-late ea; night from 5 j92,s&
the peace at his home,
_ and state officers led
'by Dist. Atty. Gen. A. F. Sloan
raided the controversial igh-tice Of
...»-..-.:yI or Los Angelesf Guy Hughesf 1 if-Carawan Art 32. I-lso of Losi1 l Angeiesf an entertainer with,
i D Amllsome renowrnas a folk singeri 192 |92n|y and musician, and Ferry Hac-
P3[ll0Cl Petition Against The men, as well as others at
After Whisky FOUl1il lworkshops conducted by the insti-
Special Io The Chottnnoosa Times 1 gm-mg advocacy or racial integra-: MONTEAGLE, Tenn.---Armed don. -
, with search warrants obtained" Atty, G-en. Sloan said the pad-
r.'~-aa .. ' - H. ,1 _s. -' 'Brent Eughe*'§s;kadg1:,,,, 22.
Kay-aturges, 84, _ Shelter Island, 5Heights, NIY. L, , ,-pr» J ll}; .i
the school, had been participatlngi
in an; oi the regular summer,
tution which has admitted its
rock petition against the school
would be presented to Circuit
Judge C. C. Chattin. explaining
that the school then would have
tive says 11> appear in win! endii
lander Folk School near here
land broke up s. banquet attend-
ed by 30 or more Negro couples
Sloan disclosed Saturday that
e was prepang a padlo ketition against, the school, noe presented in court wi' is ncxi. few days." -1 Mrs. Septima P.%lark, 1,
{who identified herself as di-
lrector of education at the
ischool, was placed under ar-
're.st after officers discovered
,quantities of whisky and ginion the property. =
Three young men. who re-
,p::rtedly interfered with the of»,
-ficers in their efforts to take
-Mrs. Clark into custody, also
were arrested and taken to the,
Grundy County jail in Alta-1
mont. p
, Bel%s% ;-.=-. %nd - iiand several white persons. illi
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IH issued, it would be directed to the;answer the Detiiion. ]H e attorney general sai his: Lecu on in all likelihood? guild
S Pr no Eleven, Column noi l;, -i-..__..-_-ass-.l.rs.Jiw-L
A RESTED IN Riilo
' From Page One 1
l. .also include a request for an or-
der that the charter oi Highlanderbe revoked. If such an order were
lino grounds of the school, but,
secretary oi state. ;
A. legislative lnvestlg'a'tlngL
committee earlier this year con-F
eluded its probe or the schoolmg s oo or or.
leaders from throughout the na-i "
tion, but especially in the South,
and has pushed openly for a
speed-up in school integration in
the Southern states. Most oi;
the seminars and workshops all
Highlander are operated on an-llitegrated basis.
Charges that the school hasi
Communistic leanings were ex-
plored rather thoroughly by the
iegllatlve committee, several
members of which felt that the
ultra-liberal positions of High-
lander officials place them in
the class of "left-wingers." Hor- .
ton and others on the staff have
denied -repeatedly any Commu-
nist connections and the inv
tig tors failed to turn up
re proof to support the char .|
'1 committee, however, E
re mmend that the schoo s1
st us .as a tax-exempt inst!-i
tution he ended and its charter
revoked. ' ~ i
Should Judge Chattin sustaini
the attorney generals pIea_ for
padlocking the school,-the order
would remain in effect until thel
October term oi! circuit court
when another hearing would be:
scheduled on the question of
making the order per-rnanent.
Sloan said Saturday that hehad no intention of denying lesidentlal use oi"the homes on
at his petition, if granted;
ould prohibit their continuedli
so as gathering places and sites
or the institution: regular op-Niv!-ligieiander Folk so».-anmany years has be s21-11-ran ch lab1
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4lATiIlGilLANDER
- --_----.'-1' --1 go. .--
School Being Prepared
p AfterVVhhky Found
. n___
l spmdi to The clidudndooe rm
-iraiiled the controversial High-_
liiander Folk School near here-l and broke up a banquet attend-I er the petm°n- _ ii;
iecl by 30 or more Negro coupl The attorney gene ! and Ii
'and several white persons. J
l Sloan disclosed Saturday that
[he was preparing 1 padlgck
lpetition against the school, to
ihe presented in court "within
tin; next few days.
. 313.. S>epl.im& P. Clark, B1,
i-av identified herself as di.
re lor of education at the
fscnool, was placed uncle ar».
i!'CS!. 8.fl.EI' officers dincuvergd
quantities of whisky and giniion the property,
Thrr-e young men, who re-.
.poriedly interfered with Lhe of-1
-more in their efforts to tsicel
iivno. Cine into custody, also
nerd arrested and taken to the
ilflrllndy County jail tn Alta-
imont.
l .Released on Bond
. .-til were released early sot-i
iurday morning after postingi
icesh bonds for appearance atARRESTED IN Hill!
Padlock Petition Against? - 'N'Y'
o L-~ nan. Atty. Gen. A. F. sioon.-1" -¥° 9- Q Ch° l"- °*P"" 1"K'-. I . _'-- - ,'~ -- .1 -I -i_; "5- -.=-.-1-'__,_ 1 ., ;__ __=,-.- .1,. - *::" '15.". if :/i--.-.~. __ t _ -' £';~_;- .2.-!;_'5_ =_
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. - - Pi
*3;-'ent fxlfllghlander Fol 7§c_hool lor
el Y 8'
32 also of Losilmg-eles, an entertainer with
some renown as a folk smger
' d musician, and Perry Hac-iltriay Sturges, 34, Shelter Island
The men. as well as others stl
.l.n one of the regular summer
workshops conducted by the insti
I
l,Itice or the peace at his home,
that the school then would have
x-e days to appear in court andlithe school, had been participating
l
tution which has admitted its .
l MONTEAGLE, TEnn.Al'll'1Bd.5tr°n§ ldvwcy of rlwlal inleirrw iwith search warrants obtainedI'i'U-° - ' . Ihate F;-may night from l J-uh: Atty. Gen. Sloan said the pad-lloci: petition against the school
iC0lkI'Ii'.} and state officers lediwould be Pla91'lt9d -0 Ci1"¢l1 _l
ii
I
poniioo in all likelihood" wo
See Page Eleven. Column 0
MET HIGHLANDER i1|. DI,C"II.1'I"t tar n ainl4 tlbbdl DI! [IV If u_ I I"ronila-lg; Doe i,, _..__ -also include a request for I qr.
der that the charter oi! Highlander
be revoked. If such an order wen:
issued. it would be direcled to the
secretary or state. Q
-5- legislative investigating"
committee earlier this year eon-
cluded its probe of the lchool
by urging action leading toward 'i
revocation or the charter.
' loan said he would charge in.
his padlock petition that the
school I8 "public I'l1]i3]'_|QQ" gm] _*8 enresmz in law violations by
possessing and serving whisky.
and other intoxicating hevgrq-3;.
In a dry county. i.
Ml'$- cl-lfk. an elderly Negro
woman. was the only school 9115.. la preliminary hearing nexti
lTi'lUf5d5»¥ at 4 p.m. in Alta-':. . __ I Q924I_1IIh92II92II L_l____ £1-..:_-'ii-ml-., yicauniiuuly uclulc squire
_. . .. Wright, who issued
1 the search warrants. ii his fl;-nj[y_ M_|-5_ Clark told oi-u !
she was in charge in Horton: ab-
sence.1 Mrs. Clark: bond was set
at $500 on the whisky posses-fsion charge. The men, released lmston ma" Gmnd count K i Y she -goodoi bond or $250 each oniin; Kenneth Shelt:in_ woiiiiom:lcharges of-dnunlnqgness, lnf!f?L!!'Pl!'!luotCr'iminalIdentif ' -'ifcng with officers and resist-|¢° ntY deputies and emrs or iiinz arrest, _1ye_re identified asiihg--1-h "3' Pt"°1- 7 * - ' * 1!cm Present when the raiding!
Party lrrived late ruddy ngln.
Miller Horton. director or the
school. reportedly is abroad with
Jllling Sloan in the raid Herel
I
l
iEleaders from throughout the na-
tion, hut especially in the South
and has pushed openly tor a
speed-up in school integration in
the Southern states. Most ot
the seminars and workshops at
Highlander are operated on an
integrated basis. '
Charges that the school has
Communlstic leanings were ex~
plored rather thoroughly by the
legislative committee, several
members of which telt tiat the
ultra-liberal positions of High-
lander officials place them in
the class or "left-wingers." Hor-
ton and other: on the :t=1£ have
denied repeatedly my Commu-
nist connections-and the inv -
tigators failed to turn up y
re pi-oot_.to support the cha e.
Th committee. however, id
re mmend that the sch l'|
st us as a tax-exempt insti-
tu n be ended and its charter
revokld. -
Should Judge Chattin sustain
the ettomey general: plea tor
padlocking the school, the order
would remain in ee-ct until the
October term of cirill 001l1't
when another hearing would be
ichednled on the question of
making the order permanent.
Sloan mid Saturday that he
had no intention of denying
residential use of the homes on
the grounds of the achool, but
out his petltill. it grinted.
would prohibit their continued
use as gathering place: and sites
,j|;|,:__L[],g_n5tit1liIlIl;l-I$'9211l,1 op-erationa. A ' - t.i &-nos-1 V l ' II "1""? u" M g| Uuawmjgif ' U _ "l-as-r. trainln school or labor
i - i ~ -
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:
The Chatta-
noqga Times
8-2-59
. Page 1
Chattanooga,
Tennessee
Martin S .
Ochs , Editor
i Knoxville
Office
ii
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'CONFl.D .
F mom : SAC, KIIOIIVILIIO 1-12! '
{"18 I ;92,__-5-.. vars .n-.,r;_;.__ '; .....2 sunjatr-0HIGHLANDKR FOLK 5CH@L
- - IONTEAGI.-E, TENNESSEE
IHFORIATICII CCNCERHIHG
Enclosed is original and
letterhead memorandum
This memorandum is not being disseminated
to local intelligence agencies.r---j'm.,.,...-.=.,....,.=..-§' "c _ _ { A!Ojtf Memoiidndum - UNITED S'$:3IES GOVERNMENT
1' mg AGE! -'-1:3 I -, TO5 ¥:;"Z }/- gig. RE-9'9"//K
. . ~-: ' 3-.,' A ms-" _ 1.. - .- BY
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{»c92-"'' 92?L/.Z.5_Z./"9°3*: _-l--¢-»4____ ,,.. __ i_, _.
DATE 9/ 11/ 59
TIAL
SOY
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,ull. - -
UNEL-in STATES DEPARTMENT o1=' TICE
FEDERAL BUREAU or INVESTIGATION
Ilrlr-Plwldvb 617 Walnut Street, S.W.
nhhh Knoxville OZ, Tennessee
, C-Q5 ._vglxa ?ESl"'5???_, ",_qr92fT ".____!§ /qiqwf hlg. ,# I-e!! - aSeptember ll, l§52
CONF ENTIAL ,
s92=?all? Rio. ' . ........ . .
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1'10? TEEAGIE , 'I'EN1TEC-3% ANS.lEEQ%3§T{Q§jQQH§33H1FG /[3I {¬ii--~---iT?i+
A copy of a mimecgraphed letter was received
by the Knoxville Office of the FBI bearing the return
address of the Highlander Folk School, Monteagls,Tennessee. This mimeagraphed letter reads as follows:
"Highlander Folk School
Monteagle, Tennessee
From gylec jortcn to Fellow Tennesseans:
'by Atty. Genl.
failed to prove
was subversive! L1.
school.
-11ill-.'l._L_92._I.-_._II! .1.E3-K1 -l'»E.l.-11
lender'sI4
The State legislative Investigation instigated
Bruce Bennet of Arkansas spectacularly
that Highlander's stand on integration
Nevertheless our District Atty. was
instructed to find soe other excuse for closing the
/. 4/I /'While I was away something hapazned that .f[:,},..1-..-...L ...-__.,1_ 11.... c92_...L..1..._ I-_h nu -1. _.-/ 4,51ueuenu pa-up.|.u. |nr:.i_._ noepuimu/F1-iu.t'n, n.|.g;,u- I ._/ LEducational Director, an outstanding church g.W~- ,-
woman, was arrested and hauled off to Jail in the midst"-'*
92/ of an integrated workshop. At present she is conduct-
ing a workshop attended by 33 people, including a number
Oi Ioreign visitors sent by the State Department, with
her usual dignity.!
According to the Nashville Tennessean Sloan
n¢1"I1rI;t92r'! I-I-92Q+ Ff-QQ mnirl unlui Ali ha r-1'! -vv_;n'|'45lI ulna Ila +|92nSue-.L92;V392.. bl-lilll U-Jhv I-G--L92l' Wlluliall LI-W 92A-Ah-v92d92vG92l I'U.§ J-92I<L Ill-I7
purpose of finding whiskey so he could have the school
closed. "The members of the legislative committee gave
me information mostly on integration and communism,"
Y{: qmmm /- 75//"" Q 63t1»eE1.a 1;=14!.1:92??£>sn_- . I
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I
CONFI NTIAL
I 92 Re: HIGHLLHDER FOLK SCHOOL
said Sloan, "and I wasn't satisfied I could be success-
ful at that. I thought maybe this was the best shotand I think now I'll be successful," /y/
In a letter of protest, Dr. Roge;;T?§hinn,~j:¬22r '
recently professor of Christian Ethics at Vanderbilt w
University, wrote:
After a long history of unfair heckling and
absurd charges brought against the Highlander
Folk School, I suppose I should not be sur-
prised at the latest episode. But I thought
that some of your foes might have the wisdom
to keep quiet after their ridiculous efforts
at the last session of the state legislature.
During my years in Tennessee I was glad for
the Christian and democratic idealism of
Highlander Folk School. You have been inves-
tigated repeatedly and have been vindicated
against false and malicious charges.
Sloan is insisting that Highlander be padlocked
as a public nuisance. A hearing has been set for Sept.
14 at 9:00 am at the Grundy County Courthouse in Altamont.
nany of our rriends have written or called to
say they will be at Altamont early Manda morning. I
would like very much to have you with us also. Your
very presence will show that Tennesseans want fair play
and will do a great deal to keep this unprecedented
action from turning into a second Scopes Trial. At the
first hearing the courtroom was packed with Atty. Sloan's
rooting section well before court opened. You will want
to get to Altamont early. Let us know if you will want
to spend Sunday night at Highlander.
P.S. A few of the many letters of support and encourage-
ment are enclosed."
The Knoxville Newsge
a daily newspaper, in the issue of August 1, 1959, carried
a news article datelined at Monteagle, Tennessee, which
reported as follows:
-2-
CONFID TIAEntinel, Knoxville, Tennessee,
K
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0w§H ;a '_ - .1 .5 -
4 CONr ENTIAL
RB. HIGHIANDER FOLK SCHOOL
"County and state law enforcment officials
raided integrated Highlander Folk School last night,
arrested a negro woman and three white men and consie
cated a quantity of liquor.
The school was the subject of an investigation
by the 1959 state Legislature, which sought indication
activities or teachings at the school. of ommunistic
/. "The+*tiark, 61, who Highlander and
Director Myles
n 92_.."D11?!Egro woman arrested was hrs. __ Sept_ima,P_._~%;;.§f3Q{l r
said she was director of education for '" '
in charge during the absence of School
Horton, now in Europe.
Liquor in Horton
was charged with
raiders said they found bottles
containing whisky in the
pending receipt of bond.
"Dist. Atty. Ab Sloan,
along with Grundy County
Bureau of Identification
plans to file a petition
l'i1'l 92Q.l" n ~I92n'|-11-Ir! nirlcsnnq n! hm92vJ-Ii; W R F! $11 ¬ A-l92.~l.hBIIb&l920920 M Y?Home
._--.-.-.-1 -.. ._Ll -1-." -.81---_ -IJUi;§i:i92.ti5LLl'g', WULBISY 3-1. DB1
of gin and ru and a keg
home of Horton. She was Jailed -
Grundy County is prohibition.
who directed the raid
Sheriff Elston Clay and Tennessee
Agent Kenneth Shelton, said he
seeking that Highlander be de-
n'| near!92IlY?¥m
"The raiding part of 15 hit the school shortly
after an estimated 30 Negro men and women and several
young white couples had finished a banquet and were
watching a movie.
"The search warrant was signed by Justice of
the Peace John P. Wright.
Held on Several Charges
"Others arrested and jailed at Altamount, thecounty seat, on charges of drunkenness, interfering n "Wm F151
with officers and resisting arrest were Brontiiugene!a5#F*" " ->fsark§aa1e_, 22, of Los Ange1es,'a§%1if., Guy.I-Iughes Cara-gj-__E"___§_1'F:lj 1. .' . ...' . _ .. .. , . . - ts - _- - 92.- ... -.1.-' '- . . I -- - . - a. _ . . . - .| . _. . . .. »_, _. ,_ -. ,_- <-- -_ .- ._ _ f. .92 _ ;|i- ,_ .,_ .;- -. - 92_- . ,_,___-.,___-__._._.__,,k.,. . _._. _- . ._.. ._ -.,_.-A. -_ .- .92-_ V -_ -',; /I | __|_ - * 1; . ;_' __--.-.z 1.. 1. -. 1. * - -92,-'~. .~-=;-92 -P 1__,_. - .|' -92- -. _ p-...-> :.f-s-A;._--_.--__...--4......-.a_- ._ =.|.._- , ' -------
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I
Re: HIGHLAHDER FOLK SCHOOL
"A committee from the 1959 Legislature held
several hearings on Highlander and then visited the
school itself. It reported it found the school engaged
in a "very questionable activity" and recommended its
tax-exempt charter be revoked.
"Lorton has deeied repeatedly any ommunistic
connections at the school. The school does not hold
formal classes but conducts discussions and seminars
and is frequently addressed by guest speakers.". - - , - .. .,-,_ __,;_.~._ .,__-. -_~_ .,_-_ ..-_ - - 92. ..-:1 ". T -. - -'2.» .7. -,-_-'-.'.-r-1':*¢;='*-:1=*~.s-.~L52--_~ T3? -5 - .»-'= --»-'~.-.~--;-."="-"1 . -~ -. -r -.. - »- -I -92_..._~'..1¢-," .--. ~- .-- - --.-.~-w-r-3 .- .-1+ - ..'-r - A ,,
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In Reply. Pletlll Refs lo
File N0.
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0q 1 -1,. .' 92 *0 . .p on '?*' "-;_ rsnnnu. nunmu or INVESTIGATION_{ "III."/-ZED STATES DEPARTMENT OFQSTICE
617 Ielnut Street, S.F.
Knoxville 02, Tennessee
September 11, 1959
HIGHLANDER FOIK SCHOOL
MOiITEAGLE, mxnmssnn
I.m"_Q3%@E¬°N E¢¬¢E.-?i _1HG
Q3e;erence is made to'1etterhead memorandu
dated September ll, 1959, at Knoxville, Tennessee.
This memorandum is loaned to you by the FBI,
and neither it nor its contents are to be distributed
outside the agency to which loaned.
ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN IS uwcu-xssmn-:0 M»AweeBY@@§ee%>
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§I|!!FUR!1!IUlC!OHTAIl'3D -l ' .~~- ~ " ._ ' n _ 5? 1 has. , - ~ . _ .. . .1 {._ " _ . _
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em-=1--'--=2--1 ", _|. _. _ , A. .__ - 1 ._ ___ ._. e. . - ,,, - _ _ 1 e _, P , _14V .-L -' _-
an eentldenilll lulu-manta referred to in thle~ a I,memorandum have turnlahed reliable lnteraatlen la the peat; ' " "'
:3Sadvleed I
Ienneaaae was a apeaker at a meetingCe:!I'i'1T'e55: for lumen Helrara uhleh wee held ..
Teeaaee on April 19 thlreuyn Z1, l9l¢2. _ _em-ten apeke en the llportanee 7 "=1-l nation both voeatlenalli and La deaoeraei. Y -the Southern Conference for lumen we tare he been el ed by e '
Special Committee en Un-American Aetlrltlea, Report,
March 29, 19141;, page 1141 ea I "Oeeuaun1at treat which ~_-
received none; tron the Robert Ilarahall foundation, one 01'' . I _-./ W ""
the prlnaipll aeureea et the mm by which narq Oomlunlat
rrlitl 9P.1'l9'9.' :4-' _:-': ;'-';Y~< :1" P n 1 -. -.
' furnlehed E He:-nauen eenee% he 1/Highlander Felt Behooll _ . l j g_$ p,_'_' 7;//_ Q .
the Highlander Polk school u"§=i lnetltutlon .f_
located near llonteagle, Tenneeeeea It la an lnatltutlen
with elaaaea on a aenlner baala and auppo:-ted primarily
n. by donations from lndlvldule, from laber unione !|n the
re:-an of paynente for etndenta who attend, and to a ~-"extent by the !'arner'a Union. It ettere euraea g . ¢- 1 é "Z Y __ 1-_* _ 1.-_.~ .- _- *9-.____. Sf? 16135 _ ,
r»-M5 and one to sun: - furnished State Lialpén! .
NOTE: Sulbethnce of ahove furnished OBI--ll; April Q7, 1956,
response to name cheek. Thumb 11 sketch re Highlander Folk l ' -§»;=j_____$chool cheekdup to date with Yigxi/MAX! Organization Desk.37P =7h'*~n1.@'m@r§1¢ classified "Con}4@ential" lnaenzueh as the inrormantstx92
92w
-I -;-r.+ itjee in ahould not be revealed as it might be dangerous
"Tto the security or the United Staten7'-Y '- . X . . |-1 1| r conctualonl of the FBI. It ll the property_ .- _ __ r_ T bleed?-ument $.01-;:;l;92.ldn:,1%:;lLrl:::::;:n cIcn:;n;:H:°nt.M. an um In M Mubuud om-M."C" i? a»1q&£5Th|e la in can-wet lo your I-equal! for u check of FBI lilea. -" 1»
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Highlander Yolk school. ' 1- '
Myles Baton, Director ~
Ionteogle, Tennessee - _ .
- . __ IK..-,____.f_!A
instruction in iabo orgsnisstion, socisl economics, _
parliamentary procedure and the gonerll fd of labor 1education. This school hss d Communist Isrti members
on its start as instructors, and has followed he practice -
or welcoming Communist Port; lenhers cs students, but to
I; knowledge, the school hss never ottorod courses of
instruction in communist notters nor has the co
element ever completely controlled the institution. Qp
Another Governmental agency which conduts
intelligence investigations hss advised that Louis iranois -
Budonx, former editor of the "Daily worker, on east 9.
coast oomunist newspsper which suspended puhliostion -
January 13, 1958, and en admitted former orricisi
in the Communist Party, advised on Ioveuher 21, 1952, thst
the Highlander Folk school was prooomnunist. 9 -
On iprii 19, 19b9, Psui Grouch, a selt-admittedrormer member or the Communist Partg: furnished to thisBureau s signed statement in which described_§l1g1_ -"
Orton as I }e:_t_w1.ng_soois1is:_-n|ho.uee-siweye--c ose~to---
e Communist Party, According to this statement Horton' _;_
umt UIth hfTicIo1s hnd repreoentativos of the Communist
Party to discuss policy and procedure during the period tron
1939 to 19h1; end, even though he showed some independence
in thought, Horton usually followed the Communist Psrty lino,
The statement continues that in 19hl Horton could have _
been described as s close sympathizer snd follower of the
Communist rarty line; and thst his wits, Zylphia gorton, , s
was oven closer to the Party than her husband, According
to Grouch's statement, when he last sou Zylphis Horton --~-f
in 19h1 she was seriously considering Joining the OounistForty. :- _' " - -.»~'
ised
j H11.
the Communist Party Baton cioeelx followed sud
.54at -2.
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Q I
Highlander Polk 8611001 '
Myles Horton, DirectorHonteaglo, Tonnciioo _ _ 7. . _. _
litioal oconomio, and oooial doctrines and 'line in po , _ .associated with known Communist Part; namhora. In thon t a nonhor of tho opinion or tho informant, Horton was o
Communist Party. i - -- s ,_ A _
Q7011
with
i u For your additional information please be r _
- L o_ 4.. ...-saoa-A In 'advised that liyloa Horton roferroo to iuii Filo:-as-woo .-publio session before the Jenner Committee on llorch 20.19514. Ion maydosire to consult records or this Gommittoofor additional into:-nation concerning tho subject oi yourinquiry. The Highlander Folk School has boon the subjector considerable newspaper publicity in tho Stato oftennoesec, particularly, in the Chattanooga, Tonnessoo
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H PK! lg - -Oice - UNIl.ED 1 '
TO
M
mqmn:
f .. *;GOVEKN¥ENT
= Director,FBI 1-7511! DATE = 11/5/59
= SAC, Knoxville 1-12!
OHIGHLANDER FOLK SCHOOL
Honteagle, Tennessee -
INFORMATION CONCERNING '
Enclosed for Bureau files is one autostat /0copy each of four news articles concerning the K
Highlander Folk School.
These news items result from a hearing brought
against the school by State authorities seeking to =
revoke the charter of the school}
EX 101
,_.- Bureau Enclosures 4! é§Q£::};Z?a;Y _- Knoxville --=-.__'_
-"'_l__ ;_.
92 -
ALL mroammow coummen ,/N
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.iHig"hinnder Pudldck Sun Drdppéd,
u
' Stuffs Qff Hltlring
L3;-3?. Ȥ?P."5" '
r
1 AL'b92MON"1-Thu Ital @-
-~--~.:::d 11:1: morning It Irmldinst pursue 0:2:-u to obtain 1- perrrunant och Iniuncon
on u-.e mun oduation bulh:l.i.ng
Wu wghlundzr Folk School.
located nu: lluntuglc, 'l'u:n.,
but that It wouid leek l'lVOGl-
uun of the lchooli lrtlr.
Aftrr approxllnately tic Ind
, . Q
Atty, Cecil Brlnltettor d Nash-
vi!!e_ 1. Iusctim nf 1 jury II
.*-*:_P"=
Judge Cheater Chltthl ovu-
ruled d hd 1 emurnr by tin
idefvrzae Lo an unendmnt tn
ithe angina] bill lgllrut High-
glgndcr Folk lchonl. Among
;ui.her thing! the dcmurru ll-
:le.rI.ed that tho "orgirml Mund-
td ml! lhow! 0! Ill Ill! U18! It
fin mu!tifu'iul.l.I." t .! Amy. Bnnltottur I-I-I9 I-l'I92-Ill
ithn the chuga pgalnnt Ht]!!-
iandcr Folk I-dmnl Urn U
fuhntgun approach trying In ll
lormthmg, I I-Jami."
[ Rehuve to the unendnnliyI
ta
I Partly Clobdy, ji State to Ask Charter_ Be_ Revoked.
- _ -1.I ' -- - . . - . ' = ' . - 2. '=' Clash ofA|'tom0y1 1' '3;-+7. - -- . f "' 5 ,. " a.a.~¬f-_"'" -4 4-,-r..- ..H :' " 5!" '
0'
7' ' 33$ "7ti 1--"'3 w .'
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;con-¢u|:Ll.n[ Intnntcid clans: In
alstloa I I. nan undo _lI:-um Atty. I1-nnuuttor art:that lntngrltlm tn! he-la
to bl Inwnltiltlonll. . -
Howcvu-, tho Itch ufuad
that that mp: in autum-
tloml hr lhta odamln may notho aouumucnml In-Ev-1:4 tn-
mmnnn nu can argued.
tn saw: to n Idem: dill]! " . ' *1 -5' ,, '7 __ ~ 1" $.§§.,,;,, __
_. .0
Q»-,_
Al'!'l'.CI-C11-IlA.N8'lI-l'TEllUDGl $158
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:?;'{ .~1f..l ..¢HIGHLANDER
C HART?! HIT
t_ru-mun Pro. M 9
Mart that HI InFchnol admit: t.lfnt.;'t°'l:|gr::
lflidl CIISEI I0? Hg;-rm _dIihl ll-IIIQK gin it
9'!" 25 yum age.
lb ma um u emu-run-an
mm Hllhinnrhr P0113 ppy.2""? Oflmerrlll dingy.-'1" Mm. _lI92d um. In-let:PM In lubmnu-d remm 1,,1? Hue-than pf whdl-acr ¢|- .91H1-K7171-mic: bu Wnllted 11-|¢,|.wW haw»: Magnum 4; 1;,cla."Iron.m;, __ _ 0 5
H""*"¢I;. 533: lvlleatlonn . .|.,[ ° H hm"W lmr uhumnugt u Juryto Mu the an an bnfun i
IFIPOBNA PR0l1;!'r|;13
'1' "=11! -1-» ohmu-¢ u
' '"'='W'"--1 Hqulrinz mu-| um.
*""~,H*:huna nan Scbbol mm- '1'--[9 51"!!! £0 court 1 mu; of
"?¢""¢-I 91' lb: nchoola nprrnmm,"" Y '- -° ~-'~-ta rtq-muted av M "1" Ff I-he ¢<>rponuon"|'Bylwl and cl-mm. .11 mmum-,9 Bra-A --rrllrgr, d1-45¢; ad!
:9; 0-I-I-1'! all record; Q! Qua.__ I v the school mu '|p_
"H J- UBO donors all rv-eorduJim. 9:,-qffpts and all U'l,]92|f¢rp J
;'ff_-;:_f-~ P! lillllnder to other:»- mums - 92
'.'*{ne_v B1-nlutetter told t.h'e1~ --- 92-"-M Hill would rpq-ug"' "" '*-"~'>==II- I-?92I1'!'92'nun bu!-'
" '° ='- "1 lle wen::11." ""-' um um nu an an-4501*! '07» ppq gt. '1 c-nth km mmupy hall»I-';;:y l.FT.er-nag;-§_ ' -' .' ,e HIQHM 'W that the '::;';::..**:&mhd| w "Q -92. I I -
I
b I l92J'l'II_'
Iluln Atty. Io . ltty. Q1
lion il lnlltc ltty B-ll
Pun: lutnnum. punlzqt
I=u92'.lH't1§:|92n'| h1ryI|r._.
The ''Upp1n[ 1 _1la ill!dfbrt In In I Blmlli:' Slock I:-921'92mchon.£'I;nlhair: main Uun iuillujlmlm that tvpiaua um be
rvhadvod from ll building-in»malaugy. " hue iname nu
pmo-cicd ll_92"!I"ll Ioelu anafter 1 hearing Op n zmparuj
7:610:-k proceeding J Chit»
92I~.
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5
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_1-.4._.._- _ .__. '__ __.___7 _ 7 7 _- fjii; __*. '* * *4 Jiliri-* *
Highlander Hearing Open: Today;
Hn."Cla1-Ia, 3 Others Are |ndid*"~
if iiififi i-rtrp
lnngl Tllu lll I113
A.L'rumN'r. 'l'!n.n. - no m-|mMr ml time 0!-hi! I9
e mmmm 5 -g mam-Chlr lib Diil-K
I. the colorful I-hlplu u the wmw"*'h1IR! ll the KIM
neat Ill Grundy munty I-U1 be
alum: hand-my ol the second act;lndleunenu were rehn-ad
lel-e Honk! llllnlt
Beprnn nk, the educationin the cu.-rmtieg-1'! drill untitled
director; I1-Int Iugme lub-"H|thll.adu Full: lelool Hum]" IGo.
Onuln: in Grundy Oumhr ch--;
ruii WW1 ii Ii 'Iiii'r'l5i ii F5365?
lh" lttarnev nnenl of 'I'!IIn-I,
pee] nu: mm saw: mu -mil
-an unler rumtlnx the Iiryvlwld
"chlrh-r 4 the institution quad
Lcnaduch hum-ma eluses mu
v.-crtihugu and pwunn a gout"!
t urn-naive llberullnn.
he 511! pr! of In current
move l{l.mI92 the lcbuol was in
mm-&~ep92emoer, I"::1'. the armr-
nev general. A. F. iiom oi South
F>*!1s*n1'I'1, nought u lemmrlrv la-
funcbm mam the operatwn oi
Uv.-aclmolonrrwmlltwua
~.mr»::'c nuisance.
' 1-; _|~=_*gg»=- 11!! .1 prellmmnry__'!;' ' psouaum .gm -°;"":f_':'; :3 t::%lm.med.ll£el; m mu um.
mmw Ommty [rand jury u:- " "dale, I2. Lu Angela; Guy
Hughes Olrurm, I2, In
;_r_~ge!e1_|, Q14 Fern! Qt-lg-gag,
as. lhell-er Inland mlehm. 11.1..
Circuit Oour: Clerk In. or-
enen Beulah: revealed.
Y Um Ch:-1: we-I lndlch on n
charge d panama at
ifnmmmagriowmunng
pertlnnworluhopst amenco!
Hill July I1 when county and
Jute officer: euged n nu.
were accused of public dn|nkea-
neu. ruining 1|-nut and later
i!e.n{wlthn.no1!icetintludla-
Emu. of nu emqm duty.
;i Duh bonds. puma by the
dour at the time cl jhelr ar-
1r~eelJ. were euanued. Hr!-
* " ind Ni iiti iii iii
Cln:':J_ cunu-c.cm-
i n knew: an Inland! education em-,leehp'.l'1mOulumn!l.ne
|l'7* " L ' .7; __i 7 '
[amuse-nzsws . ;
lozv IIGHLANDERl HJK-QI e 3
'unnu92u;'m=ed momma»!I
'lockln¢dIle hullnl anon: he
ur ll I
I11!
1.
1iuumnl nneunu1. Atty. Gen. lieu. in
::!L::k!!:: !'!!,l_-blender ln
ling opening fuel 8 n
it-hlrlei el ,llI 011:1»!
will peek revocation ol the
II the dlllll that QHNWIN
ibbl h.l92'I.Yh92l!-I1! will
.=!"l=_- ._T _1 Ill IOGUUL I1
Paw gmenl Id nld
Hint iurlnl ud llnce lhl
Huun I-In not lnwlved. Ill ll-ll
week mu an lmendmenl in his
9.;-umm lo chm-gg that llllhlunder
ggg ygg;;gmulail-veuoldl'!n-nestle llw which brbldl with
.||u-nuns all Negroes mm IMM-
Ping me nune clusel.ID-l
L _ _-
Myles Harlan. {ounaer and W95"
Y lent ur I-unlnnder, and Olbi u~
mama nu: the delenne have -{_;
I." I.,'.. 92, Iv .- I -..','_92 -11-__I92-n -92 . -. ._1,-:4-_. .-. 92'- I
1' L3-_ -1- v|j.';-92 _,
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;»V""~'u
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Oitfe? Memorandum - UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.
= nmscron, rm 1-7511! mm 2/5/so
= sac, KNOXVILLE 1-12! '
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INFORMATION coucmmmo
j Enclosed tor Bureau tiles is one
autostat copy of news article in Chattanooga
Times, Chattanooga, Tennessee, issue of 1/12/60
concerning the Highlander Folk School. s
This item relates to the pending case
brought by state authorities seeking to revoke
the charter oi the school.
2 Bureau Encl. -L1!/r Knoxville &§
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-,1:--"5-reMemorandum p .*" ' °"**.'::*.;:=r.:s:"- '~ ~ .~__... », 5;UNITED STATES ..'ERNMENT ,92 P
-ro : nmscron, rs: 1-7511! mm; February 29, 1960
h a .1FROM : 92jg'§kAC, LOUISVILLE 1-_|I-2! "
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SUBJECT! ALL INFORMATION coN1-sin
°°=K1 - HEREIN IS NCLASSIFIED .-he are-e4 - -- - M s,DATE.~'?|»1RB?Ple BY spslmslc,P JrL, er; 5/ Q7.
- The Louisville Tme sville, Kentucky, a news-_
5:52 ,zigzags%Pss§*;;*;§@s.:.ss%°/E3 ::;:::°,: =*°s. r a L _, gen s n -organization here, night be called upon to raise funds to
c§¥¥§ IIt1gation, in which the charter of the HIGHLANER FOLK
SCHOOL was revoked, to the Supreme Ceqrt. The story reported
that the school's charter was revoked by s Tennessee CircuitCourt on 2/15/60. _ £?f ; V'/srsrnnnnss r-01.1: scaoox. *
IS - c . .
lies soncasésu'rrrsnssnc-Ta identifiedin the story
but known 1=<= be 8 !;:iete_r,._directcr,-producer at..HHA8_._- --Badi9__
and HHAS-- TV, Louisville stations, who has received awardsfor public service" programs! was identified as temporary f
:hairmsn of the newly-formed group. The group was said t6'
consist of 58 Negro and white civic and educational leaders.
fhe story did not directly state but implied that
Miss ALICE1COBB, a religious educator, former Kentucky school
teacher and social worker, who stopped in Louisville on
Z/19/60, on her way to clear her things off the premises
of the school, was instrumental in formation of the Louis- 'ville group. _ 1:jL;,»»' _
According to the story, Miss COBB told a story of
months of harassment of the school and its staff, leading up
to the court's contention that HIGHLANDER violates_Tennessee's
segregation laws as they apply to private schools. She
reportedly said, "Southerner's main objection to the school
is its workshops teaching uneducated Negroes and white persons
how to pass literacy requirements for voting. _- .-H g _ ' - _ .. . .
Miss COBB was further identified as a former com-munity-organization consultant for the Kentucky State Child ¬5tWelfare Departgent fer three years, under former Governor ---=.. 1| X --M .-=. P.92- - -~ - . L ' , . ]_. .~ /"92 -.*- ";_~p.. .5 r*9.,.-. 9?! - __,_ A-/14
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1. _ ;.. I0_!j§ J6 ZVI6m0"r12dZm2 - UNITED STTES GOVERNMIEQIT
TO = Director, FBI 1-7511! DATE: 3/2/60
92~1 = sac, Knoxville 1-12! '
sUn_]"BC'1: Qrcrmannrn FOLK scnoor.
MONTEAGLE EHNESSEE. tnronnntin ec1~1cER1~?f'WF_-._=
/§14_/
Enclosed for
copy of the followingBureau files are one each autostatic
news articles concerning the HighlanderFolk School. These news items relate to the case brought by
the State of Tennessee
charter of the school:
92 News article
Tennessee,
News article
Chattanoog
Editorial in
Editorial in
News article
News article
92-r
ALL INFORMATION2 - Bureau Encls 6! __ $DVT - Knoxvi lle
J; */C/_. %/P3authorities seeking to revoke the
in Knoxville News-Sentinel, Kncn
2/l6/60
in Chattanooga News-Free Press,
a, Tennessee, 2/16/60
Chattanooga News-Free Press, 2/17/60
Chattanooga Times, 2/17/60
in Chattanooga News-Free Press, 2/20/60
in Knoxville News-Sentinel, 2/23/60
}5Z§A1TY$5
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E! '!.'.*"=" :."~""_.e
ilauld p in 0::~ 9:". _-..,_ -
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N 80!.-'I"HPl'lT_8BUIG.'l'l.;
Feb. J3 UPDJud|e Cheder
O-nnttin yesterday recelved Ibex
sine: qzrlnion an that nhohld be
uld in Olen: revocnllon E1
cree for Iilzhllhde Folk Sehooh
clutter. ;
Cecil Bruuu.-tter of Nashville.
defense atlo:-my for the contro-
venul radllhr hnegrated lnllltu-
pan near Monmgle, 1| also es-
paqwnotiielnau
I Gaul: an
one d hi;
der will p
1 receiver will
dz: 9:! sh: :!'!e!r:
Arum the decree:
defense his I dlyl
appeal. -
Brlnsleller hid indicated be
ulrfor I new trial. ' '
Chmln ordered the einleri
revoclllon int week suhgm his
opinion. the lcho0l'l ielld:
lemlnul UH Inrhhcps violllldnu.-
vi '|&_n1e'| uelrtmiua hr. - 1QL; _ . __ _ -
The Knoxville New
Sentinel
Knoxville, Tenn.
Loye I. Miller,
Editor.
1_.ZQ E1 E Edition
Dated -"5 . 2 1 ;0
Page/2 .- g
HIGHLANDER POLK SCHOOL
HONTEAGLE, TENN
INFORMATION CONCERNING
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- "- .,,;~:..__1_e;4§-1=<-..~»:.. -Highlander Hoolced 1 ' -=-=-"
From its Red-tinged beginnlnp. High-
lander Folk School hear Honteegie,
Tenn. hu been e notorious. disgrace-
fol, leftvring. integnuonlst institution
-' zigbly questionable pnrpolee. But it
bu gone along imperturbebly, gggeleq
by e band ct ngtionelly-know: leitiing
quocke. , '
- For I change, Highlander Folk School
Iiowleemstnbeinreeltmulal-e.
Judge Cheater C. Chettin officially
ruled yeetenhy that the state charter
LL12 e.-bee-1 be 11evoked,'Lb..et IQ gore;
of school lend given to Director Myles
Hvrm revert tothe lchool, and that a
receiver be nppoLnted to dilpoee oi the
institution: propertiel.
Judge Chnttin found Highlander
guifty of breaking the lute lawn
sgaiaut lnllnlenanco of I ncielly in-
ierv"-<i inntitution. He pointed out
Eta! the Won-en Court: 1954 ruling
mtg" to kt.-rrk 6-1-I*92'|.Jl.o hr! pro-
TIF H11! ill.!f.'ll-l il flife i¬.h@li-I
11.. d.c! not eruci Ln yrohibiung in-
tezraon in private schools. Anotherviolation Involved dear
lender Ind mgnged In
oi iii i'il-561.1%. _i "name"--*
I117 bootiegging joint. The
Linn listed by the iudge In operoon
at the Ippoeedly non-prot school with
Ho:-Qua proting in the form of the 70-
lcte land great. Die judge also noted
there were no olclei document! Ital»-
lilhlng Horton! lelary and that check-
writlngnedonebyooaethhdin
-Iteppaihmrediermoqghthe
iag lnvolvig integration iii? be
overturned. But it would be difficult to
get u-oamd the beenbooiiegging end Lhe
private-profit-counts involving rloletlou
of the non-prot charter.
lnlegriiionietl are claiming High-
lender ll being penecuted became oi its
nciai mixing. But the integretioniste
in taking up for Highlander put them-
qlyee h the peculieripoemn of ye"
in; tint I-Iig.:lu:;ier ebould he 1 1:1
nauwwnoumweuvwwwuqj-B, uI'll for private poot beeeuu it in-5. l I - Iv I -
HIGHL
MONTE
INFOR
BUFIL..".!1ttE1'1QQgH News-
:-ea Press
-1?-lag
imttancoga, Tenn.
ee Anderson, Edito
noxville Division
nnzn FOLK scnon
cps, TENN
TION concnnnxnc
61-1511..,-*7_.J_ 7 --
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1, .-, Q'1':"~,'-'-»
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Q. I n4 r 1
P 92
-N
- f""!""'I
Ill STAY
. Press Conference 1
_ Heid in Washington
Inll ll fl: Iii!-Prue Iran _
T92A.§?FN'3T !L92fii:-1. I-vp-
t!m1'C1u-H. education director
of Lhe Hzighhnd-er Folk School}
--=~' ~"-*--- N12 .n|:t.H.ut£on mu
uumpt to opente dnsplh Q
court order shutting It down.
.121-5. cork summonx = 3:-go; n
cunrereace at Lhe Wuhlngton
Hotel to éenounce the ruling
Monday by Judge Cheater c.!
Chatun cloaing the 2T-you-old
QC"~J?. 1
Eh: paul-e out mlmeogrlphedl;
1'.» def Ln; Use rulingwu I blow to Lhe peaceful end
a-o-olLru|:i:t92'e QHOY1: mode It
" _ : r' -..I. $611001 LO
Hbevn ruin! integw-ntior. in Ln
01'-;"nL-ow! nlututlon "
' " o-.1-:*"} to 1::-ep J:
of-rt" ~1w.:": ti": dcciawn
u:p*=_-1," the ahemen
N" l""@<- told newsman the
;¢;.. s rem"! u-LII meet Htllldly
a_'".:' loeedqy it in unspecified
pI3..-E Lo make plans for eon-
-.."... » .¥& -<~i -quona! -prpgrun
92*'-M1? 1:.:'Ln;r legal ltpl ll!n '_, -r
Jud Chaln revoked n
I!-:1.;;Z cJ:.a.vLer Tuesday -an
-HT!-.1.':d: that ker =1: acid the
liIrg3uY -, that integration I1. u
r;..'~.~;. v:~s_'-A 3 ']-L-13.9;
* ' " -"1 zbat School D4
n~c'.:.r 1.5;! Hrgn mg 1;
iffnf of land deeded to huh from
Ii"92'
"*"r "at:
B-"= ' --- an ma
-~--- A-1 9'4 Q:-had Iuuld
'"*' " ' '-' '- -in n--r t.h-no
'===*-'"~-1:»:-===¥: ruauvn MI be-
; 1" '.- '-tr" U1 affair! of the
- » . _o. -1/'_"&pI Eut me tn-
.:1'.:I 92'I~.=. rfhar coegg 3;]
' 9*" ~: for the acme!
~ l I-ma-1:-;.gJe ropu-£;.||- - ,
._ '. 7 _:.'_,--Kr ; - e-- n --~ <1:*»-.-=-'.-.---
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!e!l.I.-Onor at llhl
II to 21 Ill can mg W ll"! mo: kwthe mqmtnhn ml-M !|np.g,§g_-I
; H|'-r"-I vl H13 M7.7"" "Mull "'P92=H.'1duehlhoved the Ichnol ll planning g1'°"h5°P ll Manon pub-.llrm at Ch-u-lemon, 3_c., 1;";3547. lnoaer on The Gallego
Student Id Q3" -5'
the Hontaglg qu 4,-If 1":5: 5°" "°°"m"-l ~! I-erei.cm: u " u nag;-1 92mznn-21.-W °
Mr vvrkmv, do :'§."1':..'f£.'5'!! .B°"!E""*"°F~'?.:ij--H-wulru wr June 'Mm our -M13 3 »?IO-minute pron conference de-"bil bu um: lug guy; g;:13: 9292!U!'1Ju-ee ml-le moundWm accused at dnllgn.' :"'~ ¢ '"92"11!92£ snag; '.~ 92ma she 1; *"lion to attend
fer:-nee of Now {Notion} 0|».
hnluuan at "tn! In I:qu;1.' Y ill Educ yea" 35¢ 3*
'-*"*§h*1=Ir nuweamn-{
";;m:;;*'£"92-xufvreu Hatloml .1»'@1v1'
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HIGHIJLND SCHOOL __'_ "¢_ V-_..._'-F! £3-_-. ","_ _ ' : , - .
p
Ihattannnca Nn
Free Press
Chattanooga,
Tennessee
2-20-60
Gity Edition
Lee Ard eraon,
Editor
Page 3
Column 1
Knoxville Division
HONTEAGLE, TENN
INFORMATION CONCERNING
BUFILE 61-7511
u uwromwmow CONTAINEDEREINIS NCLASSTIED N-DATE_:lL=* _eBY1'§I°6'1s:r192Le§
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2 C a $ I~ _; , AQ r-'_:_ F if .1_.1 . '92 . _. '-M t ,_ . a - . ~ .O ; . I-i /'6 - _._-_ '¢92_"'_--~ ". . ' ' ~ " _.
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'ne5_1=.a'rn1=£11aerne1:|t;!*¬f~i*'~§¥t -S
A legiadve committee. inveetlted mu-5
lender Folk School, neer Ionteegle, 10110112; I
Iecotnmendation in Jlnugry 1959 from Arilllgl
Attorney" General Bruce Bennett, who eeld
Highlander were ln hie dletrttt he would elcle it
Todey Hr. Bennett, who enme to Nashville I"'_
year ego Lo consult with the eoznmitl-eta!-l$Iyil'*~
jomethlng must he lone to wunter ll] U3! Inllr
iuj puhlleity Aricerteee his received in the iCi!_
getton coat:-evmy. But whatever one my tlnl
of Highlander-u:d, no we have eteted, we dread;
and have not been pertlune 01 the
etmdn cloned tn e men-.-.menal cane of pereecum
end political eel!-glorification thet dos hnnu-_
lee damage lnithe eye! of I freedom-loving Iil0I:|-
The General Aeeemblfe eommlttee, After I
$5,000 Inquiry Ln which Gov. Ellington lhoed 1
notable lack of enthultum. directed Diltrlct li-
torney Sloan of South Pitteburg to lnveetipte
the possibility of closing the school. Tye of the
Assembly! bolt-known eltremlltl, pushing the
;..-obs, hinted of ezbvenion.
At no time in the trial of the cue, however.
he luhvereion been charged by the ltete. .lt_
one time, tr. fact, the charges were reduce-'|._Q
eetling beer without e license and personal pin
by Highlander: director, Myles Horton. 'I_'eet.t-.
many ehowed that some beer had tn feet been
sold end that Hr. n:-too hed been deeded prop-
erty it the ecbool to return foreht1mbero!yeI..II'
sfrvlce tn'!tl".out eelery. Hr. Shun lteted It One
paint that the eehooll policy of integration einoeIP22 Md "not e thing in the world" to do It:the cue. "'It Xe upmtthe tndtvidael if he went:to eoetatiae rhh ee! 11;:-r-.1»-1*-I defend the lam".
Bu! the i?i"§i-'92.£G"_i5f.-Kr; and tt: @--*"-=
9-; r»-.. Ln feat. close-f Highlander. '
Judge Cheater C. Q:etLtn_ nd: thet_tnt41_'eg-_5
- - "W1 ,_ ,_,
i 1- i_-- i §.;92'Lf.£; ic1.:,0l_ rivikizl Tenneneg 111';eh... ..;:= 811:: 5 ezerzte loI'e: ted Q9 9;,-e. '--He -2!-~'~92 I1 el -. 92P,-J.-1-M 35.... 6. -_~-#r=*- "~15 who mu» llldial mi e lei- .l",-e:...llT- i - t
. g:5_ ¥'7-?"=u1'-"'§!"!!-1!!!!-1-'£.£::'=:'-eQe.'..-. %"7'! * "'"3*'~"E' PH-31 Le oo'.".e£-=1-sham" by the
t--..'=41--er.-.1.-.e of Gee eonsttthuoue of h:. ||.1' F "'***11<-.'-'-'<* W I-:"-r==~1 em-==?¢.~.n»=.1. me
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n
ne Ghe ttaneega Time
-17-60
hattnncogn, Tenn-
tartin S. Ochs,
diter
'noxvi11
ANDER FOLK scaoon
AGLE, TENNHIG
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