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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
11'
E?
VIOLA LIUZZO MURDER I
PART 13 OF 14
FILE NUMBER : 44-28601 .
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TO _
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SUB] ECTI-v ital lllli "_92as J ll _O- X ll
lHHTEDSTATH92G092 xwmesr @_q 1-.» ¢ _ 1; e¢~ ,-$ ;1**- ~- _ H --- = as 4 ,.',',_i:_:_Memora aum ' t-~*-'12 J: +111¢~*_::"r. > -
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Mr.
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McGowan
Hines
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the shooting of Hrs. Liu o I35 advised of the Department's
desire that he testify be 1P0 tle House Committee on UH-Alerilnquie
Activities. Rowe stated that hp did not desire under any if.-m -L
circumstances to testify beiqr the Committee and in his ' '"Gary Thomas no§§our informant in this case involving
previous discussion with Dernr mental attorneys before the
last Federal trial he had nPdv'it very clear to them that hedid not wish to testify at eny'future trials or hearingsHe stated that insofar as testfiying is concerned he felt
he had iuifiiied his ohiigation to the Government and he
feared iur his personal safety if he aere called upon to
testify further. -
» Tr, Kimon Z
General, who requeste
regardinq testifying
12/27/65 that Rowe he
Howe had stated that
Citt . inches in
not 30%? would or sho
Oi his present lttit
Department, the Comm
no iurtbor responsibachos,
d that
before
d beenthat
I » .
fjvecinl Assistant to the Attorn y} '
we determine Rowe's attitude e ~
*1he Committee was advised on
contacted as requested and_that N ,
he does not desire to testify before th
S advised that the matter of whether or
uld b~ subpoenaed to testify in spite 92
ude was strictly a matter between the s tittee npd Rowe, and the Bureau assun 1E;;:§'ilit 1. II .- . . ~- * Rte 1a I 92 ____'_j" , _
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I¢m0nandum to Mr. Belmont - ~
an _ Bum-znn Tnonsis, mi 51...;. -n - q-u
I. HQ 1 ' _ACTION: _ -
1. Attached for approvalAttorney General confirming the aboHr. Zachus that Row does not wishHouse Committee on §§-Amer1¢an ActiBureau I111 no longe "accept respo "financially or securi wise for
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ities and that the
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The Attornoy General . . .REQM 0-___ .!*_,'.;;i.rJ_I-- j-I .A n1 ctor, rm _ H "_ ' 4 I." ' ' e '
EUGENE I ruins, rrr AI ; :-
VIOLA Llvrzo, AKA,ET AL. - VICTIMS
CIVIL alonrs-Ir,g T
f - " December-27, 1965
Ir. Be1jntFl
Ir. Boson
Mr. Ialley
McGowan
linenIr.
This will confirm the conversation 0! Ir. J. IillialHines of tho FBI tith Hr, Kinon
on Doccnor 97, 1965, wherein
Gary Thonrr Home had boon cont
not wish to
lctivicbos, your Special
CnnitteeAssistant,Zaqhos van advised that ,¢,-,»Med and stated that he um .-
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VIOLA LIUZZO, x-5, . 7 6
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This will coni1£h the conversation of Ir. J. IillialHines oi the FBI with llr. Kimon Zachos, your Special Assistnnt 92 I _ .92_ -g wJ'__UgQ11- l -Dim; December.27i 19°65
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_ _ on December 21, 1965, Ihere1n_Hr, zachos was advised thlt~13::::§q#Gary Thomas Rowe had been contacted ind stated that he d1d'" t tiish :1 ' not 1
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us-usRAL1g¢vEs'11cAT|G;'n1v1s1oN -_ _ 1- . ._,.- 7Gary Thomas Rowe is r ' informant .' ' 7? "''ho furnished iniorn.-atlon Whicn lead to the _.~-n ' A. H;uccessfui prosecution oi three subjects tn k _¢ . , _ yr 7 ' "--
eshootin 0fMrB 11 At tn -1 " -Th "- ' - n g . iuzzo. e requcz.» t _ - " ~ --I the Attorne ral we contacted him to "' '- ' _ -" ' -' . _'etermine ii would consent to interview ,l=;e-;,-g_;¢_-at- '" _' " . __ _- _ » ---_y a represe qtive oi the House Committee ' _' - I=§£L__-1-Qt}, évb - ___"f '1; ' " ~ . t tjn Un-Ameri n Activities and if he would ' ' " - ' -' -' '7 => _ "-- A .
ccept a Dep Marshall job. A letter is A ~ _ i -
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him of information in attached. - ;_ -
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R _ - _, _ - 92 E BUREAU IE lzguorilfar CALL THIS pATE.H'_,_3 ;L H: _ K d' . . . ' - - - "-'4'? '1-
; RUWE STNTED _HE._WOULD BE HAPPY AND UILLINQ IQ ;_gF_ET g_.i|l'l-I -:1. -'.= . 0 ' =~ -. 0 -w-name»-»-92n;*r 011' y»!:':3i-rwég/L0 . om; on TWO u-means on aE|_=P.§sgmmw£s or 1+; yam at M-MUTUALLY r;A _ AGREEABLE TIME mo " PLACE. as Ase<s'dm.v n; fut I_ - BBSANIFRANCISCO-_ '|y|E_§iLs nun fr;-[E COMAM|'1:TEé'3|:[QULQ_HAyEa**"¢ L
, ms |_&§_qR..-:AT:0~ AVAQLAB _ in THEMQqr;FORPRP5Vl'0u§LY.*;'gUQMlTTE1.1 P- h -f - -- _ -_ . ____- _' "_: _._.'_.__ . _ _ .
'92A §sr.na§*Ji-3-5 UP" t!-_FUH§TYiU9E3 QDT WANT ":?3§PPE1§»R BE?- ORE A FULL
'1noun HEARING. ,
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a _~? , 0 =- '- 3-. 4:0 .-1-"'1' -.
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Memi andum to Mr. Rosen . ' -RE: UGENE 1liQh/AS, I_:I'1AIa
' According to Welborn Rowe inquired of the San Francisco.
Office whether McShane was aware of the discussions that Rowe had had
with Departmental representatives concerning the plan for an "ultimatesettlement. " Welborn further stated that Rowe indicated he is looking- Ito the Department for satisfaction in connection with his discussions with
Departmental representatives and made no reierenee to the FBI in thisconnection. Welborn was instructed to advise Rowe that ii he had any
question whatsoever concerning discussions he had had with Departmental
representatives, he should take them up with.McShane. -»i-------~»--._--7 . "' -a::_|__ W,ACTION: ' ' o
___
San Francisco is continuing to follow this matter closely and
will keep the Bureau advised oi m pertinent developmenmi ' K
_ _ Rowe's reference to "ultimate settlement" obviously refers to
a lump sum settlement which was the subject of discussion with Departmental
representatives. Inasmuch as Rowe indicated he is looking to the Department
ior satisfaction in connection with his discussion with Departmental representa-
tives and made no reference to the FBI in comiection with this and inasmuch asI he was told to take up any question concerning it with the Department, it is
recommended that we alert the Department to this current develcpmenti it Q '
recalled we have previously referred to the Department for their immediate
attention any comments which Rowe has made to us heretofore coneer-ning_
this and other matters relating to a possible settlement. There is being
Attorney General and Assistant Attorney General John-Doar, concerning
this current development. ; 1 , " .
. _ , s-' "'
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_ v ___. ,.
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""1-~ ----e . -,prepared a memorandum to the Attorney General, with copies to the Deputy . g
__ .--__UNITICI! Sl'.»92l'l-'5 -" ' .RNMP.Nl
Mem0mn-.'um _
To 5 DIRECTOR, FBI dé-18601! DATE! '1/20/66
_ -11-
- is
sac, new onnnans 51-3954! P! I '
1 8 Jw EUGENE moms, ET A1,;
VIOL92 GREGG LIUZZO, aka.,
ET AL - VICTIMS
CR; EL A
O0: HOBILE
' . 92'1
WP °f SA i while. 12/9/65. <5 7C.-It-'
92
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I
January 19, 1966, H. RICHARD IIHDHORST,?Deputy"? ??¥Circuit Court 01 Appeals, New Orleans, Louisiana, j'the case was docketed January 7, 1966, and antime to file record to March 1, 1966, has been On
Clerk, Fifth
advised that
extension of
granted.
' 1
. Q _r will advise the_Burcau and Mobile of decision inthis matter. g -. é .. '
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F B I Hr. Cs-per _.._.. §._:, 1 i iiahrn . I
Dale: 1/17/55 ' _ 1-:1-. r*- d __.
Hr. F-. . __ 'Transmit the-i lowing in . é ..ir. .
fT - in plilinlezl of code! V . V M7 " "
via? _? A arm |u.n. --.l _' P".0n.'*! W I Mr.'I'r-'1 'r.__._.
_________ __ ¢ | m.wa¢ _.._.__ _ " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - -_*"-_--"--~----__._......._ _'|q,-,1r;_,],I,|,!;,;,;|;|,___.
u :1-.11»-=.I' ' . Q5 .T0- ]J11uCt01, FBI "44,_;;;_;501! A Ilia: Gandy- _
1mom: ..iAC, Detroit ~; -at-64:1! """ ' f
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Re 1.19-|;rnit teletype to Bu;-DB 1/16/66 5 V
F - .Enclosed is LHM c - r2.. T . bi-.iIJg_ furnjsllcd E009 COPY Of'<LHM _. 92/1 U M /L/N Z I 1' '7! /I Bur-.~"" l.|:C. 2! RH! --3' - l'J0bil-u .J01ma! -f,'n¢_ '1! Info! Um! f -
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._ --
UN SD STATES DEPARTMENT OF STICE
0
-.1 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
In Rqly, PIIIII "C h
nwhh Detroit, Michigan - -w
-~ January 17, 1963
D§
Re: Eugene Thomas, Et A1;
Viola Liuzzo, Et A1 - Victim
/. I
--_....-,Mr. AnthonyLiuzZo, husband'of Viola Liuzo, deceased,
on January"15, l95E, telephoned the Detroit Division of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI! to advise that he had
received information that an advertisement had appeared in the
"Birmingham News" at Birmingham, Alabama, offering the 1963
Oidsmobile in which his wife had been killed for sale. Hr.
Liuzzo if not know the current oqner of the vehicle at the timeof his call on January 16, 1356. f'- § " f ' ' f£jff* 1H"F?
1
On January 17, 1965, Mr. Anthony Liuzzo againtelephoned the Detroit Division and advised that he had originally
hoard or the advertisement appearing in the "Birmingham Hews?
when he received a telephone call on January 16, 19G6¥ from
"United Tress" advising him of the advertisement which Ias
quoted55 follows: 1
n 1953
Bu!let
crowds"Iotice -- D0 You heed A Crowd Gatherer?>I have
Pldsnobile in which Hrz. Viola Liuzzo was killed.
lwica and everything still intact. Ideal to bring in
. nS,5UD.00."
r Liuzzo stated that on January 17, 1936, he
General Motors Acceptance Corporation GHAC!
ichiggan, and tin.u.*g";ht1;en: he learned that the
Birmingham Di ision of GMFC hnd sold the 1963 Oldsmobile toone J, ';.?T§er, 2308 20th Place, Birmingham, Elabama. »Mr.
Liuzzo It ted that he had s§bFén to his attorneyf'Ei1l1am
Bvffalinn, concerning this matter. ' -cotatud the
at Detreit, F
Kr. Liuzzo stated that he was considering telephoning
_Hr. John Hoar, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division,
_ of the bepartment oi Justice concerning this matter.
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El.I
1.
Eugene Thomas, Et AI; ' 'Viola Liuzzo, Et A1 - Victim ' -_
Attrched is n copy of an article appearing on Page 6,Column 1, of the "Detr0it'Frco Press", n daily newspaperpublished at Detroit, Hichignn, on January 17, 196%.
This document contains neither recommendations norconclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and isloaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to bedistributed outside your QQBJCY.
4! .
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and 'i-Rd lhn 1967! Olclamobllg
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Birmingham, Alabama, from GENERAL IIOTURS ACCEPTANCE CORPORATIQI,
and that 'IURNI-IR is the individual who hrs placed the oncloed
advertisement in "The Birmingham News".
A
Birmingham indices negative regarding TURNER and J -no turther investigation anticipated by this division,-UACB.-~-*~- . ' n ' 6-"~."f."
-.,¢ a h Copy of aboveamentioned ad is being enc1osod'£or;§Ff§ Iobile and Detroit. , _ v
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Anlhor:
Editor: '
1~|mEUGEKB TIIUIIAS ,ETAL;
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1 Editor:
;<=.......-.... CR;I-IL
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an-u-nun" nun-ml" If
Iininq lnvonliqnini22 BIRMINGIIAM POST-
Birminghaln, !1aba1
* 1-umEUGENE moms , Em
rms. vmu LIUZZO,aka
arm. - VICTIMS.
HIKGIIMI
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_ _ 1 - Mr. Griffith
1 - llr. Thompson
AI . .
SAC, Mobile 4-1245! January 25, 196692 y._ h y {_ IiIt - . e Director, rm 4-20601!
I 1» ~ , I
IEUGENE '1nor.ms; _
et 0.1.; / 3VICLA'LIUZZO, aka; ,1/ LEROY .mno11smo'ron - norms * ¢~ _-T ' cn - EL . " ~-
ncBu1et 10/295 and Laboratory report 4/14/65regarding nine plaster of Paris casts of tire impressions 'described an O63 through Q71. L - b/e
The plaster casts @111 be destroyed by £55 ;';-.~- WLaboratory in thirty days unless advised to the contrary n
by your office.
NOTE: This evidence was not material in this _ F case and no examinations were actually conducted " /> e
although they were being maintained by the y " V?Laboratory for pnssible future comparisons. -9292
a ,'
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UNITED STATE. AO92 ANMENT
M emoranajum
P0 = _ __ Ir. Conrad
. }A
FRO = - B. H. JevonsY'92D
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SUMECT: EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL.; :7DATE:
- 1
1Ur.
Mr.
Hr.
Mr.1'0
L I
Conrad
Jevons
Herndon
Iilliams
VIOLA LIUZZO, AKA; ET AL. - VICT1H§; AI CR EL'Tl|IOn __..._....1_
DIL.-|o|:i _....i_
5|!Ll I ._...___.._
Clara .._.__.
Ccilduan ._t.
£'-u||r-1! ____.' |'|"ll .-.i,..._,,._
Gale i._.__F
Helen ?-_i._January-26, 1966 -$33"-1
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Attabhed is Interesting Identification LaboratoryDraft No. 1157 entitled "LABORATORY EXPERTS ASSIST IN
PROSECUTION OF LIUZZO SLQYERS."
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BECOME-ENDATION :
None. For information only.
Enclosure
44-28601
1 - Budget Unit, Room 5509
1 - Hr. J. E. McHa1e, Room 1523
I - Hr. M. A. Jones, Room 4264
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in a '
*1-_, w FEDBlaL.lUREAf OPINVESTIGATION2§§5p§¬ _.
p 1, 3q,,,_ gm,-M _ _|uaauIcroa.n.c. N535 _. ._ru-nu. 328601 _ __ _ - .
- ' S . January za, 1965 8 _'
_ I. I. L. Draft No. 1157
LABORATORY EXPERTS ASSIST IN PROSECUTION OF LiUZZO BLAYERB
Late ea the evening ef Hsrch 25, 1965, near Selma,
Alabama, civil rights worker Viola Lduzzo was shot while engagin|
in the transportation of civil rights workers between Selma and
- Iontgomery, Alabama. J FBI Laboratory examiner was immediate1J-
dispatched to the scene to obtain and examine any physical _ p "
- evidence found in an examination of the victim's car. '
b1
After much publicity and two unsuccessful state
trials, three defendants were indicted by a federal grand jury
for conspiracy to violate the civil rights of the victims.
In the federal trial, the FBI Laboratory experts,testified to
their findings. The defendants were found guilty and each -1'-
was sentenced to ten years in prison. I -i
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Transmit the lowinq in W F_,___ T I _ __ _ c _
' ypc in p nines! or code! _
vm _c_- ET? * _ _ ___ _ c c
e Priority!
IDIRECTOR, FBI 4-28601! -5
sac, nr:'rno1'r 4-643!.i<! °Q; - mom: avA fEUGENE -moms, at A1; * ~
VIOLA LIU?-Z0, aka, ,]"IlJ"7
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Haas Gnndy _..._c_11 """""""""""""""""""""""" '11;:ff'"**" cc;;:;:=
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V O0: llobile! ' - i i
;.
above matter. Two copies oi LHM being furnished Mobile
and one copy being furnished Louisville for information
r . .
No further action is indicated and no investigation will
instituted concerning receipt oi these news clippings
ANTIIUNY LIUZZO, UACB. e .9292 __ _ _be
I
" Material mvtioned in LHM woe furnished by Mr. LIUZZO to
I»s:-sear-do. e.- :13 -
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V - Louisville Enc. 1!nfo! ' I
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p Detroit _. 1 ,
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Enclosed is letterhead memorandum in duplicate concerning _'
purposes . *1 ~
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J - I-iobile Se11na!4-1245! Enc. 2! In£o! 1. FEB 111955
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Approved: i _ We _~ Sent ___,i.____..M Per64 fop¥13i!voM In Chum: U I l . '
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.;§F$%% W2r§ - as . - __ Q so srxrns DEPARTMENT or . srrcs - '-E -. -- ' ' rznnnu. nunmu or INVESTIGATION
I ,Plan|lj%§? _:::' Detroit, lichigan
. February B, 1966 ,§_
. I! _
Re: Eugene Thomas, Et Al; é
Viola Liuzzo, Et A1 - Victim
, J!Hr. Anthoni/iiuzzo, husband of Viola Liuzzo, -
deceased, furnished wo envelopes with the same news
_ clipping enclosed to Special Agents of the Federal
Bureau oi Investigation_on February 8, 1966.
Xerox copies of each of the two envelopes and *T *T¥
of the news clipping enclosed are attached. " '
Mr. Liuzzo advised that he attaches no significance
to his receipt of these news clippings at his Teamsters
office, Local 247, 2741 Trumbull, Detroit, lichigang except
that Since they were mailed from a southern state as is
indicated by the postmark on each of the envelopes, they o-
may have some connection with the slaying of his wife in
March, 1965 in the South. ,
Mr. Liuzzo advised he has no ides who say have
_mai1ed these news clippings to him and he said that they j
were received at his office in the normal course of
business and were opened and handled by numerous employees.
This document contains neither recommendations
nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the
FBI and is loaned to your egency; it and its contents
are not to be distributed outside your agency.
I
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Memorandum '
-ro = -1» DIRECTOR, FBI M-23601! nxrn: 3/2/66 e-'.i'e-'-¢;et
--- . mrm~rr1ou= CRIME Reconns DIVISION - ._new -T H Asnc, MOBILE lm-121153 P! - u - -
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WBJECT7 F.UG'*.I~IE TIIOMI92._>, ET -"92I.;
ET AL - VICTII-IS " & 92.'If-M cases 1.111220, aka
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Re BU1et 1/27/66 requesting submission of IC
W1"i'C¬u]~. , e
_ _ ._ _.. ___=.-_~..-- ---..»---¢.-.w--¢-.------ - . " ' -{*1 ' .-.4: rn-r'92
Following is current status of prosecution in this r
case. A11 three subjectawcre convicted in USDC, Mmh, Montgomery,A1a., 12/3;h5 and each was sentenced to serve ten years. A11 Qthree were released on bond and the case is presently on appeal 4to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. -K -1- "
~__ In a separate case, subject THOMAS was sentenced in _USDC, E=rm3ngham, 2/25/66 to serve two years on NFA convictio QIn another case, subject WILKINS 8p?CaPEd in USDC, Birmingham *
12/20/G rod his probation on a 195; firearms violation was
revoked and he is now servin1 the previous one year sentence.
. _ I__ Tt is recognized that the Bureau may wish to delay 1the sutukcsion or the IC write-up while the sentence in this _
case is "H Hm>@e1- ..H_<2!."S= "?1T:. .1".J=h@-b5@"<=¢.e11_eoi=if.iea§i¢> -ithe Burs-~--. tn that effect, _Mobi.1e will continu_e_pr_eD&rat_1_Qp - -_ . E5? th1,S '>'f"'it&:-Iipu. 92 F I r~_u,,_ ~.._92 - -.'--rlffrfl r9':.r|_llB _ Bl.II'."-31 '_;1IrK I 1! _ I g ~-2 - I-lobil-': r" 5- M 1- or ~
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___ r. John Boar March I, £98;'3-IssiBta.z1t Attorney General - ' ' '
- Mr. Wick '1 '-irector, FBI » P
- Mr. Rosen ' '
- Mr. Malley
- Mr. McGowan
- Mr Hinesd LEUGENTI T1,?-wins, AND 0'r1:|3ns
MRS. v1oL.n1.wzz0 - VICTIM
This is to advise you oi an inquiry received by this Bureauon March 4, I966, from Mr. ' Hal Ross of the Ziegler Ross Agency, '___M_____-9255 Sunset Boulevard, Ins Angeles, Celiionita, 90069, concerning '-"- 1' rGary Thomas Rowe who furnished information to the FBI leading to thearrest and conviction oi three subjects in connection with the shootingof Mrs. Viola Liuzzo in Lowndes County, Alabama, on March 25, I965.Mr. Ross desired to lmow the whereabouts of Rowe and whether or mtthe FBI would have any objections to his company making conthct wlthjhi.m'iu'ordor to acquire literary rights to Rowe: ltory.
- - I have advised Mr. Rosa that this Bureau no longer has
any contact with Rowe.
-I The above is being brought to your attention for whatever ~. __ action you may deem desirable. -
, . . ~92
92 1* iii . a » ~ owl * i" _. H_h 1-.aA1< '2 1955 Rm. n - -_' A mg! W _ coma-rs: 92/ 5? .
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JM ..F rEt'a.1, , Mrs. Viola Liuzzo - Victim, Civil Rights, JWH:
ml _____ _ pk:--1 as--4 u.-.-Wcnpn ii ' . 1; _. 1' _Cnlldm» i _ . _ _ _ ". _= _ _ . ' I 1 7 B55 'om-___....__ ."-"-' P P" s ' 7Emit r . | _"-"1 ' i :;::| -?__ _Y' ' ' _ .Tmll _-.-_..i , ' c"-0-1
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IIIIIIIII win 1 I Qt-IQII III! lll
chum no. an an . his: ._._unrrsn s'n92'11=.s mqanmnm e , "' "*-"-
0 - - "Memorandum o .
l / 2::m emf _ u/rrt= Ea:-ch 1, 1966 i ;'_-;1;:Cindi..-
' " . ' _ Inn I f jnon-I = A. Rose _ - m-, 11¢]; J§'.'_.__S. ?1!.T" HrTon
T|cl'§| -.-___
Z - Rosen
sum-:c'r= avenue. rnowxs, 1:1 AL; - llr. neoezin ,-ans. viom i..iUZZfJ - iriorm ' - Ir. Hines A CIVIL nzcnrs P/
.-' ['_ . -._ 0,; -_ '
alfess oi the Ziegler Boss Agency, Les Ange1es,¬2 ' C
California, by letter dated 3/2/66,requested that FBI advise him"of the whereabouts of Gary rb_q;;§§_3_{9pe_ena asked whether or not
___, _, the Bureau would haveany 6E]ection to his company making a.a,a:;
contact with Rowe to acquire literary rights to his story; *?**Y*
Gary Thomas Rowe was our informant who furnished e '
'7 information leading to the arrest and conviction of the three¢77 subjects on Federal charges in connection with the shooting of
Hrs. Viola Liuzzo, a c vil ri ht r in Lowndes
Alabaa, on 3/25/65.
It is noted that Hal Ross by letter dated 5/1| , to
the Bureau suggested that he be permitted to contact Rowe tor
the purpose of interesting Rowe in selling rights to his lite sto:
By letter dated 5/21/65, he was advised his proposal would be
brought to Rowe's attention. This was done. ' - 3 p"_-92 .
VI
ACTION: p . - i
1. Attached for approval is a letter to Hr.iRoss advis:
hi that fh R1 1 hnl: A 1 rr r Qnv I-nnfnnf U"||'1'I "11-12 'I"hn|-mu: Rnn __e -__. one _JT9&L ___ n_ -on,e- _", __"-_-- __-_ =a_, ........ -.
and referring him to Mr. John Doar, Assistant Attorney General, C:Rights Division, Department of Justice. i '{
a
21 Also attached tor approval is n letter to Ir. Doar
- advising him of the inquiry from Ir. Ross for whatever action the
De artmcnt ma deem desirable - ' -i *3 .. - __EC3%/2i".'n_'_i~//_.._f.?!.
5? Enélosurcs %1A¢L¢f{:' d£_ _ 92/I e _ ;¢F; h" JW pa-k_,_!_:_ , I . - _ _B l',R1oB6sL» . fl e {Q7 -A *4 J,"-. -I: n p ' . gs.eilteeee 1» n .E. '3 l"¬.:2a i 1 H
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IAY In: narrluuA In-|I92 at um! nu-nuUNITED STATES GO92@ YMENT - Q
Memorandum '
no = -_ 1musc"r0R. FBI 4-23601! mm: 3/10/66
, J sac, man oamms 57-3954! P! D ii
..--__
sun}!-lcrz EUGENE Mommas, ET AL;
J
ml/m ~ ' G. L G:62 _ L.nM4l1.l?IIZ{l} _? ,:_ K .VIOLA GREGG LIUZZO, Aka.,
ET AL - VIC 'i"IiiS a
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Re New Orleans letter to Bureau, 1/20/66,
On 3/9/as, Ir mcrmm nrmnonsr n " "'*"**'T" -"?~'~'- , eputy Clerk,
Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, New Orleans, Louisiana,
advised that the Record on Appeal es filed 3/2/56, and
in the-lg
process of being printed. a
W111 advise the Bureau and Mobile of de 1 idhc s in"
this matter.
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UNITED STATES GC RNMENT
Memorandum
Dgi0ach ;!y'¢5"
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A.!R0een 924R{'
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EUGENE reams;-3i.0L'LIE urns? 'iILEiii§,IILLIAI URYILDE5 ATUH;1 -
IRS," VIOLA '1.1vzzo .. ..
VICTII
CIVIL RIGHTS _ll-
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Inrtin6aleiL1%!aw ,_BAG lcovern, Birainghan, advised that'Ii11ial'?f¥W*;1;.Orville Eaton dropped dead of a heart attack on the night 1' "
of 3/9/66. Eaton, who is one of the three eehjeote convicted-JIfin U, S. District court on Federal civil rights charges in 2connection with the slaying oi Ire, Viola Liuzzo near Bella, J
Alabama, 3/25/65, was sentenced to serve ten years ilgriaoplent.
at the time of hie death, he was tree on appeal bond. f
This is tor informationa n 2?
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Memoranaum '
*0 .4. DIRECTOR, FBI nu-2<:6o '" 2/15/66 7; . I Attn: FBI Laborntor . ' *
FI- --e ___;-< _-;-. ~1 sac, moexm nu-12u5! P! ' ' ' '-
SUBJECT1 EUGENIQJ THOMAS, ET AL;
VIOI-A GREGG LIUZZO, aka
ET AL - VICTIMS 92
CR; EL
O0: Mobile!
H" report of Sig 12/Q/65 Mobile b7-~ _ I I
reflecting; that all three subjects were found guilty in USDC,
MDA, on 12/3/65 and were sentenced to a period of ten years I. '"
in custody of the Attorney General. The matter is presently -
on appeal to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. _
There is being returned herewith by Hailwa Expres- one box containing evidence utilized Mi b7 -'+ , in the trial in instant case. V H ,
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4: §!-- Bureau _ I r_ ,' - !1 - P3.Ck¬".[§G - " - i - '2 - Mobile I /L/' ,_JRC:gre o . 9; +-
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Memoranaum ~ " '
__.. DIRECTOR, FBI 4-2860].! _ DATE: 4/21/55
~.~ rF11.-2M"'1 M w -i A '
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"JE°"= nucsma Tiionms ET AL; -¢"'»-".vxom cnEcc<x.iuzzo, aka" ,, ,ET AL - ViCTIlES X I ' *'
CR; E1. .
Re New Orleans letter to Bureau, 3/10/66.
On 4/19/es, llr. nxcunan nmnnonsr, Deputy Clerk, _y _, _. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, New Orleans, Louisiana, II de oavailableezwo copies of Order Dismissing Appeal -of IIQLIQQ -
_, _/ ORV_1_L1,§__l92_!§1OII, #23289, filed 3/17/66, copy of which is . ; */x enclosed for the Bureau and £obi1e. ' 92
will advise the Bureau and lobile of decision
in this matter._ 92<F I- _ "$ :056* 1s63
- Bureau Enc. 1! '
-_- Mobile 4-1245! Enc. 1! i
- New Orleans
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UNITED S'I'/92'I'l'§S G0 _.RNMEN"l'
Memorandum
' 1" = hffgoseie/
mom = CjL. Mc '.§§i6¢g/
sua_usc'r= EUGENE THQMAS, ET AL;
VICLABLIUZZO - VICTIM
. CIVIL RIGHTSe
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In:-I:-___
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- Mr. Rosen M" Mr. Maliey ' nu? -
r. McGowan
I - Mr. Hines , if;
- Mr. Hudson '* ' _ ¢
{Z /H!V w-1-s May 10, mas
Tuiii-i -.-1
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At 7:15 p. m. , Bt. John Barrett, Civil Rights Division of _, .
the Department, telephonicaliy contacted Extra-Duty Supervisor F. J. "_- * Hudson and advised the Department has received an inguiry from _____i"' A
Associated Press regarding a statement made by Art Haynes, 3"for the subjects, who had allegedly stated Eugene Thomas would never i B
oe brought to triai in I-iaynevilie, Aiabama, because the Federa1 Govern-
ment would not make Gary Thomas Rowe available as a witness. Barrett
wanted to be advised the rst thing on the morning of 5-11-66, whether or
not arequest has ever been received by the Bureau concerning making
:wn 'vVé afaabie for testimony.
' Supervisor was contacted and he advised he would tr.
contact Barrett on the morning of -11-66.
ACTION: g
For record purposes
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Fern u DC _
FBI HOBI LEuser:/csr mean swss um
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Emmi moms; at nu 'vio!.A Game Luzzo} tr Al.-VICTICR-EL. 00 mans. l R I __
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more non mom-:21 ADVERTISER -no umu., mamas smnon, um:
THIRTEEN , INSTFN T.
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BYLIN E: REPORT SAYS I-BI INFORMANT FED UP ."
nu: man. or A sznoun xu mux xmusm: ACCLBI-ID IN ms
KILLING OF CIVIL RIGHTS UORKER, VIOLA LI |-ZZO, HAS POETPONED
THURSDAY REPORTEDLY BEDAISE THE FBI CANNOT IDCATE ITS STARIr. 1'0ilnl_......
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WITNESS , INFORNAHT GARY THJ MS ROUE ATTORNEY GENERAL RIC!-Il'DND
FLOWERS SAID JUEXSE T UERTH THAGGHRD INFORMED HIE HE FIRSTDEGREE
nuR0£R mm. or zusmz mo ms nu. hog-Bp cau.m nan IE1-2K INnm~n»:v1Ll.E FLOWERS sun as HAS Asxsomat .tg1a£icnz2n.£n FOR7 Htn:-: cc azn mm or coun
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PAGE THO
rnunsomr 11 Has saw mron man av A rzoznm. orrxcm. tum Roux-: A
- WILL NOT BE AVAILABLE FOR ANY FUTHER TBTIPDNY IN THE LII-ZZO I
CASE » UPI SAID IT WAS TOLD THAT ROWE HAS A SIGNED STATEMENT
J V .
FROM THE U . S. OHARTMENT OF JISTICE SAYING THAT ROWE WILL NOT4 _ - . ' _ _,._. ..1. _BE ASKED TO TESTIFY FURTHER,= = A, - " " I -7
THE STORY SAID ROWE HAS HAD A BELLY FULL? OF THE CASE _
1mu um1s___No FURTHER PART 01-" it. " A -T.-"
BIRMINDHAPI ATTORNEY ART aA§:s uuo TOOK ovm 01.-zrsnsn or --'-
THE THREE KLANSNEN AFTER KLAN ATTORNEY HATT MURPHY WAS KILLED '-
IN AN AUTOPIJBILE ACCIDENT, SAID THLRSDAY THAT JLDGE THAGGARD I ~ '
,A
TOLD HIM THE TRAIL WAS POSTPONED BECALSE THE FBI COULD KIT LOCATE. , .
Q1--nun.-|92 _-..-_-__.-._ Q-1-_ _.-.@-__._.__ ' ' '-u-imsun.-iu UONTAIRFIED THIS STATEMENT. ~ " - ' '1
LDUNDES COLNTY DISTRICT ATTORNPI ARUTHLR BANBLRSAID THAT
THE FBI DID NOT ACTUALLY SAY ROWE CANNOT BE LOCATED. GAMBLE
SAID HE CALLED THE FBI BEFORE "THE TRAIL TO FIND OUT WHETHER
ROWE WOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR TESTIPDNY . HE SAID THE FBI TOLD
I-IIH ROPE HAD BEEN TURNED OVER, ID THE JIBTICE DEPARTMENT, AND --
fnm he FBI vo um coxmcr tn; JLBTICE nsvnammr nrmgnsvs I '
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ID 44-1245
PAGE THREE
BTHBLE SAID HE NEVER HEARD FROM THEN AND THAT HE HAD NO -.. _ A
E CASE BE FOETPONED HE DAID
HE COULD NOT CON DLBT THE TRAIL UITHOUT THE STAR UITNESS 6"-L-'1?-I»_"'-'."'9.-¥_@*»?-"~ ~Ii. __ --.92-I.
FIDUERS DENIED THE REPORT THAT ROBE COULD NOT BE FOUND.
" THERE IS NO BASISTOR SLDH A REPORT, HE SAID. HE UILL BE
AVAIl..ABL£,_il-{EN we ARE READY T0 my nu: suxr,-y-mums rou§ uP1'.1
LNI TED PRESS OLDTED THE FEDERAL OFFICIALS SAYING THEY IFBI! 1
mow um-zns HE 1s.. as Just won '1 coma aacx m rssnrv i =nz's
mu A sun ruu_, mars au.. as 1 UNDERSTAND 11, an mo not
UANT TO TESTIFY IN FEDERAL COLRT, BUT THE JLBTICE DEPARTMENT _ _
PERSUADIFD mu to . tum HE GOT A s!rsN1-in STATEMENT THAT H1: UOULD
[UT HAVE TD TESTIFY AGAIN ." ' 92- - _ __U .
I-IAINEB ALSO TOLD THE LPI THAT ROWE DID NOT UANT TO TESTIEY
AGAIN - " THE FBI HAD A HELL OF A TIME BETTING HIM TO TBTIFY
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sunzau mfé asim rmzvwusu nnvzssp rnaronu contact or sms1.:%
REGARDING DISTRICT ATTDRNEY ARTHUR GM'BLE'S STATEHENI QBOUE,
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urn: mans orncz was GM-BLE_'S IELEPPDNE cam. to sAn b7<_
APRIL Ivauw-No, LAST, IN IHICH annsu: INQLIIRED
,umc£m1us EVIDENCE. IN sass, to unucu sn_m=:r1-znnzo snnauz ,5-;__
to ms DEPARTI-IENT. GAPBLE 010 not DISCLBS GARY moms noun um 7
saw, mm no com~n&ms' REARIJLENG nan: wan: mus. P. b7 92
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ART I-IAINFS PAGE THREE LINE UORD FOlR "THEN"
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UNITED sTA'|'r;su0 h/IENT P I 1 'Memoranggn . 69* . i-'r"'i--. -r""""-
CIIJ
_ I _ '/-ffol;m = llr. Dehoaclr " mm ay 11, 1956 41%};-- I:/,1/". ' I10!-vI..._.i....- -- ~ 1 - Hr. Deboach - -'P """"-~ah. Bell _i 1
F*°** = A. osenf_ . 1 - Hr. Rosen _ _
_ 1; ' 1- - HI. Ia," ,1, 92
v 1 - Hr. McGowan §,SUBJECT EUGENE 'r1rcr.ms, s'r AL; 1 - hr. Hines1 ' ~ - ms. VIOLI Lxuzzo - VICTIM - Ir. Rick ' -
cxvn. amnrs 3--r
d .
Hr. St. John Barrett, Civil Rights Division of the
Department advised on 5/10/66, that the Department had received ,/Q
an inquiry from Associated Press regardin a statement made by K
Art Haynes, the attorney for the subjects in this case, who had
In allegedly stated that Eugene Thomas would never be brought to -
f, trial on the state murder charge in ayneville, Alabama, because ,_
lthe Federal Government would not make Gary Ihggggihge available
as n witness. Barrett desired to knowwHether or not a request
had ever been received by the Bureau concerning making Rowe _
available to the state for testimony.
. N;
__ It is noted that of the three subjects in this matter, .Collie Leroyjilgins was tried by the state for the murd of 4nF§T E1zno and was acquitted. Subject William Orvillefiztgn
who was not tried by the state is now deceased. shject Eugene
Thomas has never been tried on the state charges. The Government
produced Rowe to testify before the state grand jury and in the
two state trials involving the subject Wilkins. The Bureau has ireceived no request to produce Rowe to testify at the state _{.
trial of Eugene Thomas. A check was made with the Birmingham .
and Mobile Offices and they advised that no such request had been
received by those offices. Mobile advised that the only contact
they had received from state_authorities with regard to this
matter was on 5/10/66. * - -
I-L -- -_ -_ - --__ " .":'.
l,.m»" Alabama Attorney General Richmond Flowers on thatdatelealled SA Q for the purpose of advising him that
in the Iuture Circui So icitor Arthur Gamble would have absolutely
nothing to do with the case involving Eugene Thomas, an said
that the state might bring Eugene Thomas to trial in the Fall
of this year at which time they might want us to locate Rove.He made no request and 811- did not comment on the matter 0%
way or the other. _
--- 0%. ' 3? .
'§" /PM» ' - gm-W1 /./J. 1' fa . ?92""'?' -- 4 92'-.i3*-I "' "' "
Memorandum to a Leach ;
BE: EUGENE moms, E1 AL; ,
-'1";{ Mr. 3t. John Barrett on 5-11-66, Ias advised of '
th above information. He was specifically advised thnt_
the§FBI had not received any request concerning making
Rowe available to the state for testimony. Hr. Barrett
was also advised that in the event such a request was
received by the Bureau, it would be immcdigtgiy rgierredto the De art 1-. - *"- =' ' " =" W" F-"" " "é _ ___ ___ p? __men . ..;.*.;......,_,,;;...}.',-.1."Y'._,_..".
ACTION:
' For information.. --1 >9
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Ilcl._-inM emorandunt '
Camel ._..__._
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4- .to =.M.r"1w=en"¥;,:/ ~ -Mn-== May12.1966{ /-t. I, ::::.'..-~_.FROM . ' u ! }-{IR lg °a_. P4. OW J1 7 _ Mr. Maney Ju:
- 7 - Mr. McGowan
svBJwr= EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL. Mr, HinesMRS. VIOLALIUZZO - VICTIM - Mr, Hudggn é ""'
.1 lo /__ ,.
I CIVIL RIGHTS .- _ . . . . __.
6 :1 6 a
' At 11:30 p. m., 5-12-66, SAC James McGovern, '
Birmingham, telephonically advised the Bureau that United Press '
International had contacted him at 9:15 p.m. , Central Standard Time ,1:15 p. m. , Eastern Daylight Time!. The reason for calling was e
a story was circulating attributed to Art Haynes, attorney for the ' *'
subjects, to the eiiect that the state trial oi Eugene Thomas was -
called off because the FBI cannot find Gary Thomas Rowe, the
informant. SAC McGovern replied to UPls inquiry with No coiinment.!'
SAC McGovern also stated that UPI said a second story
was circulating attributed to a "reliable Federal official in 11/Iontgomery,
Alabama, to the efiect the FBI knows where Rowe is but that'Rowe is
reluctant to testify in view of the fact he has previously testified on the '-
same matter. - '
SAC McGovern advised there has been no request made '
oi the Birmingham Office nor has there been any request made of the ' .
ivioi:-iie Ofiice regarding the whereabouts or e'va.iiabit"y of Gar? Thoinas .5 f
Rowe. ' ~ - __, _.*' __-
The Civil Rights Division oi the Department advised on '
5-10-66, that an Associated Press inquiry had been received concerningthe same information. gr U-3 _ _ A ,3 -, 'RIG;-' 1-. / -'. 1';-'_I '~' HACTION: , ' / 7 ':__;__ ____,___ I
Crime Records Division been advised. Q gm 1 5 1955sséiiia: - . A 7 1
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YIIQMAQMIX II / 92 1|-IQ /I Ill Ill IUIDIIII-A ecu. co. no. an Tgl-5 ____iuumzn STATES 00* .NME'.NT " 2,;-'* ---
Ilet ....._.._...iMemorandum §§§--r:
_ , Fall__.i
= H r."'Rosen " DATE: May 12, 1966
~ / U - Mr. Rosen G A _§S'..l._'_.___
. 1... M Go "P" - MR M1118? *"1'.i ° -I._._'-"'ARON 0 _ - Mr. McGowan ;7L'*-~-
' - Mr. Hines
sua_|1=.c"r= EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL. - M;-_ nusonMRS. v1oLa"1.wzzo - VICThvl i
cwn. monrs v " M _ ,
f.at hm: .. Ufh |:=n=nn 1;»;-....i_r-92..L.. C5--92-92-"IQ.-.- M7»-ru, u.&92-I in 111- , U In UV, .|.uu-La. Linc, II-IPGIVJOUI. Ix92-talked with ASAC Edward S. Miller at Mobile concerning the iniormglon
the Department received relative to Solicitor Arthur Gamble allegedly .having inquiried of SA W three or four months ago concerning?
the availability oi iniorman. ewe to tesiy at the state trial oi Tmmas.
ASAC Miller advised that Gamble did not cont ct-relativeto Rowe being made available to testify and in fact has not talked tog J
Gamb1e_since September or Qctober, 1955. !§AC _._iuer tun-h_.-er Qvisemi.
that Gamble has not discussed the subject with any Agents of the Mobile
_ Qilice regarding Rowe's availability. - ' '
$
On 4-22-as, Gamble did telephonically contact sn i l>'?;.P at the Selma, Alabama, Resident Agency and said he' was .
reparing his case for trial and inquired regal-din evidence. He didnot make any inquiries concerning Rowe. S advised Gamble
that any questions he had should be directed to the Department of _' 7 -
Justiee. e .
ASAC Miller also advised he talked with sac iicoovem at
Birmingham who stated Gamble has not contacted any Birmingham - VAgents regarding Rowe's availability. ' . J =ACTION: <-=3¢i_ _z?,..!-Z G r
--~"i L | _,r- L .-< ""'* *
For record purposes. [I 5;; - u My 151955
. IA, .
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1Ir. John Dear_Ts'!'etaut Attorney General
?rector, I111 Hr H _ _ . alley e "-
O ' II are HCGOIQIISUGEIIE "mania, AND 0llL';RS; Ir. Hines l
ms. vaann-» wzzo .. ucnu ; Ir. Iickcum. nlcurs " "~e .:» o /¢-/
/L .
/0 /This will contirn iniorantion iurniahed to -
Ir» St. John Barrett or the Civil llighte Division eu - - I
lay 10, 1936, in respouoo to hie inquiry concerning a
Itatemcnt allegedly node by Art Haynes, the attorney tor ~- _.;,_,_,-~~-.-.lugone Theme, eho reportedly atatcd that Thomas vould
never be brought to trial on the state charge oi alurder
in connection with Ira. Viola I-iu::zo's death, because
the Federal Government Iould not make Gary Ihonaa love ; _available ea _e_"Ii.t*.:1e5||u Hm; 3 _ ; 92 -_ -l _. I; A gig ,92 _
- I" __ on 11 d'1IQd " 1
tho FBI had not received any request to make Rove available;
to the mate tor tentiaony, and that in the event such a - ;'
request was received by the Bureau, it Uould be iniaodiately I
reiorrcd to the Department. j ;92 n. '- ~ 1
I In-. Barrett's attention vaa celled to a contact e
made by Alabama Attorney General Richmond Flowers I!-th ' -ipccial Agent For our *~ ile Ottice on lay 10, ¥>'?o...- .
1956, fmrcin . overs advised that in the tutu:-e
Circuit Folicitor Arthur Ganhle IOU <1 have nothin to do
with the cane involving Ivonne 'l'hom:1a. I'lovera._,eaid that ,, t,the Btu: oi Alehnaa night bring Thomas to trial in the
loll oi this year at which time they night not the FBI 'to locate Rove. e made no request and Special Agent -
. 1 edid not cmmnent on the matter one vay or the ether. _ _'
On lay 12, 1906, Hr. Barrett edvieed that the Q
"Department had received information indirectly to the
eiiect that Solicitor rthor Gamble had lade inquiry oiSpecial I1.-:nt teeidcut Agent at Belnn, Mahala, 5"
about tlu-on months ago concerning the availability 0!
love..to tentity at the etate trial ot Thoma. Ir. Barrett",-requested that he he i92l|l;niehc-6 detnila oi any ouch/contact. *5"1 '~ K»-..»~1=<~»=1////-' ~'*"':TTJIB:rau' n non: sen"95;§:=» Del-o 1!3s!5Y¢92§§55:3"- 9!I7n" ,1 cat ion. -' .-. -1'-:55-T--3 ' | A ~ <1-M /1 '-
lr uh: Daar ,_ _.- V-a .,,£. ... .'--"~». -_
In rcuponm to this request Special Agent i5§¢. statcn that Solicitor Ganbl I: ' '0 as not contacted him .7
relative 1 Ewe being mud" rvnllablo to tettltIotatcd iw hrr that he has net. tallcd to Gamble since
Geptember r October, 196 0 April 22, 1986, olnitor 'Gamble did talvphonically contact Special Agent
at elm, Alabama. in: said that he us wepnnng .1 0:10P cane tor trial and inquired regarding theav deuce. Fe 1 not mks any inquiries: concerning lulu 7
Special A vnt adviéed tbllcitor Gamble can my
qucstionn h" hm] should bc directed to tho Du tpar neatJ ~s:t1-:c n. d Je did not cumnut tux-that continuing the
Rifle!-_'b?c.._
o£_ -bu.
11--1'.;.:'?'3-.. -'5}; .-1:-0-3;». ;~=.»?*¢~} Jr - 4-.-_~" 1 "."'."-.- "
I cent statcnerla b-wv. qppeaz-ed in the public
press cor crning the availability of Gar: thou: nova £0: ;_tastuuan; 1 the state trial of Buellu Thumam You ll! - ; ,_;;b-_t .be n mnul t 1-t the FBI ha: Mr" no cement to the IS 'vi ate-v¬r en-warning In-we or hi availability to ten 117.
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lid -.-......_i
Cau-v Memo ra naum ' 2::-.-..'-..-_.-._-:
_ _ ,. _ ~ :'DeL0achfS '°-*"= Mar 16, 1966_ -
mos =T# _ E_ wick A I '-:.':'....- _
/' » "1 SUB-IE<=T= EUGENE THOMAS, ETAL.; - E EWU ' " I =/MRS. VIOLA LIUZZO - VICTIM ,- ' '
cwm moms - - ' I
Reference is made to memorandum from Mr. Rose I R / '7 'Mr. DeLoach dated May 13th, copy attached, in which it was recom-=mended and approved that John Doar, Assistant Attorney General, Civil -3 ' _Rights Divisbn, Department of Justice, be assured that the FBI had 'made no comment whatsoever to the press re the availability of GaryThomas Rowe to testify in the forthcoming state murder trial oi -. E _-Eugene Thomas. On this memorandum, the Director noted: "0.K. but EI don't understand why we'don't tell anyone contacting our Field repre- " " "sentatives to contact the Dept.as we have nothing more to do in FederalField in this case. H. " - " ' --,--".9 _ * '
In accordance with the Director's instructions, we will E _I continue to refer any inquiries we receive from the press concerning '
Q c 'this matter to the Department r . .
w._ t-.RECOMMENDATION: J ' I '
'-T .None. For information. ' ~ ' A
Enclosure r. '- .- - -1 - Mr. Deboach _ k - I .-.. _£ -I j . .L-_-Mr. Rosen ,- , . - - "~
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" TEB:par_, - ' _ I . ;
_ I4! e;__ '. ,§__ -"fl" _ "E $1 I.
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L"§}'3~Eb"°§;.-re ooymusm 1% ' ' 3*?M " s ve?677107 anaum =3;--
' Fell
- . Gee"1 =llAr-__ hoaoh ' mm lay 13, 1966e -_ - a - 1 }.'.'.'.i."-___._
°'f" J. 305011 1 - Ir. Deboach
1 _ 1' I1. R0581!
1 - -.suaywr-EUGENE moms, tr aL.; 1 _ 533,151, _§ms. VIOLA muzzo - vwrnl 1 .- *
1 " cxvn. szonrs I :2 312: -g _
The United Press International in a'release dated
5-12-66 stated "FBI inforner Gary Thomas Rowe will not W .
testify again against three Kn Kluz Klansnen in connection ' I .
, with the nightrider slaying of Mrs. Viola Liuszo. ThQ_fygg?T§:§§§
release quoted a federal official who refused to be s*" ¥~*>3 *i*
identified as stating that Rowe "has had a belly full. 1 '""
_ "They the FBI! know where he is, he Just won't come back -i
to testify. The release further quoted the Federal . 3
official as stating that Rowe did not want to testify i g,Federal Court in the Federal trial in December, 1965, I:ich"
resulted.in conviction of the three subjects but the i
Justice Department pursuaded him to and he then got a P
signed statement that he would not have to testify again. ;
As you were advised by my memorandum of 5-ll-66, §
Mr.9John Barrett of the Civi1_Rights Division on 5-10-66 - 5
advised that Department had received an inquiry from f
Associated Press regarding a statement made by Art Haynes, .
the attorney for Eugene Thomas to the effect that Thomas .
Iould never be brought to trial on a state murder charge I
t because the Federal Government would not make Gary Thomas r
Rowe available as a witness. Barrett inquired as.to thether _¢or not a request to produce Rove for testimony in a state i
' trial had been received by the Bureau.
Barrett was advised on 5-ll-66 after a check with -
our Mobile and Birmingham Offices that the FBI had not lb
received any request to llk love available to the ltate
for testimony, ,. if i ;W__;g%"_.; ;_ 1 Inc_losurqan1-92-g": IT-I2-4 $_ _ . ESP? 13313 0:30;] 5
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~we., _ - sf-~~-qrféhr-~és; as *"it ."°_;v'~i- .-.....*"'.=_g,-,-_ ,;~,-.~,-,:@_:?;»?'*.*...*'"_.-.""92- -=..f-;.-sew".-sr2e:'x..:n:z===*-"'*..
. ,, .
Nemorandum to ltr. De!-each
- as: sugars moms _ _ ,_
Barrett was advised Alabama Attorney General Richmond A Floairs on 5-10-66 had contacted S oi the Iobild
Office tor the purpose oi advising h m xa n the future
' Circuit Solicitor Arthur Gamble would have nothing to doh
§
I
+
r .' with the case involving Eugene Thomas. He to1d_that
ltbe state might bring Ihomas to trial in the tall, at ehich '
time they might want the FBI to locate Rowe. Flowers made-r
0 1
. no request and SA_did not comment on the matter one
way or the other. Barrett was advised that ii any such
request was received by the Bureau it would be immediately
reierred to the Departmeht., - _ -
Subsequent to above on'5-12-66 Barrett advised that
the De artmcnt had received a rumor tnom the ress that " P PSolicitor Arthur Gamble had made inquiry of SA b
Resident Agent oi Sela, Alabama, three or tour monthF_aE3'
concerning the availability of Rowe to testiiy at the state
trial oi Thomas. Barrett desired to knee ii there'was any ,-
merit to _this rumor. . -
' say has advised that Solicitor Gamble am not
contact him ative to Rowe being made available tc>testiiy
and Frye stated that he has not talked to Solicitor Gamble.
since September or October, 1965, which was prior to the
|i e_dera1 trial of Thomas and the other two subjects. ,_
_ ASAC Edward S. Miller of the llobile Office on
5-12-66 advised that Solicitor Gamble has not discussed
the subject oi availability oi Rowe with any Agents oithe Mobile Oiiice. He said that on 4-22-66 amble b
Z.|-
-
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telephonically contacted SA t"Se1na, q L.
Alabama, and said that he was preparing the Thomas case '"
for trial and inquired regarding evidence. He did not
nnke any inquiry concerning Renee BA iadvised 59%Gamble that any questions he had shoulmlirected tb
the Department oi Justice and made no further comment;
This information was iurnished to Ir. Barrett on 8-13-66.
R
. On the night oi :~:--12-es sac McGovern oi the
Birmingham Office advised that United Press International
had-contacted him at 9:15 Pm. and advised him that a etory,__-.
was pirculating attributed to Art Haynes, attorney tor O
Thomas to the ettect that the state trial oi Thomas was
called oti because the FBI cannot iind Gary Thomas Rowe, '
__BAC lcovern answered the United Press International
4 inquiry--eith "no comment." ' | . _ _ - _ F, _ .- .. , . V n ¢' e ' _J
ee7Cu
e
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Iemorandum to Ir. Dehoach .f_ BE: EUGENE THOMAS. , *. ~- F: '_ 5 As indicated above the Department has been " h -receiving inquiries trom the press and it is true that ' 3 KRowe did not want to testify in the Federal trial of the i_ three subjects in Hayneville, Alabama, in late November, E-965. qTfe'
A . _ »
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92
. ACTION: __ "*' _ Attached tor approval is a letter to John Boar,
Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division, doniirning 'the information furnished to Mr. Berrett,-and assuring hi! -that the FBI has made no comment whatever to the press '
relative to.the availability or Rowe tor testimony. ' =
W '4/ J 9 wn
a ~=-5~»m~ Mr-1.'.-1>. mf~'sL,._% win. tE . ,,¢<>q-na_'t%> §Z92iTtQr
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9? Q? 1..
IDeLoach ..__._,
llohr ____,___
lick _..__,___
Casper _..._.._,__
Callahan _.___
Conrad _.___
Felt ......_______
Gale
Hosea -3;...-_.....__' §
0--_:-_~*_*-5 I
'_ Létjoggcl the Nation ! _
'LiUZZQTll -=-=- -=-
' MONTGOlIERY,All.
-. The murder Mal of Kn Klu!
Kilns:-nan Eugene Thanna
- in the alulng of clv-H rig-nti
_1-worker Viola Llano Inn
been delayed until the fall
' term at le I-equelt-0! I
| date: Itlnmey.
District Atinrney Arthur
"E.Gnmb1e aid he asked for
the delay because he had
" __ !'l'leudn0ih.i1'|gl'0tnU'|eJus-
lice Department when he
asked whether ue dale!
witness, FBI inow-mer Gary
-'IhormsBo-Ie,1ruu1dbaan_ ;92 .Inhnnd In testify when that
.- trtnl begun Monday. 'lhen._
E lm! been reports that Ron
ldhtlnatwlnttaleltlly.| The Justice Department'-In Washmgton laid R0w0'_1 I ;w-qma um _lv_a!labtn1' ';'."twg§!1 !
I ,~ 1 . 0
In Q Q
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' "p., -- Sullivan ._._._
Tavel -_.;.'___
'l'rotte:__._____
Tale. Boom
I-lalrnelu Candy ....______
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Tim Uaahtnqtoa Pastand ?
92- Tina: Harald _92_,i _
The Iaahtnqlun Dllllf QI__;
Thu Evanlnq Ila-r " "
New Yuk Harald Tribune ___
New York Journal-Ran:-lean _
New You-I Dally NI-an
Ila: fart Post _
Till Nil Y. Illa.
The Itlllllnnea Ian ._;,
H00 latter __
'I"hO Ni. LICQII __ --
'l'l92Q Icll llrballjomggl ,
The llallonnl Ubnaeagg
Paapla Iarld '
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'7 " ' "" ~-- --v- ~ ~-~ -- e- . . .. ._ __ .-
I UNFTED STATES H£L}RNbHTF lib, .
Memorandum ~ -
11> = DLRECTDR, FBI 4-20001! mm: 5/23/es _
1 - ~ FROM ' jsnc, um-.' o1u.1=.1ms 51-3954! P! " -_. II/4"" '
IIIBII-1=r= nucuzus moms, nun;
VIOLA ensue LIUZZO, Aka.,- ET AL - vlcrxus A
CR; EL
Re New Orleahé letter to Bureau, 4/21/66.
On 5/18/es, m-. nzcmma wxnmonsr, Deputy ClerkFifth Circuit Court of Appeals, lee Orleans, Ln,,rldvi8edthat the printed record was tiled 5/3/66. ' ;. .1
W111 advise the Bureau and Iobiie 01 decision _in this matter. . I - f 1'7 '. .4 .
G!: Bureau ' I
2 - Mobile 4-1245! * a
2 - New Orleans
CL]!/med _! 1
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_~ mi.
1'!
e ' .F£c.1E.#;/,1/e~m{,;¢ 7271 ¢ ...--..u ~.a.~.~::-;__p ..- mi. ' A ~ nmv:§i=éss "
f - u' r@__ ; " - ;Q I {J ' 5 ' ¢%u
'__ -. 1 ¢ I 92 ' ' U J -I - __H_ I _
7 '_ I 4 I _
" Bay U.J. Suing: Bond: Regular!! an I5: Pljroll Suing: Plea __ 1 _. Z_ _ *-
., .7 8;
" -' :::;::f :.':.'°:.. ., ~ _' 1.....e",.4UNITED s'm'rF.s 1 RNMENT {,f:"_:é
Memorandum
"1 =Ilr. DELoach one; - in
raou _!A osen 1
._, 1
- 1
1
1
1sumschEUGENE ruonns, ET AL.;
HRS. VIOLA LIUZZO - VICTIM
CIVIL RIGHT5 '
1/18,
Ur.
Ur.
Ir.
Ir.
Ir.
Ir..S _ I
The United Press International in a release ate76 étestiiy again against three In Klux Klansmen in connection1&4@%*§2
~ 4'1966
Dehoach
Rosen
Halley
McGowan
Hines"
Iick9292{
5-12-66 stated "FBI informer Gary Thomas Rowe will nothe ___
Callahan --_-
Gwlad -__,__
I 1|I
Gale
I n ,1
0| -i_.-
1'rum-|,_..____
T010. la-ai'_..
llal52:.-i-@
. with the nightrider slaying oi Ira. Viola Liuzzo. The :~+; ;,94Ti
identified as stating that Rowe "has had a belly toll
"They the FBI! know where he is, he Just won't come ba
to testify." The release further quoted the Federal"release quoted a Federal oiiicial vho're£used to be'Y " w
. ' 1ck ~T:i%;2g,
9 .
As you were advised by my memorandum of 5-11-66, ..F,-oiiicial as stating that Rowe did not want to testify ta ; ¥,Federa1 Court in the Federal trial in December, 1965, a i§h'/Q37,resu1téd~in conviction of the three subjects but the £5 !Justice Department pursuaded him to and he then got anq .l- Q
signed statement that he would not have to testity again. -/1
Hr.9John Barrett of the Civil Rights Division on 5-10-66_
advised that Department had received an inquiry from e
Associated Press regarding a statement made by Art Haynes,
the attorney for Eugene Thomas to the effect that Thoaas
would never be brought to trial on a state murder charge
heeause the Federal Government would not make Gary Thomas
asito thether Rowe available as a witness. Barrett inquiredor not a request to produce Rowe for testimony
trial had been received by the Bureau. A
Barrett was advised on 5-11-66 after
our Mobile and Birmingham Offices that the FBI
received any request to nake_8oae available to
tor testimony. A _ WAin a Qta
a hheek with "
had note IQ. jg
iv
!. t.--7
the ltate ' ;
Q
.__,..._ -192-.:---""'92. ' -- En~=1<==921r~w.-=--<".: :1-/<-45 H _I9°i".-WIf-f. .'.."l?___]
qr» """ ~.JIH,_=.<=1! '; .7! . x qt_" "19 JT »Jru::.'.»1 Q . - L ~*
.. _ ., ,92' '1'1M"§'-13 3.* .8 " conrnwao-oven
é K ./7*"
1. ab-.92r =3 aw amass T I' +
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aI
Iemorandum to Hr. Dehoach
RE: EUGENE THOMASht ' ».
. i Barrett was advised Alabama Attornc General Bichmond ' "Flowers On 5-10-as had contacted SA#oi the llobila b?
Office for the purpose oi advising him tha n the future
Circuit Solicitor Arthur Gamble would have nothing to dowith the case involving Eugene Thomas. lie told_that 57;,-
the state might bring Thomas to trial in the fall, at ihichtime they might want the FBI to locate Rowe. Flowers made _bno request and SAP did not comment on the nutter one 7"
any or the other. arrett was advised that it any such
request was received by the Bureau it would be immediately '
referred to the Department
Subsequent to ibove on 5-12-66'Birrett advised that 7£E"
the Department had received a rumor from the press that
Solicitor Arthur Gamble had made inquiry oi all Igor:
Resident Agent of Selma, Alabama, three or four month!-Ego
concerning the availability oi Rowe to testify at the state g
trial of Thomas.- Barrett desired to know it thero:aasany :-
merit to this rumor. ' , - - -t as
Slinhas advised that Solicitor Gamble did not bP¢_contact him re a ive to Rowe being made available to92testi£y ']an_d stated that he has not talked to Solicitor Gamble ,'
since uBptOmbEr or October, 1965, which was prior to the .
[Federal trial of Thomas and the other two aubJecta.' "
ASJ92C Edward S. Miller oi the Mobile Office on
5-12-G6 advised that Solicitor Gamble has not discussed '
the subject oi availability of Rowe with any Agents of
the liobilc Office. He said that On 4-22-66 Gamble
telephonically contacted SA_at"'Se1laa, 92>'7L- DAlabama, and said that he was preparing the Thomas casefor trial and inquired regarding evideniel He did not_g
I92n92rn aha! is-nnntvlay annunngwun-I-any I92aQ l calla! anal ' a _auunv Baa; -Lal92.iua.AJ Q-92|;,|92_,IvJ,&l<Lllg INIIIG. |a|a'92lII-PUB -.Gamble that any questions e had should be directed to
the Department of Justice and made no further conmentt
This information was furnished to Hr. Barrett on 5-13-66.
_, .0? '__'IfP-H- .On the night of 5-12-56 SAC McGovern oi the
Dirmingbnn Office advised that United Press International
had contacted him at 9:15 9.1. and advised him that a atory _;
wasgcirculating attributed to Artiaynes attorney for * _:§Thomas to the cticct that the state trial of Thomas was _.hcallhd off because the FBI cannot find Gary Thomas Bose. rrti
SAC=NcGovcrn answered the United Press 1nternationa192.h" F"s*2
inquiry with "no comment."- g_";.; ' 77 1 §j-;
a . - - __ -
-u
3 .~=» . e. S .
7 7. "!"_ ' -" fr ' "_P:*->7-%*T7 W __ 7 W_-T 1
:_g.,I@§-F§"' -_"j'I-'_"."' -'"F"- P-"_§ §%i1*r& .y'GI""_|J!"I '..F"""92 ""92l92-'92.an-531-4'!-'I! ',aIJ.Z.J;'§*"'_l?Y'.W'-H ' Ti.-a."'l§""i'@ IIFICDIFEIH I-a-. 4: PW-J'92_1 bl. ,~=-9' , -. 1 . ' . - _4 11. .7, ......._. I . . . .... , . . . M- . .__,_._ . _... . . . .... ., i....._.__._ _. .. .. 92 ....__ 92 . . . . . .¢d_.......,__-.e__ie-_,._ . --i
1____ e e _...._-------.--,4-an-an--1...; _.T , - . - c! _ ' : 4,?>; ;?;ffij;;Q
_ .. - -~ _l- Flu--7-:
. LA . - . r e.- e ---~+
Iemorandum to Hr. DeLoach
RB: EUGENE TIIOHAB .
._- _' _ j . As indicated above the Department has been
receiving inquiries from the press and it is true thatRowe did not want to testifythree subjects in Hayneville
1965.
Aw V .
ACTION: H - - -~ e * i 'in the Federal trial oi the
, Alabama, in late November,-92,~»v...-
_.-_4-4- -.,* ...
-u-&.VJ_"I -
==a~v-as.7 .--' '. '5:
/-7-'
.
.- Attached for approval is a letter to John Dear, *'Assistant Attorney General Civil Rights Division, confirming .the information iurnished to r. Barrett,.and assuring him .i that the Eb! has made no comment wh t 'a ever to the pressrelative to the availability of Rowe for testimony. T
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I"_ér.°uI.d the Nana n -'1 _ I-ioIm.es ED .0 .' DeL.ouch ...__..
liohr _
lick
Casper
Callahan ___....
Conrad
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MON'1GOMERY.Aln.
The murda"uhJo:I§I92_:IKlu1Klmn-nan Eugene om!
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been dc-hyed Inmtll liar full
$2.-.':1'. :-t 2.1: r.-qua! 9! Q
|t||tc'l lltomey. 1 *.' *'
, District Attorne! ArthurB. Gamble ld he lsked
ue delay becaual ha In
hen-d nothing from the Jus-
llce Department when he
ggked Whether" In dliel
_|w1tne-ss. FBI informer Gal!
Thmms Rowe, would be on
hand to testify when the
trial began Mandi!» Then
- had been Nomi! thy} 3""
did not mm In u!-
| "The Jultlce Dtrllflmrnl
in Wgghlngtnn Illd Rowe
would haw been rvllllble
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Timon Heroldtlihe Iolhlnqlon Di-Nauru '.__The Evening Star F .
lrllw Yhti Harald Trlbuno .._._
Hour York immui-inaraeun _
New Tort Doliy Nun ._.__;
Now York Pool ___?i_____
The New York Timon _Z,......
The Balllnora Sun ii-
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_ ' .}'_:*301111 DOI92 ., CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION, DEPARTBERI II JUSTICE +1*-
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:]1;"!IUrE: i_',Abc|vdH.£struct1ons being forwarded to otiicea involved in.,___,§" '"hant_!1..in;".0£ t=n1l_1.__1_=s¢;.r and 91 iraferaant Bose pursuant ta Lnetruetien{;'j __",_;:_-%rtlWP;*.i";ectpjI1i! Bee' 'a:em- vllosan to Dehonch dated 5-13-8'6. "if-1~m---__'_ "51"M £ - { ~ K --: _:Ti_:_ V._._-':;:W ___ W _ V -' '_-1 r" V92
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lliil ll-rlnuHon. Sir: I note in your explanation of your duties, " ="""
in Human Events, you did not say why one of your -
Agents rode along with the man who is accused Q ,~. _ _| shooting Mrs. Luigi last year, and did nothing to A; - -e
prevent her slaying. In other words, your agent was - , .4, ; .there aiding and abetting her murder, for the purpose '-hf t. ' e t
oi getting "evidence" for your iiles. II that isn't the _ ,isneakenest way to get the knowledge you want, I am a J " ' ' " ' ",» 8° a - ~~ --~+ FT:
|God knows he could have prevented her loss of life .. _ , t'
had he not been a sneak with power of the law behind him," " _ '|And your office. This Johnson Mess, is thebiackest ._ .- gm y '1page in our history. Every one Connected, even blackea-1* fr _
than these Communist Negroes you are so prone to push ,; _,, .~}e_'f ti 'down the throats of those who are gagged by that E0 aiieci __ ' _ 7Rights law. And all for cheap, dirty, Politics to Elect, '_ ;. . ' 7
Even Cheaper and dirtier creatures to office. Shame. Y" ":-----_.___.-_
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UNl'IF.D S'1'A'll-.8 Kr '{NMEN'IM emorandum 1 vlulu: .-.....__
DH.c92Ir92h ______.
IO¢k._.....i__
ClQer.__..._.
Cll I!_..___
|J Y -. "'1rubj Mr. Wick! - mn'+;¢ "6-SO-B6
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_ lichen .-i-
Gnly _.-..._.__
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. . .
By letter dated June 27th to the Director, captioned
individual accuses this Bureau of aiding and abetting in the murder
of Mrs. Luigi in as much as one oi our "Agents" was present when
she was shot and did nothing to prevent it. - - -re. . . -.-K. '1' wt
The general tenor of his letter indicates that he is t'
a racist and against the present administration. His communication
is generally intemperate and irrational and does not warrant a .
response. Accordingly, captioned indivldual's communication _-
willmot be acknowledged. a
. .BE_ICQMMl:INDATION: ' a
That captioned 1ndivldua1's letter not be acknowledged. .
. _/
1 - Mr. Wick - Enclosure .. -7_- -_'-|__ .».. .
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- 10 : ; nrvrcron, FBI 4-22601! "_ 9,12; 7 6/34[§6- 1 _ _ i _ - l _ ._ -",1: _ 5j I
_ I '*_f£ ,_§-.--,. : , _. FRO !. SAC, NEW ORLEANS 57-3954! P! ' .'. 'x'.¢4'!_e.
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sunjncr. nus:-"mi moms, sr AL; "_ " =--6vrom came LIUZZO, aka., . A *p et =1 - vxc-nus _ . _ j--'_-,;;__,
1 en; EL - e . -1 "* '#*' A; i A .- . VI . 1,-».~e ... _._!.." DRe New Orleans letter to Bureau,'5/23/66{*§I_gfi-p ljfl_. _, _ _ --.."n.~ .-
On 6/21/es, Ir. RICHARD IINDHORST, Fifth Circuit!?» -»Court of Appeals, New Orleans, La., made available! ?F§2§?*
copies of Brief for Appellants; Number 23289 tiled '-»'; 0 16/20/66, copy of which is enclosed £or_the Bureau and _Q-- Mobile. ' l "! ' ".-. ."' '_ . - -.| '-
I111 advise the Bureau and Iob11e_of decisiqp 1n athis matter. ' - ;-,1
_. -'
92"'"5. B" 'V 1-
2'- Buaeau Enc. 1! ' _d _,
- Mobile 4-1245! I-Inc. 1! - '7" '
2 - New Orleans -
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qj i i *-I __ , i_ T I _i_ E
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEAIS '
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT 1
an-nii|--__
N O. 23289
COLLIE LEROY WILKINS, JR., and
EUGENE THOMAS,
Appellants
7018!]!
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
.Amw"~ ,
iii.
APPEALS FROM THE UNITED STATES '
DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMAla-=
B!.L__TFF' FOR .l..?PELL..N'!.'S
U S COURT OF APPEAL!
F I L E D
JUII 20 I955
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Suite 1627 ' "' '
'1wen§y-One Twentv-Ono Building
Birmingham. Alabs..11a 35203 iAttorneys for Appellants
mrrnvn I HANES
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I~ Page
STATEMENTOFTI-ECAS-J......... . . . . . . . . . 1
srricrrrcnriou or canons ........... ..
92,"Motion to Dismiss Indictment .. . . . ..- - - - | - Q - u u Q u Q c oeneoneuq a Q - n | u n - - - ---tuna 1'2
Arraignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . - . . . 2
. . . '2
Motion for Bill of Particulars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 2-3
Testimony for the United States: "
L. B. Sullivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
William Haynes Jones . . . . .. .
Paul James Durnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ,
Walter Ray Butts .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Robert C. Roton . . . . . . . ...
Harold F. Charron. Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..
Stephen J. Fearon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Jack T. Beverstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Neil P. Shanahan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
R. W. Goodwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Carl E.Campbell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
E. J. Dixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Gary Thomas Rowe. Jr. . . . . . . . ...
. Dr. Paul E. Shoeitt . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Roy Eveland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Ouida Larson . . . . . . . . .... . . . ...
Archibald L. Riley . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Leroy Jerome Moton . . . . . . . . . . ...gglsse Mcgahgm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. - .
omes . ughnessy . . . . .. . .
Edward M. Leahy . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Charles Donald -Byron .. .... ..
John F. Connaughton
Ralph Butler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Lawrence G. Getting! .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Marion E. Williams . . . . . . . . . .
RichardW.F'1sclr . . . . . . . . . - .
Motion for Judgment of Aoqulttel . . . . . . . . . . ...
Charge to Jury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Supplemental Charge to Jury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Verdict and Sentence . . . . . . . . .. J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .- - - n - - - n | oso
IIIIIQOIIIQ
- - - - Q - o onae
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.... . . . . . . ... 35
. . . . . . . . . ... 36
. . . . . 36
. . . . . . . . . . ... 36
37
one37
. . . . . . 40
40
41
nee41
41
42
1. The court erred in denying appellants motion to -
dismiss the indictment R. 16-17!.2. The court erred in denyin nu»! Dents motion tor.
e bill of particulars R. 16- .
3. The court erred in admitting over objection the
following testimony and evidence: .
A. U. S. Exhibits 1 and 2 R. 194-195!. '
S. Exhibits 3 and 4 R. 204; 208-9!. '
i
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-'1-uH.----7-. .'92-i - - r ~.. 92- ...'. _..~!j---i92-*£--- e-'- ~ .-27:54-'nA" :* ' 3.:-_-'.-;3'T. ;,,.v-"
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H. __ , -...1,. .._l - 35 5':-3*? ' 12'-'-.~*..--. '¢,u,_ _ £5-..,.;1,;: Hrm 1.! ,,-!--";.'_-|-=-'- i v--L '92§ . 1. '|"'. .v_.~'r.*,i_,;,:y._t,J4;,, .92-_ _' :?:!?,':-|l~';7<.-.['-If-Iiila . 1..~- -7; '_-.1- . -ti-=~*l5r.Z'*?3.~=».5;-.=¢-.-I-:;-'-:'- '--i.rf"-I:-t" -"-t1,.:~_',r'92_ . *1 ii.-_ .1 1,4 Jr 1-,. ,'. -. >_- .45.: 5- .§ ¢92§Zi::.§:¬l£"1i~¬'.'E-1,'I.".Q92l.1 , .-3f".;,.:-15;,-1_',I-..'i3_ j_. r _ .5; -1--Y-:1. -__-;_l ~_ i .='.'' ,;-92' r'<£i'-::.'*,:-.?',' . *1 sew -<1---'.*. 1,-, - - I-1-'r.. "T-..'-.. ""I-
.*-'5 air .. M-..>'.~'-'--'*'.*-1-.1 .5 .-': ' 1- .'-1'- --:_-.--p. ..._, --.7 -,'92 "--.i~-W1" *5 -§"-iJ<.-_-.-. _~i-" _ . J..-="=_".-:3-;7§.5-*l';'11¢;=, -1;,-',.' ..=.l.;'.».92-'1 ;-F 3i}'¥~',' .U'r. J1 r , H .> .-.w ;_.*'.. ..'.~- ...-..- »r. .- -. ».
1
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- :."' ' i...1a-."'-";. '+._:_3_,@§;;,g=,
J.
9'
27'..~ e,,... ._: a-l
1,; -11 '-4 "'- s" k_;.I 0'.§_;92r;.__,_ ._ ___.,;,.=<:,-;.~_'- ji
' L. ~".'!'.'."'.1*»1',, -.-r-.->. -'1c 1- I '3;
- -1-=4; _-'._.._ _-,.-__ _.-..-._. 1.--ll-. ..-
1 s-.-*§§%'lV'=;!'~'l'-".-',*r:- -.<1"'§=.;.'-.-_J, -.;'."/1.1, r1CIn I 1;-.:;};_.-_._<-J.
. -i.~~|92_-:-e r33.-»,'-?.'»I " .13 -' -.121 =- ."92 -":1,
'.-1'1 > .-3'-f-_.'I - |. .-- -
.» ---1_. -, .._~*1. , . .-...-.... - a» -
.
-:1-11;--': .'.*.;1sl
4 R. 404, et seq.!. _
F. Testimony as to telephone booth R. 413!.
-' G.-"Testimony as to Klan activities and .
purpose R. 440-442!.
92 I-I. U. S. Exhibits 36, 37, 38 and 41 R. 758; 708!.
4. The court erred in denying appellants motion as
for judgment of acquittal R. 823!.
5. The court erred in allowing the United States to
close the argument to the jury, even without objec-
tion R. 93+-942!. 92
6. The court erred in charging the jury, even at the
request of defendants, concerning their faiiure to
testify R. 96-97!.
7. The court erred in its supplemental charge in that
it was coercive and did define incorrectly a Sec. 241
conspiracy R. 114-117!.
8. The court erred in entering a judgment of guilty
against appellants in that said judgment was contrary
to the weight of the evidence and was not supported
by substantial evidence CLW, R. 72; ET, R. 73!.
.r.EG'.'MEN'l
Joint I.
Au indictment under 18 USC Sec. 241 is fatally de-
fective where the right alleged to have been con-
spired against is not one secured by the Constitution
or laws of the United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Point II.
Where the means alleged in an indictment for con-
spiracy enlarge the statutory definition of conspiracy
in Sec. 241 the indictment is fatally defective. . . . . .. .
Point III.
Failure to exercise a sound judicial discretion in
denying a motion for a bill of particulars requires
a reversal of a conviction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Point IV.
Admission of testimony and evidence over objection,
which testimony and evidence is prejudicial to a sub-
stantial right of a defendant, is error. . . . . . . . . . . . ...
oin't V.the ractice of allowing the prosecution to close theafiigtftmthe jury violates the due process clause
of Amendment V, U. S. Constitution, even without
objection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Point VI. .
The failure of a court _ _, trial under 1!
USC Sec. 241 to charge the jury the defendants must43
46
4-:3/ if . " 5? 11,;
I U E. Testimony as to Klan organizationby the prosecution. is reversible error, as in violation
of Amendment V, U. S. Constitution, even without
objection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Point VII. . '
For a court to instruct a jury, even at the request of
a defendant. that his failure to testify does not create
any presumption against him is fundamental error in
violation of Amendment V, U. S. Constitution. . . . .. .
Point VIII.
A supplemental charge to a jury in a criminal case
which is coercive demands a reversal of a verdict and
judgment of conviction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .
Point IX. _
The evidence, taken in the light most favorable to the
prosecution, manifests it was not sufficient to support
a verdict and judgment of conviction and that the
verdict and judgment was against the great weight
of the evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
SUMMARY mo concwsion ................ ..58
60
53
B4
70
. .. .. 71 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
CITIKWCNS
Cases :
Allen v. U. S., 164 US 492 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 83
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483, 493-495 . . . . . . 58
GO, 61 Bruno v. U. S., 306 US 287 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Carroll v. U. S., 267 US 132, 159, 160 . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .
Carter v. State. 6 0klaCrimRep 232, 118 P 254 .3 . . . . . .. .
Giodcnello v. U. S.,' 357 US 480 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. .
Griffin v. California. 380 US 609 61,
Hallv. Ware, 92US778 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hanks v. Com., 248 Ky 203, 58 SW2d 394 . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
I-lardiev.U.S.,22F2d803 CA5! . . .
Hart v. State, 88GaApp 334,76 SE2d 581 .
Jenkinsv.U.S.,380US445............... ..
Johnsonv.U.S.,207F2d31-1,321....... . . . . . .65
61
L.-I~ .51-gstate t-*"°;?L.ong *324rMo. 205. 22.SW2d.. . _.;@--1 ,,_.. , ,~. 92"_suts}v.fzspé, zoa NC tea. tsesmgsltSu-l.Lg%v. U. S., 157 F2d 661 CA5! . . . . . ...
. Com., 25 KyLRep 233. T7 SW 363
Beater 342 F2d_j]3 CA6!
Cruikshank 92 US 542, 552
El Rancho Adolphus Products, 140
upp 354, 364 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
. Guest, _US._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
' . Hattie, 331 US 145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Lawson. 337 F2d 800, 811 . . . . . .. . ,.
Lefkowitz. 285 US 452 . . . . . ...
Lopez, 26 FRD 174 DC,NY! . . . ...
Mason, 213 U5 £15 . . . . . . . . ...
Office see Ricou-Brewster Building
119 FSupp 24 DC,La! . . . . . . . . . . . ...
v. Olmstead. 7 F2d 760 DC,Wesh! ..
v. Rabinowitz, 339 US 56 _ _ . . . . . .. .
v. Smith, 16 FRD 312 DC,Mo! .... ..
S. v. Williams, 341 US 70, I3 . . . . . . . . .. .
Viereck v. U. S., 318 US 236 . . . . . . . . . . ...
"'-igner v. U. S., 171 F2d 354, 364 CA5! . .
'-aver v. U. S., 253 F26 .495 CA5! . . . ...
fson v. U. S., 149 US 60 . . . . . . . . . . .. .
.- Ell: v. U. S., 211 F2d T70 CA4! . .. . .
.'foo Lat Chun v. U. S., 274 F2d 708 CA9!
tioruititiitionii Provisions, Statutes and Hula:
U. S. CONSTITUTION:
Amendment I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Rev. Stat. S5509 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Title 18 USC Sec. 241 . . . . . . . . .. . 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 58,
Title 18 USC See. 242 . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Title 18 USC Sec. 371 . F, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Title 18 USC Sec. 3481 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Fed. R. Crim. Pr0c., 18 USC.
Rule 7 I! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Rule 41 {bi ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Rule 41 c! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Rule 41 e! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .Rur.52 b! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Flute 57_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Other Publieetiiesr
Anne. 84 Led 261,"et seq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
ivv'iison, NY, 1357! . . . . . . . ...
Summers, When It Rousse, How to Debate,
Wilson. NY, 1963! . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . .. .llllll e o e Ion
. - - - ---
CC405 Bates, Fed Ca: No 14. 543 2 Cranch,
. - 1 - - o | - - ---
I . . - - , . ..-
. . . . . . . . . ...
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ... ,53
. . . . . . . . . ..-
. . . . . . ...48,
. . . . . . . . ...
. . . . . . . . . ...
. . . . . . . . . ...
. . . . . . . . . ...
. . . . . . ...54,
. . . . ... . 45,
Amendment IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 52, 54,
A.'nend.'nentV....... 56,612,
Amendment XIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 43, 44, 45, 46,
- . . - - - . - . o--
- - - - - - - - ¢ --~
o a > - - . - - . -.-
- s - - - - . - » ¢--
- . . . - - - - . ..-
- . . . . . - » . ---
- - . - . | - - . -.'
- - - - . . - .--
Musgrove, Competitive Debate Rules and I
- u s s s | ¢ ¢ Q |an
¢ Q u | . - u ¢ - ---til57
45
61
56
B4
45
54
. . . . . . . . ... 4a
...§ ..... .. as
52
54
54
-i
i i- 44 _.4-an . ._..__._,_:L
A
ml
5'1
--- -<-~~". . . ."* 'r"*?"""-"'3."-"""-1"" l"'*F" ""t*l'§I'i1l'-"92-92-392-'!i92~H'M-i92l"1~;L»92- i&us--1.a~,:.- -'-'.-4. an - - , - -..».. . . . - .1- -. i ._ . 4 - .,_ , , 1. 3 _-~; .- __ _ _ . ;-, - - _ . ,. -up-irau-i p _-g,-.-ii-§i=@'-gin-1ti-;é.;l§ls?..a.392s.§%.':t-»_ -it.-rr.rs_.'+#li-1a.t.t..4#;" .$.,-',t..-.,".-._@|upe,...-...».,.i¢s-¢i.ii=...l,-.;.,,|,,,.92- ' .. - -' " " -1' a - tr -,1 . _"*$Ie"1"Pl*~i' 1. . '-'_ _ mvuqem =.._ .i--4|--1 r- -|~ - .411--.. ... ._--.. - I ____ p ' A_ __ __ __ - __- ' " ' _ ' _ _1. _ l . .1-fv V I V In If ILL I _t._-.;'.','_._§ ;_-__-,, |_:fs_- .| .5.-!'_ _ , . '___ *7 M- . __- ,;i>__r -,-:..-.-rm.,.._,~_._,r1:I- .. n. . .'fI¢,-<0, _; It|;¢_.¢;- 92 ' " '" ' , - ' - 1" -..i:im'=-It 2...--....t. -i'.=...J~tats..i"-h--i-?i..:.......'.~.i.e.~.....i.....-=-1 Hi: . .=-its-in ....._.e;; &" . ,-- .-L ' , "2 - -' -. -; . '»- '-4;".-=¢-;-_.;'i ,- .'2.z.--2 J . - J .. 4»_' . "-3 , -- "--_' - ' '- ."I,i_§.'-$7, 1 t.*'7i" ,--', _g _'i - >' - Q..._3---. - 92..;-.~- "
Constitution imdlaws of the United Statesf and be-l - " ' 6 - people are those Persons that were encased In the
cause of tl'ieir_}_iaving exercised such rights. R. 2!
One specific right of these unnamed citizens alleged
to have been anridged in said manner by indictees was,
among others. The right to participate in a protest
march pursuant to a plan approved by the United
States District Court, Middle District of Alabama
R. 3!. -1.
Appellants were arrested on April 7, 1965, and each
released on bond of $50,000 CLW, R. 5-6; ET, R.
6-7!. They were arraigned by the Ceurt on Novem-
ber 5, 1965, and each pleaded Not Guilty R. 7-10!.
X motion to dismiss the indictment was filed on No-
*er 19, 1965 R. 15-16!, after proceedings about
. notion were held on the preceding day R. 18-37!.
l :<e ultimate basis for such motion was that the in-
cictnieiit did not state facts sufficient to constitute an
offense against the United States R. 16!. The Court
overruled the motion to dismiss informally R. 37!;
later a ferrnal order was entered B.-. 16-17!. Appel-
lants contend this was error.
A motion for a bill of particulars was also filed on
November 19, 1965 R. 10-15!, after proceedings
about said motion were held on the preceding day R.
38-47!. The basic thrust of this motion was to obtain
from the United States the name and address of any
person defendants were alleged to have conspired tqilljl11e:£p};Jl;8SB, threaten and intimidate as laid in the
' A 5 D 10 I4l92 Iindictment 92&h J.U'L'l!¢ in a cell-oquy lietivmn the Court
and counsel-fir-the United States R. 38-41; 46-47!
the following statements are of particular interest:
Mr. Dear: We contend that the defendants con-
spired to injure members of a class of people; themarch from Selma to Montgomery, and those_ger-sons are identified; we don't _claim any indivi ual. person." R. 39! _ 4. " -' ' 5
Mr. Dear: It is our claim they were engaged in
the conspiracy to harass that class of persons: it
wasn't against any particular person: they didn't
-- their conspiracy was not directed against a
particular person." R. 40!
The Court: All right. So_ there won't be any mis-
understanding, if I understand your case, it is
that the conspiracy wasn't directed to harass and
intimidate and threaten, oppress any particular
person, but the effect of it may have been." R.
40-41! t 4
-- -92 JIIIII AI I in II IIH .IC92
B11. U081! "'l'I'l¬l'lI-'8 l'1gl'1l'.." Ii. 41]
The Court overruled the motion of defendants for
a bill of particulars R. 17!. Appellants assert this
was manifest error. ' -
Prior to the commencement of the trial on Novem-
ber 29, l965, before the Honorable Frank M. Johnson,
Jr., Judge, and a jury at Montgomery, Alabama, cer-
tain proceedings were held in chambers, of which the
following is deemed significant: The Court, at R. 139-
140, indicated the United States had approached him
about certain matters concerning a Mrs. Luizzo, her
murder on the Selma-Montgomery highway being a
matter of common knowledge. it was strong by im-
plication here the immediately forthcliming trial would
in effect evolve around this specific occurrence R.
141!, and counsel for defendants appropriately noted
that on argument to dismisrlihcrindictment and for a
bill of particulars he was led to understand the alleged- Iactivities of defendants were directed against a cmlcse
and not any individual R. 140!. _ 1
Cxorxtmtion andrlawsl of the United States, and be-
cause ef theirhaving exercised such rights. R. 2!
One specific right of these unnamed citizens alleged
to have been abridged in said manner by indictees was,
among others: The right to participate in a protest
march pursuant to a plan approved by the United
States District Court, Middle District of Alabama
R. 3!. ix
Appellants were arrested on April 7, 1965, and each
released on bond of $50,000 CLW, R. 5-6; ET, R.
6-7!. They were arraigned by the Court on Novem-
ber 5, 1965, and each pleaded Not Guilty" R. 7-10!.
X motion to dismiss the indictment was filed on Ne-
*er 19, 1965 R. 15-16!, after proceedings about
. notion were held on the preceding day R. 18-37!.
"?ie ultimate basis for such motion was that the in-
cuctment did not state facts sufficient to constitute an
offense against the United States R. 16!. The Court
overruled the motion to dismiss informally R. 37!;
later a formal order was entered R. 16-17 !. Appel-
lants contend this was error.
A motion for a bill of particulars was also filed on
November 19, 1965 R. 10-15!, after proceedings
about said motion were held on the preceding day R.
38-47!. The basic thrust of this motion was to obtain
from the United States the name and address of any
person defendants were alleged to have conspired to_injurelippress, threaten and intimidate as laid in theindict nt R. 10-14!. In a colloquy between the Court
and counsel-fo|~the.92United States R. 38-41; 46-47!
the following statements are of particular interest:
Mr. Dear: We contend that the defendants con-
spired to injure members of a class of people; the
* 'vrriys-':c~rPr:~--a-'-"':~'.:::~:'-:>*~ _ :=-"-»~'@*j.-;r~:-92~:'~~_'-at-=j-s'*_~r.-~=.¢--5-'v~g-;-:'#*e5rw+ =&wwemw-:=wwmem A - - ~ i .. -1 g 9' are *;htE?;i;'J:3i'vY;s92ce92i§1"i"51i";.;t$A-ft;-;,»$$'diii.}.§.,qEIm,;;,j,,;;,w;v§,;l1Al0$%vi5:3ssvii¥92I=|
-.1-.~.... .1-,""""*-_ 4......-_-in- _ _Je_:l-"_':,v_.p>-'__-',. l....: -V,_-_ .:.l',V L _ ___ W JP. t _/__. |__, _ I -.-...-I-M... we-1-5fr .,,,..._,rs,-. . __ .q_-..,-,.-..|:a........,......_.7.-wr-;-'., ;---t _hfl1l9'1 I,. , - i i. - ,-,~92'|-'_'.__--- 1*" - - '-'-. -- -"' -l. 1-, . ' . . .1 __.' _,.- - __ ..~-. ._,, ' " -' -' " 92 "' ' " ' 3-=a.¢s1|'.92aun.r.- .._:m=-»=.c ".t..-1. ..:.-m-:-- -s -1- r----'92r-»-»-*1-1--H--~-I-1--*1-'-' -' 1*» eehvw A-
" """' "H116 '2.» §a'.92'lk;=='sa*-'-1*- ":""'_"""*"-*1" .w.PIi-~>---f:>s'--is-amieé-sairr.-l--*7 :~' '-.~' '- ~-2¢au~.==k-as-.¢5a92-*&1.-.<.-2-%<...»= B 1- '~.!* - I1." = -' _ e ' ": 3
lpeople are those persons that were engaged in themarch from Selma to Montgomery, and those Xer-
sons are identified; we don't claim any indivi ual- person." R. 39! J. -* ' =,
I I U
Mr. Dear: It is our claim they were engaged in
the conspiracy to harass that class of persons; it
wasn't against any particular person: they didn't
their conspiracy was not directed against a
particular person." R. 40!
The Court: "All right. So_ there won't be any mis-
understanding, if I understand your case, it is
that the conspiracy wasn't directed to harass and
intimidate and threaten, oppress any particular
person, but the effect of it may have been. R.
40-41! , _
Mr. Dear: Thats right. R. 41!
The Court overruled the motion of defendants for
a bill of particulars R. 17!. Appellants assert this
was manifest error. "
Prior to the commencement of the trial on Novem-
ber 29, 1965, before the Honorable Frank M. Johnson,
Jr., Judge, and a jury at Montgomery, Alabama, cer-
tain proceedings were held in chambers, of which the
following is deemed significant: The Court, at R. 139-
140, indicated the United States had approached him
about certain matters concerning a Mrs. Luizzo, her
murder on the Selma-Montgomery highway being a
matter of common knowledge. It was strong by im-
plication here the immediately forthcoming trial would
in effect evolve around this specific occurrence R.
141!, and counsel for defendants appropriately noted
that on argument to dismisrtherindictment and for a
bill of particulars he was led to understand the alleged
activities of defendants were directed against a class
and not any individual R. 140!. D »
U e-curt"-s e yaw
The evidence adduced at the trial is of importance
to the position of these appellants. To assist the Court
and to substantiate the position of appellants that the
United States failed to sustain its burden a concise
narrative statement of the relevant and significant
testimony and other evidence is presented. A motion
as for a judgment of acquittal was denied R. 823!.
The Honorable John Doar for the United. States
opened R. 189-193!, and it was clear the damning
point to be proved against defendants was the murder
of a Mrs..Luizzo. Counsel for defendants relied on
pleas of "Not Guilty" R. 193!. .
U. S. Exhibit 1 was a certified copy of the order of
the United States District Court, Middle District of
-a, of March 17, 1965, which concerned a pro-
;an of march of certain people from Selma to
.-1o".::'__-'ome".v, Alabama R. 194!. U. S. Exhibit 2 was
.1 t.=. sified copy of the order of this Court dated March
19, 1965, which declined to stay the proposed plan of
march R. 195!.
L. B. SULLIVAN testified he was Commissioner
of Public Affairs of Montgomery, Alabama R. 196!.
He knew of a march of certain Negro and white citi-
zens from Selma to Montgomery in March, 1965, pur-
suant to an order of theUnited States District Court
R. 196-197!. Witness had a request for a parade per-
mit dated March 20, 1965, from Fred Vann on behalf
of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America, Inc.
R. 199!. Witness stated he had authority to issue pa-
rade permits for the Commission R. 201!. U. S. Ex-
! The prociffineht. the selection of s jury R. 149.
187! and other matters have been included in the record
011 lPPesl not for the purpose of unduly extending it, but
solely for the purpose of allowing this Court. if it so sees
fit. to savor the flavor of the entire trial below.
I
r I
*.-me.".'.-f@{1'P.-*§;'s»..~=w:i§-.t:lss,{I§?r:£.:92--L==.e92lb:'i~:-inertia-iialetlstaeley-" 1- "' * . '1 - 1.-;.... _ -if-r at .>..an I * - _ .1! . . .. ,. .-g| |_.:|s,..;. ....- .. .-...,....-.;..-....|.-.T...._._ ....._ 1. I low Hi _.... . _ » _ H _ . _. . ,.,_,,_.__._,,,,.._f.-,-%___,n_ _ . . _q_._|_________;_______________" __ _ __,,,',N_,92 ._,..- . - '. .. '.... -' ".-' II? ' - t" -1 ' - -,' ' = 3 E|»."i' -if-:'..¬" ' '. "7 '~'.Y :,§.';- ' - - -i - ' - ..-, '- 2. l , -. .1... I ans ig- an I %l_'*@_ , _g j.3;_,.-',.-4_-| - W @I5J192.¢wh_ _-_-,s.§;*,,i*,.|,,92-' ,_~,592,f,,,§, |,__.'I§-Q5.-,.;;., wmakiéag i,-,3-av, .1 ;':v.,l~L.r~ 4.-I is-vi-lw. . 1 ~ . ; -- - 92 - - l - ' -- -v - ihiblt 8 was the parade permit request of March 20,
1965 R. 203!, and U. S. Exhibit 4 was the approval
of such request dated March 21, 1965 R. 204!. Over
objection R. 208!, Exhibits 3 and 4 were admitted
into evidence R. 209!. p
The parade was to take place on March 21, 1965,
to protest order issued by Federal Court allowing a
five day demonstration march from Selma, Alabama,
to Montgomery, Alabama." R. 209! Thecolloquy be-
tween the Court and Mr. Doar emphatically showed
Exhibits 3 and ll were admitted for a limited purpose
and not one extending to any rights exercised by de-
fendants R. 210!. 7
There was another parade in Montgomery after the
one of March 21, 1965, the Selma to Montgomery af-
fair R. 214!. This parade proceeded from the St.
Jude area along its court-outlined route to the Capi-
tol, and included several thousand persons who re-
mained in front of the Capitol for three to four hours
R. 215!. _
On cross examination by Mr. Hanes, Sullivan testi-
fied there were no incidents during the Klan parade
of March 21, 1965 R. 215!; no trouble was caused;
the parade proceeded quietly R. 216!. _
The crowd on March 25, 1965-the Selma to Mont-
gomery march -- was estimated between 20 and 30
thousand R. 216!. The march was a walking one
composed of gnales and females, white and colored.
Sullivan concluded his testimony by stating on redirect
examination the march of Margh_25, 1965, was or-
derly R. 218!. . '
. WILLIAM RAYNES JONES stated he lived .in
Montgomery, and was Chief of the Investigative and- - -1 .- - 5_~ I _... _ _ _. 3.: pa ,, 4.2! .""--.__ l 1 - Q T 3
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during March, 1965 R. 219-220!. ;He received in his
oiiicial mpacity information there was to he a parade
by the United Knights of the Ku Klux Klan on March
21, 1965 R. 220-221!. Four men were detailed, 2 to
. participate in and 2 to observe this parade R. 221-
222!.
PAUL JAMES DUMAS testified he lived in Mont-
gomery, and for -5 years had been with the police de-
partment R. 224!. He was on duty on March 21,
1965, and attended the motorcade and rally at Cram-
ton Bowl, and had Sergeant Farr in the car with him
R. 225!. Sergeant Farr obtained photographs and
both took automobile license numbers R. 226!. U. S.
Inhibits 13 through 18 were marked for identifica-
'.-n R. 227-228!, and-generally they purported to
. present scenes at Cramton Bowl on March 21st R.
U. S. Exhibit 6, consisting of 3 photographs,
was marked for identification R. 234!. Witness testi-
fied they were pictures of the rally at Cramton Bowl
R. 235!. l 1
Dumas on cross examination testified he did not take
. any photographs personally; he saw someone from his
department take photographs; he recognized the photo-
graphs shown to him previously R. 240-241!.
On the occasion of the meeting on the 21st at the
field, there was no commotion; there were no public
affrays; and witness did not hear any threats made
R. 242!. 2
WLT_E'R RAY BUTTS informed the Court and
jury hi-ll80d.irkMontgomery and was news director
of WCOV radio and television and held such position
on March 21, 1965 R. 246-247!. Butts took pictures
on the 21st of a Klan motorcade in Montgomery. U. S.
.s at
I Exhibit 10, consisting of s photographs, and u. s. Ex-
hibit 11, consisting of 2 photographs, were marked for
".1 +moo+am. m can so +.. IT q Iivl-uikit 1n ii...1.-9!'i».-.-o-..o--ov Qua -iinyo nu: vv vs Ln 1-.Jn.uau my, bum
pictures were described as accurate portrayals of a
close up and the side oi an automobile; they were
taken on Dexter Avenue, just below the Judicial Build-
ing R. 248-249!. U. S. Exhibit 11 consisted of 2 more
pictures of cars in the motorcade R. 249!.
ROBERT C. ROTON identified himself as s resi-
dent of Montgomery employed as Supervisor of Motor
Vehicle Division, State Department of Revenue R.
250!. Roton had with him 2 registration receipts of
vehicles R. 250-251!. These were marked for identi-
fication U. S. Exhibits Z and 8 R. 251-252!. Wit-
ness described the general contents of the documents,
including, inter alia, tag number and name and ad-
dress of licensee R. 253!.
HAROLD R. CHARRON, JR., testified he was a
special agent with FBI, stationed in Washington,
D. .; was engaged on his official duties in Montgom-
ery, Alabama, on March 21, 1965; was observing a
motorcade at a parking lot across from Cramton Bowl.
U. S. Exhibits 13 through 18, a series of photographs,
were displayed to witness R. 257! and he identified
them as enlargements of pictures he had taken on the
day in question R. 258!. _ _
On cross examination, witness stated his primary
assignment that day was to take photographs of the
crowd, etc. R. 259-260!, but he did note some license
numbers. Witness stated he did not hear anybody on
that occasion threaten to_1',m'm;e, oppress, or intimidate
anyone and he was there from almost the beginning to
the end of the gathering R. 260!. _
STEPHEN J. FEARON identified himself as a
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March 21, 1965, in Montgomery R. 262!. Witness
stated he was to observe the motorcade; he took down
some license numbers of cars; he was driving a car
in the vicinity of Cramton Bowl; he would call out tag
numbers as he observed them, and another agent in the
car, Beveistein, would write them down; and also he,
Beverstein, would write down ones he observed. Wit-
ness was engaged in this about 11%; hours R. 263!.
On cross examination, witness stated he went to the
field shortly a.Iter noon, about 12:30 P. M., and cars
had begun to gather R. 265!. After about an hour,
there were over 100 cars and- about 200 to 250 people
R. 265-266!.
orocedure for listing automobile tag numbers,
. --rcght out on direct examination, was reiterated
R. 266--37!; but witness stated he did not know
wnetner the numbers he called out were written on the
sheet or not. Witness was at the meeting more or less
from beginning to end and he did not hear anyone
threaten to injure, oppress, intimidate or hurt any-
body R. 267!.
JACK T. BEVERSTEIN stated he was a special
agent for FBI; was on duty on March 21, 1965, in
Montgomery, observing a Klan parade R. 268-269!.
His special duty was to record license numbers, some
of which numbers he observed himself and some of
which were called to him by the preceding witness,
Agent Fearon R. 269-270!. U. S. Exhibit 5 was
shown to iwitness and identified as his report of motor
vehicle license.-nlimbeis, dictated from his original- so " is e 7. _ _ , / _, 8 § , .. ., , D, , _..,..'~ . Q 1 ' 5 _' ' 9
1965; he heard only of s parade permit for that date;
he came to the field a few minutes after 12:00 noon;
the parade left about 2:50 P. M.; he followed and ob-;
served the parade in Montgomery until it disbanded;
the parade lasted about 25 minutes R. 272-273!.
White Beverstein was with the Klan g-reap, he did not
hear anyone singly or conspiring with others to threat-
en, injure, oppress or intimidate anybody R. 274!.
NEIL P. SHANAHAN stated he was a special
agent of FBI" R. 276-277!.
Witness stated he had known a man named Tommy
Rowe for about 11/2 years. The acquaintance was an
official one, inasmuch as Rowe was furnishing infor-
mation to FBI, and Shanahan had, since September 1,
1964, been assigned to control his activities and re-
ceive the information. Rowe had been working with
FBI since 1960 R. 280!, and Rowe gave information
by personal contact, telephone conversations, and writ-
ten information mailed in R. 281!. Rowe worked
with FBI through March 25, 1965 R. 282!. On this
date, in the morning, Shanahan was in communication
with Rowe who had information for him, which infor-
mation was almost immediately sent by teletym ta
Montgomery, Mobile and Selma R. 282-283!. U. S.
Exhibit 9, consisting of 3 teletyped documents, was
identified by witness R. 283!, the time sent being
9 :27 A. M., on March 25, 1965 R. 284;!.
Later that same day, Rowe called Shanahan again,
and communication was established about 11 :20 P. M.
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1965 R. 285!. ;
On cross"éitamination, Mr. Hanes directed his ques-
tions to witness to develop the exact association of
Tommy Rowe with FBI. Rowe had reported to Agent
Blake prior to September 1, 1964, when Rowe began
reporting to witness. Rowe was not a special agent of
FBI; he was not a special employee, nor was he a regu-
lar employee. Rowe was an informant RS287!. He
was paid on the basis of information delivered; his
product was selling information. Witness stated Rowe
was paid for services rendered; he always had some-
thing to sell R. 288!. Shanahan stated he had had
other informants R. 289!. Shanahan presumed he
" received false information; could not recall any
-Tfic instances: but did state he had received infor-
...;on he could not corroborate one way or the other
K TL. 29a!.
On the morning of March 25, Shanahan received
word Rowe wanted to talk with him; Rowe stated to
Shanahan he had been asked to go to Montgomery by
Gene Thomas; this was shortly before 8:00 A. M. R.
290-291!. The delay of about 1 hour and 27 minutes
from the time the information was received until the
information about the car was placed on the teletype
was explained by Shanahan to have been occasioned
because he was at home R. 291-292!.
Rowe and Shanahan had a telephone conversation
about 8:50 A. M., in Birmingham, then all was quie'tuntil e approximately 11:20 P. M., telephone call.
Shan _ ed, in Birmingham all day R. 293!.
During this telephone conversation, Shanahan told
Rowe he had heard a woman had been shot in Lowndes
County, Alabama; Rowe had asked him about this R.. 11
296!; Shanahan had heard this on the 11:00 P. M.,
news; it was possible Rowe had also heard this on the
news R.296!. . '
Rowe gave Shanahan a gun which he kept until
later that morning when he tagged it and gave it to
the Assistant Agent in Charge R. 299!. The gun was
examined by Shanahan; he smelled the muzzle; re-
moved the cartridges R. 299!. No fingerprint exam-
ination was made since witness knew Rowe's prints
were on the gun R. 299-300!. Witness did not know
the serial number of the gun; did not know whether
or not it had been fired; did not look at the gun in the
light R. 300!.
Rowe told Shanahan about a shooting; they were to-
gether about ll/3 hours; Rowe was not taken into cus-
tody; Shanahan did not go to headquarters but re-
turned home R. 300!. The incident was reported to
the Special Agent in Charge, Everett Ingram, at about
2:20 A. M., March 26. ,
Shanahan worked further on the investigation.
Since September 1, 1964, Shanahan had paid Rowe an
average of $275.00 to $290.00 a month R. 305!.
On redirect examination, Shanahanrelated the con-
versation he had with Rowe on the morning of March
25 R. 307-309!. Rowe told him Gene Thomas had
called; told him to come to Bessemer; they were going
to Montgomery. Rowe advised Thomas he had re-
ceived Klan instructions as late as 10:00 P. M., the
previous night they were not going to Montgomery.
Rowe said he would have to check with his immediate
superior; Robert called andjqld him to go to Mont-
gomery with Gene Thomas. Shanahan thought it
would be suspicious if Rowe did not go and later ad-
vised him to go. This line of questioning was objected
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amination was merely the narration of the rest of a
conversatioifprobed into bythe defense R. 307!.
After Rowe returned, he related his activities to
Shanahan R. 309-314!. These concerned Gene Thom-
as, Wilkins, and Eaton.
Mr. Hanes recross examined Shanahan as to these
activities R. 315-323!. Further, on recross*examina-
tion, Shanahan stated he, Rowe, Special Agents Alex-
ander and Downey left Birmingham for the scene of
the shooting about 9 :30 A. M., March 26 R. 323-325!.
Shanahan had picked Rowe up about 5:00 A. M., at
the parking lot of GES store in West End, Birming-
~-1. and taken him to FBI headquarters R. 323!.
25' proceeded to Selma; stopped on the outskirts
.o.1t:.=:t Agent Archibald Riley; transferred to his
-».1icle; and retraced the route of the activity of the
preceding night R. 325!. The group started from
the Edmund Pettus Alabama River! Bridge toward
Selma; went to Silver Moon Cafe but no one was talked
to there R. 326!. The visit was to identify the place;
no one wzas asked if Rowe and the 3 defendants had
been present the night before R. 327!. Leaving Sil-
ver Moon, the men went down a street next to the cafe
where Gaston Super Market was pointed out by Rowe
as the place where a U-turn was made to try to go past
Browns Chapel Church, but the street was blocked
and the next street was taken R. 328!. Although the
distance orjtime was clocked, Shanahan did not recall!
the figre R, 323-329!; he estimated from Pettus
Bridge ballets-Pettus Bridge along the route traveled
8! Inasmuch as a narration of what Rowe told Shanshan
would be repetitive, since Rowe did testify R. 391, ct
seq.!, such narration will be omitted at this point.
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took about 15 or 20 minutes. Leaving Pettus Bridge
once more, the group headed east toward Montgomery;
the distance was taken from there to the place of the
shooting but Shanahan did not know who did this R.
329! ; he estimated the distance to be about 25 miles.
Shanahan and his companions went on into Mont-
gomery R. 330!; he did not know if they went by St.
Francis Motel; they went back to Birmingham R.
331! ; it is about 25 miles from the shooting scene to
St. Francis Motel, i. e., 50 miles from Pettus Bridge to
St. Francis R. 332!.
The car at the scene 0! the shooting was on the right
side of the road proceeding east, elevated above the
level of the road about 4 or 5 feet, and about 35 feet
from the edge of the road_ R. 332!. The road at this
point was upgrade and straight for about half a mile.
On down the highway, Rowe pointed out the approxi-
mate place where the shell casings were thrown out the
window R. 333!. At the next major intersection,
probably Lowndesboro, a switch from Riley's vehicle
was made to another car; the party returned to Bir-
mingham R. 334-339!. Rowe did not point out the
service station where gasoline was purchased the
night before; or the point where Rowe's party missed
the road and doubled back R. 334!. It is about 110
miles from Montgomery to Birmingham; it would be
fairly close to the same mileage from Montgomery to
Midfield, which is just to the west og and contiguous
to Birmingham R. 339!. .
Rowe is {about 6 feet tall, even, and weighs about
215 or 220 pounds R. 34.1!,__,T.he Rowe group was in
Thomas car, a red and white Chevrolet R. 341-342!,
with bucket seats and a console. Witness was of opin-
ion 2 big people could ride on the back seat R. 342!.
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S$shan stated Rowe did not tell him when his
group returned to Birmingham; did not take Shana-
han by the'filling station it stopped at; he and Rowe
went by,St. Francis Motel R. 345!.
R. W. GODWIN was from Montgomery and was an
investigator for Alabama Department of Public Safety
on March 25 R. 348-349!. On that date, Godwin re-
ceived a call from FBI that a car, license number IB-
36964, carrying 6 Klan members was supposed to be
headed to Montgomery, such license having been is-
sued to Eugene Thomas, Bessemer R. 349!.
Godwin on cross examination stated the distance
from Montgomery to Selma on U. S. 80 was about 50
" -si the distance from Montgomery to Birmingham
' 100 miles R. 350-351!.
-.~.:'E£. E. CA1lIPB'LLL lived in Montgomery and
'. ..s radio rlispatcher on March 25, which position en-
tailed putting calls out to cars for assignment. A
record of such calls was kept R. 352!; witness had
such a record from 6:00 A. M., until 7:16 P. M., for
the 25th R. 353!. U. S. Exhibit 20 was a copy of the
foregoing record, with an entry at 10:38 A. l-1., con-
cerning a Chevrolet automobile with a certain license
number and a call was sent out R. 352!. Exhibit 20
was marked for identification R. 354!. Witness
stated the entry for 10:38 A. M., concerned a 1965
Cheverolet, on cross examination R. 354!. Witness
testified the license number was 1B-36964, on redirectexaminrtion R-.~35_5!. '
E. J. DIXON wasa state investigator for Depart-
ment of"P'ul5lii:" Safety; was engaged on his official
duties on March 21 and 25 R. 356-357!. On the form-
er day he observed the Klan demonstration in Mont-
gomery, described previously. Aside from law enforceI
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ment personnel, he recognized only Robert Shelton. On
the latter day, Dixon was at St. J udes; at the Capitol;
and at night on U. S. 80 R. 857!. He was called to
U. S. 80 by Major Jones, the head of his division, to
whom a shooting had been reported R. 358!.
A diaglam was exhibited to witness, which, with-
out being to scale, depicted U. S. 80 from Selma to
Montgomery; and witness had made certain mileage
measurements R. 358-359!. Using such drawing,
Dixon pointed oat Alabama River Bridge Pettne! and
Craig Field R. 349!; Tyler Crossroads; where the
highway was two-lane and where it was four-lane
generally two-lane in Lowndes County! R. 360!.
Witness also marked Dannelly Field and St. Jude's
Church R. 361!. An inquiry was made about meas-
urements to the scene of the investigation R. 362!.
Distances were stated to be as follows: Selma to Dan-
nelly Field-43.7 miles; Selma to Craig Field-4.2
miles; Selma to end of four lane-14.1 miles; Selma to
scene of investigation--27.4 miles; Selma to four-lane
leading into Montgomery 34.4 miles R. 363!. These
were placed on the diagram R. 364!.
On the arrival of Dixon at the scene, he found the
body of a white woman in an automobile about 50 feet
off the south side of the highway R. 364!. Mr. Dear
showed him U. S. Exhibit 12 for identification, which
were 5 photographs taken by witness of the car and
the body in the car R. 365!. They wege admitted into
evidence R. 365!. The automobile was on the south
side of the highway facing east. The road was uphill
toward Montgomery R. 366!. U. S. Exhibits 21
through 25, blow-ups of the'6photographs of Exhibit
12, were admitted into evidence R. 367!; and witness
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-I»men merely observed the interior of the car that
night; he did not examine it R1 368!. On that occa-
sion, nisaan identified the body as Viola Luizzo from
Michigan R. 370!.
Trooper Burgess gave him a piece of lead and he
saw him get it from the right rear floorboard. This
was turned over to Dr. Shorfeitt about 2 :30 A. M., the
morning of the 26th R. 372!. .
Mr. Hanes cross examined. On March 21, Dixon
wasat Cramton Bowl about an hour to an hour and a
half, having arrived around 1:00 P_. M. R. 373!. He
followed the motorcade to the Capitol. During this
period, Dixon did not hear anybody or any combimo
"fon of people make any threats to hurt, intimidate,
*i1vre, oppress anybody R. 374!.
0;. the night of the 25th, witness received a call at
his home to proceed to U. S. 80. When he arrived
Troopers Burgess and McGaha were present R. 374!,
along with 2 or 3 other troopers. Dixon testified tracks
led from the rear of the car back toward the highway
for about 250 feet R. 375!. Witness was shown U. S.
Exhibit 25 R. 376!. The car was identified; it had
come to rest going uphill east toward Montgomery;
the grade of the slope would be 30 degrees; the car was
about 150 or 200 yards from the crest R. 376-377!.
On reaching the crest, one would have a slight curve
to the left or right?! R. 377!.
Witness deposed he saw Burgess retrieve the piece1
i17
It went down the shoulder, then upgrade. At the point
where the automobile left the road there was glass on
the road, about 400 feet from the car. On that night,
Dixon heard talk of other automobile tracks R. 379!,
which were across the road on the north side! about
150 feet from where the glass was found. They ap-
peared to be tracks made by a car smaller than a
standard Ford, Chevrolet or Plymouth R. 380!. The
car which made these tracks had gone into the drive-
way and returned to the highway, but witness could
not state whether it went toward Selma or Montgom-
ery. The tracks were west of the point the principal
car left the road R. 381!; a small car had turned
around R. 382!.
Besides the troopers st the scene, there were 2 or 3
other cars parked onthe road R. 382!. Dixon ap-
proached the scene from Montgomery; he arrived
about 9:15 P. M.; he did not see anyone walking or
running along the highway while coming to the scene.
Traffic was light, which was normal R. 383!. There
were some trooper. cars deployed on the highway that
night R. 384!. _
Apparently Mr. I-lanes then referred to the diagram
on which Dixon had placed mileage measurements R.
384, et seq.!. The distances were measured from the
center of Pettus Bridge R. 384!. Holiday Inn was
placed about a mile east of the intersection of U. S. 31
and 80 R. 384-385!. It was about 4 to 5 miles from
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"GZRY rnoms ROWE, JR., testified he was a2;
lived in B_i_1jrningham in March, 1965; had lived there
about 12 or 13 years R, 391!. Rowe had been con-
tacted by FBI about furnishing information concern-
ing racial activities in and around Birmingham in
1961. An agent came into his home about this, and,
at the time, he was not a Klan member R. 392!. At
the request of FBI, Rowe joined the Klan, Eastview
13 Chapter, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan located in
Birmingham. He was a member of that chapter
through March 25, 1965,. although the name changed
to United Klans of America, of which Robert Shelton,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama, was the head R. 393!. Rowe
attended Klan meetings; had known defendant Thom-
'3 about 5 years; defendant Eaton about 1 year; and
._:'er.dant Wilkins about 2 years; they were members
.- United Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. All during
che 5 years prior to Iiiarch, 1965, Rowe had furnished
information about the Klan to FBI on a regular basis
R. 394!.
Rowe came to Montgomery on March 21 R. 394!
with 3 Klansmen, other than defendants, from the
Birmingham area to participate in a parade and mo-
torcade. -Witness was shown U. S. Exhibits 13 through
18, so marked for identification R. 395!; recognized
them as being taken on the 21st at or near Cramton
Bowl in Montgomery. As to U. S. Exhibit 18, Rowe
was able to single out, among others, defendants Ea-
ton, Wilkins and Thomas R. 396!, whose faces ;hecirclzi and marked R. 397!. The automobile of Gene
Tho 3£l.WI8~ldBI1l;lfi6d in U. S. Exhibits 13 throughF.4,
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and did not identify U. S. Exhibit 10 for identification
R. 395-400!; but these photographs were admitted
into evidence over objection. Also, over objection, U. S.
Exhibits 6, 13 through 18 were admitted R. 400!.
Rowe deposed he did not go to Montgomery on the
21st with any of the 3 defendants. He was instructed
to go to Montgomery on the 25th by Gene Thomas, and
Robert Thomas, such instructions being received at his
home R. 401-403!. Robert Thomas was the superior
of Rowe in United Klans of America; Rowe was Klan
investigator for Eastview 13 unit and K. B. 1.; a Klan
investigator checked on membership appiications and
other matters detrimental to the Klan's way of think-
ing R. 403!. Robert Thomas was a Titan in United
Klan; a Titan headed a province of 6 or 8 different
units; Eastview 13 was in his province R. 403-404!.
Gene Thomas was in Chapter 20 in Bessemer, also in
the province of Robert 'Ihomas. Eaton and Wilkins
were in Chapter 20 R. 404!.
Over objection B. 404!, witness testified the su-
perior of a Titan would be Grand Dragon for the State
of Alabama, who was Robert Creel. Creel had been
identified in one of the pictures taken in Montgomery
on the 21st. Superior to Grand Dragon was Imperial
Wizard, who was Robert Shelton of Tuscaloosa, not
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92tBBeesemer to a place about 2 blocks from the Klan
meeting hall; Gene Thomas, Wilkins and Eaton were
in the car; Rowe parked his car at the house of Gene
Th_omas, a trip of several blocks R. 408-409!.
Gene Thomas was driving a 1962 Chevrolet, the car
in the pictures at the rally of the 21st. The group pro-
ceeded to Prattville, They discussed the march they
were going to observe R. 409!. The party arrived
in Montgomery about 10 :00 A. M.; rode around a few
minutes; parked the car; walked toward the Capitol.
They were within a block of the Capitol. Eaton, Gene
Thomas, and Rowe were armed; the guns were left in
the car. The four went to an American filling station
where they stayed about 5 hours R. 410!. U. S. Ex-
hibit 26 for identification, a photograph, was shown
to Rowe, who recognized the scene and recalled the
fi!ing station the :;'10Up remained at for 5 hours R.
411!. It was admitted into evidence. During the time
at the lling station, the four stood around, talked,
harassed the marchers, hollered at them, booed them,
got in an argument with some of the colored specta-
tors R. 412!. The crowd reached beyond the filling
station about three quarters of a mile or a mile R.
412-413]-.
A telephone booth ..was_ located on filling station
property. Gene Thomas and Wilkins got in the booth.
Over objection, Rowe testified he observed the wire
was cut after they left the booth R. 413!. The record
is silent as to the condition of the telephone wire im-
mddiately prior to the time Gene Thomas and Wilkins
entgggguhe booth. _ .
At the conclusion of the parade and speeches, Rowe's
group went to the car; Rowe and Eaton armed them-1'Flt
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ment between the bucket seats of his car; they then
proceeded to Jack's Beverages located near Maxwell
Air Force Base R. 414-415!. On the way to Jack's,
the four discussed going to Selma R. 416!l Gene
Thomas said they were going to Selma because they
had things to do; they were going to get them done;
and they might even get some entertainment from
Shelley Winters, a real pig. The party ate at Jack's,
staying probably a little longer than an hour. They
proceeded to Selma on U. S. 80 R. 416!. On the way
a hitchhiker was observed by Eaton; Wilkins asked
Gene Thomas to slow down to see if he was a marcher
and, if so, to "give him a little fun and a surprise"; on
further observation, Wilkins remarked the hitchhiker
was too clean to be a marcher R. 417!.
Rowe saw a highway patrolman later when the
latter flagged the car down about 6:18 P. M. R. 417-
418!. This occurred on the four-lane highway next to
Selma on U. S. 80 R. 418!, where the radar was.
Gene Thomas was asked for and produced his driver's
license; was informed he was barely in the maximum
not to be ticketed for speeding; he was stopped for de-
fective mufflers. A ticket was issued for improper
mufflers, which Rowe saw R. 419!.
The trip was continued on into Selma where the
first stop was Silver Moon Cafe, about 2 or 3 blocks
from Pettus Bridge; beer was ordered R. 420!. Prior
to this all four had 2 beers each pt J acks, but that was
all during the day R. 420-421!. The group remained
at Silver Moon about 30 or 45 minutes. They discussed
going to a colored A. M. E. Church where Shelley Win-
ters was to entertain the"iiiarchers. While there, Gene
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Ij tGcn?'I'lfomas left the table again and returned. The
ensuing discussion was about going'to the church.
When the group started to depart, this otherwise un-
identified person from the record came up and stated
he had done his job and for them to do theirs R. 423!.
The four left Silver Moon, got into the car, drove
toward the church, which was less than 12 blocks away
R. 423!. Gene Thomas got the car on a street 1 block
over from the church. There a colored couple was
walking R. 424! ; Gene Thomas and Wilkins remarked
they were going to have some fun and take them."
Rowe saw an Army truck with soldiers sitting in it;
the four passed these colored people and went on. Gene
Thomas removed his gun from the compartment be-
.1 the seats prior to this and handed it to Wilkins,
..-in; it after the colored people were passed R.
:--.1!. '
Rowe and the 3 defendants prepared to leave Selma
over the Pettus Bridge R. 425-426!; about 2 or 3
blocks from the bridge they were stopped by a red
light: an automobile pulled up on the left with a white
woman driving and a Negro sitting beside her; Gene
Thomas said they should follow the car to see where
they were going. Thomas said he thought they were
going out to the woods on a dirt road and park. Thom-
as told those in the back to get down out of sight; that
they were going to follow and take them R. 426!.
Thomas remarked he believed they had some of the
brass. Rowe stated Gene Thomas constantly remarked
the two were going out on the highway and make love;
that they weregoing to get them. The car was a light
colored 0l'd§lii'ob'ile"~with a Michigan license plate R.
427!. Wilkins and Rowe, in the back seat, were told to
sit up by Gene Thomas after the latter started follow-
ing the car R. 428!.I
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Gene Thomas drove fast-from 10 miles an hour up
to 90 and 100 R. 428!. In what transpired subse-
quently, Rowe testified there were constant comments,
particularly by Gene Thomas, that they were going to
take them tonight!. As the Rowe car approached
Craig, the Oldsmobile was in the left lane, veered to
the right, then speeded down the highway. Gene
Thomas followed at speeds of 80 to 90 miles an hour
R. 429!.
Rowe saw a green Volkswagen type station wagon
and a highway patrolman at the point they received
their ticket. The next time Gene Thomas tried to go
around, the Oldsmobile was on the two-lane R. 430!.
Rowe saw a two-story building with automobiles and
Negroes around it; Rowe wanted to go back to
and find somebody else; they were going to get caught;
it was not worth it R. 431!.
In a swamp area, Gene Thomas started around the
Oldsmobile, handing Wilkins his pistol R. 432!. This
was a .38 caliber pistol. The rest got their guns out
on orders from Gene Thomas. Wilkins stuclt his arm
out the window about at elbow length; the woman
turned her head and kind of looked toward Rowe's car;
Wilkins fired 2 fast shots into the glass of the Olds-
mobile, into the front window. Eaton started firing;
Rowe put his gun up near the side of Wilkins head;
Wilkins continued fing as Gene Thomas pa=s=u*""*" the
Oldsmobile; Eaton continued firing even after the
Oldsmobile had been completely passed R. 433!. A
little further on, Wilkins threw his casings out and re-
loaded; then Eaton threw hiaaasings out at the win-
dow on the right hand side of the highway. The four
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ti -¢pnIn~Montgom.ery, the four went to St. Francis Motel
and turned in the direction of Birmingham R. 435!.
They stoppedest a filling station between Montgomery
and Birmingham about 6 to 8 miles north of the south
end of the freeway to Birmingham on another road
R. 435-436!. After getting gas, Gene Thomas made
a U-turn and returned to get on the freeway to Bir-
mingham. The four went to VFW club in Bessemer
R. 436!. On the return trip, Gene Thomas stated they
were going to VFW Club to see Bob; he would give
them an alibi in case the white woman and Negro were
dead R. 43?!. The four went to the club; did not see
Bob; they ordered 2 beers; Gene suggested going to
Lorenes for an alibi; Lorene ran a cafe; the group
went to the cafe: Gene Thomas went away for about
zinutes; on his return, he stated everything was
care of R. 438! ; she would alibi for them. The
sour hr .1 'a beer; left, and went to Gene Thomas
house; there they disbanded R. 439! .
Over objection, Rowe was allowed to testify the pur-
pose of the Klan was to maintain white supremacy by
any means necessary R. 442!.
On cross examination, Rowe stated he joined the
Klan in 1960 or 1961 R. 452!; There was a ritual
during which he took an oath, part of which is in the
record at p. 453. After taking this oath of which the
above was a part, and which was marked Defendant's
Exhibit 1 for identification, Rowe admitted he di-
vulged and revealed secrets of the organization and
the names of members of the organization R. 454!.
The Klan oath. was admitted into evidence R. 455!,
Defendaigjgjjgghibit 1.
Rowe denied he agitated and provoked the Klan into
activity; nor did he urge them to do certain things
R. 458!.
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lWhile Rowe denied he participated in the attack on
the first Freedom Riders on Mother's Day in Birming-
ham at the bus station he admitted he was present R.
458!. He went with some Klan buddies. Rowead-
mitted there was quite a melee at the bus station for
about 15 minutes. After this, Rowe, along with others,
got into an sffray with 6 Negroes at 7th Avenue and
18th Street, North. Rowe got his throat cut rather
severely and was bleeding profusely R. 462!. Rowe
went to the bus station voluntarily and nothing forced
him to go"to the scene of the affray R. 464!. Rowe
went to University of Alabama when there was
trouble on integration matters, probably in J une, 1963
R. 464!. He was arrested in Tuscaloosa.
Rowe admitted he was at'Sandy Ridge Country Club
in Birmingham with Lt; Dave Orange and others R.
467!. This club had a reputation for entertaining
racially mixed couples R. 468!. Rowe denied he told
some friends Lt. Orange wanted them with guns to
meet Rowe at Sandy Ridge Club on March 18, 1965,
at night. Rowe denied that prior to entering the Club
he said to men waiting outside, including these de-
fendants, "When I fire the first shot, rush in and shoot
hell out of the place _ R. 469!. Witness stated he went
to Montgomery on Sunday, the 21st, with Leroy Ruth-
erford, Robert Thomas, and Jack Crawford R. 470!.
The group met at the house of Robert Thomas about
9:00 A. M., and left shortly thereafter for Montgom-
ery. This quartet went U. S. 31 South. He had his
gun, but did not inquire as to the others and did not
know if they had them or not R. 4'72!. On T3. S. Ex-
hibit 18, a photograph, Rgmggidentified himself and
marked the exhibit R. 475-476!. They arrived at the
gathering around 11:00 or 11:30 A. M. Rowe did
not recall any peech on that occasion by Robert Shel-
ll-I12:-1--¢._-.---- __i__,__i__,ii.!___.._.,..__..__._. _ _ _______ __...__._ __ __wt} Creel; he was not there 47;!.
Rowe testified he heard Crawford and Rutherford
make semethreats, but net publicly in a speech R,
478!. Rowe participated in the motorcade, which
lasted about 20 or 30 minutes, then disbanded on the
Selma road 478!. These four proceeded en teward
Selma; they saw some marchers R. 479!.
Witness deposed he went to Montgomery on the
25th with the 3 defendants in Gene Themes ante-
mobile R. 481!. This was a 1962 Chevrolet, red and
creamish white in color. They possibly took Route 150
frem Besseiner to the freeway for Montgomery, ar-
riving about 10:00 or 10 :30 A. M. The car was parked
in a regular paying parking lot. He left his gun in
car R. 485!; he asked Gene Thomas to put it
.:8; he was not sure about what he did with the
.:0l:i92.81' R. 486!. All in the group left their guns;
:.1ey went to an American filling station at Hull and
Dexter about a block from the Capitol. There was a
crowd at the filling station R. 487!; later a crowd
in the street; very definitely curiosity seekers and
mere spectators R. 488!.
They left the station about 3:00 P. M. R. 489!;
went to the parking lot; got into the car; Rowe got
his gun; they left the parking lot with Gene Thomas
driving R. 490!. Eaton was sitting in front by Gene
Thomas R. 490-491! ; Rowe sat behind Gene Thomas;
Wilkins saitoihe right of Rowe. These were the po-
sitions maintained during the entire trip. They drove
to J ack's, yhich is several miles from the parking lot
R. 491!, arriving areund 4 :00 P. M., the trip taking
about 2U5i25 minutes. They parked and went in-
side; they ate; they each drank 2 beers R. 492!.
Rowe and his heipmates left Jack's about 5:06
P. M.; they resumed their usual seating positions;
1 -31- _.... ..... :_ _..._...,w,.,__.-._.,.__':._..a___ __ __: H. H ' . _ M I _ _ ,_____ ___u __.- '»|'-..I-.". .' -' - "- ' -*" "-". ">*- -'- " .-. - -__ __.,#_,¢g -...924-.> _.92|-@040-I --.S-v',¢JAi-__-_',..._._L_-'__.-,-_- ;1;,",a_g.;._;§{4.:gJ_4;.iZ..~;,|,=_.;._.r-,_a_a;.i;.,*t1|e..=e:;_;.=-.;92;l»;g;Q.;l;.eI;.;.i'Le.?.§,;;;i._L--es,'@ -Qvg.1,._..--,...| in-s,4;i»fstarted to Selma R. 494! on U. S. 80. A state trooper
stopped the car at e crossroads nearer Selma than
Montgemery; he flagged them dewn with a light R.
495!. Gene Thomas was cited for improper mufflers,
1'. e., a warning ticket R. 498!. They proceeded to
SeImal R. 498! and first stop was Silver Moon Cafe,
which was reached in the vicinity of 6:00 P. M., per-
haps later. The car was parked and all went inside.
Witness stated the time was closer to seven" R.
499!. Rowe and Thomas had a beer; Wilkins prob-
ably milk and Eaton probably a soft drink; nothing
to eat. Their stay at Silver Moon was approximately
35 or 40 minutes; maybe longer R. 500!. Resuming
their usual car positions, the group started toward the
colored church R. 500-501!. Gene Thomas apparently
missed the street as he made a U-turn and doubled
back toward Silver Moon, which was in the same
proximity R. 501!. Thomas then went on a dirt street
ans; nal! nerar Fwnrn f'|1n nlnllnh Ienfullnazl in 3 I 92|l92I92vl92 92"§ LIUIII UIOQ 92pllI|Il92Ill, Q TU ulw I I I
thorofare leading to the steel bridge Pettus! R. 502!.
The other car was seen about the 2nd or 3rd traffic
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ing from Silver Moon to this traffic light consumed in
time about 25 minutes, maybe not that long. The car
in which Rowe was riding proceeded out me highway;
Rowe had his gun. Rowe's car caught up to the other
car by going 10 to 15 miles an hour fluctuating to over
100 miles an hour R. 503!. When passing the other
car the speed was about 60 or 65 >R. 504!. From the
traffic light in Selma to the place of shooting was
about 25 miles and took about 25 or 30 minutes to
reach, maybe not that long.._.l6Ihen Wilkins shot, Rowe
testified he placed his arm beside that of Wilkins; but
did not knock Wilkins arm to keep him from firing
nor tell him not to fire R. 505!. Rowe didinot tell
Eaton or anybody not to fire R. 506!.es: ~ 21
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the window,{then Eaton did likewise almost simul-
taneously {H500-507}. At the time the speed of the
car was9290 or better R. 506!, and the road was two-
lane. The car was in the right hand lane R. 507!,
fairly close to the edge of the pavement R. 508!.
Rowe next recognized St. Francis Motel, at which
point a left turn was made. It was 15 or 20 miles from
point of shooting to St. Francis- R. 508!, and time-
wise 20 minutes. The left turn at St. Francis put the
car on the road to Birmingham R. 509!. They stopped
at a filling station, bought gas, and all went to the rest
room in less than 6 minutes. This service station was
about 10 or 15 miles from St. Francis R. 510!, and
" about 15 minutes to reach. It was some 6 or 8
- beyond the southern end of the Birmingham
4.-£1.-'t92923_" and"Rowe and zhe three doubled back to con-
;-.:et with the freeway R. 511!.
A county road was taken at Alabaster to Bessemer
R. 512!, where VFW Club was visited on the out-
skirts of Bariemer mtween 9:00 and 10:00 P. M. R.
513!. Eachof the four consumed right at 11/3 beers
R. 514!. They remained at VFW approximately 10
or 15 minutes, and then journeyed to Lorenes Cafe in
Bessemer, about a mile or 2 from, VFW. It required
just a shortltime to reach Lorenes R. 515!, where
the four stopped for 20 or 25 minutes. Rowe had a
beer at Lorenes and maybe 2; each of the four or-
dered the same R. 516!.
Leaviiig Iorene's the quartet returned to in front
of the hdt|QUf"Gene Thomas, probably a mile or so
from Lorenes, which distance required only a few
minutes to negotiate, maybe 6 R. 517!. On arrival
at Thomas house, all alighted from the car; this was
31" 29
about 11:00 P. M. After managing to get his car
started after some difficulty, Rowe drove into Central
Park R. 518!. Shanahar. met Rewe. at Wat End
Baptist parking lot about an hour later R. 519!.
After a__time Rowe got into Shanaharfs station wagon
and they talked for 2 or 3 hours R. 520-521!. Rowe
left Shanahan about 2:00 or 3:00 A. M., and went
home R. 521!.
_._ - - 1 . . I . 4 AA A II
Snananan and Rowe next met about ozuu A. M.,
between FBI office and Rowe's home R. 521!, where
Rowe got into Shanahan's FBI vehicle and was driven
to FBI office in Birmingham R. 522!. Agents Shana-
han, Downey and Alexander, with Rowe, left about
9:00 or 9:30 A. M., to sojourn to Selma, taking U. S.
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did not point out the service station where he and his
Klan brothers stopped the night previous for gas R.
523!, but returning he did point out St. Francis Motel,
However, no stops were made. They slowed down, but
did not stop, at that point on U. S. 80 where there was
considerable activity and there was a car off the road
R. 524!.
In Selma Silver Moon was given a passing glance
R. 525! about 11:00 A. M. R. 531!. The church was
looked at R. 532! and this group proceeded to Pettus
Bridge and out U. S. 80, taking the same route back
_ R. 533!, slowing down once more at the scene of the
activity on U. S. 80. Birmingham was reached about
3:00 or 4:00 P. M. R. 534! where Rowe was incar-
cerated in county jail. Bond was made for him that
same night R. 535!. ' -
On redirect examination, Rowe stated at the Klan
rnllv in Mnntlrnmerv on March 21. Rowe. together ----4 --- ------='_-----I, ___ ----- --- . _.' ___.. _|. __g. . .
with Crawford and Rutherford, harrassed and booed
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II' 5 _~ as92., ' -7; i- - I -M-5stateTicers, tnok; pictures of agents, and tried
to get a license tag number of a statecar R. 544!.._,- ., ,
Rowe relate-"i that at the time of the shooting Gene
Thomas asked Eaton what he was shooting. Eaton
replied his .22 and justified this by stating he was
using long rifle bullets which had to have their heads
cut eff so they would fit the chamber, making them
more deadly R. 545!. 92
After Rows sated he had been sent by FBI to in-
filtrate the Klan, Mr. Doar then questioned Rowe
about the Klan oath and had Rowe read 2 paragraphs
thereof R. 546!. Mr. Hanes had Rowe read other
sections of the oath of allegiance R. 547-549!.
"* D4171, E QUHPPPITT |:!i'n§Qr IQ titan .1 1-A-A. .|. jug 4.1. uuua 1 1,114 A abGluG92.l III; WGD G l.:U'J92J'
. ..at and assistant director of the State Depart-
ment of Toxicology and Criminal Investigation sta-
..i...1ed at Auburn R. 551!. Witness saw the body at
White's Chapel Funeral Home in Montgomery around
midnight on March 25 R. 552!. That body was iden-
tified to him as Viola Gregg Luizzo, and he performed
an autopsy. This post-mortem examination revealed
the cause of death was hemorrhage and brain dam-
age as result of a bullet wound which penetrated the
left side of the head R. 553!. A bullet was recovered
and the Doctor received another piece of lead from a
state investigator R. 554!. These were delivered to
Roy Eveland, an FBI agent at Opelika R. 555!, on
the 27th R. 556!. After cross, redirect and recross
examination, witness was excused!"
92..
i_ 92i'I"W'a92
! Since many of the points elicited from this witness and
several others which f9llow_are otherwise developed. such
points will be deferred until that more appropriate time
to avoid repetition.
_ ..g ,_ _ ,._ _ g _,. .- ,_. 1. .5, . ., _ - - _. -. _-- - - _-...; .- -.,- -. - ,. _ . ,;p,|. h _ - -V _ _;;_.,v-; .92»gl,_. 1,4-5-.»-I'-.. . n?-'-av. al_~4- _._ 14. -r$r.fj'f,-!!luH:1;?!§ra..a3F'.*fi"f¥?i¢|nI-r-f~---92I¢f92§.|i§-!-"-<-- _ *'4 i"q£,r ii-W 5- ~=~.=a==.--'-is-?-'>-*--.'~'--"-.'-* f»-.*~+.¢*.¢<-*+"e':-+-is ---1 ~- f .... .. --F "iih-qlqlrwrad-:url1uu l. -.1:-Ocular; 1| inn u. I. _ I __| II _ T. _ '- I V _ ,,_ _. 0-cw 1-q MA 0'-|_ a , - .. ., . ---.. : . ~ - - - u - . -' - -| *- ' ., , .1. , -- ,.'---.1. l -1-. .._ " --.- 1. 924 -. .,92 ' '. , '1. .. ---~-l-92' . -343. -..nun_4._l92» '1-.14 -mu. -.-.'.-1- -.¢Q-...92..___,92_,__- ..-,,*__,__.,, ,.__- ,,92,,,_,_ ~_|,__,;,g-,,. _.,,,,,,_92 92- ,., 92g¢..2s..92.i 1...» . -w-. . .. - 0.! -7 -Que!-.1 92. 4~..u - » e s -I 1I
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ROY EVELAND stated he was special agent of
FBI R. 564-565!. Dr. Shoffeitt on March 27, de-
livered to him 2 lead bullets which were in small brown
envelopes. After Eveland saw the bullets they were
rescaled in different envelopes by the Doctor and iden-
tfied RE 565-566!. Eveland delivered thesepenvelopes
to Marion Williams that same day. The 2 envelopes
were marked for identification as U. S. Exhibit 28
and 29 R. 566!.
OUIDA __ LARSON lived in Selma and worked at
Silver Moon Cafe R. 571!. She worked there on
March 25 from 2 until 12. On that day 4 persons
came into Silver Moon between 7:00 and 8:30 P. M.
R. 572!. Witness identified, defendants Thomas, Wil-
kins and Eaten as 3 of these 4 persons and said she
did not see the fourth in the courtroom R. 573!. The
four sat in a booth and she served 2 of them beer.
Witness could not recall any particular person from
among the many others who were present at that time,
nor did she remember how long they stayed R. 574!.
Y was a spwial agent for
FBI R. He was stationed at Selma on March
26, 1965. He met Rowe and some Birmingham agents
in Selma R. 578!. Rowe directed Riley as to the
route he had taken the night before, from Pettus
Bridge through Selma and back to U. S. 80 to the
scene R. 579-581!.
. .. " . , .1. _;
-I
|
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,-_ .-:~.~.-is examined by Mr. Hanes, _Riley stated he
. ,.,._=_,- ;.: 7.92'o9292'e and the 3 agents with him when the _' . ,-¢;;;=- :. I-T.*9292'e and his 3 companions was being re- I
:;._._~_.-,_:~:.=. Ieft the car past the scene towards Mont- _
. 5.... .'.n-ning to Selma to his office R. 586!. The -
1 9292- nu
-- 1* .-;.::-ted looking for empty shells on the 26th, 3 y; _:_-out 1:30 P. M. R.-.588!. Riley and his inl..|-n, |I .a___ __-_..L f92L____ _._ f92_s.A.£__._ -___I I __ -_Q --H:-_-" __~ 1.. I92ll'9292'B WB1'B onananan, U¬lililIlg3 BIIU ueany '' - I
_~s started the search about 1 mile from the ll ;:__:¢:_92 .- t I
l.. -~-.-.ml Montgomery and worked toward Mont-
}j :_..._., ,- SSS-589!. The shells were found on Ivion- ;
QT, '_.j_-_, SS1. They were between the edge of the I
2,2
15- _
' ' -J.-at off. another one about 31%;, the farthest :_ - 92
' -- -_ , and the ditch; they were right on the shoul-
was about 2 feet off the road, another one
'- . .:'.~out 9 feet off. They were scattered along-
. i ei gIIliV!92 It l92II 0-I-an nlnnnlrhnn nl- can nnwl-:n92'|'|nn I _ , .3 ll 9292 Q ull DI I¢ allULIl92JGl GU ll PQI UIUQIQI
j. -,; 5, -.~.=.:".92llel therew R. 539! . . E .
-3: 1~=..s.-demsn on redirect elicited the information
,-_- 3 were found .55 of a mile from the scene , . 92 |I ,_ - 0 |
' 3 = ;.'-IQ! JEROME MOTON lived in Atlanta, Geor- |
. ;.;_.._ _.;;¢_5 -.92-as 20 years of age. During the Selma-Mont
1' :_ -saarch he was in transportation from March
" -.-:-.:;'. :'-.e 25th R. 594! ; he lived in Selma then R. v
-;; 3-_'__-:.~n met Viola Luizzo March 18; he had her
.-.1-1'2": rst time until she was killed R. 594!. Moton
1;,-. 7-111. '_:t1iZi2O Wednesday, March 23, when he tooli ,
= ;_~i;;--_- marc_h_, and on Thursday evening the 2-ith ~'
,- 4-. .'~a-5|-s3-595!._ She drove the car from St. Jude r
R. see!. ,1.b
. _ .¢n.-
I
31:31: and Mrs. Luizzo left for Montgomery R. I
=.:-:- T-.'.':~.'~' Luizzo was driving; Moton was to the '
. 92_Iu 33
right in front R. 597!. On U. S. 80, someone passed
the car and shot; he was tampering with the radio;
the car ran off the road; Moton stopped it; turned
switch and lights off. A car came over the hill, stopped,
shot a light at the Luizzo car R. 598!-. He passed out
in the car R. 598-599!. His next recoliection was
blowing the horn at some cars. Moton departed the
car and ran toward Montgomery; he was picked up
and returned to Selma. He went to Brown's Chapel
Church R. 599!._ '
On cross examination; in addition to the foregoing,
Moton stated he did not know whether liirs. Luizzo was
working or not R. 601!, but she came to the transpor-
tation office R. 602!. On the trip from St. Jude to
Selma, another car tried to run the Luizzo one off the
road R. 605! ; and bumped the Luizzo car 2 or 3 times
R. 606!. Mrs. Luizzo started back to Montgomery
and was driving 70-to 75 miles an hour R. 608!.
Moton did not hear any shots fired; he heard glass
shattering; witness did not know where shots came
from R. 608-609!. -They had left Selma at 7:34 P. M.
so this was close to 8:00 P. M. R. 609-610, 621!.
When a car shined lights on the Luizzo ear, Moton
got down; he did not touch ivirs. Luiaao R. 669; 622! ;
the car went back toward Selma R. 609!. When the
car shined its lights Leroy stayed in the car about 5
minutes. He tried to flag a truck R. 610!. While he
was in the road, a little red Sprite headed toward
Montgomery R. 611! came by at about '70 miles an
hour and tried to run him down R. 610!. Leroy wu
in the ditch for a while; t.he_n_ggt on the front seat and
passed out for about 30 minutes R. 611!. Leroy ran
and walked down the highway toward Montgomery
for about 31/2 miles. He did not see any state troopers
or other cars R. 612!. . ' .
- "f'92-"t3-;ir;|?'.-La-:7;-egg,-¢,w,,§';,.;i.q".:~I.-.'s.J:a-ltllf.->--11,63'.f?*§Hl?92}§.!§ofbi3;§i#l-;§.T$f¥¥{I1!§1§§1-.5~?QTQ@f'92-5 '1'-¢--Y-1?-92*'5¢z4W*i""§'f-'3";' d_ ._ ~ _ -are ;.- ,5: R '- 2'--.*.'-. 92-. " " ='--.' '6-'_ - 1 "--- 4.-4..-. :1 -1 ' ""' ' ~- " - _ . ----or ' - -~ -__ ~'=--*-t~:;m-'" .;~. .-*'~...1-as ;.--.». ;._*.e*i:-:~.*.=-*!'s~_a'.'~¢~=----92I.92'92'*'..z'*.~92*+~*-. W-'*''~=-* ... .._.. W . . , ......_.».~'-...._* . . =H . ' . * '5' *7 "'0' ~ ' ,,£;'"' ' i ' waits" ' l oi'J..i*aes.it:';L..~a;a.e...----*..¢.........,.-~ '¢-.'1-"- ...:..¢.-..£._->-i..~-s-4..-tw wt"--=-. -~...+--;-=-- ~- ---1-----'-----*-4'*~92"'*t3"'
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_ ____h__
Y92- a. ' L LI. I A. I L .QI .I _'ILeroy got into tne rear 61 a tiéli no naggeo and
went to Brown's Chapel Church R. 614!. He saw Lt.
Nichols but did not tell him oi the shooting R. 615-
|R|l=92 Li Pircf uqnfdnf r|-nntvnlln inn l-nllrnrl uril-In unenuUJ.U]o ran .1 anew unyusuu 92Jnbl.|-92..u us? wllncu rvsun aaucvcn
Williams, an SCLC official R. 616!. Lt. Nichols took
Leroy into custody there and carried him to Selma
Police Station R. 616-617!. hloton denied twice that
he stated to those present the car that came alongside
and shot was a black 1955 Ford, which went on up the
hill, turned around, came back, shined its lights on the
car, and went back to Selma R. 618!. On cross ex-
amination, Leroy said he stopped the car by using the
brake pedal. Leroy was 6 feet, 4 inches tall R. 622!.
"Z'SSE McG.4H.4 lived at Metairie, Louisiana. On
.1 25, he was a state trooper R. 623! on duty on
56 east from Selma on radar detail; his partner
1*-"la T1'c.per Hagood. The radar detail was set up at
Iyler Crossroads, 11 miles east of Selma R. 624!,
which Mclliaha merited on the drawing oi U. B6.
His unit was shopping violators. McGaha was shown
U. S. Exhibit £21 for identification, a warning ticket
R. 625!. Hagood flagged a 1962 Chevrolet and wrote
the warning ticket and the driver asked if "the niggers
been giving ycu boys any trouble R. 627!. The
ticket was admitted into evidence. Witness was shown
U. S. Exhibit 32, which he recognized as issued to a
Volkswagen bus on the same detail about 7:50 P. M.
Over objection, this was admitted R. 628!.. I.
' 1 Additional testimony on cross examination set the
time at t =20 P. M., 101- the muffler warning R. 629!.
The trooperewrere working the westbound lane oi the
four-lane R. 630!. Traffic was on the medium to
heavy side. Witness was sure other troopers were
working U. S. 80 R. 631!. McGaha did not observe,. s. . . .-. ... '-"-'¢._JI- .- - ..r 1 t.- -. - 6-. - 1" .,-,»I-,- 1"J;-4' '_"" ". " < -- . -- .-'-'-'-";r1~1":'.'- -
35
.
_.._.n_A. _._ L__... _J _.___ _--.___L _nn .11. A _ I 1 . Q Iarrest, or near or any arrest on mat nlgnt 01 8113 G0-
ing 100 miles an hour R. 632!.-
THOMAS M. SHAUGHNESSY was an agent for
FBI R. 635!; and his testimony concerned W. O.
Eaton, the appeal being moot as tohim. However, it
may be noted Eaton was arrested at his residence; a
search was conducted; a hand ,gun was found under
the mattress in the bedroom on the first oor. This
gun was marked U. S. Exhibit 33 for identification,
which witness said was the one he obtained at the
Eaton residence R. 637!. Eaton stated after his
arrest he arrived home at-10:30 P. M. R. 636! on
March 25. Shaughnesey also identified a smaii hoit
with the gun as containing 6 .22 caliber bullets with
which the gun was loaded R. 647!. This was part of
U. S. Exhibit 33, which was admitted R. 6-46}.
EDWARD M. LEAH Y was an FBI agent during
March, 1965 R. 653!, stationed in Birmingham R.
654!. On March 26, Thomas was arrested by other
agents in Lorenes Cafe in Bessemer R. 655!. U. S.
Exhibit 34 for identification was 6 photographs of
Thomas car outside of Lorehe's and it was admitted
R. 656! . On the passenger side of Thomas car there
was a .22 caliber bullet sitting on the ledge where the
window came out of the deer R. 657!. Agent Cen=
naughton directed attention to the bullet and, over
objection, witness was allowed to state Thomas turned
ashen or gray R. 653-659! " .
Leahy with Agents Connaughton, Byron and May-
nor went to the home of Thomas with a search war-
rant, which was U. S. Exhibit 35, for the residence and
automobile of Thomas R. 659-661!. This was ad-
mitted into evidence R. 661!. Thomas homewas
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T-92 ........- .._ -_ ... - ..these were U. S. Jsxmmts :16, 37 and 38 for identiti-
cation R. 662-663!. A Smith & Wesson .38 caliber re-
volver RT667! serial C418827 R. 670! was found I I
.1... 1.1.... -..... -.l 'll'.._ l'.*!......£.. FFl_......._ ,......I ....___l....l I-..In LUIS 92Uill' U1 H113. I. IUUHIU 1. IIUIIIESH d-IIU marneu LUI-
identification, U. S. Exhibit 39 R. 666-667!. Mrs.
Thomas executed a consent form, U. S. Exhibit 40 for
identifieatien R. 6785679!, for Agent Byron. E-r.=
hibits 39 and 40 were admitted without objection R.
679!. _
The testimony of CHARLES DONALD
BYRON R. 677-685! is oinitted. Byron did read an
inventory of things taken from the house of Thomas
pursuant to the search warrant including one New-
-wrt model Cb? double barrel sawed off shotgun, serial
saber '170-E'>'.'.*-4 R. 683-684!.
.,.!f:'N F. CONN.-IUGH TON was an agent of FBI
n duty in Birmingham on March 26 R. 707!. He
participated in the search of Thomas house and seized
pursuant to warrant a. sawed off shotgun, U. S. Ex-
hibit 41 for identification R. 707!, admitted into evi-
dence over objection R. 708!. The basis for such
a ruling, as stated in chambeis, was that these de-
fendants belonged to an organization dedicated to the
preservation of white supremacy, regardless of the
means, ballots or bullets R. 694-695!. This would
go to intent as to what they were doing here, yonder,
on their trip R. 696; 708-709-!.
RALPH BUTLER was an agent of FBI, stationed
in Birmingham on duty March 26. Butler arrested
Thomas at Lorene's R. 713!. The .22 caliber shell
was ma'i'§ed"'U. S. Exhibit 42 for identification and
was described as having the nose of lead cut or shaven
off with a hollow point in it; it was a misfire R. 714!.
it was admitted into evidence R. 715!.=.I»'.- .51 .~..~'.;- l".r.*-'../.Z¢" "i ~* "== "6 -"' -~ .. " . -i -
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