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Odly heavy expense. Awarding to emts of the Minister
of Health, this fact is due to the fullling of needs hitherto
"unfullled. Such cases of waste as the one just cited, how-
ever, would belie the Ministers statements. a ~: A. i
' csuuu suvues '
The executive council has general responsibility for the
dental service in its area. Dentists wishing to participate
enter into a contract with the council, agreeing to abide by
regulations. The names oi these dentists are published for
the information of the public. Paymt for their service is
made by the executive council. However, the review of bills
is carried out by a separate body, the Dental Estimates
Board. In handling coniplaints and disputes between patient
and dentist, the executive council plays a role, similar to its
rlein general medical service. -w " ._ . _" 1 _
The patient may choose any dentist from the list who is
willing to accept him as a patient. He is expected to choose
a dentist in the area where he is located. I was told, however,
that the diiculty in obtaining dental appointments is so
great that the patient is often forced to shop around over
wide areas before nding one who will render service. Upon
accepting the patient, the dentist makes an examination,
determines what" work is required, and with the patients
concurrence, lls out a chart of the mouth on a special form,
noting the proposed work and an estimate of its cost. '
During the rst few months oi operation of the National
Health Act, the dentist was allowed to proceed with most
kinds of treatment without special authorization. When the
course of treatment was completed, he forwarded the form
as his claim for payment to the Dental Estimates Board for
approval. The Board, after reviewing the form, would
certify to the council the amount payable to the dentist. So
many abuses developed that the Minister oi Health pro-
claimed new rules. One of these stipulated that approval for
all proposed work must be given by the Dental Estimates
Board before the dentist could proceed with the work. The
service is iyee for all treatment and appliances which are
clinically necessary. Patients desiring treatment or appli-
ances more expensive than clinically required ior example,
gold inlay lling where amalgam would suice! must pay
the extra coat of such treatment. Such cases require the ap-
proval of the Dental Estimates Board, and the extra charges
may not exceed prescribed limits. . _
SOME PROFESSIONAL SA!-EG92.I IJDS '
- I was told by some patients that certain dentists would
state, after making the examination, that the work to be
done constituted more of a plastic and beautifying job than
a strictly dental job. In such cases, the patient would have
to bear the extra cost of such work. The inference was that
this procedure had developed into a kind of racket among
certain dentists not too particular about their ethics.
l heard many complaints from dental patients. The dental
oices are so crowded and appointments are made so far
in advance, that dentists have become very independent
about taking new cases, "or even emergencies. I heard fre-
quently the accusation that many dentists were guilty of|creating loha 1n the patient s mouth in order to have special
service to collect for e professional safeguards are pro-'vided by having tlllentist mernbers oi the executive
council appointed by the local Dental Committee represent-
ing the dentists of thearea. Complaints by patients againstthe dentist are referred for investigation to the Dental Services Committee. ' H , " ' " "-' ' ~
The procedures in investigation of complaints and in
xing penalties are similar to those previously described
with respect to medical practitioners. Penalties may be im-
posed by cutting down the size of his patient list, by impos-
ing a monetary ne, or by denying the dentist the right
oi further participation in the service. However, only a"
special body, the tribunal, can take this latter, most drastic
action -namely, removal of the dentist or doctor from the
servicewhereas the two former penalties can be imposed
by the executive council. - _ "_ - '
' . osunsr ascnvrs sasnc mus
The dentist is required on reasonable notice to allow a
dental olcer _oi the Ministry oi Health to inspect his oiiicc.
Patients are also under obligation to submit to examination
by a dental ofcer, if the Dental Estimates Board so re-
quires. The dentist is expected to complete treatment with
reasonable expedition. He niust not ask for or accept any
payment from the patient for treatment rendered under the
service. He is also required to keep adequate records.
Recognising that the shortage oi dtists will make it
impossible for some persons to obtain needed care, the
Act requires local health authorities to set up, as part of
the Maternal and Child Health Program, an organized
dental care program fo'r expectant and nursing mothers and
pre-school children. A school dental program is operated
by the education authorities. This program is intended to
insure that these groups for whom dental care is considered
especially important will be able to receive it without undue
delay. The dentist is paid 4-00 pounds per year as a basic
salary. His fees over and above this amount are based on
the work performed. _ - - _
PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES ~ ' '
The Pharmaceutical Services Committee consists of a
chairman and six members, of whom three are appointed
by the local medical, dental, or pharmaceutical committees,
and three by the lay members of the executive council. The
appropriate service committee investigates any complaint
by a person or by the executive council against a medical
or dental practitioner, or pharmacist, alleging failure to
comply with the terms of service. The patient consults the
doctor and is issued a prescription. He takes it to the phar-
macist where the prescription is lled. The pharmacist then
gives the medicine to the patient without any charge. The
druggist sends the prescription to the drug pricing com~
mittee. After the amount is determined, the druggist is paid
for the medicines, for the lling fee, and for the container.
If he remains open after certain prescribed hoops, or is
open on Sundays, he receives extra rermmeration. ;¢, i .
. s A sums mwsasucs; _ , ,' --
' As a background for the discussion of a_rgu1nent.s for and
iagaint the national health system and other related pro-~92 *, '_ , _- _ ._~'_ _,- I ,.,g_._*. ~_. r-. A __ pg-§:'._,_¢§,.{_. ._f-" -._"~'f _q.._ 5----H3: _ '-' ~-5 92;_;,_,, - 1 , ,_-.-_ "'l:' i.y_-,'i ,1 I I ' 92-'< ' "'"' -_- - -oi |. ' - _ _-f--- . -j __ .. ' - ' I "_: - . -_'," __ _ _ _ _ - g _ W7 ',;A~L : i 4;: " _ Ti-Jl_ >1 hrli giggly iii 7 "1' i:}.§L?g§§_,:'~l.:-g? 92kI!¬§ 1.-35.--2,1», 5" Tdrt... , -t.
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gfams, let me quote from my interview with one of the
i survey chiefs stationed in London. f
- His job is that of a sort of trouble shooter, bringing
him in active contact with all five newly established national
acts in the social security program. In spite of his identica»
tipn with government service, he was strictly unbiased" and
impersonal as he iinalyzed the attitude of the public. There
is a subtle dierence, he said, in the average person: atti-
tude toward, benets ieceived through the National Assist-
ance Act, which renders assistance on the basis of demon-
strated needs, and benets received through national insur-
ance, which is mainlysupported by premium paymts.
Insurance benets are published under the _terms of the
Natidnal Insurance Act and are established as the right of
the individual. . - - " - " i * -
One reason why National Insurance is popular, accord-
ing to this oihoial, lies in the {act that the English middle
class is averse to asking for assistance without being entitled
to it. Entitlement is a word, he said, which begins to
loom more and more in the Fnglish publics mind. It in-
volves a concept basic in all such social programs and is the
very heart of the welfare state. Entitlement based on the
payment oi a premium makes the individual not only
keenly aware of his rights but inclined to demand as
much as he can, in order to get his money's worth. Con-
currently with this factor, the feeling that big government"
can be called on practically without limit, tends to make
the national system get out of hand. Individuals tend to de-
mand not merely what they need but all they can possibly
get, regardless of the waste involved. _
These two factorsthe feeling of entitlement and the
tendency to draw without limit on a big, remote and imper-
sonal government, create an increasing problem. As in the
case of the cost of medical appliances running to eight
times the estimated cost, these factors make accurate budget
estimates almost impossible. Experts may bé able to esti-
mate actual needs, but they are unable to estimate the de-
mands the public may make of a government on the grounds
_of entitlement. a .
SOME RECOMMEND DECENTRALIZAHON
The oicial just quoted is one of a rather large group
who_ advocate decentralizing the schemes now in force in
England. If insurance can be administered on a local in-
stead of a national basis, they say, one diiculty may be
overcome or at least reduced. The oicial I have quoted
stated to me that he has noted invariably that when the
administration of sickness insurance is conned to a local
group, the claims are much less. Local situations are capaf
ble of control. It is impossible, on the other hand, to check
a big government. The name Tom Brown" means nothing
if the organization is large. Tom Brown, however, is a
known member in his own community; He has a responsi-
bility to his community, as the community has to him.
England has a well founded tradition of fair play in
the matter of reciprocal responsibilities and obligations in-
sofar as the individual maintains his identity in the group.
For a century and a half, there has been a steady growth of
successful f'sick clubs and approved health societies. In rc-"- ,_ - .- 1 1 -. .92 . - ' ,. - - ., . ._ » r ---.' - - ' - - ' , .-'out of existence. _ *
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~:_;._ ~.'. 1*;,.;,¢-.,;§;.-5-;.;;f.' ._sj'-;...- -'.92:- ,1 . ..,_;_- ' if -_-__, m .. - s-,-cor -- -- ~. . - ~- --. * ~ .~ .1=. .-".:.. '- - : - -7-». 92- ' -_-. ~12 '~ .. "W5 ..- -. _ - .=='.';-Si?->"=t:. :l;_'l-::"t:§'="r.=*.-".s"¥rs -- "-1 = PF ":-'- *»~- -9*--*j:.--.."=*=* "'-=--: - "-'r-r-~ cent years, these approved societies have written health and
hospitalinsurance. 1 _, l_
Many of societies evolved to the point where they
took over the job oi administering state insurance-that is,
a compulsory insurance as provided for in the 1912 Act.
They would collect the state premiums for the state in order
to gain more contact for writing private voluntary insur-
ance. A worker, for instance, who was compulsorily insured
under this act, paid to the state a certain amount per week-
The approved society would collect this for the state and
turn it into the fund without any charge to the state, hoping
thereby to be able to write private insurance for the work-
er-s wife and childr. One building at 30 _Ea'ston Place,
London, completely devoted to this type oi work, was oc-
cupied by niuc insurance companies whose major activity
was collecting state insurance and writing private insurance
for theworkersfamilies.. . ._
' ' rl-rntosornv us camo||~|o ' '
» Q
Now, since the National Health Service Act has been cs-
tablished, these organizations are known as Friendly So-
cieties, and their work is almost exclusively health insur-
ance for cash benets. While many people, compulsorily in-
sured with the new scheme, under the National Health Act,
still carry private health insurance in these Friendly So-
cieties, there is nevertheless a marked decrease in clients,
and hundreds of societies have consequently been forced
The English tradition has been in the past to keep l;l18.tI
sickness insurance decentralized, and to play fair in their
l'6l&lIlOIlS to rt Today, however, as they have become accus-
tomed to the new centralized government system, there
seems to be a changing philosophy among the English
people This, according to the oicral with whom I spoke,
tends to create greater demands and a relatively unfair attr-
tude He thinks the people in England are developing a be
lief that there rs no bottom to the federal bucket There 38
also a growing tendency, he says, to make the I1Ol:t pay -
a holdover catch phrase from age long class struggles
Whereas early trade-union eorts to better the lot of the
downtrodden masses were certainly justified, the phtloso
phy BII1lJOCllCtl in this catch phrase now becomes more and
more characterized by an irresponsible desire to shift all re-
sponsibility, to give as little and to get as much as possible.
' Itroam ADNESS mo ovsatoamwo .
One objection to the Government Health System raised
by practically every doctor in England is that a dispropor-
tionate amount of time and attention must be given to paper
work. Several hours a day need to he devoted the lling
out of forms covering every detail of the medical work and
the authorization of errdless items, services and privileges--
including not only needed medication and appliances but
also special rations and authorization oi the patient to be
absent from work. Since practically no medical practitioner
receives enough income under the System to enable him to
pay for extra secretarial service, all this paper work falls
on his own shoulders. Altogether too much of his time and
energy are thereby dissipated, with a consequent public
_ loss of much needed scientic -,'; V_ _< I ,_._;f___ ,__,7',_:_-}r-*-" zfv; ._j3<Z.1_jf:;1-3-'Ef¥:.;4-._¢1_ 2, 1- -_" ',=>?,'I' '. - mt ;.-1. _., .*i._,}._..,.; qt-5_,_;:.;:,f.g'-__-,,. .,_»-=_~-.-3: .. .. :- ,e,_;.;_.;,; . , . . . . . H P _ Q - , . .--.4
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':'.!'tl'ore forms. One ocial jokingly said, We have a new re
- ' .
tn the System must be as a serious
- ynherent defect, rather-"than a remediable or temporary one.
In all probability,_it may tend to become niore, rather than
less pronounced as time goes on. No one who has observed
the course of any bureaucratic system in any eld can deny
that the trend is toward more and more complexity,
rather than toward simplication. Forms seem to beget
in England for which there is, as yet, no cure. It isYellled Formitis. i ' -1 L "W -' l
Loopholes discovered require more andmore red tape
to tie them shut. Already the observer" of the English sys-
tem meets sincere and enthusiastic ollicials who appear to
be carriedaway by a sort of form madness. More forms,
bigger forms, better forms are their goal--forms to cover
every conceivable detailbut never forms made simpler or
requiring less of the doctors time. There seems little hope
of removing this defect. g ' " i ' I -
' If we compare this factor now with the parallel {actor
under private health insurance systems, there seems to be
s reasonable hope that under such private systems, lorm
madness can be held much better in check. The element
of competition between private organizations requires that
the administrative iactor be as economical as possible and
that the specialized skill of the medical stall be utilized fully
and not unduly dissipated. A disproportionate emphasis on
"form" requirements would discourage good practitioners
from joining such a staii and the standing of the organiza-
tion would suer accordingly. .
_ A similar comparison might be made between the gov-
ernment compulsory health system and private health insur-
ance in the matter oi overloading. Most doctors under the
English system are at present overloaded. They must, in-
deed, handle an unreasonably large number oi patients in
order to make a decent living. One result is naturally a ten-
dency to run patients through the mill as fast and, often,
as supercially as possible. Thisdact does not appear to
worry the Minister of Health seriously; so long as each
applicant for service gets some sort of attention, the System
is working. '
..No private health insurance organization, on the other
hand, can aord to disregard the degree oi satisfaction
registered by each patient. Competition again demands that
service shall be satisfactory. Though the tendency to run
patients through the mill is by no means negligible under
private systems, self-interest demands that this tendency be
kept under control--one means of such control being a
"reasonable patient-load for each sta niernber and adequate
pay which will make the overload unnecessary.
. - Y some or nus srnsrns .
. What are the benets rendered by this National Health
System? It cannot he denied that in England a certain class
has beneted. The wage-earner and his dependents have
undeniably in the past received inadequate medical care.
They are the segment of the pbpulation least likely and least
able to maintain voluntary insurance against the exigencies
ofillness. - " ,A , --1
Through establishment of the National Health Act and
the National Insurance Act, this group hasbeen automati-*-
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cally 0 _ .
unquestionably abuse their privileges under the Acts byagainst catastrophic illness. Even though they._- ,=---'- -.5 .-ll-* ' _- 1- - .- '=". ,_-_ .'T -=" ----'~"";_-§ "-;'°-'.j="f*.;_. "~: >i" " ".T'-.-_:?}'f:.-;-t.- -,;a,-~.=-.':3.~-.*.?3.>§~.;..--.- "1u"-..;....'--.-- ». -===r l: .--?; ,*.-:-.-,._.j_-_ wt.-.-:'f-tr 1.;
making unnecessary demands on the doctors time, by do
mending unnecessary appliances and by taking unt1ecessary"""'..-32;;-_E'
sic]: leave, their benets are unquestioned. This is the group __-__
for whom there has never been adequate clinic service.
_Maternity and infant mortality rates have been high,,tl1e'in-_ -
cidence oi preventable diseases-such as diphtheria, tuber-'
culosis, smallpox and scarlet fever-has been great, and the
wage-earner's inability to aord decent private medical
care has been well recognized. This is the group then that
has beneted most from the new system and stands to
benet both from the economic and health standpoint. _
Likewise, many of the middle class who, for physical or
other reasons, might not be able to share the advantages of
voluntary health insurance are also beneted. I ,_ ._
Hospitals have been relieved of the uncertainty and bur-den of fund-raising campaigns. = " ' ' "
' New medical graduates are now assured of worl: and 5
basic salary from the day of graduation. There is a degee
of assurance to the specialist in the present system of pay-
ing him a specic fee for each pa_tient, whereas formerly -he
treated clinic patients without charge. .- = l . - _.
In 8 closely related eld, we nd undoubted benets rel
suiting from the governn:-ents child welfare program. Dur-
ing the war, and, to a certain extent since, there has been
regulated feeding of_ the population and government re-
quirements of an adequate diet for children. This has re-
sulted in a much higher degree of nutrition among children,
especially in thelower income group. Even opponents of the
welfare-state concede that this accomplishment has been
laudable and of benet to the nation as a whole.
" '_n'su|=rous'~
Do these benets overbalance the defects and disad-
vantages of the system as previouslyoutlined? And are they
advantages which could not be obtained without resorting
to government control? My study of the system in England
leads me to the opinion that the disadvantages outweigh the
advantages. _ _
In _our own'cou.ntry, where economic conditions are het-
ter than in England, where clinic service for the low in-
come group is more adequate and where already voluntary
health insurance is beginning to meet the needs of the mid-
dle class, there seems every reason to believe that the na-
tional health problem can he solved without resorting to
revolutionary means. .. -_ -~ " 92 ,_ r 1
This does not mean that our medical profession is Esti-
ed merely in opposing moves toward government control
of medicine. A purely negative approach is dangerdus and,
in the long run, ineilective. If we are to save our bystern
with its undoubted benets both to the; profession and to
I-he Public. We must applynour eorts more earnestly than
ever, to the task oi reinforcing the sound elements in our
system and of nding means to correct its weaknesses. . "
. -92 . '92 ' . " -
Nors:'l'he author wishes to make grateful uckaowledgnient to _ ~:' "'
Dr. Bums: M. Devil! of the United Stare: Public Health Service log,
some of the statistical date contained in this report. -, -,,-- ' .-1. -:5.-4.
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It eppeere that ehe hoe been eeh__'enge¢92 tronher huhend for ecle tile; -conridmtiei reeo:-do or the hospital reflect that lrietel Iloinenn hutmeme um nu; haeband eel e mm: pmm. em! um. lenetehtin khnnoe, ;_ e toner teller etudnnt. of her husband at larnrcl-Imivereity, he eotueJ.1y_ the fat-her at her three children, e. feet Ihioh lnfeeenoe 1|" ieportei _t-o hje_ M . 4-___:-,1,-,' ; __ . .' . rm -15 1' ~"_-.-_"___ ;"=I-"'-_ _-,.-P" 3; -",¢d§.. -K, -' -.' .. . -- 1 1_'=" ' '1., -. *=l*._~ -=¢- - ,--= 1-~ - ,1 e 1:, '.- 5 ,-.-"rt-.'.-_ _-= ~ -- I ' . -e. L . .: - - - . ' ' _ . I "-' " - I ' - -H .- 5 .- ».__92 s . ' -' .- L 4|. ,-- - - § - - _; J -
Ieethoro 518-he Iloepit-ll, Kristel Fiche Rein I eal inf-ervieeed on J~ eI'ehruI1 2, 1950, us omen up ehe app-no"? ho mlpletelq nuomi; "phi outed thntehehulnoteenegreatdeal that brother, hilhliu[Laue che, but recalled eeeing his in Oexieny in 1933 and again it 1935, 'ether his expulsion Inn Germany. She also ieealled that he hid viaibedher eeieral time in 1945 while she mu residing in iaeal.ohneet.te- Shepaid that ehe did not imae Anything eonoerning his activities in Geinmy,. . hut recalled that following hie eqnlnion, he had {one to I;-wee. She leid
_ in eaede tor inha:'mmh_ee e German alien-{ ~ more he Ill eontaot-ed qr." . "I_Iera.e_J. llpen, hetrieneled him and {unied hi; with clgarettu. .Aeoozdiag to [Altai Heineuan, jen_de.|_.1 lung, e lenher or the nee Communist ;._Ibrty___e1ub-in Cambridge, llaesaohueette; he em. to Ihiohhezf husband, RobertI. semen; hel.ong_qd,_,l4w1eed he: lmehend em. Helperin ma meme nu orche! iatennnent lhereefher; ehe heard tron her brother R11 Phebe!_ {ml time uring the eouree oi his interment, the neeeaze in each
._1netmoeheingtorearded£rmBe1perintoIur:7endhy'Iur:7giventoIohert Hoineeem hath Ionltinb1n.'Ip.!'lilnol, pemaou or Kristel Beinenen,end the Lethe:-iehneband, lobert 3- leinemn; eubetantinted hor at-Itemsnteas to hi]. Fuchs intemaenh in Canada, Int were tumble to definitely 1nd!.oata_the__pe;iod du1ing|Ib.1.ch he eae_he1d¢_ _; A V _ V ..1.. ' -¢/ l . *' ..; -" 315"? f lleoon Tehran:-yi'!, 1955, Robert 8101!: 'Boinenm,'the huehud at- - ee eientel ptient at the Ieetbero sum Ioepitei, Ieef-hora, Ieeeeehneette. 7 i'**=.
- an mm 190 noun; in 1940!» Nohe no been um. from Greet mun-. .4-_, _.."'1'" _ . --' -.'l..=_§=;'92,'If:I§_'-f .-11,'1'."._ ' .=.i;5 !'lH1 "r_:.v I'?:'.:,"'. :4 -1 _ -£3, ~.- .. .. _- _ 1 92
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they night disclose oonceming mil mono.
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intonation aonoarltng I111 Julian 81-In helm, shining at lo -in I-blunt-non his an hon on about can occasion that Pasha Ind 11:11-rd than.
lninnmcihinul tlnthonianuaq tony, 19$? has oonzhotlnghlltcrhroan:-ah in u I1d.n1927 or Iontoruy, loxioo, concerning u lulu: hr 03-.1847. Iota: hon an a molar or dzlaonpaaniu scanning tho hot:
lurrotmding Robert Romano: 15.11% to Inrioo-! Ininnan no nlnctant tolamuq lug _naod.atno,- In not tally aooparltln, and dottaihly appear!.,.uu1.1uo- i ' -.-t~ < or.» . ~ = - _,- _- . --.._ s- - 3 9-'|..... '; ""11;-".' "." _ __ . 4 . . . --~.. - .:_r_._. __ .- , - V _ _ ,-.H 1: a-_;_: _r . --_.!! "__- _-_~_ .. _.__<.-__: :£.._,-__AL;::v'_.¬§.'_ I L. .'5" ' 4 Iobu-t} Blot In llilil iltoninod or the ovIn3.n.¢"'b.f
hhnuyl, 1950, otlhieh ttnnhontittod tlathocu our:-aotlyanth: amborot 111000-nniotllrty. In turnlrhodhililrwnmonld '
mama that unaniat Paw mating: were hold in his Inna. Iaumnr, torufuod to tarnish tho DIIOI of other Cctlniltl, lhng that Ill did IntInt to talk about pooping political belioto, int an willing to ginaw into:-nation that nimt ho of haunt in connection with upiarngo
ocuvitlol. cputioad opodalk concerning nontoet-o_o1' 3:11 Inch: _while tho hthr In visiting the Holman: ruldnnoo, in thrnialnd 1aton- '
atlon oonoorning nodorc tract hit-tort and an individual. by tho mu atDoutacb lino: idantitlod an lard; Duntuh!. In 1100 It-stud thatbo tuntlntln the Iuuoro!19l»6; Iulaehaaadlr-lotolioiuuuonhodborruuodaa
automobile tron Victor Ioiodzopt, which tho; Iron to Schmnctow, In tort,tor tho pupon or riaiag N. Bans Soa, 1 walnut nod: niaan.
In this ooonootlon, loaotann unnm kn
ti.no1.o19£7, lrintnllaiaunnandidlluohanndnaoao-:hg'Bchmoctady, In tort, to visit 0 lumtlot blond of M1 It
either with Go:-null Univu-azlq or loan-ml Elnetrio. In-tuaaou
opinionthntthiaaclentiatwuotornnorlglaandhduangli .
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.'¢: ' '- ' 1 . Inhooln, heltevee etarte with lob,§oeel9292lq'~» . ~ -:'.;;.-'.e."fu ':-.= '- ,--.;--. Robhtne or I; beloberte or lobdneom - ' 5
- V Be!-it 15' 5" <e .-."-"- " - V 7 . 92 =" ' ' Ieaturee 1 7:111 hoe, Itth ne features 1-;;=¥%;_.;;g*§_§"'
heir _ nut and thinning, eith 1.apreee1on__o1'_ba1doeee 5' _A .- -V .=»==-r-we - . ~ -~ -1» :5K 1- .. "_; laeeee 92___Iore glaeeea; I :1.j;3;~*:%.@;-3'":=d§ii,§1}_11;;-,-I-.£ ; 1 !~ 1* hue: I011-mane:-ed -. - o»
lbineean agreed generally with the deeoxdpidoa or the mknorn nan lhilllled been 192:rn1ehod by Robert leiaenn, etattng however that ehe was atthe opdnlon ho nae in hie forties. She said at ehe believed hehad nodealone reremnoe toaeite and thetaotthatho hndnore thouoae ehdi younger than her om eeoond ohdld. {Iota thin Iould nke the dxilda-en ' _' J;-_ _of the unknown individual lean than tour yeare or age Ln 1945.! Aooording to ndatol H01nemi|.n'I recollection, the unknom indloztdunl had approached
umoennanlndtal-zenthetzoubletoeone tothehouee. Itinelzdetel > ' ,Ieiniml-n'l reoolleotion that the unknown am had etoyad for lunch on two ,oooaadona, but that on the morning when he contacted £1 Ihohe, he had _etnyed only a mo:-t ee, pea-hope about fteen minutes. Kristel Bginunn,although appearing rational and inoperative during the inter-rie-I, tndb _" 'eated that she had no idea eonoeming the oaknoln individualie name or the place nnnehiohhehadeonn -. , - - .- ' .. -- M WI-M 0" *= 1°"-v ,. °'¥".'F'..?"!*'.'
the Heinenan residence iv lilting and it nae understood that he hod oone latethe city by train. She also __r-eoalled that when B11 Peohe had heard thetjhe-- men had been adsing tor hie, he exyreeeed enrpriee over the hot that the
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".- 1- j' ' iii;-1-6 ..m.'.1a'"o..¢ oh._ Yeltfort Jr a dloee aeeooiate or Robert Heineun atseartheore College; $.17.-.--rm1925u»19as,maa-um-¢ o»:..ym¢:nm¢a.1=sp=1nom=;19sv,- Q."
had ooee to Harvard Univereiw Iith Robert Heinanan and had resided in; - '_-;;.',Cambridge, Iaenohuaette. an etated that Ieltfert had attended OouaniidetParty meetings at their hone during the period Iron 1964 to 1945, at whichlatter time be land 150 Pi-10 L11-O, Calilornia. She qid turthér thatYelttort was related to le Deutech dart-in Deuteoh! to nae visited by .Puehe in mnbr1d8'n Ioeeoohueottn. An interview with Veltfort is" contemplated.
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L -;_._ ':.--i . _ 1 o-9'8" -101'/ner _ d d
. ._ @._»-- -~ - I4-an Boot-ooh, oonidoood ohovo, no o toroor or tho
u aw-"am-; ob 1.»; Ahnoono pr,-ooat ot tho hohdrobry durini portdnoatlorid! in Pobmoiy, 1965, whoa Iqdzo oqo in 92ooo__h I_ith_h_1l oontoof oi Golbridgof
tot-ho otfoot that oano I-too in 1%? hdlotol. Iodnouon odd Idaho hod lodo o oao- . --
ammpuav, no m-2, wupmn I. n. hook, Unit-od sum no nupeawr -2Iochinao at tho nonoroi moot:-io Plant in Sohonooto-4,1. lho pdrpooo or this-_;-vioit woo w ooo o puma: mama, :0. up oloo boon iooraod to um-moo -j1_=.oith thio nttor thot on Invnhor 17, 1947, iuoho, on o loohor or tho lri "italic le:-37 Rooou-ch ootablilhnent, vioitdd Br; Hubert G. Pollohk, Rooooroh
"1-ll *1 "ll" Wm-» *-:=-*1 .1
. Io one hoo hooa dotoroinod that on Juno 25 196, Idaho, oo ononbor of the Ronhotton mot-riot Project, paid o peroouol. vioit to lino A-
lotho, Profooaor of Pnyoioo, Cornoll University and gating onauliont for thodonorai lllootz-in Mario Energy Projoot. ihio omtoronoo took plooo ot thooioo cf Dr. Ionnoth ll. linzdon oommi hmgor at tho lohonootody rooo '-*-,§-'at tho Iucloonico Doporhnont, lloctrio Boogouy. '.
. 1,. '5'." lg _ :_l=_: _ _ ;.._~.| Mg. n, :_.,.-_ =,.-1. . ¢,- -._. ._ »- 92. - §4. - momma; the sum-o-nmma mi: to aim '13-Botho bub: as!19$, it I111 ho roanllod that Idaho dopn-bod for tho Unit-ed lillgdol on IND ,
at tho lrioh Iiooion, oppomntly in Ioohingt-on mu. 1:-on duh:-idgo ' -.;Inoooohuaotto, and that an Juno 8, 19%, ho oaoin omio to thio individual -on
tho otatianory Of tho Iindoor Hotol, mama, mm. to thin lower Ina: .
Ihcho oncloood hio tnvoling oaponaoo for his ight than loo took to Boo:-on to .Iona-o-o1. ho pointod out that ho hod opont tin doyo hi dub:-idgo odd Y "Bohouootodgg port-toil; on haoiaooo and portion; on noioi notion, but poo 17'
~1r=@., -;;¢;*¢-=§;o *1-¢ ""»-"-~,-;»¥-";":".'--§.-'.- -,.ii*--'.L5§%??;?;'.§ I 1.: ' .-Q m__ ._ _ 1 _ , t . _ I .92]I MI. 1: . _'_.J=;__g.i;__: _..;_ -_ _,_, -:'.:,_.:_:_ if Eb-,:A_1' '- - Oh htmazy I» 1950, 5». somoi iohdooit, plgroiciot, hrool:hovon'"lotionol I-ohontoty, um round, In rm, odviood um. at 1 mu» nootlhgin Ionxt Dr. Io:-1 Polo: ihhon hod odviood him of o author duriouo opioodo "bohoon Ochoa ad Idaho in 191.7. Anew-ding to Goodnivt tadorotonding '-+_-'-1 *,1'_'tho incident; Ochoa had roooivod o. phone call from Puoho, who woo thou iq ' '
tho United Status for o dodlaooifiootion oontoronuo. Ochoa invited Iuoho
to his homo, but Iuoho doclinod and o lunohoon data ooo'aodo- Daring thin
lnnuhoon no buerinooo no diocuoood and thio, ooooz-ding to oudonit, lurpriood '
Gabon. subsequent to tho lunchoon Pucho dolled Qohon, oqnhining that he nodhorruood o hat. from o friend with ohon he Io: otaying and he ookod Cohon lo
obtain tho hot at the rootalu-out and return it to tho person Ivan ohon ho
bod hormwod it on loot 1111-h Strlotv
£89 y""":1-* 92
#--Lohorotogy at up mm», on lotion, Ihoso am 1. in mm -.£u";'
do; trip to Bdhonoody, Ion fork, it hoo boon lotorniaod that on Boooobor ll; TC"1947; Ihoho hod boon outhoriood to vioit tho ouonl lloatric 023117, -
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I-oborot-0:7, Oonoml liootrio Willi for tho pzu-poo oi diouuooiug tho;-Q
1946. Info:-ootiu io oniiobio that on duo 2?, 1946, Iucho onto to o ooubor -
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mm Imcgrel, that la, head er the 'lhecnetl.ca1 nvuee mvmea. -In 1end: he had been placed in frequent ecataet etth Ihche at the 3| 1-. 'hheratoriee, Ooluabia Ila!-verelty, ep until. the ee that Cohan had left "'*7'._ 'the laboratory ialhq, 1914- le aeid that ct all the aeericaa ecientiltecu. the atomic Energy Prcdect he probably knee Ihche better and had more A ' reentaeteith hie thaaa-wet the other-an le etated thatlde contact,however; Ila Zliaited to hueineee and not tc eectal eentacte etoept vtereeellyartydzicheaegirntc 0cheniaIey,19lJ»_0ehend1d -ehere Iuohe had reaided in lee Icrk, cot he eae anre that PedalLee eece atter leaving Ice Yorke le lid that in January, 1946, vhiie he ~.'-,_5-?.--eae replayed by the ammo on Development ooapuv, he eent to be nae»earvicee ct a glveioiet 1':-an the pbyeiclete . '-:-;1-'I
breaking Pe la recalled til
had leaeedohea hie ear to
ado. Iuche than told hie
Cohen, however, did noteeen Ihche '.
for Inghad
che bit '
Oohen continued, lying that he had no contact eith fuche afterthie anti]. eonetiae in 1947 when a declaeaitieation conference eae held 1-aChicago. Johan eae told by Dr» Iillard Libby of the Atoade leery Ocanaieeicl 'that he ahould dieeaee vim Iucha the declaaaiticatioa of a certain documentand aake hie recomendatione for the conference. Cohen received a phone calltlena eoaaan Iho explained that ahe, eae a 1'1_-lend et Dacha, that Iaehe eea-was either at the may led-eon lotel or Perk dental set-e1,aec thatIuche eanted to eee Cohan hereafter oohen called Pu:-he and invited hietc . hhie hone, which invitation I'u_che deolined. Ie and Ihche, however, had dinner J ,-at a restaurant of Ooherne cheering, during ehieh time they dieoueeed thedeclaeeirioatioa ct the document, Cohen recommending that it he declassified t "and Iuohe oppoeing. Cohen etated that eon tine after leaving the restaurantor the next day, Incha realised he had left e hat in the reetaurant, which Mtbelonged to the person eith than he had been staying. He aeked Cohen to pickit up and return it einoe he, mche, Is leaving teen. Ochen eaid that he ,-told Dacha that he regarded thie requeat out ct line, tut agreed to call the 92people and tell an ehere they could obtain the hat. He did tbie, but the "Teoaan declined te retrieve the hat and consequently, a tee daya later, cohg, -.-5;,obtained it and retumed it. It eae 0ohen'e recollection that !u¢el f . -- ";f'contact Ill a Dr. cooper or Dr» Bkimaer, attached to the Britiah De1ea'.ticn'that ea: in the United Stet-ee for the heclaeeiticaticn Conference and do tee -~etaying with hie eite and her hther on teat 111th Street; _He,eaid thatwhen he returned the hat he not the ecientietie rite and her tathert Hedeecrihed the cite ae being typically Englieh, but etat-ed that her father '
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ma end mu Iltl it lellnt; 3 ll!!!-Q thetoe 'iI-'
t house there toe the lllji Gooper er laner, ee nuo, e the:-trite. lo eonenteé thet he would have fee-.-1,;{=i-;?_j;¬t<,;=f§f:¥*?lad it not heeetgr the publioy _ol"l'onhe-1V "
V I-11th 8t:-eet, there he beliavee he looatecl the apartment ht I36 Ieet 111th Itreet, where tin nenee on the hell. ere jttnner, Iolnen, end llreehr ~
P Oohenetetedthathehadbeeneetoendedhtheeneetotronhe, "
ehoe he regarded ee e brilliant eeieatlet, but e pereon who ma vexy little
on ea; topic end never ezweeeed hleaelt on polittoe. le mu that the group -
. of eoientlete It I00 Alsace, ehieh included Bethe Bull 1-!; Ierehek Elbert!; "
end oi-bore, probably knee Fuchs better than he einoethey were living end
» Ioxklag together with his. Cohen stated that he had eeintaineé e 411:7 on .-;=jt:1f";'
' official emferencee held with Fuchs and other! in 194! and 1944- Oohea T
eppeered cooperative end enilltng to thmieh intonation although he did not ---=11»
volnnteerewthingaoreppeer on:-iooeeetothetaoteintheeeee. Ihenhe j in eeked whether he hoe! eon-eeponded eith Inch: etter 1-ache "lett the oountry 1;.
in 1946, he eta cl that the Lgente ehouIl.d_not have the idea at Ihohe wouldhave wanted to-Ea:-nit his since Foohe knee more about the etude energy
lhvelognent t he Cohen, did et any tine. V
" . - 7 Dr. Cohen node eveilable his 61:17 reecting ofticiel oonre:-
enoee in Ihiah Puehe Ind prtieipetedt Gohen pointed out that the diary, '
. however, no not complete and that he had not kept it etter III: 1944. B.
eleo eteted that his we no rmhm ha that roam no vieited et their
hale eociellyln the mInero1'1943end tlntohenheqldonimted the d1e-l eueeion Gohu: dose hot 1-eoell the euhjeet eetter at dteoueelon et that ' 1;-3
tine, but believed that it mot have been geeeone diffusion. It I111 he
noted that Fuchs eee not la the United stetee during the eunuer or 1943 em! ' V
that in ell probability this incident oocurmed In the euner ot 1914. -_ -_
. It he been eeoerteined that Apartment 65 at 536 Ieet 111th .
Street Le owned by e Ire. Skinner, who in pm-eeentlq living in Gonneotioutt 'Bhe bee rented out thie apartment to eu-iou roonere tor thepoet Ax you-e. ...
II of foregoing, it eppeer- 1ethe elte or Dr» It ll. 3. thinner of the nod: berg Ppeeeroh Ietebl-tehleat __ in the United llngdon Iho nee one of the lritieh amber: lttendllg the De-3*, ' '' elellifioetion Conference held in IOTQbIl'! 13$? ~ '-- . .,. 4. .. 92 - ' . . -.- , . _ . .. _, ' _. _ ¢._."_ , _r; .. .___A > . . - ~ _ . 92 _ - ,- -.._ _. , J . ~ ,. _ . 1 ,4 A
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February 5, 1950
HANS ALBRECHT ETHE
BAC§_G§UND
Birth data:
Citizenship:
Marital status:
. Education:
Employment 2
A F A.-my §_1.'§1'..j
' __,..- .. , .. L ,
*;i i;,>nt
HISTORY"'9
Born July 2, 1906, Strasbourg,
Alsace-Lorraine, Germany
Naturalized U.S. citizen February 10,
l9l.,l, Ithaca, New York
Married - wife, Rose Sua&*§92nalc%gQf};e
1928 - Ph. D degree - physics - University
of Frankfort, Munich, Germany
1928-1.929 - assistant, Theoretical Physics,
Frankfort;
1930-1.932 -
1932-1933 -
l933l931+ -gs-|.:l¥er~ private cen , Munich, Gezmany;
lecturer in physics, Tubingen;
Manchester, England;
1.931:-1.935 - research fellow, Bristol, England;
1935--present - Professor of Physics, Cornell
University;
191,2-191,3 - on leave, Radiation laboratory,
"1-{IT , Cambridge, Massachusetts;
l9h3-191,6 - on leave, division leader,
Theoretical Physics, University oi California,
at Los Alamos, New Mexico
1947 - Consultant, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, and University oi California,
at Los Alamos '
Bethswas a refuge from Germany who was brought to the United Statesfrom England by "Dr. R. hazibbs, i'o:_-ierly Chairmen oi the Department o1
Physics, Cornell Universi y. His father was reported to be a famous European
professor. In 1939 he married the daughter s§n~a1<:, Stuttgart, Germany, who
was famous for his work in connection with JD-rays. He was reported to hare-.»
e world-wide reputation as a great scientist in the field of physics. .,
Dr. Morris E. Bradbury, Director oi the Los Alamos Project statedthat Bethe made many HIBJOI contributions toward developing practicai applicationsof the "fission process" in the manufacture of the atom bomb. He rank?second only to Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer-é
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Bethe nae investigated in larch, 194?, as an applicant for the
position of consultant at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island,
New York. Associates and acquaintances reported that he was oi excellent
character and reputation, strongly ant - ziend anti-Communist. Althoughhe was a fellow staff member oi PMM wn at the University of Cornell,
Ph_ysics'Department, he reportedly did essociate closely with Morrison.
llorrison was also employed at I-cs Alsmos from 19M to 1946. Morrison,
although his membership in the Communist Party has never been proven, admittedly
worked closely with the Communist Party and believed in the principal. tenets
oi Communism.92 .
11; gzcigqrgrgons
Bethe was a member of the Executive Committee oi the Associationor Scientists of Cornell University, an affiliate of en
American Scientists. The Federation of American Scient sts was reported to '
Y' members who were also members of the Communist Party.
He was also a menber of various other scientific groups which
advocated the free exchange c1 information concerning atomic energy.
commas In rgusfs or prrss he rucns
February 5, 1950 papers carried comments by the -captioned person
concerning Fuchs, Dr, Bethe was the superior of Fuchs at Lee Limos. Le
indicated in the press, Dr. Bethe was Iell acquainted with Fuchs by virture
of their Iorking together, A copy of u pertinent article is attached,
"5
Attachment
HJDENDUI
Infomation has been received from one of the press correspondents that
toll e issuance of the public statement on Saturday, February 4, 1950,
Dr. the cemented oft the record that he could understand I117 Fuchs
did the did, and that he eympsthised Iith Fuchs attitude because, 92_
after all, e. scientist is of the world and Iorks for the Iorld. ' " '
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assessed N<5iiiflr¥lm>hi
Tn eworkino Hieffriends 50v 1
B Miriam Ottvinlleril " 1'
,__ir.nr. Klaus Fuchs -passed -ntomic secrets to Russia, he P181-i
o ed l-.l1e"_role perreetir but new et-" Erecting attention -to aims-hr.
That was the idea conveyed lastnight by some of the American.
scientists who worked with the:accused Briton on the; atomicbomb project at Los Alamos. N. M. F
They pictured him es a 'quiet.#
hard-wsi-kins rouse, mm who
never talked politics and never ~-
seemed over-curious about thisnation's secrets. '~ it At the eaine time. they ex-=..
Ipressed alarm that the sensational J
charzes brollsht against the Ger-lglrtan-horn scientist mi-sht close the
door on the exchanlze oi scientic :-'
iiniormation between Britain sndl,
the United States. - - 'Dr. _ J. Robert 0PDBl111.=imE1'.'
wartime head of the Les Alamos
Fproiect. said he would be. verylrmuch distressed it this meant the '
end oi co-olleration between theftwo countries. I hope we will no
_l e whatever virtues there are .
aboration.{'_ ..; _,_ _
_ Dr. Bethe Rae Fuchs Boss.
_ ilznllar word came from
_ ns Bethe.'.Who was Fuchs boss:
t_Iios Alemos_.end headed the;
clip oi scientists who yesterday
_ ade public a warning that on%vdrogen bomb could destroy NeOrk. H
We need Britain to help us.
said Dr. Bethe last niaht. "No
e believe they will be shut o
iron: our work. We have to keepr m.t.s.-- -. = -. -4
Dr. Bethe said he was one so!
he few people Dr. Fuchs asso-
ted with at Los A1amos.-
We were very iriendiy to-
gether." he recalled. but I didn't-
'know anything about his real
opinions. _ _ -
."!:! he was a spy. he played his
- role absolutely perfectly."
when the Lou Memos scientists.
talked about the internationail
exchange oi scientic informa-w§;="gl;n?
n Iquehs was one or the members
of the atomic team oi British sci
"Americans at has Aiamos.1 worked under Dr. Bethe in the
i tbeoreticsl physics division. - i
"He made ah extremely "great
contribution," said Dr. Bethe.
He was one oi the most valuable.
,men in my division, one of'theJ zeast theoretica1._;PhFsicists we- cl." - -
" Dr. Bethe said Fuchs kpe
ve _ .",_I'uchs did no
orl? on the H-bomb which we
. hen being considered. f'but.h
ouldread any oi the documentsf,
knew the principles," said the
American scientist. ' . ' V
verrbodr "liked him."- Dr-l this trlptomexleo. -' - ' "1
thought oi him inst as s quietrPentists who~ worked with Lb 1
He
Bethe emphasised. Everybody;
industrious young man who wouldi
i everything he could to help
, o r project. _
. chs was and is a bachelor
Loo Alamos. he was neither asE rressively social nor a hermit. H
. would visit at the homes oi ,
'92
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$91" "' The Physicist recalled 'mstT'- _;l~.4 "
I
_ ll, "Fuchs "was not prominent
_ urll-nit it. nor was he reluct-
ant about it. He was like one of
the rest o!'as.-iia..,didn't attract
ny_. en .°'n.'.:4'_;i' -'-"I1 - I -Pd":
!%*it°i'~i=~§Z1%§ s?£5 -<4 93051 4/ins"
I558 fl-1*
r;lii;;l.0'£-itltitfellow ecienl] "@-n"s¥era&a-errtwieeawee._'
_ Recalled _by__8oIe_ntlsts' Wives. ,-
Two wives ct these scientists re-
ea1led_himthis;way: I ;.
"Aver? quiet. rather sweet; re-_
ticent little guy," said one. {r. ."s mild. unobtrusive element!
little man who never talked poll,-I
tics," said the other. _ f "Ir J1
, A British scientist here whpl
knew Fuchs. casually. described-him as a reticent type but r_:oti
the kind or absorbed scientistelven to wot-kins 24 hours at a
stretch on some problem." B,
Ofeiais reported Fuchs visited
ireturnins to Ensland in June.
.1946. and it has been implied that 1
{the charse oi his passing infor-
mation to Russia in 1945 involved
~ Dr. Bethe remembered 1110115;
triptoliiexico. B _.
"He drove down .tn..his ownf
1 car with some British friends in"
* the mimion." Dr. Bethe recalled:
"1 was under the impression theystock closely t0Bethe_l' all thee, hut perhaps not."_-
; As for I'ucha_'.ba.olrground,~ih-.92ethe said. Fuchs -told.-l'llm .
I ad fiedlrom the liazis. _.,,_';_';,& 1
His rather was quite pro .
nent in the_church, said D 5
Bethe. so I never suspected
1 anything like being Commu-
tic. As a man or the church.
tether-'1 ronilffllnosed Hitler
' d went to prison for thitt inl
Ge1§i_8_ . which is all to _his92iEi'edit;'"§E_ _"was oi that group of.gcpoken clerzymen opposinger."- . . - _ 1 i_ - Durham: View .Dlii'ereni. 4?;
. -A different impression came;
from Representative Durham,
Democrat of North Carolina end_
vice chairman of the Joint Com-.
mitten on Atomic En ray, whosaid it was _"aenerair underr-
stood" that Fuchs father was"or the Communist type" and that J
Fuchs "comes from a. Iona
oi Communist thinkers." -
rm elder mm is a tli'eoloEy;.
professor at ' the University or
Leipzig, in the Soviet occupation
zone in Germany. ~.
. Unlike other German reiflgees
enterins Great Britain. Fuchsiwas.
not interned when war came, Dr.-
th'e said.
"He came in peacetime 933!.
He got his doctor's desree and a
Job." Dr. Bethe explained. By the
time war came. he was suiiiciently;l;l:;§setaP.llshcd that he wasn't
Fuchs was born in Germany .'" ""~".v-both Mexico and Canada before .92"
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FOOCASE, ESP R. ONE SAE'1UEI..z2 DGOR, A SOLDIER, WORKED UNDER UCHSAAT
LOS ALAI*EOS- ONE NELSON BEARDEI-3! ACCORDING TO KNOXVILLE, WAS M10!-IG
TOP SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL AT S DASH FIFTY PROJECT, OAK RIDGE. P-EC, NY,
ADVISES AEC, SWASHII-IGTOT-3 HDQS., DIV. OF SECURITY, HAS VOLUNINOUS FILES ON
1 PODGOP. MID GARDEN, AND POSSIBLY PHOTOS. HI-IO REIQUES'I'F_'D_ TO CJONTAC.T REC, -
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Oice Z;/I675; - UNITE _@il:'T!%_I-§,-!GOVERNMEi*7T '
To , THE orescron nun: March 1, 1950F.°M Q pp: H0 bun /I id-iii-F
saajacn F0 ocuss ,/ ==--.__.ml!
7 ? Special Agent Uimperman telephoned from London ::?"
at 6:30 this morning and advised that Fuchs had entered a
plea of guilt§ E1TU?3O AM in Old Bailey to four charges
of communicating information in violation of Section I *"L--
of the official Secrets Act. .0ne count charged him with --
- communicating_information in Birmingham, England in 1943; the *"~"
second count charged him with communicating information in
A New fork in December of 1943; the third count charged him with
communicating information in Boston in 1945 and the fourth
count charged him with communicating information in Berkshire,
England, in 1947.. 'Dill
IUD. l0Qi
Subsequently,.Mr. Oimperman advised that ZB£B£_had
received a sentgncg,of fourteen years, which was the maximum
sentence possible. '
He advised that the Chief Justice opened the he ring
by reading the indictment and that the Attorney General made
a summation of the case pointing out that the motive was the
fact that the prisoner was a Communist and that the Communists
will perform any act when following out their ideology. Further,
that Fuchs had joined the Communist Party when Hitler had come
into power and that he had studied Marxism; had later fled from
Germany and come to England where he had completed his education.
Hr. Cimperman stated that they would obtain copies of
the charges and the various other papers and forward them to the
Bureau. -
cc - Mr. Belmont ' .mI%
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nu. mq__*' 'T j "" '*"f3"' ' Attention: Ir. Jack Real " - 3
W 1ebo»~_=¢ .. -~- ~ oqgir ,: ~ ~ - P, M, _ -cg ' My dear Hr, Secretary: ' " M_.; * ~ -3 __ '" j_" W,._
f H" _ if connection with the developments of the caee involuing;Bro Karl ache, who ie presently under ohargee.in England, thie.~*F.EF?EE*FEi'BFin advised that there ie a pooeibility_that a portionggof the proceedings against kin will be held in oanera and that-'~?%the State Department ie beinb requeeted by the British Foreign jibqfice to deeignate an ojyicial United Statee observer to attend_?fin trwall--~-o~.~-¢.~ -.~»'»-Q.-#?11~- -- l .w=4~--=.-...- ' .._..D - . ,.. .,.,_. . -'.u>.a3g-1 .» -. _
At the preeent tine a member of my headquarters etaf,
Special Agent Lien Ihiteon, ie-in £ng1and and I feel it ie moatimportant that he ac a repreeentative of the Federal Bureau oflnveetigati§§ attend the proceedinge and view then.froa the -w.@United State} itelligence and eecvrity etandpoint,thereaJter @making avaiible to thie Bureau, ae well ae other interested $89.tellipenoe ' engiee, pertinent data which ie developed at the -*1
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Thejfoglowing ie aleo being eubmitted for your inaediate P;conaiaeratiin:_ or. hitaon at the preeent time doee not have a *5
diplomatic Qaepport and diplomatic immunity. It ie believed thatit would be highly desirable for the State Department to ieeue nr.
Ihitecn.q diplomatic passport which, in turn, would give him A-<2;:
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The foregoing will confirm conversations Bureau repreem.tati vee have had with Hr. Jack Meal of your Department. V ':,
- Sincerely ware
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_ SUBJECT: IQ , Del-Ifggg ., ;
» . EPIOIUGE-RH _._ .4* » - re 6!-wll +%l<»@i!te_;J9eL?z-:@u.=/'TZ;::2li'<.'?.s/7; - er t
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' The purpose 0.1! thie memorandum 1: to bring to your attenti.en'the "'1'?--'--'
pertinent developents in this investigation since the arrest at the subject ""? ~ _ __ _ _. yup :-, e e ,v_um UHKNGIHSUBJEGTQ 1'sb,'=-+11-- U./ " " "*"**"" "" -"""" "'--'-1-n
92our investigation at the preaent time 1: primarily concerned with
the Soviet espionage contact of limbs in the Ihited States. The ' '
this individual who was
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the description given by Egbert 923 Heinenen of a person that contacted Fuchs in Cambridge in February, 1945 is
set forth.
in 19450Nagne - Unknown, believes starts with} Rob, possibly Robbins or may beoberts or Robinson. " -
Age - About'30 in 1945!
Height - 5 '8"
Features - full face with fine features
Build - Stocky
Hair - Dark and thinning with impression of baldness
Dress - Conservative
Glasses - wore glasses '
Manner - Well-mannered -
Children - Believed mentioned children. 92 __
Kristel Heineman, Fuchs' sister, upon interview agreed with thedescription given by Robert except as to age which she said was in the 40's -
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- Dr. Fuchs me first intervieeed by the British authorities onDecember 21, 191.9. At that time he denied involvement in espionage activities.According to the British, he we again interviewed on December 31, l949, atIhich time he continued to deny that he res connected with espionage duringthe period he no in the United sgktag at any other time. 14
492!::92, .. 92
cu January 31, 1950, the British advised that hr. Fuchs after protractedreinterrogetion had confessed to continuous espdonag_e_1ron the end ct I941to February, 1949. It Iss etated that he had emu-to tint the technicalintonation Ihrnished by him to hie Soviet superiors included the full detail!concerning the Atomic Boob, which he had learned at Ins Alemoe, New llexioo.It was stated that Fuchs had signed e confession but had nu-niehed very littleinformtion concerning other pergeasnseociated with him in his espionage "cork. ,ff U
m February 1, l95O, the tish authorities advised that I-nchs hadstated that he I88 first recruited in 1941 at his om instigation. He made hisrequest through another member or the communist Party when he refused toidentity. He stated that his contact with the Soviets while in the UnitedStates had been carried out the medium oi one nun, when he didnot identiiye He said that he not know this individuals nationality.I.
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I1 February 2, 1950, Fuchs wee Iormally arrested and chargedwith violating the British 0iiic:Lal Secrets Bot. He was arraigned stDov Street Police Court, London, and charged as follows:
! That he, for e purpose believed prejudicial to the safety orinterest of the State, on a day in 1947, communicated to a person mcnolm,information related to atomic reeearch Ihich was calculated to be, or might VRetdirectlly or indirectly, useful to an enemy, contrary to the Official sea-@¢.=*~_. >3 0
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! That he, being a British subject, for a purpose prejudicial tothe safety or interest of the-State, on a day in February, 191.5, in the UnitedStates of America, communicated with a person unknown , information relatingto atomic research which was calculated to be, or might be directly or indirectly, useful to an enemy. 4 .
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Dr. Fuchs was bound over forpfurther arraignment to take place onFebruary 10, 1950, The British authorities advised that Dr. Fuchs would notbe available for interview by British authorities or anyone else, betweenthe time of arraignment and the conclusionof the trial, the date of whichhas not been se_t, but which will probably take place in the early part ofMarch, 1950. -" !-arm ed sup-'1~ b-1:9 :amun1 =|92=~lv- IR!
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¬7n February 10,1950, Fuchs was arraigned at the Bow Street PoliceCourt, London, and at that time a portion of his confession was read intothe record. This has not yet been obtained from the Official Record but
the portions appearing in the public press deal primarily with Fuchs
motivations in acting as an espionage agent for the Soviet Govenment. Acopy of the information appearing in the press in the Evening Star of .February 10, 1950, is being attached. It might be noted that during thearraigrment the defense counsel at one point asked the Government prosecutoras to whether or not Fuchs had been cooperative. The Government prosecutor pstated that Fuchs had been cooperative. This is believed to be some indicatibn. ,that Fuchs may enter a plea of guilty when he is actually brought to trial. !
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FEDERAL BUHEMI DF INVESTIMTIDH
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
____92_._._ Pageisl withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
Klleleted under exemptiontsl _ , ii _ _kZ:Z_i>____:: __ _ _ _ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
i:i Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
[:1 Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
E] Documents originated with another Government agencyes!. These documents were referred to that
agencyes! for review and direct response to you.
______ Pages contain information furnished by another Government agencyes!. You will be advised by the FBI as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agencyes!.
_______. Pagetsl withheld for the following reason s!:
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Background 1 ' - " ' . ,~=
3 J --- _Dprothe Ida Christel 1"uchs."I-Ieineman, commonly known as .-
Kristel Fuchs Heineman, the'sister__oi Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs, was born on_ '3. _'92 5July 22, 1913 possibly 1911+!, at Rusaelsheim, Germamr. According to 5
Immigration and Naturalization Seriiice records, she resided in Germany from -January, 1933, to September, 1933; in Switzerland, from September, 1933, to] F"
in Germany from July, 1931,, to July, 1936, and in England from July, 1936,to September, 1936. She first entered the United States as a student in -
September, 1936, at New York City, thereafter attending Swarthmore College'at
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, until her withdrawal during her fourth year .
course in 1937-38. On Hay 20, 1938, she re-entered the United States at
Miami, Florida, from Havana, Cuba, as a permanent resident, and on November 2,
1938, married Robert Block Heineman at Boston, liassachusetts. Ihey now have
three children, Stephen Foam, age 10; Marcia Elizabeth, age 8; and Kristel,age 6, all of whom were born in Cambridge, Liassachusetts. Although she claims to
have filed a petition for naturalization as a United States citizen at Boston, "
Massachusetts, in December of 191,1, the files of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service at Boston have failed to reflect that her claim has
any basis. ;,,,.,l__=_
Robert E. Heineman, whom Kristel Fuchs I-leineman married on November 2, '
1938, was born at Wausau, Wisconsin, on March 25, 1917. According to a
al source f kn li ' as
ouJuly, 1931s, "where she is believed to have attended the University of Zurich; ' H,
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highly confidenti o own re ability, he was registered a member .
of the Cambridge the Coxmmmiat Political Association in 1 Through
s rce
Heineman was employed as a the Antrim, New
High School. It is reported that he did not return to that position
at the beginning of the next school year, but within a short time thereafter,
went to Mexico, where he attended classes in Mexico City as a student. Robert
B. 3-leineman has admitted current active membership in the Communist Party and the
fact that Communist Party meetings haverecently been held at his home. ~-- -
At the present time, Robert B. Heineman operates a launderette uhder
the name of the Huron Self Service Store, 1&6 Huron Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
and is also enrolled in the Harvard University School of Education;
where he is studying for s degree as a Easter of Arts. His current
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address is given as 9h Lskevien Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Kristel ___ Heineman appeare~to.h§¢§ been estranged from her hsband for some time andis presently confined as a mental patient in the Westboro State Hospital,
Nestboro, Massachusetts. In this connection it is noted that confidential
records of the Westboro State Hospital reflect that when interviewed, Kristel_Heineman stated that her husband was a sexual pervert and that Konstantinllaiaaapos, a former fellow student of her husband at Harvard Universitj,' nashactually the father of her three children, a fact which Lafazanos is
reported to have acknowledged.! ,
Ies!-i<>_s_¥n a§=>1.'is1-__Ee.=>ie_naaea Oeeratisns * '
_ 7 :L_...._.._92'_ yin:-
_As to Kristel Fuchs Heineman's possible implication in Soviet espionage_
operations, it is noted that her name and address, as well as that of her _brother, Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs, was contained in the address book of lsrael
halperin, at the time of the latter's apprehension b th R l C ' y e oya anadian mounted
information obtained frat Police, in February of 1946.
conf
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Clearance having been obtained from the authorities of the bstboro5tate Hospital, Kristel Fuchs Heineman was interviewed on February 2, 1950,
at which time she appeared to be completely rational. She stated that she had
not seen a great deal of her brother, Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs, but recalled
seeing him in Germany in 1933 and again in 1935, after his expulsion from
Germany. She also recalled that he had visited her several times in l9L5 while
she was residing in Massachusetts. She said that she did not know anything
concerning his activities in Germany but recalled that following his expulsion,he had gone to France. She said that about l9h3 actually in l9LO!, Fuchs had
been sent from Great Bitain to Canada for internment as a German alien. There
he was contacted by Israel Hdlperin, who befriended him and furnished himgwith
cigarettes. According to Kristel Heineman, Wendell Furry, a member of theasame
Communist Party club in Cambridge, Hassachusetts as that to which her husband
Robert B. Heineman belonged, advised her husband that Halperin had informed him
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of Fuchs internment. Thereafter, she heard from.her brother Emil Fuchs!" from time to time during the course of his internment, the message in
_ each instance being forwarded from Halperin to Furry and by Furry given toRobert Haineman. Both Konstantin Lafazanos, paramour of Kristel Heineman, and
the latter's husband, Robert B. Heineman, substantiated her statements as toEmil Fuchs internment iniianada but were unable to definitely indicate the
period during which he was held. -
Also on February 2, 1950, Robert Block Heineman, the husband ofKristel Fuchs Heineman, was interviewed. He admitted that in the past he had- been active in the Communist Party and stated that he knew Emil Julius Klaus
Fuchs. Heineman said that he knew that Emil Fuchs had visited with KristelHeinemsn but stated that he had been away from home on frequent occasions and -did not know how often Fuchs had been there. He was not helpful in giving anyinformation as to individuals who had contacted or visited Emil Fuchs butoffered to go through his papers to obtain any information which they might dis-
close concerning Emil Fuchs. e
Robert Block Heineman was reinterviewed on February 3, 1950, at whichtime he admitted former membership in the Young Comunist League, but in spiteof evidence to the contrary, insisted that he had not been associated withthe Communist Party since l9nl. He provided no positive information concerning
Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs, claiming that he was absent from his own home on
almost every occasion that Fuchs had visited there. Heineman claimed that fromF. January to May of l9i7, he was conducting historic research in the vicinity of _4Pfe!-Eonterey, Hexico, concerning the Mexican War of l8h7. Note: There are a_gmbe:!9¢~,]
of_discrepaneies_conggrningithe~£aotsNsurrounding_BQh§rtiHeinsman's~visit-to qw-pdggicoi. Heineman was reluctant to identify his associates, was not fully -#8 i
cooperative, and definitely appeared to be lying. 1F""" @
a- Robert Block Heineman was again interviewed on the evening of '
February L, 1950, at which time he became evasive and untruthful and indicatedhis desire to consult an attorney. Thereupon he telephoned James F. Mahan,a former Bureau agent engaged in the practice of law, who counseled Heineman "that he should be as cooperative as possible. Heineman then responded more{ readily, admitting that he was currently an active member of the Communist, Party. He furnished_his Party nam and admitted that Communist Party meetings* were held in his home. However, he refused to furnish the names of other
Communists, stating that he did not want to talk about people's political
beliefs, but was willing to give any information that might be of benefit inconnection with espionage activities. Questioned specifically concerningcontacts of Emil Fuchs while the latter was visiting the Heineman residence, Khe furnished information concerning Theodore Ernst'Yelfort and an_individua1 by the name of Deutsch since identified as hartinbDeutsch1,,/He also stated,. that he knew that in the Sumner of 19L5,'Emil Fuchs'and'Kristel Heineman had =ii borrowed an automobile from Victor'ieisskopf, which they drove to Schenectady, 'F New York, for the purpose of visiting Dr. Hans dethe, a prominent atomic scientist. . 1 ~..;-./>_.
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§In this connection, Konstantinhlafazanos has stated that some timein 1247, Kristel Heinemsn an Emil Fuchs hade a one-day trip to Schenectady,
New York, to visit a scientist friend of Emil Fuchs who was either iith Cornell
University or General Electric. Lafazanos was of the opinion that thiserientist
was of German origin and had an anglicized name.!
On February 7, 1950, attorney James F. Mahan advised that he had
spent three hours with Robert Heinemen during the previous evening. He said
that Heineman was now willing to talk freely concerning his Party affiliations
and his knowledge concerning Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs and Kristel Heinemsn,providing Mahan himself was.present during the interview. On February 8, 1950,authority was granted to intervien'Heinemen under these conditions. -2 o..-
. Robert B. Heineman th'e iomstion concerning an unknown
individual who had visited the Heineman home on three different occasions in
19 Descriptive information concerning this individua may be identica1'with the unknown Soviet agent known by the cover name c ' set forthin another section of this memorandum. when again inte . odlgebruary 10,
1950, Kristel Fuchs Heineman agreed with information supplied by Robert B.
Heineman concerning this unidentified individual, providing further information
which might be of assistance in effecting his identification. She agreed
generally with the description of the unknown man which had been furnished by
Robert Heineman, stating, however, that she was of the opinion that he was inhis forties. She said that she believed he had made some reference to a wife '
and the fact that he had more than one child younger than her own second
child. Note: This would make the children of the unknown individual less thanfour years of age in 1945!. According to Kristel Heineman's recollection, '
the unknown individual had approached the Heinemsn residence by walking and it
was understood that he had come into the city by train. She also recalledthat when Emil Fuchs had heard that the man had been asking for him, he expressed
surprise over the fact that the unknown man had taken the trouble to come to the
house. It was Kristel Heineman's recollection that the unknown man had stayed -for lunch on two occasions but that on the morning when he contacted Emil Fuchs,he had stayed only a short time, perhaps about fifteen minutes. Kristel Heineman,
although appearing rational and cooperative during the interview, indicated thatshe had no idea concerning the unknown in¥ividual's name.or the place from which
he had come. 1 92
. , P92l'92-In-...n '1". ':L._ _
Kristel Heineman has also advised that one Theodore Ernst Veltfort,
Jr., a close associate of Pobert Heineman at Srarthmore College from 1936 to
1938, and a member of the Loyalist Erigade in Spain during 1937, had come toHarvard University with Robert Heinenan and had resided in Cambridge,Msssachusetts7/ She stated that Veltfort had attended Communist Party meetings
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~-E moved to Palo Alto, California. She said further that Veltfort was related
- -1011-he Deutsch Martin Deutsch! who wHasry_i_s_ij,_ed by Fuchs in Cambridge,1. Massachusetts. _ -
By letter dated February 9, 1950, the San Francisco Office was
authorized and instructed to interview Veltfort immediately in order to develop,
if possible, all information in Veltfort's possession concerning Communist and/or
espionage activities on the part of Robert and Kristel Heineman, and particularly
any information he might have concerning Fuchs. In this interview, a special
effort will be made to ascertain the ntity of the I-Ieinemans' associates
___4 during 1941,-46, s ossible means o ssisting in the identification of the"'*-- unknown subject '1" ____ e r 5 rm; ..-..-'§' Q
Investigation to determine all details concerning the background
and connections oi Robert and Kristel Heineman is being followed closely.
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On, February 6, 1950, information was received from the Atomic Energy
Conzmission to the effect that a record had been located indicating that on
November 18, 1947, Fuchs had been authorized to visit the General Electric
Company, Schenectady, New York, b;»-Captain W. A. Brook, U. S. Naval Inspector
of Machines, at the General Electric Plant in Schenectady. At this time Fuchs
was shown a machine described as '*'7Ol-EID Synchro_ton." According to the Atomic
Energy Commission this record reflected that Fuchs inquired as to how this
machine worked and that the object oi Fuchs visit was to see this machine.
At the time of this visit, according to the Atomic Energy Conmzission, the_
General Electric Company in Schenectady was not doing work for the ABC although
it apparently was engaged in work for the Navy. ' J,
Investigation has developed that the records of the Inspector of i
U. S. Naval Material at General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York, reflect
that on November 1'7, 1947, Fuchs, as a member of the British Atomic Energy
Research Establishment, visited Dr. Herbert C._'sPcllock, Research Laboratory,
General Electric Company, for the purpose oi discussing cyclotrons, synohrgtrons,
and betatrons. Pollock is described as a Research Associate in the Physics
Division of General Electric assigned to the Synchrotron Project, '
These same records also reflect that on June 25, 1946, Fuchs,
as a member oi the Lanhattan District Project, paid a personal visit to
Hans A. "Bethe, Professor of Physics of Cornell University and Acting_
Consultant for the General Electric Atomic Energy Project. This conference
took place in the office of Dr. Kenneth H. Kingdon, General Manager of
Schenectady Operation oi the Nucleonics Department, General Electric Company.
Investigation to develop the identities oi persons contacted at General
Electric by Fuchs, his activities at the plant, and the nature of inzformation
made available to Fuchs is continuing. _
Concerning the above-mentioned visit to Hans A. Bethe on June 25, 1946,
it will be recalled that Fuchs departed for the United Kingdom on
1946.
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On February 4, 1950, Dr. Samuelvlloudsmit, physicist, B1-ooldzaven - "*
National laboratory, Long Island, New York, advised that at a physics -' .meeting in Newark Dr. Karl Paley Cohen_had advised him of a. rather curious /' _ ,,episode between Cohen and Fuchs in 191.7. according to Goudsm::.t's understanding _ ix 7.of the incident Cohen had received a phone call from Fuchs, who was then in ,4
the United States for a declassification conference. Cohen invited Fuchs -to his home but Fuchs declined and a luncheon date was made. During this - -*luncheon no business was discussed and this, according to Coudsmit, surprised . .,
Cohen. Subsequent to the luncheon Fuchs called Cohen explaining that he hadborrowed a hat from a friend with whom he was staying and he asked Cohen to - -
obtain the hat at the restaurant and return it to the person from whom he had _
borrowed it on West lllth Street.
Dr. Cohen was interviewed on February 9, 1950, at which time heexplainedothat he was Fuchs counterpart in the United States Atomic Energy
Program, that is, head of the Theoretical Physics Division. as such he had
been placed in frequent contact with Fuchs at the SAM Laboratories, Columbia
University, up until the time that Cohen had left the laboratory in May, 19/.4.He said that of all the American scientists on the Atomic Energy Project
he probably knew Fuchs better and had more contact with him than any of the
others. He stated that his contact, however, was limited to business and
not to social contacts except for a farewell party which was given for Cohen
in May, l94... Cohen did not know where Fuchs had resided in New York but
he was aware that Fuchs had gone to Los Alamos after leaving New York. He
said that in January of 1946, while he was employed by the Standard Oil
Development Company, he went to Les Alamos to obtain the services of a physicist
from the pool oi Lbs Alamos physicists which was then breaking up. He
recalled that at that time he had seen Fuchs and that Fuchs had loaned Cohen
his car to make a 500-mile trip into New I-.I8JClCO and Colorado. Fuchs then
told him that he would be leaving for England in a short time. Cohen, however,
did not know the actual date when Fuchs left the United States.
Cohen continued, saying that he had no contact with Fuchs after
this until sometime in 19/.7 when a declassification conference was held in
Chicago. Cohen "was told by Dr. Willard Libby of the Atomic Energy Commission
that he should discuss with Fuchs the declassification of a certain document
and make his recommendations for the conference. Cohen received a phone call
from a woman who explained that she was a. friend of Fuchs, that Fuchs was staying
either at the Henry Hudson Hotel or Perk Central Hotel, and that Fuchs wanted
to see Cohen. Thereafter Cohen called Fuchs and invited him to his home, 92__
which invitation Fuchs declined. He and Fuchs, however, had dinner at a -
restaurant of Cohen's choosing, during which time they discussed the de-
classification oi the document, Cohen recommending that it be declassified -.
and Fuchs opposing. Cohen stated that sometime after leaving the restaurant
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or the next day Fuchs realized he had left a hat in the restaurant which hat
belonged to the person with when he had been staying. He asked Cohen to
pick it up and return it since he, Fuchs, was leaving town. Cohen said
that he told Fuchs that he regarded this request out of line but agreed to
call the people and tell them where they could obtain the hat. _!-Ie did this
but the woman declined to retrieve the hat and consequently, a few days later
Cohen obtained it and returned it. It was Cohen's recollection that Fuchs
contact was a Dr. Cooper or Dr. Skinner, attached to the British Delegation
that was in the United States for the Declassification Conference and who
was staying with his 1-.:i.fe and her father on West lllth Street. He said that
when he returned the hat he met the scientist Is wife and her father. He
described the wife as being typically English but stated that her father was
of European extraction and spoke with an accent. He said that on the bell
to the apartment house there was the name Cooper or Skinner as well as the
name oi the father-in-law. He commented that he would have forgotten this
incident had it not been for the recent publicity on Fuchs.
Dr. Cohen accompanied Agents of the New York Office to West lllth
Street where he believes he located the apartment at 536 West lllth Street,
where the names on the bell are Skinner, Hoffman and Hirsch.
Cohen stated that he had been astounded by the arrest of Fuchs,
when he regarded as a brilliant scientist but a person who said very little
on any topic and never expressed himself on politics. He said that the
group oi scientists at Lcs Alamos, which included Bethe Hans A.!, liarshak
Robert!, and others, probably knew Fuchs better than he since they were
living and working together with him. Cohen stated that he had maintained
a diary on official-conferences held with Fuchs and others in 1943 and 1944.
Cohen appeared cooperative and willing to inr-nish information although he
did not volunteer anything nor appear curious as to the facts in the case.
Ylhen he was asked nhether he had corresponded with Fuchs after Fhchs left the
country in 1946 he stated that the Agents should not have the idea that
Fuchs would have wanted to recruit him since Fuchs knew more about the
atomic energy development than he , Cohen, did at any time.
Dr. Cohen made available his diary reflecting official conferences
in which Fuchs had participated. All oi the information in the diary
reflecting meetings attended by Fuchs has been obtained. Cohen pointed
out that the diary, however, was not complete and that he had not kept it
after May of 1944. He also stated that his wife had reminded him that Fuchs
had visited at their home socially in the summer of 1943 and that Cohen had
"dominated the discussion." Cohen does not recall the subject matter oi
discussion at that time but believed that it must have been gaseous
diffusion. It will be noted that Fuchs was not in the United States during;
the suzmner oi 1943 and that in all probability this incident occurred in the
summer of 1944. _
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is owned by s Hrs. S1-cirmer, -who is presently living in Connecticut Shehas rented out this apartment to various roomers for the past six rears.
Inhview oi the foregoing it would appear that Mrs. Slclnner is theWife of Dr. W. H. B. Skinner of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment
in the United Kingdom who was one of the British members attending the
Declassification Goraference held in November, 1947.
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_f INFORMATION AVAILLBIE CONCERNING ABRAHAM BROTIIIJAN
' when Elizabeth T. Bentley was interviewed in the Fall of 1945, shereported that in about May, 191.0, Jacob Golos, her Soviet espionage superior,bad introduced her to Abraham Brothman who, at that time, was employed as anengineer by the Republic Steel Company in Newfork. Brozman in aubseqxentmeetings had furnished her blueprints which on occasions had to be photostated.In the Fall of 1940, Golos told Bentley that he was discouraged with his dealingswith Brothman and told her he was going to turn Brothman over to someone else.
on the basis of the foregoing, an active investigation oi Brothmanwas instituted. He was bom A1-1;_;,'ll3'b 15, 1913, at New York City, is married,and resides at 1.108 - 42nd Street, Sunnyside, Long Island. He wasformerlgyemployed by the Hendrick manufacturing Company, 39 Church Street, Newfrork City,and left this organization in July, 191.2, to become Vice President of the GhenmrgyDesign corporation, A20 Lexington Avenue, New York City. About August 1, 1944,Brothman resigned from this organization and organised the firm of AbrahamBrothman and Associates, Room 1606, 114 East 32nd Street, New York_Gity. Inconnection with this firm, he did work for the Bridgeport Brass Company and theGraver Tank Hanufactuling Company.
Brothnan was interviewed in 191.7 and identified a photograph ofGolos, but claimed not to remember his name. He stated that Golos bad come tohim in 1938 or 1939, advising that he had contacts th the Russian Governmentfor Brothman if Brothman would turn over to him blueprints of certain productsthat Brothman was working on at the time. Thereafter, Brothman said that Golos .visited his office on several occasions and later introduced him to a woman whoused the name of Helen. Brothman identified this woman as Elisabeth '1. Bentley.Brothman stated that subsequently he was contacted by an individual by the nameoi Harry Gold who said that he represented Golos. He said that both Bentley andGold picked up blueprints for Golos which were sometimes returned to him andsometimes not. He said that Gold made his last pickup of blueprints in late1941 or early 1942. It developed during the interview that Gold was then
employed by Brothman as a chemist.
, An interview was conducted with Harry Gold on May 29, 191.7, in whichhe stated that he had been employed by the Pennsylvania Sugar Company in 'Philadelphia and had met one Garter Hoodlesi, whose father was an official of Kwthe comparnr. He said that 1-loodles?-introduced him to a man by the name of"Go1ish," whom he subsequently identified through a photograph as Jacob Go,-los,and after meeting Golos, agreed to contact Brothman and obtain from him blue-prints for Golos. Gold claims that he did meet Brothman and contacted him on
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~ . - TOP .E:f'f.'?FIthe average or once every three weeks for eixqnonths in e period afterIovenber, 191.0. He claimed, however, that mile Geloe uould contact me tele-phonically, -he never net with Goloe subsequently to that time and never receivedany Qmey from Goloe. He turther claimed that the blueprinte he received it-onBrotlnan Iere useless end he did not deliver then to Goloe. Re eeid, however,tint he became friendly with Brcthnsn and subsequently obtained e. Job ee sehemet working tor B1-othnan. In view oi the cloee connection between Gold andB1-othna deration ie being glven to Gold ee e suspect tor the unknown' °°"% vs bl ' -= '-;.'|@.£"&?--' - song or Ecng ' S
Bearing in mind the mete available fr the lo-I _interviews oi in he stel Heineman, and Robert Heinemen reg ng theunknown subJe following investigation is being conducted:,2 T .E _ <rcnQ A! Ie are actively inveirtigettng Abraham Bothman and his eaeociateeto loca e eon who will coincide with the kndln facts concerning unlmosneubJe= |~he New York Office has advised that they are submitting a lotto
Upon receipt oi thiscontai observations and recommendations for an interview Iith Brothnan.letter consideration will be given to instructing the New York Office to interview
! Ie
article
received :2:-om the mergy Commission.our investigation in this regard is of necessity very broad in nature.Ie are inquiries in New York City er the Ielln Oorporltion Ihich omsome or the production work at mk Ridge. It ie to be noted also that the Kalle:corporation oicinls were working closely with the British scientist group,which included niche, in the Spring oi 191.4. In are also making inquiriee throughthe Atomic mergy Gomieeion in Ieebington, and we ere having examined e largenumber or documents at Cek Ridge. -,
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! onaidem-ed e number oi pereone es suspects tor theunknown ewJect are continuing our inveetigetion in this line, with ab Ino apparent suc date. We have more or leee eliminated ee euepecte a numb'er'ei persons, including Bert-in Deuteeh, Karl P. Cohen, Arthur P. Ieber, becausethey would have known that Fuchs was in Ina Alnnos ee of August, 1944, and -theretore, would not have had to contact Fuchs sister in this regard. '
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! Ia are considering suspects whose last names start with the
1:-eiix Rob, bearing in mind the fact that Robert Heinemen suggests the names
Bobbins, or Roberts, or Robinson. Brion: files are being examined regarding
persons having these lest names. _
! In view ct the fact that Fuchs claims that he Isa contacted
during June oi 1945 at Santa I-e, we have secured the hotel registrations not
in existence from various hotels and courts in Santa Fe. The nmae appearing
on this list have been examined and will be used in connection with any
suspects developed.
! "Is are conducting investigation in Heir Iork and at the Bureau or
lines in Uaahington to determine the identity of persona who set up laboratories -
subsequent to November ct 19M bearing in mind the intcrmticn from Bureau
source 5!.
'7! Ia are contemplating interviewing various nuclear scientists whoknew Fuchs in the United States, such as Karl P. Cohen already interviewed!,
Hans A. Bethe, Robert llarshak, Richard layman, Victor Ieisskopt, Tony H. R.Skyrns and others. u, ipwa
1 r a ntenplating intertdeuing Israel Helps:-in! B I31-in; in mind that Helperin was implica in the'-T- Y--- --i -- -w-=ge cas, d in addition, is known to have been in contact withmobs Ihile Fuchs use interned in Osnads. It is possible that Halperin may be the
Communist Phrty member who, according to Fuchs statement, recruited him in his *
es one e work. .
9! Ia are also contemplating interviewing Iendell Iarry in Boston. Heis Blperinis brother-in-law and has been in contact with both Kristal and Robert
Heineman. Furry brought word to the Heinamans or Eelperiws contact with Fuchs.
J!: this investigation the approach is being taken that Ie will interviewanyone whom vs believe can tarnish us infomstion assisting us in developingFuchs espionage and other activities in the United States regardless or that
persons political atliations, such as membership in the Communist Party. Everyetfort is being made to determine at the earliest possible time Fuchs espionagecontacts in the United States. . ~.__, _
sacCIQEENIJLTION: .
The foregoing is submitted in order to summarize for you the developments in this case since the arrest or Fuchs in England. M
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j Scientist _A'dmutted_SeeI_u_|1_g Contact _. I
_; ._ J--92l92_!ith' R_us_sion;,_l?rosecuto_r Declares
1-_. Jjayqi-A-|s=v'q»ar1_q.": --
.' .L'O!_V'DON. Feb. 10.-foowino
lid partial tent-fol MI. phased
'e0nfeu¢6n- b#.D'r. Klqus Fuchs
'_ read by the prosecutor today at
',_hi_a hearino oat two ciusroes 0!
violating Bntai_'n'$ Olileiai Se-
'e_rets A01: '-; - '- 1 '.
_ The .lIr_0secutor said he would
skip the rst paies and begin
.witn the time in 1042 when the
;Ger1nan-born scientist was re-
~_!ea_sod from wartime internment
5 to do atomic research at Birmin3-
ham University. - " '
Y . I accepted it wlthout_knowina
'7 at rst whatwork _I was to do,
Ibut do not thinirit would have
made any diiiiei-enee_ to Ins subse-
quent actions. . : . - *
, When I learned aboutjthe mir-
pose oi the work, I decided to in-
_iorm Russia and I established
contact through another menaber
of the Communist Party. - 1
I-_ "Since that time _1_have had
eontinuous contact with mereons
eompletelyaunknown to me exceptl
|that they would a1ve_i.n1'ormation.to the Russians; '- » - -i
" "At this tin1e_~I had complete
condence 1n_Russinh policy and_r mu no hesitation m giving aile hiiormation I nan. 1
' I believed deliberately the
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_ ,-AP Wirephoto.
unnmnaeeH@ns=
rm " '- .Y own work. . _.--
* The aliesed statement said asihiskwork gent on he began toma e rrlen s and had toeonceal
his thoughts 1'1-om theiu. "-.é . _
i "I usedimy Marxian philosophy
to -"conceal my thoughts, which
thud to be separated into two oom- _
ipartments. One side was the manf
I wanted to oefreould oe"ire'eiiuni e ha "
_ _ F-"5. PP? _.'E-n_°l1Efrdeeenéie. ;;§Q§IEE;ng1§H~P§' I-vRllUll"H*<ChlQI£h'I1192llthedeath ' .-"="--
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_. --~ .4» . 'eause_Ihadsucneededintheotheri
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»"f92 -_. all
ihatihadbeeome
eomnartment in establishinl mie-
aelf completely independent or the
qurrbundinz forces of society. -_2-ocking back new the beet war-Iii to tau it controlled Schlm-i
WED . , _. 1'2.-I- In the Dost war period I had
doubt; about Russian _ policy}
dventuauy I came to the point;
when I tnew I disapproved of.
eld! of the actions of Russian
policy. I still believed that Russia
qould build a new world and that
I would take Dart in it.
-1f_"Durin¢ this time I was not
sure I could rive all the informa-
an 1,1-led. _.._ Fuehs had_by then
loiiied the"sta at the _British§
ove ant: atornielabora in§m. wr:1¬, T. <-££¥:1'..92:°q i
._ "However, it became more and.
more evident that Russiawouldi
apread her inuence over Europe.
I had .to decide whether I couldi
continue to hand over iniormatioco;
without beinl sure I was doinli
-right. "I decided I could not do so.
Faced Feet: About Bell. ' J
.. "I did not home to one iren-5
dezvous beeauée I was ill atthe
time and I decided not to no tothe Iollowina one." " " e
The purported statement said
!_!'ucl1a learned soon after this:
that his lather misht take a uni-'
varsity post in the Eastern none
oi Germany although he an-
-approved of many thinas" there.
2-"But 1 oould not brine mswli
to stop my father from Eoln.
there. But this made me lace
at least some oi the rants about
Iliyelf. '
I did not have the oouraze to
ght it out tor myself and there- i
tore took It out of my hands Ab?
informing the authorities thet
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_ ~ Fgbrugry 26, 1950, page 1, which would appea to complete the .
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ixinin Bay State Mental Hospital
trial on Tuesday in London:
Old Bailey Court the British
ifs, H iudge will hav bet
r t h e Russians
b u t a m a n
_. ¢<* a whose family
s be k r nd c g ou
~j includes three
suicides andcm insane person. , - '
M the time of Dr. 1fuchs
confession of transfer oi atomic
secrets to Russian agents it
was published that one oi his sisters had committed suicide
utter an unsuccessful attempt to
_,,._-I
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-By nomu. M. strnhlverii .- '
When the case of the Kin! Now the_Globe has informa-
mother who committed I111 dci e,
that his mother committed sui
cide, and that ii sibling is s
The siblig has the disease
that Klaus Fuchs said he uni
tated_1n his double duty per
so-nality--the personality which' permitted him to love his Brit-
ish scientic workers at the
same time that he loved Com
munism so much he gave" the
rulers of the Red Army secrets
which. inight permit them toblow Britain, and Boston, onthe map. I -_ _versus.Klaus Fuchs !Ol'.I'lE3.. ton __'lion that Fuchs had s gi-and- 2
l ', - ' ' _, ' ' ' -
' e are patient in a_ psychiatric ward of. --é_=.i. _ Fm nqt on , 8 s hospital In Massachusetts. I rilliiiiht sci- _ A sibling is n brother or u, emgsg who 5; , sister._The Globe is using this confess e d iufm an orderttcih conceal the . - e i enti . °" ° "-°' ~w===i1»==.> ' ° ° "°"°* . - i. 3.2:. . .
i I
l,ee the Hitler regime. _ -"u-..,,_§ee Br! .__ ' J. 33 E
- .=_. ...»..-.._-. .:...-_-_-_t_,_:_ .
, P» if -'_._"Ff -':.'ITTED
i"'i'.'r1.e-- :- ~ . £15, I. - I . Q /I
lenteneed also-Communist _ " I
Fuchs cell-be-hdiiced hi hl.insel.t,§
ll In slcl in his Dr. Jekyll-Mr. Hyde;
problem at simultaneous roles at
lusslui agent and loyal British
scientist, s controlled schlzof 2-;
nla. In l1ls:re1a_tlves case, after
slniost s year at hospitalization. the
llsniosis ls: schizophrenia. ' -
i To these unlit??? clrcurnstsnces_
lass be ldded the hot that Klsur
Fuchs; himself, escaped tron: theNazis in 1933 end was subsequentlysentenced -to death tor &ro-Commu-nlst student activities Germany.
And his Quaker tether, e religious
pacist, spent nine months in one
or Hitler: concentration camps st
s time when it was not tashionnble
in Germany to be s pacist.
As we sit under the possible tu-
ture threat of an atomic or hydro-gen bomb which Fuchs may have
elped the Russians develop. s num-
ber or questions are raised:
1. Will Fuchs, as has been Indi-
ceted in London, plead he is actually
isuisne ls a result ct his "controlled
schizophrenia" getting out ct con-=trol; end, it he does, what will the]British barristers do with the issue?-2. What would the Russian par-J
ehistrlsts, ss 0pp08ed"t0 Amerwen,
be likely to say 1!-Fuchs were sltusslnn einp1oyee_who had givensecrets -to the British or 0_us? _ ~_.3. What, if anything, can we _doabout the tact we are_ militarilyzizipendent on the brains oi greatentists who-in the manner 0!
many human beings who have had
an element oi mental instsblillty
in their makeup-may tall tor the
islse medicine or Communism or tor
s pacisni which could be must con-
venient lo the Russians? -
_ Does the Federal Bureau ct In-N
vestlgatlon--which got on the trail
of Fuchs while the world-tamed
British Intelligence Olhce appar-ently mued s case right under its
nose--l1;vc ta; station tat li§Ychia- ts-tsten ' ca en every.., i . 92
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TONY EILTON ROYL§j§iXhhE interviewed st Institutefgy Advanced
Studies, Princeton, New Jersey. SKYRME's background and '
association with FUSES set forth. BKYRME states FUCHS never
created any suspicions and he never saw him make any contacts
with other individuals. Itinerary of SKYRME and FUCHS alsoset forth. - "!_P_
Bureau file 65-58805. ' ,
Boston teletype to Nev.ark 2/1e/so.
Newark teletype to bureau, New York, and Albuqueroue, 2/21/50.
. TONY EILTON h£YLh bKYREE was interviewed by Sn JOHN R. LYONS
d the writer at his office located in the Institute for
he was born in Lee, a suburb of London, England on December 5,
1922. After graduating from Cambridge in 1943 where he majored
in mathematics, he was requested in view of his background -
to take part in the atomic projeot. As e result, he stated
he went to the University of Birmingham in England in July 1943
where he worked o 7the atomic proj ct with Dr. FUCH§92$§iiK§vanoed Studies, Princeton, New Jersey. SKYRM advised that
I., IProfessor RUDCLPH¥EIERLS, Dr. Bqggxvison, and Dr,-!s'n:cH.Dr. PhIERLS was in charge of this group. SKYRHE stated that
his assooiation with FUCHS was entirely in connection with _ »' their work at this time and he had no social contact with himI5 COPIES DESTROYED-whatsoever. . ' KI R ~55 Plv 161960 ' I
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srormrs stated that he remained at the University oi Birmingham until
February 1944 at which time he came to the United States. He stated that
FUCHS and PEIEES had left for this country prior to February 1944. Upon
his arrival in this country, SKYRME recalls that he was located in an office
in downtown Manhattan and believes that it was 3? Wall Street. Again SKYRME
states that his contacts with FUCHS were practically entirely in connection
with their work. SKYRME advised that ho believes it was in May 1944 that
FUCHS, PEIEBLS, and he flew from New York to he University of Montreal,Canada where they contacted Professor GEOhGEX§LAGZEK. This trip he stated
was just a desire on their part to talk over matters in connection with the
project and to see how things were progressing along this line in Montreal.SKYRME states that they also may possibly have talked to Dr. CAhSON!MACK.
The trip was just for one night and they returned to New York the following
day. SKYRME stated that during his stay at Eqw York, he resided in the
West Seventies by himself. - _
SKYRME said he want to Los Alamos, New Mexico in about August 1944
and remained there-until.Lugust 1946. Ho said that he can not recall exactly
when FUCHS and PEIERL5 left for Les Alamos but that it was around the same
time. SKYBEE stated that all during the time that he was located at Los Alamos,
he was never in any way especially sociable with Dr. FUCHS. He advised thm:
he did accompany Dr. FUCHS to Santa Fe several times where they had dinner
at one of the local hotels and might have gone to s night club with him.
However, here again SKYRME pointed out that there was very little time for
any social activity and most of his contact with FUCHS was during their
working hours.SKYRME >1ée=.:<-1 that he did recall that ber 1945, stress,together with Mrs. ELLEB, wife of Proessor some ETLER of Chicagq,and
Mr. and E§4_j§§;§§%EElEhLS,went to Mexico City in FUCHS' car which hebelieved was a 1959 Buick. SKYRME said that he believed that they were away
for about two weeks._ SKYRME also said that he, himself, went to Gucymes,Mexico with Dr. EGO*BhETSCHER in.December 1945 on purely a vaoationizrio.
SKYRME pointed out hat both of these trips_wer: after the atom bomb had been
dropped on Hiroshima. He also stated that it would not have been possible
for anyone at the Los Alamos Project to have left this country prior to the
dropping of the bomb because of security restrictions. SKYRME said that one
of the individuals whom FUCS appeared to be particularly friendly with atLos Alamos was one, EVELYHELINE, who taught grade school at Los Alamos.SKYRM said that during the weekends, EVELYN KLINE resided with her aunt 92
or her mother at Apartment 1, 634 East Garcia, Santa Fe, New Mexico. "--SKYRME states'that he believes FUCHS took her to several dances and possiblyXee a night club. He also r=call-ed that races was friendly with one, Mis§"_JIANPARKER, who also taught grade school at Los Alamos. He was now aware, hosever,
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-of the extent of this friendship. SKYRME advised that rUCES in his capacity
at Lcs Almmcs had contact with practically all of the scientists working at -
Los Alamos. He else steted that he, FUCHS, was friendly with J- RQBERT, '
Pr-ssrsnass sndothers who were among the top leaders 'iz1_the project.
' Es erplcined that FUCHS knew the workings of'the atom bomb to suchan extent that .t uculd have been possible for him to have sided considerably
anyone on the outside who desired such information. _In aidition, SKYRME
also stated thst'there was some discussion relative to the H-Bomb but that
any discussion was nominal. SKYRhE stated thet FUCHS at no time ever crested
any suspicions and that he never observed him to meet with erwone outside
of the scientific group at the project. 5KYhuE.rccul1ed that on December 5, l945both he and FUCHS were present at-the British Embassy in Washington, D.G,
whcre_oonsiderution was being given to their iuturo employment duo to the _consummation of work at Los Alsmos. 'Thie was for just one day and they
both returned to Los Alcmcs by train the following coy. As a result of this
conference, SKYBME accepted u position st Birmingham University, Englnd
and FUCHS wont to work for_th: British Government st Harwell. -
ASKYBME st ted that he returned to England in February 1946 andbecame u research follow at Birminghem University. Ho wos than no longerin British Government employ. Ho ssid tht to thc.best of his knowledge
FUCHS returned to England ibout the sam~ tim: end took up rmploymtnt at
Harwell. Ho said that from time to time he would soc FUCHS over some mutual
physio problem. SKYrmE advised tht since r<turning to bngl .d, he wentup to Harwell on Onn occasion in order to obtain radio active material '
for his, SKYhMEs wiiu to work with. it stated toot on this occasion he hud
an opportunity to visit roots. SKYBME soid that in April 1947, Professor end'Mrs. PBIERLS, their two children, rfCS,_cnd he wont to Seasfos, Switzerland fon s skiing holiday for about two weeks end thst they rented u Swiss cha1ct.,SKYhhE sdvised that the trip to Switscrlsnd was strictly c vacation jaunt I
and that there ware no unusual Gontucts mode by rtcss.'.
>
SKYRRE related that he left for the United States in Octcber 1948.and become e research associate at Mussechusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, E$S;0hUSEttB under Professor VIUTCL Fj¥¢nISSKOPF. SKYRhE pointedout that this was the first visit he had ever had to Boston, Mcssschusetts.
He slso advised thst he knew that FUCHS had e sister living in Boston but that
he, SKYhhE, did not visit her. It wee his opinion that FUCHS hsd visited
his sister sometime in February 1946 which would have been just prior to Ihis return to Englwnd. SKYBm; advised that in October 1949, he come to _Princeton, New Jersey and hos boon attached to the Institute for Advanced 4_Studies cs s research fellow sinoc then. »He QXpC092S to return to England 1_
in July 1950. SKYHME stated that since his birth in England, he had not
left the country until after his graduation from Ccmbridgi when ho came to
the United States to work on the atom bomb project. His subsecucnt vocation92
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to Ssasfes, Swit;sr1snd was the first time that he had ever.tisitsd~tho-
continents Ho stated furthor that his only other trip from England hasi
_bsen the curront_one to the United States. SKYRME pointed out that
bUCHS was véry definitely anti-Nazi and from several of the coivorsations
, that he had with him, decided that he was also c liberal and a B0oa1led
left winger. He soid that FUCHS nsvor indicated that he was pro-Russian u
at any time or on advocate of Communism. SKIRME further stated that he
desirsd to point out that s good deal of the time thot_he was in the -, o
company of FUCHS was during o period when Russia wss on ally of this country "
and that any favorable comments concerning Russia nn-her tictics wou1d--
not have &ppG&rO§ out of lino; SKYRM ststod that until this oas¢ involving,
Dr. FUCHS became public, ho had no iies that FUCHS ha.eVor passed or oven
intruded passing any confidential information concerning tho atom bomb to
any unauthorized psrsons.' In addition, &hYE;E ldVlS? that he had novsr .
been approached by FUCHS, himsilf, to contact any individual in behalf of ~
FUCHS or to,oonduct any personal moasonger work for ETGHS. -SKYhME stated
that noithsr rocs nor anyone 4183 had over opgrouched-him and requested him
to pass information tr unauthorized personn¢1.l SKYRME also advised that
he hnd ncvor of his OW1 volition gassed soy information to any unauthorized
personnel. Ha ndvin~1{n@f k9'was nsver_a memos: of the Qcmmunist Party.
As o muttsr of intartst, SKYhE advised that ho recently mot onindividual n&m0§*HALsIEG-mho was E former vmplqycc at Los_Alamo5 uhnr? hewas in tho thworiticul division in ohsrgs;of calculator maohinos, ~Accoriingto SKYR£E, FUCHS sold his Buick to En »ING pricr to FUCEB return to-England
in 1946.. SKYhME st'tcd that HAhsI§G is now o tel phone company employee,
and rosides at 6-SA, Ford Village, iorristown, New Jorsoyi Q: or
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PAREUTS. ananuarzs HARVARD nxnzrzzn TWENTY FOUR, PH.D.
THENTY szx. AT COLUEBIA AS FACULTY MEMBER SINCE NIHETEEN
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15%;:-_ _ sunJnc'r? QomgOit Memorandum - UNITE mres GOVERNMENT
I0? 1-T0 = Director. FBI " " oA'ra= February 24, 1950
°M = SAC , Indi enepolis l
QPIQNAGE - R
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Re New York teletype of February 32, 1950. W
L further review of the Indianapolis files reveals that in the
Gregory cese, Bureau ii is #65-56402! Indianapolis received a teletypefrom Cticego December 12, 1945 advising that Q1; and Mrs. A§QROIHM.AIi had
been registered at the Stevens Hotel and had made s telepho e c to East -
Cricago 204. , ,
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Indianapolis advised New York by teletype December 13, 1945
that this telephone number was assigned to the GRAVES. Tank end Manufacturing
Corporation, Inc., 4809 Todd Ave., 3. Chicago, Inii one, and that no effort
was being mode to ascertain the identity of the person who called.
The New Io k teletypc-:g~Ti" Fegriiiry 22, 1950 makes reference to e personwrose first name i?Xg0SEPE and last name possibly b s #03. It is notclear whether this person is belz.e1:_ed_identicel w1t vl'itsh aliases.
However, it is pointed. out that in the some GREGORY case, this ¢
office received e letter from the Washington Field Office, May 6, 1946, furn-
ishing evei leble background information on the residence at 1109 E. Fourth
St. , Mieheveke, Indians It was determined that the owner of this residencewas one, ROBERT J ACQUEQQDBINSOR, Army serial number 35536659, born at
Ed».-erdsburg, Michigan eptember 2'7, 1922. He was, at ti-at time, s production
schedule clerk in the Ball Bend Plant of the U. S. Rubber Compa , Mishewaka.The wssm ton Field Office has advised that v1cF:=o£1.o bed been
corresponding wit? someone at the Mist-awake, Indiana address.
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m=°F§ MARE 195U .65-306cc: New York _-,;=,|_,,;.,_.oc, by , z wg / p
Exempt from S C--[0Dw - '." Or? cub " '°!¥l*1:1c.*;sns ' '2 QC? :11?
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FEOEIML BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET
'Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the le. One or more of the following statements, where
indicated, explain this deletion.
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Deleted under BKBmpti0n SI O O _ ___________ _ _ with no segregable
material available for release to you.
Infonnation pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.
Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.
Documents originated with another Government agencyes!. These documents were referred to that
agencyes! for review and direct response to you.
Pages contain information furnished by another Government agency ies!. You will be advised by the FB1 as
to the releasability of this information following our consultation with the other agencyes!.
Pagetsl withheld for the following reason s!:
For your information: __
I3/'1he following number is to be used for reference regarding these pages:
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
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N0 oupucnnon FEE X
FOR THIS PAGE X
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FBIJOO-I
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TO = Director, FBI DATE: February 2'7, 1950
i miou : SAG, Hot York
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sumac: 1000583P
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ESP! ONAGE-R"92.
Oi Memawmdum - UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
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For the attention of the Detroit and Knoxville Offices there in
enclosed herevlth one photoutatio copy of a teletype dated. 2/25/50. ,
Detroit and Knoxville 'a.re requested to comply with the request in
' o telotypo.
cc - Detroit Enc-1! Regioiered. Hail
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ozccos or DOUBLE cone CABLE uuuesa 592 rnou sfg nude? _DATED FEBRUARY 27, 1950 AT LONDON, ENGLAND. REC 1 '- VIA ' THE STATE DEPARTMENT. _ O 1 "9292 W 5'0 .In-. 1'oIao|........
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FOOCASE¢ REFERENCE TELEPHONE CONVERSATION WITH JOHN MOHR 4' ' :-'FEBRUARY 2 . OAT ' U H R RY _AS__.AIIJl£H£_.E.2£EQ ";Ij<~I§QN| ..EE.B.__lJ__,. W ' -- . FORE N Q Pl E I J H A mg; ,m,l§.l E c " or £1£o BY_£MBASSX.IO.ESTABLISHNDIRLOHATICE§;v|L§cEs SAME DATE. nevurv unoaa SECRETARY or STATE,BRFTISH roazucu OFFICE, NOTIFIED ev u.s. MINISTER reenunnv :4THAT WII§QW1§&THE OFFICER DESIGNATED TO oescnve sueaecr-sTR I . ' _" '- --==-H"--=--'---.:_._ . _;___F.-.._T------ =- 92 --»=~=-'--'1-E -' "~"""- ~ --==-=-q¢~===,=._:.92|u
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