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Luce in his own peculiar pjgigin,' some psychologi a reak in-
fected almost all our journalism,
including other magazines, and
much of our radio prattle. Where-
as 25 years ago newspaper re-
porters and rewrite hands took
pride in the composition of pear-
shaped periods and flights of-
iimagery about fires and fu-
znerals. the new mode is just as
f resolutely harsh.
In fact, in those days. when
Mencken and Nathan were shoot- -
ing spitballs at dignity itself_i
most rewrite men secretly read-
MBWUYY and Mencken's original
cliches, a little more artful than
Nathan's._ could be combed out
of everything to the left of thel
goiters and electric belts. i
' Nothing as horrible as Drew
Pearson's jerked-Englished para-
phrase of Timestyie would have
got past any copy desk and the
depth oi the decline may be
guaeecl by the fact that this
phenomenon may claim, with
what truth I do not presume to
know, that his merchandise ap-
pears in several hundred Ameri-
can dailies
The name or Percy Hammond
will mean nothing even to many
Americans who were reading pa-
pers in the twenties and the
teens. For some reason he
limited himself to the stage and
actors and pretty much to im-
promptus such as reviews done
in a feverish hurry. His Sunday
specials were longer and liner
wrought but his daily standard
was I high degree oi beauty.
Percy also. like Mencken, used
what he himself called out-or
town words, but always withi
marvelous grace'and there was
hardly a time that any other
word would have quite sufficed.
I chanced to call on him at
the Algonquin with the Grant-
land Rices one evening not long
after he was left desolate by the i
death of his wife. He was SOP-
ping wet and there was a whole
bowl of cigarette butts on the
bed table. His son. John, wasi. t th d hel -
.1s aring ou e win ow. ple,1§ Percy was adtimy-t!n'uwith ie. -I
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and writing more beautiful comhe said. "I don't mi i=° KPHwell and I don't want ti»0h1 '1"1;iLanother worcl." Thlf P" ma hospital and he died gin a.c$:e-lplg 91' days. I heard e vii" _
hard, which is true of most suc-
cessful hands altho Broun justPlayed the t"1neW1'1W 111" *1 P iessor in a . onky-tonk and outcame limilid m°1'atm'°- much °
it good satire and whimsy;No speech oi Churchills eveléwill be mistaken for any °
Roosevelt's factoI'Y-made hem"gm; because Churchill takespride in his skill and kept hindself inimitable. H1S_ V0106 an
diction enforced his language-
everr tho he does suffer from ii.
mushy llllpfftlin Of speechlt he has had no rival in o tat But-jaavg us never for .
hat he sent the Black and Ta
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v . "/ 73§lla§5 C San Francisco 2, California 1/ §§'3 i.1-92y-re Jan V : I .llMREF1..Y.PLEASER-EFERTO I 'Ir'a'";'
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Mr. John Edgar Hoover PERSONAL
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigationtg Washington, D. C. C!
92 J
Director, FBI, from SAC, San Francisco ' 1-25-5h
Aldrich is also supposed to have been very optimistic about the economic
outlook for the immediate future of this country. On the international outlook,
Aldrich is reported to have advised his listeners that there was less chance of
war with Russia today than there has been in the recent past, and that Russia was
" completely afraid of the might of this country.
Yours sincerely,.vr_-2 _J I .
M-4-. V .4_ , --1|-1
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5 WILLIAM H. WHELAN
-§"'*=* Special Agent in Charge
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WEIR-Y = PRIME urzrrsmn wrwsrou CHURCHILL 1§§ii;.§.i
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Bi-.12!;z.,w MAR 331954
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F1'd111 2 Posts
Is Accepted
Sir Wiiisloii Plans
Sicilian Vacation;
. British Election _ ,
. Likely on May 26
By Frazer Vifighton '
It-enters
LONDON, April 5.-Sir
Vi[inston'"' Churchill tonight
resigned as Prime Min-
ister--a reluctant surrender
to his 80 years.
The elderly statesman, in
-a polka-dot bow tie, old-£ash-iioned frock coat and zip-fast-iened shoes stood before 28-
;year-old Queen Elizabeth Il
in a room at Buckingham
Palace and asked to be re-
lieved of his burdensome
oice. P
Moist-eyed crowds outside
shouted good old Winnie" and
the British Broadcasting Cor-
poration broke into a children:
hour program for a special an-Went of Churchills re-tiremen . ----sBy Queen jBut there were no news-pzltefs-ttf blaze banner lin
about the man who has prob-
ably made more headlines {or
them than any other in this
century. A strike of 600 main-
tenance workers has hushed
London's presses for the last
12 days. _
The young sovereign, under
whose great-great-grandmother,
Queen Victoria, Churchill be-
gan his 55-year career of public
service as a cavalry officer,
sadly accepted his resignation
in a 40-minute audience.
Churchill oicially recom-
mended that she appoint For-
geign Secretary Sir Anthony
Eden as his successor. She is
expected to summon the 57-
year-old Eden to the palace
Wednesday and ask him to
serve as her new Prime Min-
ister.
Eden is expected to call agen-
eral election soon to secure
national approval of his succes-
sion. Forecasts now claim the
election will be May 26.
A one-sentence palace an-
Inouncement told the resigna-
Ltion story. it said: "the Right
Honorable Sir Winston Church-
ill had an audience of the
Queen this evening and ten-
dered his resignation as Prime
-Minister and First Lord of the
i_Treasury, which Her Majesty
was graciously pleased to ac-1
~
O-19
- Mr. Tolson /,4?>4??? Mr. BoardmanI/lg in-. Nichols -Mr. Belmgtl -4 .i_._¢_"
Mr. Herbo _,;_
Mr. Mohr ___é...__/ Mr. Parsons ____,_I Mr. Rosen _i__
Mr. Tamm ___,___i
Mr. Sizoo .___i___
Mr. Winter:-owd __
Telc. Room vi .
Mr, Holloman i____
Miss Gandy
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Churchill Bows Out at 80,- n
CHURCHlLLFr. Pg. Ii
Ministers since 1735, and to-
Ward Buckingham Palace. .
'. Churchill appeared at they
door of Number 10 at 4:23 p. m.
lie stood beaming,. cigar in;
nand, andjoiied his top hat to
the crowds before stepping into
his limousine for the short_ride
.'lo the palace. He carried his
favorite gold-topped cane. _
I He was leaning back and still
smoking his cigar when his car1=
'drove past saluting sentries in-H
-to the palace courtyard. An
equerry conducted him immedi-
ately to the Queens apart-ments. " .
- The late afternoon sun shonei,
in tlirougli the toll windows as?
he-bent his bulky gure and
kissed her hand. Then, in
rounded sentences. he spoke oil
his age and his desire that they
should pass to a younger man.
Just as formally, though she
well knew the answer in ad-
vance. Elizabeth asked Church-
ill to recommend a successor
and he named Eden. .
The momentous occasion
from his departure to his re-
turn to Downing Streettook
only an hour. .Eyes Misty With Tears,
pondered the advice Churchill
{The United Press reportedé
Churchill returned to No. 10
Downing street and stood, old
te with t brim- é
_ 92 -'
0/pressed about himto bid liim'his personal plans rnarring
farewell-] their chances of victory. ' _
In th°°n' the Queen men [Even before Churchill re-
gave herabouthissuccessor. signed he New Ymk Daily
. " . News Service reported, the
Sta in Parliament . Laborites began needling theh0lcials made it clear toriightlcfmsewaves in C 5 in m 5 H 5 IC hill intends t con inue , '_as uic member of 1?, -liamemi "Can we be told, rasked Labor-E
representing his constituency ite M. P. Emryi if the 8°92'91'1{'§
of Woodford, ne'er London. men; 15 gqlrfg to be allowed toi
They discouraged the sugges~ - ftion he might accept some non- bung Caesifhm 35 Rings.departmental post in Eden's L°1' 5- °1' 9 gb i here mgnew government.» ' 1° "'e'7L R t§gme,,, acOn his return from the " '° 'y- n t u.. . [T1115 W35 1'8 EIEIICQ O SPECPalace tonight, Churchill met .all his senior ministers in theilatmn that Chmchm might be. . House of Lords.cabinet room of 10 Downinv named to the - ,-° A t ally, he has declined the:.:s..i°niz; . _, C, ml * - '. It wa understoo urcgel! to the junior members of also waspersuaded by his wml;gOwi3:lnme?'Chan Eu his doctors and close friends toew goo W . - _1f]1bdcountl?-h_0me in lient, Wednes- East °ff-m;1bm:degsh- min: 3; . h 1 a tire is mleadership of the governmentllgay leveningfggaying at.:laEtlgg;1Il|;i_H}::al;t Y; stgl Spry--_as he hasii - eaves a V shown by quick-witted repliesS'i:'ii§i§li1iiiTii§=idai§;es Prime? "1 * °°° P' i" " * ' °'
Minister for a total of eight "am-5' - » -years, seven months and 25 ."g'°hfiai°s :ant lirilozgl
days-including ve _years as ;"'mu as r est Russia, hamthe nation: leader 1l'1 World 1 E -:°me° l 5
war IL ._ ers in a bid to bring permanent
Friends say Churchill 'felt,P¢3°9 11° me '°1'1d- P.°1mca1
capable O; can-yin; on the ad. quarters predict that from be-ministration of government for.hmd ml! en ! he Wm sun 3°
some time to come. Bt.li..]'lB.°n wnrkmg ° i-M5 dream-iagreed to retire, they said, so.e"°'1 ih° 3h he Y"° 7*d ° "5".
the conservatives could ghker represent Brital_n-a§-e-top-mg in is eyes as e receive the election without uncertairi- P"! °°"f°1 °n°°- '
the cheers of a throng whichtty about his futdre health or .Jt
last. 3% years in ohiee. '=Churchllls resignation i auto-
3 matiE5II§!"inv01ved iSgovernment. When his succes-
sor announces the new admin-
istration, it is probable that
most of the ministers who
served Churchill will retain;
their posts. 1
Choice oi'Foreign Secretary
One decision before Eden ls
the choice of a successor as For-i
eign Secretary. Harold Mac-i
Millan_ 61. until now DefenseMinister. is favored. Another!
Possibility is Selwyn Lloyd, 5O,i
Supply Minister and an Eden
protege, who was formerly
Eden's deputy at the Foreign
Ofce. l
192Io»!!1a|.te1 who is chosen.;
there will be little change in
British foreign policy as
mapped out by Eden during his
In the last year Eden has
been. credited with numerous
successes in the international
arena. It was partly due to his
negotiating skill that war ended
in Indochina. He settled the
bitter feud between Britain
,and Egypt over the British
army bases in the Suez canal.
After France had reiected
the European Defense Commu-
nity treaty, he found a new
way through the Paris and
London agreements to bring s
rearmed Germany into Westernlldefense. ' ;
A crowd of 1000, mainly
horrieward-bound office work-
,Downing S_treet this evening-and burst into a roar of cheer-
ing when the retiring Prime
Minister emerged for a pri-
.v evisit. _
. ozens of burly policeme
to old back the crow .
w ich surged forward to gre
Churchill and slowed his bla E
limousine to a crawl. The spec-i
tators were still there when;
Churchill, dressed. in the
same costume he wore to the
palace, returned an hour later-
Ihey sang and cheered as hegave the famous V-sign and
chanted "We want Winnie" an-F
til he reappeared later at an
opened window and gave the
sign 11 times. ,
By then. Churchill had
changed from formal attire and
was wearing one of the one->
piece "siren stilts" he became.
fond of during World War II. I
; Lite tonight, a CTOWU of 200Y
>sti11 waited outside 'iis 'resi-
idence singing For He: a Jollyllow" and calli!g~l92-opeL , ome on, Winnieff, .. . . l . :
i-ii.-_r-':l.'£' ..»_92_i-1,_:_r"'i{ ___--_"__ r Eers, swirled around No. 10'
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Mr.Be1monm£E
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Mr. Parsons __
Mr. Rosen ___
Nk.Tamm_,__
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CHURCHILL! C, -
Lennon--SIR W;§T9§W§g§pc;gWguuncuxgy, was roucur awn nrrnnrzn svsnv
ENEMY SAVE THE UNYIELDING TOLL OF TIME, PRESENTED HIS RESIGNATION AS
PRIME MINISTER OF GREAT BRITAIN TO THE QUEEN TODAY-Miss Gandy _
HIS SUCCESSOR AS PRIME MINISTER WILL BE -SIR ANTHONY EDEN. .
THESE FACTS WERE LEARNED UNOFFICIALLY, THO HOURS BEFORE A 6:50 P.N.
30 P.H. EST! FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT FROM NO. 10 DONNING STREET MAKES IT
ICIAL THAT CHURCHILL HAS QUIT. ' ~
THE MAGNIFICENT OLD MAN, UEIGHTED BY THE 8O YEARS OF A LIFE THAT
HELPED MOULD AN EMPIRE AND FASHION THE SHAPE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION,
DROVE ALONE ON HIS LAST OFFICIAL TRIP TO BUCKINGHAM PALACE-
FOR CHURCHILL IT HAS THE WINTER OF A LIFETIME OF ACHIEVEMENT SELDOM
MATCHED AND EXCEEDED BY FEW.BUT TIME AND AGE CAME TOGETHER AT h:3O P.M .H. EST! ON THIS
WARM AND TRANQUIL DAY IN SPRING T0 BRING HIS S P TO AN END.
HE QUIT QUIETLY AND WITH SADNESS AT THE END AL 2h HOURS AS
O
RIME MINISTER THAT WERE FILLED UITH DEEP EHOTION A ICH AFFECTION.
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ADD CHURCHLL, LONBQN. 1 *
Mr. Tolson l.__
Mr. Boardman _.._
Mr. Nichols __._
Mr. Belmont __._
Mr. Harbo ___..
M. Mob! _..__-
Hr. Parsons _..__
Mr. Roscn _..__.
Mr. Tamm ___.
Mr. Sizoo _______
Mr. Winterrowd ..
Tele. Room _..__
Mr. Holloman _._
Miss Gandy _._.
A YRESIGNED AS PRIME 'I MINISTER OF GREAT BRITAIN
I
4/5--£G1235P
WASHINGTON CITY NEWS SERVICEHURCHILL, THE GRAND OLD MAN OF EMPIRE OFFICIALL I
F92
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liann CHURCHILL LONDON- {mo
Mr. Tolson E___-
Mr. Boardman __
Mr. Nichols ._-
Mr.Bc1monr___~
Mr. Harbo _. __»
Mr. Mob: _._»-
Mr. Parsons _.__
Mr. Rosen __-
Mr. Tamm ___-
Mr.Sizoo
Mr..Winterrowd _
Tele. Room ___
Mr. Holloman --_
Miss Gandy ___
Eggans GLISTENED IN HIS E?ES AS HE PRESENTED HIS RESIGNATION T0 THE IQU .gg ANTHONY EDEN WILL BE HIS succzssonLE RCHI LL, WHO BATTLED AND DEFEATED EVERY ENEMY SAVE TS HE RELENT- 92, s PASSAGE or TIME, PRESENTED HIS RESIGNATION T0 auzzn ELIZABETH IIAT ggggxusuan PALACE. -_ HE wzur HOME TO nowwruc srnzsr awn srbon FOR A TIME, OLD Ann 1Mar; HIS FINGERS RAISED IN THE ~v~ ron vxcronv sxcu AND rznassrnwzuc BRIGHT IN HIS EYES, WHILE FROM BUCKINGHAM PALACE THE ANNOUNCEHENT CAME OFFICIALLY THAT HE HAD QUIT. '-- THE PALACE ANNOUNCEMENT SAID: -"THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL HAD AN AUDIENCE OF THE.QUEEN THIS EVENING AND TENDER}-ID HIS RESIGNATION AS PRIME MINISTER AND "I'_I_ I!R§ECl{.:.gI_§_D'OF THE TREASURY WHICH HER MAJESTY WAS GRACIOUSLY PREPARED " I j 4/5--RH1242P
WASHINGTON cm NEWS SERWCE
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. Mohl ______.%_,.+
Mr. PBFSOUS ._._,__m_,_
' Mr. Rosen ___._.___
Mr. Tarrrn _.?__
Mr. Trotter .___~__.__Attached boo1<92,g%1;~_9_eee;11_ng§ __q_£__g;e,_ M "95 QPresentationeofi e Williamsburgfqvazfd Hr ease
Tele. Room_..___~__H_
to S'ir __Wir,1s'tc_1n__S:._ Ci1g_rchi11" was
Williamsburg, P.O. Box 516,
Williarnsburg, Virginia.Miss Gandy _ _ ,_____, _ Mr. Ho11oman.._._;1';sent to the Director from Eiolomal Miss HO1me
92/
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The Tnmees of Colonial W:'Zliar{uburg take
- pleasure in :endz'ng_you the Proeee ings ey theI Presentation of the Williamsbu g Award to
; re Rt. Hen. Sir F~1 i'n.§i0n O. Cggefziii ai
Drapers Hall, Landon, December 7, 1955.
$803550 54 £5Ch .-L .'W ':f5-152%
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' -Jgenerous consideration.
5 With kind personal regards,
I ' h 10
July 24, 1951"
QFITMNEU
Room 5135 - H:E.'i.?.'.Hi 92S Ui*92'l1.r -.5 3 130 Rockefeller Plaza. -'-,_'§;t L .: 5 LaRockefeller Center ""' ' +LK ,
New York 20 ew Y 2 --Z/.:?6 -a7Dear Kenneth: . 7 F '6?
Thank you so much for sending me n
copy oi the Proceedings 0! the Presentation oi the
- Williamsburg Award to Sir Winston S. Churchill in
4 London on December 7, 1955. This ls truly an out-
, standing resume of what must indeed have been a
memorable event, and I am most grateful for your
t r1.
Sincerely, ' '
/Z-§/E489-I i
MAILED 5 L -
JUL :95? V
COMM-FBI n J'92Q h // 4 "
NOTE: Mr. Chorley is President of the Trustees of Colonial
Williamsburg. _ W
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an/»" OPTLOHAL IORM NO, 10 n 1 Tnlsgn 77-lUNITED STATES GOV;51R1'wn/IENT J
Memorandum
E - ,_ 1 vans __..___A 11' _ 1 _ .._£ MaloneTo I A. n. Beimont@¥' narevfll 5, "
FROM 1 S. Donaho%92
SUB_]EC'I'I WINSTON CHURCHILL 2
As a matter of information ASAC R. J. Baker of *
the Miami Office mentioned to me today that the Miami
Office has received information Winston Churchill, former
Prime Minister of England, will arrive Palm Beach, Florida,
on the evening of April 6 or the morning of April 7, 1961.D-_.._
-n.-= cu __....____
Tcvel _-%__-
Treuer _____
W.C. Sullivan ___..__
Tele. Room _ _._-
lnqrcm i___i.._
Gndy _i._i
E .
Churchill is aboard the yacht_"Christinaf which
is owned by Aristotle Onassis, international shipping magnate.
Q S: T {I-Di u|
-,». For information. % ML:2 92
,-92n|'I_ '921 - Mr. Parsons RP, Tin O _ "" MI. ' ' "I 2 I d,|I iii: K?Ef 3.?..... 1 BY MVSBD:dmd "F 57:3-', J "n ,.
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Tcvel __f_".%
1 -J #__:-.. 9292 " ' P Tele Room Z»-[§l_92_ ll A Tl l i &/Y4Jlrc:tter- S I
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Gcindy Z_.nl__._92/
E.heWashington Merry-Go-lftonnd - _
. ~ 6-?
Q7, By Drew Pearson
The sec%1telegrarns sent
by Winsto to Pres-
ident Roosevelt just a few
days before FDR died give
fascinating rev-
elations regard _elng the No.. 1 5 l
political head- ifa c h e !emai_n- if--llog in Western ._;'-;J-,Europe: Berlin.7 If the Allies,
especially t h e
American com- 3*?"manders head-ed by Eisen- 1* l
hower, had fo1- Pearson y
-lowed Churchi1ls stern, a1-
- most peremtory, warnings, the
,United States would not now
In. _..I-.a_r_x...- a_......._ G... l:.._{LIE Llllllllllllls LLUUPH -Ll-l 1351'
would we have had to operate
a vast airlift to save Berlin,
or almost go to war with Rus-
isia over Berlin in the summer
in: 1901. -
American military strate-
gists have complained, with
5°-"9 justice, that Churchill's}
stubbornness against a cross-
-channel front and his reluc-
tance to let Field Mgfhal{Ito 15 years after the war, nor
Montsomery close_ the pin-
cers on the German armller the Normandy invasiog:
P1°l°118Bd the war. However,the secret wartime gelegnms
show that on political
"mes? regarding Berlin, theold British war horse was as
right as rain.Worry about Berlin on March
28, 1945, as the Russian army,
raced west through Poland
and as the American army
raced north from the Rhine.
Noting that Gen. Eisenhower
had sent a telegram direct to
Stalin regarding Berlin
"without previously men-
tioning the subject either to,
Air Chief Marshal Tedder or
to the combined Chiefs of
Staff," Churchill sent a teie-i
graphic warning to Ike. It
read:
"iwe all thought that um
went beyond the limits of
negotiation with the Soviets
by the Supreme Commander
*.!*3.'"s=1=.'*-". . . 4-I .W113! IIBCI i&ITl1ECl. UD'|.lI'C-
ill was Eisenhower: plan toshift the American army's
drive away from Berlin to
Leipzig and Dresden.
Churchill Worries 1
Three days later, Churchill
became more alarmed. On
March 31, he sent Eisenhower
another telegram. -.
If we deliberately leave
Berlin to Lhezn the Ru-ss1ws!,"
he warned, "even if it should
be in our grasp, the double
event may strengthen their
conviction, already apparent,
that they have done every-
thing. Further, I do not con-
sider mysetf that Berlin has
Yet lost its military signi-
cance and certainly not its..£¥" **==.=== inChurch ill F oresaw Divided
Not content with this stiff;
warning to Eisenhower,
Churchill followed it up next
day, April 1, with a telegram
direct to President Roosevelt.
He said he had no desire to
lower the prestige of Gen.
Eisenhower in his relations
with the Russians. But, he
continued: g '
"Alli we sought was a little,
time to consider the far-.
reachlng changes desired by
Gen. Eisenhower in the plans
that had been concerted by
the combined Chiefs of Staif
at Yslta and had received,
your and my formal approval.] The British Chiefs of Sta££|
were naturally concerned at aprocedure which apparently
leit the to:-tunes 0! the British
army, which, though only a
third of yours. till amounts
to over a million men, to be
settled without the slightest
reference to British authority.
They also do not understand
from Gen, Eisenhower's
message [to Stalin! what was
actually intended . . ."
Churchill then complained
to Roosevelt in some detailca éb?9é-/i-in-|-u-u-||n-I-an-|ur=1-l _.
NOT RECORDED
175 FEB 2 1955
_?c-.1-__---ti
92 ;" The Washington Post and LL
Times Herold
The Washington Duiiy i~iE"v92i5 i_-
The Evening Star
New York Herald Tribune -i--~
New York Juurncri-AmefiCun.,ii
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J. _ '
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_._L'P"_:Gei-many as possible,"15" I
I - 92 1
Qth Arm from the nor-tiger" p Yarmies . . . l
92 ' I say quite frankly that
:Berlin remains ot high
strategic importance. NothingLwlll exert a psychological e_f-
-feet of despair upon all the
German forces equal to_that
lot the fall of Berlin . . .
51 . . .A Divided Berlin - "
" "I further consider that
from a political standpoint
- we should march as far into
Churchill wired Roosevelt,
_;"aud that should Berlin be
',within our grasp, we should
certainly take it. I
_ When Churchill did not get
3-an answer to his April .1
I5-teieg-ram from FDR, he shot
.;oif another wire to Roosevelt,';.;A1Jril5: ' i
- "I still think it was a pity
that Eisenhower's telegram
was sent to Stalin without
anything being said to _our
Chiefs of Staff or to -our
Deputy Air Chief Marshal
<Tedder or to our Commander
Kin Chief, Field Marshal
!Montgomery," Churchill
complainedt -
1 Seven days later, Roosevelt
was dead. Fourteen days
later, the American Army
reached Potsdam, the suburbs
of Berlin, then withdrew -to
the River Elbe, in conformity
with Eisenhowers previous
commitment to Stalin.
After that, Berlin became !-divided city.
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De Gaulle I .CrO§£ii» q,9292,
;- No two men were more aodds during World War I"than les de Gaulle and
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l E n gl a n d by
C 11 " P "hill in ' 3- .
1 I118 18$ hDl1!S l . ;:_; ac I 0 r e t h e _, ,
|I|,;rIiZi$ closed in 1'23; ,;::;,_;?..~§ tpn France, and '2
Estubborn Eng»i .%.* m;."**:*s . *i e_ at g nn_ Bal'S0ll.
"gen the stubborn FrenchmanHlsltting on the pier tn Bor-..-;.
{'1 :-_ 11- ~~>"-;.=-,-n»--*'£'?-;:.<-=» .e.--#r1-
deauxl
Churchill not only agreed
;with Secretary of State Cor-
dell Hull when he referred to
de Gaul1es "so-called" Free
French, but was indignant
iwith de Gaulle when, at Casa-
Churchill med us per-
lauade de Gaulie toitave his
-photo taken with Gen. Henri
EG-iraud, of the French in North
,A.frica. Despite pressure from
iiroizh Mr. Roosevelt and
Ohurchi1.l, de Gaulle refused.
' It was after this that Church
gill, referring to the symbol 0
the Free Fnenoh, remarked I
I'M-.'.. r~_...-.. ..a Y .--..:-U. .. 4-I...Isuc 92/IUD3 U]. Lllllllc l§ lull:hardest cross-I have to Benz-."Fr they. can revifn D-.180? _ ,___@:.-.-1' ' -' = "'-- " - 1 . .1; "re §' Vi" ' ' I "- =L&-.-"-;.'.l "-*"~"" ¬f+"'
RA 1' "- n--~ '1--~ - 1 ...... .... ....... ..-..-... .-.-J. 0..pf urew rears1Jn_ I - . .=- l iH . 92*1
i ' of the State ;De-T
blanca, President -..!1ooeeve1t92
,. _. '~...-. .-. . '7T¬:>hnson; The President oi.haunt!» H-rk 1...:~.-i....;. n r.
antagonism, President dc
Gaulle issued one OE the most
moving tributes to the man
who once ridiculed hi'|n¢Win-ton'Churda.i1l..- Q1. » -.
LBJ and do Caulleh
In Washington dur1ng.re-
ent "rnonths, relations have
een improving between the
nited States and de Gaulle.
ls results, in part, from the
at-lent. i>oli_cy' ,0! ; .President
Partment boy! taint me to,
issue statements answering
President _de Gaulle, an-.
Johnson told a friend the.
other day.',"_Bu_t r'_ just lean
hack _fro the iite and 1&1
those fast hernia by. 1» . 1
Dtplonratic insiders
better atmosphe_re____between
Wehmswn u==1..1=.==-1-1'."~h.i.>.=i1dake _ i ;.92<._-gible ' e;'>_:tfe§'é1rIce'
tiveen'de"'Gao11e and Mr
;t.hc United States no-. lot erf
inamn-anon for the President
101 France, recognizes that he
;has done great things for-,_hisCDIIDIIY. _.. ' '
So Mr. Johnson, a patient
nd persuasive negotiator,
would_ like 1.0 sit down _Wlt.h
esidentwde Gauile on some]
ariy occasion and be jvheth-Iyearsef friendship betweenl
the Ilnitcd State_|.nd France.
in nn n;6n:¢.; ' i
Vice President Hubert H.
Humphrey has been given 5ioshini inaround by his oinl
Senate colleagues over the.fact that he cannot find a:
choice working office on Cap-itol HiJJ.._However', he has 3|
real working office about 100feet teem Johnson;
the Executive Office Buildinl
and is proudof it. _ *
His pride results from the
fact that the office was once.
occupied by. Assistant Secre-E
tar; of the Napy Franklin .D.,
Roosevelt tn _Wor1d War I."
And Humphrey has dug- upl
one of the last portraits of
Mr. Roosevelt, painted in
1945 shorthr before he died,
tohangonhlswall. __ .4_ Hurie1 helped me the
phce.§_1I>," he said with pride.
{She jplcked ___t:he__se curtains
and had cm put some covers
over those old-fashioned ra-
dist.ors.~ I p1cked_ out this
hchgc can-st. '2 color that
won't show the tracks!: .
The Vice President is béing
kept busy trucking back and
forth between the Senate and
the White House, and he is
actually getting over his old
hahltof being me. - ' ' I
The knobs on Humphrey's?-
door are worth $250 each;
They carrythe Navy S¢l.1'0n~one side of the door," the}
Army _l§ll_0Il"_'E1¬ othe_r,' em-,
hiems oiihei "ct that the
E:iecutive"0'!fl e"u|ed to
0. 1 4 A I I1|@g- é;.5'-9"/Q "_/7-."
R0? RY-GORDED.
11$ FEB 10 1965
ii-t -a1- -inun-
gen
Washington Dolly News ____The Washington Post and
Times Herald
The
The Evening Star Hi
York Herold Tribune H
York
York
YorkNew
New J ournul-American ________
New Dally News H
New Pas! 1
The
The
The
TheNew York Times i__._.....__....._
Baltimore Sun
Worker i,______._.__..._._.___,_,_
New Leader i___i.._._.__._._.._._
The Wail $tree1. journal _.. ___
The _i_
People's World ii
Date _____.____.____.____li._National Observer
z~g..l
T?.*'P92-. .-=1, -i-,->.
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vii";-,' 1!I gs,
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a . . ..
_a-.L;'~ vs:_ r aL. F
house the State, War and
mmenu.
I92 I7 --5- I _.._:I..l_1ur. nmg 5 Assailant
"Jimmy George Robinson,
the man who poked the Rev.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
the other day at Selma, Ala.,
is not a Birmingham boy as
he told the newspapers, but a
Texan who has been operat-
ing a bicycle shop_on Route
67 outside Garland, 'Iex.,
-where he has gained local
notoriety as a right-wing
rabble-rouser.
A year ago, he wan arrested
for planting a aming cross
on the lawn oi Jack Oran of
Richardson, Tex, who had
§ spoken to Kiwanis and Ro-
tary groups on the similari-
e ties between American right-
wingers and _the German
_ Nazis.
~ Robinson was fined $25 for
violating a fire ordinance.
gt Classified Maps
1 Movie maker George Sea-
ton needed a 1944 battle map
iof France for his World War
i 11 spy thriller, "as Hours.
but both the French Embassy
and the Pentagon solemnly
insisted that the old map:
were "classified."
L Seaton turned for help to
Sen. Thomas I-L Kuchel R-92 C-a1i!.!, who olao got nowhere
1 until he threatened to call
the Russian Embassy for the
maps. Then the Pentagon
reluctantly produced them.
g_],§§§_§g1!-llalure I!-llzliltnlr Ins.
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1' L*3-_.-.------.1-"I 1- Mr.
Mr.
14th December, 1966. M,
Mr.
Mr.
Tele. R00l'I1__-..
Miss Iiulme-s.._.It .t 92 __ ,_ i
3%.: 929292 '--_ . 9292 Mr. Tols0n..__..._..._9292__ ,- 92 Mr. k»Lnach._.__ . _/,2 Mrs. John de S i osely p. i 1l -. /' l7 Notting_l1g_m__§tw. 92. m'1_"'""
/ London, __Vl,_l , Mr. 92l13l-'L_..._-/ ' / fr /H595 1M- 0.» T <1- Enaiand n,&,1J » -- ;..-~-~-~=~- 1 ~-
a /7 _,__.--"""'- . Mr. Feit ____-.__.Gale
Rrisan __ ____.. 5
SulE'rvan._.... '
Tavai
Tr-~1.0r.._._...
Dear Sir, iQ Miss ;.=mdy__"The Eightieth Birthday Tribute to Sir Winston Churchill" is a pictori4'*i""""" ""
anthology of his life, specially commissioned by ..:s'iam:ly ta commemorate
the occasion. Due to the extensive research involved, the work was not
completed until some three months after the event. The original printed sheetsIj
only then being of historic importance, were placed in the Archives of Beaulieu
Palace, where they have since remained. _
After Churchill's death, Lord Montagu of beaulieu, a kinsman of Sir
Winston, decided to release these sheets ,000 sets in all! and issue them
exactly as was originally intended in beautifully handbound leather volumes.
Each copy is numbered and individually inscribed with the owner's name. The
book contains some 220 pages and 400 photographs with descriptive captions,
and includes a Forward by Randolph Churchill and a replica at Sir Winston's
signature imprinted in gold leaf on the cover. They, are now being offered for
sale at $100 per copy. l
The profits received by Lord Montagu will be donated on behalf of each
subscriber to the Winston Churchill Memorial and Library in Fulton, Missouri.
A crested scroll, displaying the names of the owners, wiii be on permanent
display in the Library at Beaulieu Palace and an exact replica will be donated
to Fulton.
it you would care to subscribe, piease indicate your name {or name of
recipient! exactly as you would like it to appear in your book. Remittance
should be made payable with order to: The Heritage Collection.
"EM 4 2.»? 45176.,' ""*e t h r of your early reply and thank you in advance I In-r|..r¢ |O IIGY
for your consideratioEX-LL .4 e4
f
92I -
17matter. 8 ""- '' "'° *'=*"-
. - ' - Js U , OQMTHNFTDT Yours truly, E e AN 10 1967!5.LLlNF0l.92"-..li.T;~ .. -' -- _g%EF;El 1;-2;, 39! 5!: si;>..i.e1a. M /'
v:-'.
l Urou r / " '¢1» .Am 7'95 l" i92 i/
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FREEDOM OF INFORNIATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION
COVER SHEET
IJ
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I 2-;iv
1;.
r92
-92_v-~-~41 ,--rt.-.,-..q-... '- - . '-.'| ..:.vI_..'; -
nf92192f'.| _-._..~, ._T,,A,, .' _S31.-"_'_~'; ;T."__ ' Flzrch 20, i9z,.¢ l I
nmrmkq-7_ . f mat " _
The follo-.:ln_.r; inform-"tier. co:2cerz:1:;g tas been Eld :.v:=.il- bi
ehle by an official of the Ford Rotor Coczpeny n_ tro , c gen:U
_ On February 8, 194;, on vho said he lives in ash-
-' _ lugton, D. C., and described so nae an egr cultural economist, per»-
*¥-l.' eonally called at the Ford Ha tor Company at Detroit for an interv, .f =M Upon being l_Ii1_-¬l 'Yia':nd eve; oiiiclel of the Ford llotor Company, ' revealed that e. one of the =.=. ~. - -' the haw _
Hovemcnt e pac w - an -- -M H155 Jeanette - _ "
Rankin, former Congresswoman, hm I -'-v » - - -'~ em!"-r-1 -= oi one -"fylerlent, Ire. Ann n. P. mm-. of Ieehington, -n. c. dentlfled A 92b,|'C/r_.__if:e
. He-at as a young Ar-arisen :_or.=e:-ly emieleyed at the A=e._-...... 2" *1-t T~'-'1--_ -who was convicted in 19¢!! for eepioizege by Jiritieh eut.horitioe _ _ V
= added, however, that he hm. learned from ire. Kent that young K. _
- actually been "reilrooded" inasmuch as young Kent, through his IOIk!!'~1'. the ~*
1 Qebeeav, had cone into possession of coaiee of up; xieately one thousand =- -1~92. . 3'° -
cehlegzmne eeid to have o ged between Freelcient I-Iooeerelt end Er." Churchill. Accoruing t 1ese oehlegrane ridiculed Russia end
Stalin in the extreme and carr ed out the general these thetii Iir. E
_ Roosevelt and an-. Churchill ooild work together, they could rule the --
92 ..-e world". Allegedly the ceblegrruas, exchanged ct ca time when 11:. Churchill 92-
4- had not attained the position of Prime Hinister, ehowed e studied eon-
epir.-.c;r lending up to Am-:rice'e participation in the vmr. ;.
"92Acco om;§ Kent mirreptitiouely removed copies of
Q. theee cable» roxe ___e __obeee;-"rs lilac and later sent. them to Premier_ 1 5te1in.mteted that in Ii.-BI of the contents of the cehlegrane
Premier 2: really knows Hr. Churchill and Hr. Roosevelt and has never '1 been friendly with then. British author-it re '1; boon:-o very '. "l
enxioue over the situation and ncco E F ' " t . _ 1-din to re.ilro..aed lien
92 ..._ _..._ _._ .. ..... .. QH I511 Gplzmgi Uaavlutlp EGFEVG But:-vvu main hid 36% .seat copies of the ceblegreme toga some unnamed individual to be - ?used to eeterreee the President. These copies are noi supposed to be in
the bends of a veto detective in New York City, and in relating these -
allegations, made the point that the developments outlined above"took place dufiié e19 0, that is, prior to theBg§5o"ib1§5 Ge an-Russian 391- _ "
gin : E1180 tn-.z um. Kent hndI§R%.XEIradio <==le'?elze'£3F-*5?'l§§-:1-7l"?'.
'1, , i sA
_ s. Er
S." 1¢~t . fr!
=2.-H:' BI
1'n' speaking of his motives m this matter that _.although he was initially introduced to this m f the 92
Peace E01 Hovement, he poreonally is nt 3 pacifist. B BVBT, made lbthe statement that he is violently against this government, but he later bx
clarified this as;-ertion by saying; that he is "violently against the liei
Deal". He stated he would willingly boar axutus in the defonoo of thil
country if, for example, the conditions of 1776 were to recur" but indi- .
catcd he thinks the present war is not one of defense in so far as Amorica.
is concerned, . . .
./' .Toward the and or the inzerviewpmtaa that rm. Kent 1 not
92 attempting to raise £50,000 in order o secure ecoese to the copies of the
,1 cablagrams in question and thereby "exposo this deplorable affair-
; _, cording to the interviewing official It the Ford Rotor Company, Uwas rather subtle st this point, and although be did not direct bq -
_ funds, he suggestod that the Ford Hotor_Goo:pa.n,y might be interested in . _
contributing the "paltry" mm or $15,000 to s fond, the purpose of which
_ would be to soon-e the cablegrams ;g1_t:m1e_b;y expose this entire allegedsituation. In !'92u~ther oxplanat-i: Iported1;r asserted um. "the
5 cote of Tyler Kent was the most ra 0 pprosch to attacking the
character and good faith of theP:-esident and that he thought the Ford -
' Rotor Company might be interested in helping to sxpoee this one.
IIn anaIe loVerture the official of the Ford Iotor Company re-£10
portedly told hat the Ford company was not interested in any
situation of s ype which ras "next door to blackmail. '_.i_T,
~, , g L'§$
§ I
1
ijf
F Other information has been received to the effect that the leaders of the
_ - Peace How Movement are vary mob interested in the ryler Kant case and are of the '
' opinion that Kent was unjustifisbly convicted. Reportedly some of the loaders of the
1 _ organisation feel that 1! they can "expose" tho Kent-ease shoving that Ir. Churchill
-- and Br. Roosevelt, conspired to cane the "wax-1', s' great boon can be gained in behalf c
of the pscifist movement, eventually resulting in s negotiated peace. looording to _b';' ,
the sources of information in this matter it appears th/at the Peace low Remnant! - -'
the ryler loot ace is r_!efL'J.tc1y tb.-st or -==-rm-+-1.»~.g peim -:41:i intereet in the matter eceme to be personal 12151511 icals ' '- iijl-
0...,,,-.-1 92" -1-_.r.92 _
3-? -'v ° 51944 'hi " ,1 >
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7 The conviction of Kent apparently occasioned some comment in"the'§1- itinh
Parliament and in this connection there is attached hereto 1 copy or an article om-o
corning the mttar which eppoe '19h1 edition-or tho Euhin onat ='ti.mos-Harald". It is noted m ; repo;'ted1y in possession oi I b7copy of this article and display o o ch]. of tho Ford llotortompugy duringthe oouroo of the interview recounted previously to this memorandum " - -" , I _ »;? I; ' _
lttadmant ' '. D HA --. 1.1 - i - i I é q_ 1
, V _ w~. 92 »
L __ _ -_"_",'F :,'!!'?-'s_ H 3 Go-'1 i t;.i*i5f.-Q.
< ,'3I E . ."nF_f' =_{'*', F. 92 -
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TRUE COP! '
JTimes-Herald
ashington, D. 0., Fovember 12,'l94l
COEHQ§"AIE§ CB§ECILL CABLE§
T0 ROOSEVELT -
Hesseges Exchenged Behind Chamberlain's Back, .
it .P . huges
By Arthur Sears I-lenning
Questions in the British house oi Conan: yesterday regarding -,7-;_92
Iinston Churchill's ceblegrems to President Roosevelt behind the beck 0! .-
Priee !___.1 I-'-let-er Qb.e;ber1e.i:.92 brought $_n_t-o the opal. e sub} eet or an.-eh shieper
ing in official circles here. .
.
The question put to the government in the House of Oozmona Ian IQ '
whether a British subject who sent telegrams to Ir. Roosevelt and thereby.
eroded the censorship had been prosecuted. Ihne the reference was ooniined
to conmmioations sent to the President by Ir. Churchill, who at the tine , 5
was First Lord of the Admiralty in the Chamberlain cabinet. -
Ho Information on Sghiggt
The understanding here is that not only ceblegrens from Ir. *
Churchill to llr. Roosevelt behind Chamberlain's heck but frm Ir. Roosevelt
to Ir. Churchill are inYol'7ed. The Iihite House in response to an inquiry .
yesterday professed to have no information on the sub; act. . . ,,
The correspondence is supposed to have related to Britioh and »f .
lnerican policy regarding the D11"Openn war. bong the questions touched ' -j
upon ere said to have been e more vigorous prosecution of the nu: than had .
been achieved by Ir. Chamberlain and the possibilities of the United States
taking am active part in support of Great Britain. . ._ . .. -r -'
According to one version, the device of the lend lease legislation
for circumventing the United States neutrality law and the Johnson Lot for-_
bidding extension oi credit to Britain as e Iar debt defaulter was diseuased
in this secret correspondence between the lune:-ioen President and the Britilh92
navy heed. r r '7~.':;-__.;__
- _ ' tr-..ALL INFORMATION corsrzmn * |- 1-mg F .,92 F ,l _ ;.a-w-'~.:~_. ._. .._92c;i- e!.§neLnSS-;F|E£J 1;1 DATE_Il3L l - s"~.egrg0§k[_1»< 1_**-~ r
EHCLOSUR
in1 Z2-§[9!/f92,¢y__?
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[eased Through Qgbeggl
Disclosure of the text of the cablegr-one would establish whether
Hr. Churchill invited or Hr. Roosevelt made any commitments of the United
States Government to e policy of aiding Britain that was not contenplz-. ted by
existing United States law.
From the outbreak of the war the President had bee Under fire for .
permitting, if not encouraging, William C. Bullitt, American Ambassador to
France, and other lnericen diplomats to encourage France and Poland to get . .
mtg !5_r n10:-en! can Ar .1579 nan l9292nn:921-v-§_ i -' " '_-;"'7',.!_ - lpnwnenwvw $0 Iellve» -l-vile; wuerlrua IO _ __ _L: ' _ J T .-
The correspomienoe between Ir. Churchill and the President passed LY;
through the American mbeasy in London. Tyler Kent, e young hericen ee-played as e clerk in the eebeesy, node eopiee of the Churchill end Roosevelt >r92?>*~ ;»-"Qceblegrema and shoved theatgyept. Archibald Ramsey, e nelbor of the House / /'
of Connons. . A- 1 _ .- 5
92.
. _ 7 *1! Traced to rent . ' -- 50-. . | 1--_
The leak of the correspondence aoon became known and the responsi- -
bility therefore ear. traced to young Kent. The vengemce of the Britieh ' 3»
zmd American governments for this breech of trust Iee nrif t end certain-
.,_ .
Joseph P. Kennedy, than American Ambassador to Great Britain, "'
elm-god Kent, end the British governnent imodiately arrested hie on chm-gee
of espionage. After Kent had been held in jail for tone time he was given ' -f
a trial. The espionage charges fell flat, but he finally lea convicted of -_§'_c;___',_.
larceny oz government documents and sentenced to eeven years in pnion, inerej ' ~
he not 18- _ ..; 3 ,f§_f
Captain Bemaay, who had been sheen or given copiea of the corre--e 'H'.'_"__
apondence, was placed under detention under the Dofenae of the lot. '_ -,_,__~"
Morrison: Answer l l t , = 1 i , *1 7% d ~'*
_ " J :-_ "._ r-
Ihc question see hrght np Q Goezeone greeterdegr by 121..-curd L ;i' e-
Stokes, a. Leborite who is e bitter opponent of 1riee linister Churchill. ' LA
Answering the question, Home Secretary Earhart Iorrieon said: 4;.-,1 ,2?- _- .- -3_ - _ _ _ 92 :7 _ -_.:,_._-:1
"Io information can properly be given out about confidential
aente which Iere extracted from the Llorioen hboay, but Ihatofor lag hl ;'.l'~f'§j'c','c"
been the nature of the doculaenta in question they do not provide the 1- "- .
slightest fcmndeti-zn for the Suggestion that someone has been guilty - _ ,
evading the censorship or contravening the defense regulations. 2
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1 55>- V- '§"5.'|._
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John !cGoveru, independent Laborite, than said:
A
Cannot the hone secretary sag whether any of these cablegrmna or '
messages were sent. by tbs prime sinister bah.1.n_d_ the back of the than prim
ninister fflhanabarlain!? . ;. _
Harrison said he had nothing to add his answer.
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H-ajor General Edwin H. Watson
' Secretory to the President
The Fhite House
Washington, D. C.
Dear General Platoon:
I an etteehing e nenorandlm eetting forth certs. d -X __oeutl eeeived by this Bureaujhich indicates that one J¢7 _ "end other persona ere attempting to secure large emu1 be use-d in loom-ing copiee of alleged o_g,b}egrena said tohave Been exchimged between £58 President enriir. Oiuzrehill. .
These elleged cablegframa are said to relate to the eo-
nlled Tyler Kent espionage case in England ind reportedly the
persona interested in this endeevor intend in exposing the oable-
gzrazu to eeberresa the President and bring about e situation
favoring e negotiated peace.
I thought this info:-nation should be brought to your atten-
tion ea of possible interest to the President. No action relative
to the matter is contemplated by thin Bureau at this time, but in
the event further information of pertinence is received, it I111,
of course, be immediately relayed to yon.
Iith essurencee of my highest regards,
ISincerely yeure,
Hoover.-A §T§T;°.!?"1ED Hp-
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IL.-lnformation has recentl been received in connection wiB, en -,f 1>W F93 -2%'1-"1 55 . 1!, . 3."; 0 92°3§1~.s° *§ls* he _ s F C115$ OTc1scn_______ __
E. A. Tnrnm_
C1egg__ H
Co'f'i'ey,
Glavin y _
Ladd _
Nichols
Roach __,. CC-287 Mr.
' Mr._e c s M
jilshers! Surcau nrf inure; __ " ' Mr
1'53} - IFJ MY.nite?! States Bepnrtment iimstic Mr-1"v~- ."v" ---/4* Mr.asfylmgtnnf. G. - ML
I-Ia-rch T, 191414 1 M'-
Hr.
Mr.
Mr.Tracy __W
Accra __,
Carson __
Harbo__i__,_
Mr. Hendonif
Mr. Mumford
fi Mr.
'II~1E"'13a[ERICA FIRST PARK --~-------""'r~' ".""""'fB
INTERNAL SECURITY ,7 =--~=»--'-'--"q-f;:;;;{'
ssnrrzon -Starks, ____
. Quinn Tammwy
Tele. Room _
Mr. Nessa
Mi as Beahm_______~ _£A... ,-,3,-92_--_.-,4._..._ u.nu-an
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.-. . .. _ , ,. 2': __'_ -___'_ _______,____ .__,._,,,._-._ :1 Q __11.. .1._e.$._i.:Te1' _tie1se§;ed_i@2 eecuaeilsr use 7'>3L.,een.e.:r._ii<>._..._.m Ye?1.s.us_r s l-I-~1'11 in -1- e --instance sn%§-Q;;_<_1'1.i<>t£>1;_ ,1-.<;"'§e use; in securing access é5tp'¢S_, certai = ;.al1eg'e_ Apes5Ed'f§§ti'vé§?1es"1;eent*RooseveI¬Er:i_d tu *t nJnur¢¬F§"'.1.;."'¬. fK|.Tj§e?u;j"'tF1'es'é '¬eIh'Ir§gi=a'Y£1 s :iWé'd t*ria?c.'"tEe "Ff-'és :'.'d"et "sn"s sne "T.?e= e5.*?.3.==er- Cw. she »r.~=-use :5
?T§C8.L1B8 Ai3fic3TE_ §ff§_ranf' snag, the _!f_3_.f: withput ;rp_p§r__justi_f;1.cati9n. These efforts relate;~ £5 £5sie1I-'-1'<£'&?n ¢y1é§E§"i2£; Es'§isna;;Ts ¬a§s 'n1g1aaT§51"¬¥ ws1nd appear that thepersons behind these e s are intggestedwin embarra§si1E__ih51>resiQent, politically t
fend through the publication of these reported sablegrams _to discredit the war effort - _
-92_ and thereby cause a negotiated peace. In view oi the raniications involved, gjgilg
ie£9_I.*2*.eti.qe...1z11§~.2b_Ie_ei3=esn.s;e.ee_ive<1 by the Bureau in this regard is '$B1= fer; in the*3
1'.
o owing paragraphs. A
l p. j On February 8, 1
K ;' himself as an agricultural
81>
is Hrs .*7 7 7 : 7 ~? - 7- " i -.- 4
. 92_
Washington and descri,bes._
tthe Fbrd Company for _.*!Qrevealed ems;leaders of to be formerly
1 exCcngresswoman, had introduced ' -to the mother 1*H. Pzéhent oi Washington, D. C ened Kent91111, one
parently arranged
Ias a young American formerly emplo ed at the ass; who was convicts *'-111 191:0 by British authorities for espiomge. atm, however, that he had
learned from Hrs. Kent that young Kent had ac _ en railroaded inasmuch as young i '
Kent, through his work at the Embassy, had come into the_posse'ssion of copies of X
approximately 1,000 cablegrams exchanged between the President and Hr. Churchill.
Allegedly these cablegrams ridiculed Russia and Stalin in the extreme and carry out
general. theme that if Mr. Roosevelt and Churchill work together "they can rule the rld . "
Furthermor , the cablegrams reportedly show a studied conspiracy leading u to l92.m¬I'i 's . P 3-m the war without proper justification. K 11. .-." ,,-"~-_,"", 92s;>;;> n » eeeenbv _1¢n~</e 9/ 8.11%
i that
- "Pi-'H%
.5been friendly
F9. Q7: np"f"?-- ""="=¥.}- !1- _
I pi 92
hemorandxim for hr. E. A. Iamm
of some private detective in New York City. This conviction took place in 19110, and
the other developments outlined above reportedly happened shortly thereafter prior tothe breach in GermanIh1ssian relationsgk
also mentioned that Hrs. Kent had sent a radio commentator, named 575
- Ian Ros . e, to London to look into the entire Kent case. Reportedly l.1cFarl ane 0I has "established" that Kent was railroaded and that his conviction was not justifiable.
Reportedly he has since cone hack to the count:-y and has made his ndings available
to Senators Nye, Wheeler, Reynolds and Shipstead. However, 1.£cFarlane is said to feel
- that his physical safety i in uestion and, therefore, h_ i _ r,92o_t-rinolined £0 make hisndings public. 1 r-aaa="7rf- T1- if"°i $¢'f'"";1F""-Sr-}j»*:j : I I;/11_,'~§_1'_/-~;-J .§ot:_4,. 4' -Ki _<
Q - In talking further made it clear that although he was
;. ' introduced to this matter Now Movement he personally is not
'~ a. pacifist. However, he clear that he is bitterly opposed to the
__ -_ current Administration and apparently he feels that America's involvement in-. the
> i '_ present irar is not __*]ustiiiable.92L_ _
; o At the and of the mtem tated that Hrs. Kent is now attempting
; = to raise $50,000 in order to secure s the copies of uestion . Q L1_ . and thereby "expose this deplorable affair." According w ms rather
subtle at this point and although he did not really solicit s, e sugges ed that the _
1 Ford Company might be interested in contributing the "paltry" sum oi $15,000 to a fund, 92
the purpose of which would be to secure the cablegrams and thereby expose this entire
, alleged situation. K
tea that ne gav no encouragement vmatsoever and tore
n any situation of this t ' wro e yp 'was to blackmi1. thereafter discussed t 'ait 57¢of the Ford Comp IF 0 structed that a copy o memo um Q
ble to the FBI at Detroit in order that the Ford Company uld go on record
as having no part in this p1an¢924,
1
F As to the this entire affair, it is notedy
cording to who t over this discussion withE c>d_n.f ted tba 5 interested or a peri 0mereafte de an appointment be intervilewred 5' an official of
the Ford Comp -.-1 , . bl
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Eiemoranchzm for Er. E. A. Tamm _ ' _s . J¢7 ._
C
' Relative to the Peace Now Movement, it is noted that in connection with the -"
imresiigation previously information has been received from time to time that the leaders"
of the group are very much interested in the Tyler Kent case and are of the opinion that
Kent was unjustifiably convicted. They apparently believe that if they can make an
"expose" showing that this was the case and that Mr. Churchill and Hr. Roosevelt "con- 92_ t_-,s' ' ' " ' """ " ' gained in behs.1:i if * "cifist movement,"¬fspires to cause tne war E great been can oeeventually resulting in a negotiated peace. In contrast to interest in the
matter which seems to be entirely political,' it deaitely a t the Peace Now
movement's interest is that of promoting pacism. __ . , A
5;, '
Fif
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a . ,_. ;
Iemorandum for lit. E. A. Ta..':1I:|
'1
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Although nothtn appears in the Bureau's files tending to substantiatethe allegations d lirs. Kent that young Kent was "railroaded" for
political reasons, 0 ed that an article which appeared in the November 12, 19141,
edition of the Washington Times-Herald states that at about that time a heated '
discussion was engaged in in the British Parliament relative to the Kent case. This
article indicates that some members of the Parliament asserted that the Kent case had
definitely shown that Hr Churchill had one "behind the back of Prime 1-finister . I E
Chamberlain" in communicating with Mr. Roosevelt at
Embassy .
hereto for your information. Mr. Baez-man also
Rankirs speech made before the House of Representativesthe American
is attached jg-K
a copy of Miss .-
8,A copy of this article was furnished
au's files are reflective of no hformation which can be identified H _
with b1 _ 1
ACTION: ~
A5 indicated, the above-set-forth data is brought to your attention for
informative purposes. This information is not being disseminat o outsi a enand . . . .sno specific investigation pertaining to the efforts o nof the type outlined above d the Bureau. reau in connec .'H-'/'with its investigation 0 and the Peace Now Movement, will "b
probably receive addition in orma ncerning this matter if these individuals "
continue their activity toward an issue of the so-called Tyler Kent case 'and in that event any further data of significance will immediately be brought to
_ your attention. '
AttachmentRe spe ctfully,
D. d. 92
92
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J 1 ' F3051 . - D0"-. __ ,,- _ _- . . _, 'o1"i1cE or DIRECTOR, FERAI: BUREAIB OF INVESTIGATION 1
OFFICIAL INDICATED BELOW BY CHECK MARK
1 ._1,__ ___ _ -L _ _ W»? __ ,_ " Tm ';:::::: 3% -
Mr. egg _____________________ _Mr. Coffey ________ _________ ___ g 92/ -vb C.¢-1-vv --
Mr. Glavin _______________ ___ '
Mr. Ladd _____________________ __ "'7 ->"92l/A-y-|.4 ,.v,_,----- V92<-it ' '
Mr. Tracy __________ ____Mr, Carson _________________ ,*1/kf $Mr. Handon __________________ _ "M1" -T0595 _-_--____----_;_-____ cl-»% vn. ¢'.-<l'1J-G/.1
»"liiI »i3E¥aea'i::;;;1i1-1:11-11i '5"'5>'= W M MiMr. Quinn Tamm _____________ ' Z: '
Hr. Nease _________________ ____ ! _
Miss Gandy _______i______ !Q4_, 92%_ _
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599 M9 .__---;_..----:--_.--__.. 1% 2 qt t ' '
Note and Return ____
Remarks: " I' ,
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1',*%.~;:g_1,'=.%#B% , { ""' M
ENCLOSURE A 92
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PROCEEDINGS mp DEBATES or trna 7 7" coivsasss, SECOND SESSION
some Queshons About Pearl Harbor
_ , - = nmanams
Na£Al§§li?n@§.@L.
' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, December 8, 1942
' Miss RANKIN of lidontana. Mr.
Speaker, we have been at war a year.
During that time the American people
have had abundant opportunity to take
stoci. of the Nation's situation and to
raise a large number of pertinent ques-
tions, not out of any spirit oi disunity
but in-arm belief that the Nation's wel-
fare requires a -vigilant exercise oi the
traditional American right oi free in-quiry. - '
As a Member -ex Congress who voted
-against the declaration oi war on De-
cember 8, 1941, I wish to take advantage
of this anniversary occasion to insert
Into the Riconp a number of historically
signicant documents bearing upon the
hitherto obscure antecedents of the Pearl
Harbor attack and to raise a few ques-
tions or my own as to the meaning oi
certain activities which led up to-that
attack.
Pearl Harbor was the greatest thun-
derbolt in American history. -It is proper
to inquire, indeed, whether any responsi-
ble American source foresaw the Japa-
nese attack. In this regard I wish to
present the following remarkable state-
ment, amounting .to a prediction, irnm
the Christian Century magazine or No-
vember 19, l9413 weeks prior to the
Japanese attack-page 1433: '
It in no secret that the whole colonial
structure of the white empires is threatening
to fall apart I-mien we intervene Ln Asia.
Many British leaders would welcome Ameri-
can involvement with Japan. ' '. ' Bo
the thesis or Bldney Rogerson's pre-war hock
Propaganda in the Next War-1.hst the
surest way Britain can bring the United
States to her aid will he to involve us in war
with Japanis being validated by events.
Show me the motive, and Ill show you
the criminal," was a favorite saying of
Sherlock Holmes. Here we have an 'ap-_
parently well-dened motive and also a
suggestion as to the intended method of
realization. '
What does Mr. Roeerson, who is an
English author, have to say specifically
about the plans 0! the British lmi>¢11H-1-' !lo__pei-auade illith;-_ "l ,;_:,'_
.zen, beiore the Republic will again WE? rms
i OHS. ,9$l>Bt-1&1-ii in the case oi_ nationssevere at" es§entlal''7' iiiatei~1ar=~?*-eras" "ists? no book,Pr0D&E&!1d in the Hm
War, published in London in 1938 as one
oi!___a series__oi books on The _l:iext'_V_V_aredited by me Well-l£I10w'I1,Wl'ltcr, Uapu.
Liddell Hart, was banned from eXp01't '10
America by th" British cens0rshiP inman...4.eo ' ~ e r '
the Library oi Congress, however, and
pow reposes in the rare-book room. On ,
page 148 Mr. Rogcrson makes this ad- 1
mission as to the plans of the Britisnirn- i
perialists: _' . _'._
The United Sta'tes '-" .}_, . _ '- .
to take our partwill be much more dimcuit ,
1ei4= ' - . 1
so dilcult is to be unlikely to succeed. J §
will need a denite threat to America a
threat, moreover. which -will have~to be
brought home by propaganda to every citi-
in an external quarrel. The position _will,~
nnizuraiiyfoe considerably eased it Japanwere W
involved and this might and probably would i
bunghllrncrlca in without-further ado. <At
any rote, it would be n natural and obvious '
object or our prcpagandista to achieve '-thin, ii
Just as during the Great War they succeeded 1
in embroiling the United States with Ger;
In'other_ words, B years before Pearl
Harbor, Britain's imperialists had gured
out just how to bring the United States .
once more to their aid. i . e .'
But exactly how was Japan to be em- i
broiled Iwiththe United States? -There
is no better way of goading e nation into -
W5-I 1'-11811.5? imposing economic sanc-
deed, at the very time Mr. R-ogerson was
writing his revealin book, the phrase economic sanctlon.%-gniean war"an
echo from the League -'_.i~lations' threatto Italy in 1937-was giiligh everybody'slips. If Britain were " oly to inducethe United States to §;i»§ommercial_
relations with Japan, w_ -'_ -Zextremely.dependent upon importrilfiggsmaterials
in exchange for silk and,a92ii;hui'actures
for the continuance of her écphdmic life,
would not that sulce? -1* 1
Is there any evidence of el ,1! cic
occasion on which the B1'1tish- -
ment sold this policy of econo ' - .1
tions against Japan to the Rooseve d- iministration? In the Lees Home Jour-
nal of July 1942, page _ , in-an _article_
entitled "How War Came," Forrest Davisi-
and Ernest K. Llnd1eyan intimatefriend of the President»-make the lol-
[Qwing signicant revelation: _
When they '
President Roosevelt and Prime Min-
ister_Chu.rchiiJ. _
met in s Newioundiand night tor the Atlantic
GOD! 111108, ' ;.l1i 15!! U El. c
issue head-on. He asked the President--as
the British, Australians, and Dutch repeatedly
had besought fthia Government beiorc--to
: join in an ultlmative declaration toiapan.
Now, an ultimatum is aden-land ac!
oompanied by a threats; It -sets up ax -
dilemma: Do so and so-=01 else. In_
this case the-punitive alternatIve'»to'be_'
oered to Japan was consist, as we -
shall see,-of an economicblockade-4-in
other words, sanctionsan admitted I
provocation to'_wa.r. - _- l
But of what demand was the_ultima- :
tum itself--the rst horn oi the dilemma "
to be oered to J9-DP-11-to consist? And i
what evidence do we have that President -
Roosevelt actually accephed Mr.Church- '
ii1s Atlantic conference" request- that
such an ultimatum be sent? _ "_ .' 1- K
There seems to be excellerit'_eviderice
that such an ultimatum was sent by
President Roosevelt, No less an apolo-
gist for the aclministrati0ns foreigr pol-
icy than Mr. new Luce, editor of -Time,
Life, and Fortune, has admitted both '
that President Roosevelt served such an
ultimatum on Japan, and that it was the
'-sending-oi this ultimatum which -re-
suited in the Pearl Harbor attalck. Mr.
Luce alleges that the ultimatum was
sent out of America's love for China, but.ina.smuclna.ai.t..wa.a.sen.t.a.t..Mr»Churah- i .-1ll's instigation at a time when Britain?
desperately needed an ally in Europe as
well as in the Orient and not at the be-
ginning of-the Sine-Japanese war, din-mg whichaindeed we continually sent to
apan both oil and scrap iron, may not
he American public wonder whether
_ was the interests of- the British Em-
ire in the Orient which were primarily
'_ " stake? Here is Mr. Luce's historic
drnission, as found in Life magazine tor
-lumen. 1942. Page so: -
The Chinese, for whom the United States
_had delivered the ultimatum that brought onPearl Ha:-boi~ "_ "
Expected large lend-lease shipments,
and so iorth. -
Just what was the wording of the ul-
timatum, then, since its existence is ad-mitted? " '
. 1
.13 -i
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1'21: ., U25" In
L-.'*.i'.'E?§§, .-i3 ~'?-"%¥3° §¢g CONGRESSIONAL aecoao
3'A perusal of the Department of State
bulletins covering the period from the
Atlantic Conference of August 12, 1941,
to the attack on Pearl Harbor, December
'7, 1941, discloses only a single item re-
lating to Japan-a brief mention oi repa-
triation of American and Japanese na-
tionals in the bulletin of October 11,
1941, page 276though this weekly
journal of the State Department was re-
plete with even trivialities regarding
other countries during this period, thus
indicating that the American people
were not being folly informed as to the
negotiations with Japan. On December
15, 1941, a week after Pearl Harbor, Pres-
ident Roosevelt released a message to
Congress purporting to cover the negoti-
ations with Japan.
While candid admission that any of
the communications sent Japan consti-hwto Tfivnni-92 in r1 f. rnnrin H101941, it becomes proper to ' inquire,
From whom are these statistics being
concealed?"
As a. Member of Congress, I was, of
course, able to exercise my congressional
prerogative of securing tms data ircm
an administrative department. Because
of its allegedly condential nature, I can-
not, how ever, re". aal it at this time.
However, a perusal of other sources
throws considerable light upon the ex-
tent to which the Roosevelt administra-
tion invoked economic sanctions against
Japan in the months between the Atlan-
tic Conference and the attack upon Pearl
Harbor. For instance, in the New York
Times of August 17,1941, page 7, we read:
Vice President Wa1.1.Ac!. the chairman-
Of the Economic Defense Board
today confirmed reports that this group was
already working on projects tor exertingO--.-I, an - -. 1' c--...~Committee on July 24, 1941, as reported
in the Department of State Bulletin of
July 26, 1941, page I2, and also in the
Saturday Evening Post of February 7,
1942, page 26: - -
How, if we cut the oil ct, they
The Japanese-- _ ,1,
probably would have gone to the hum-5' last
Indies a year ago, and you would havebad
war. ;
Whereupon, immediately after theAt-
lantic Conference of 2 weeks later, Mr.
Roosevelt proceeded to invoke these self-
acknowledged war-producing sanctions.
Was it not strange that Mr. Roosevelt,
who, by refusing for years to enforce the
Neutrality Act of 1936 to prevent ship-
ments oi war supplies to Japan lespitc
popular demand, had largely contributedto supplying that nation with $e raw
materials for the armament no ihein;
requirement made on September 3, 1941,
that Japan accept the principle of "non-
disturbance oi the status quo in the Pa-
cic" as detailed in the Department of
State Bulletin of December 20, 1941, page
538, apparently constituted the E151. of
the Roosevelt administration's demands.
"This requirement was the equivalent
to asking Japan to guarantee the invin-
lateness of the white empires in the
Orient, of which the British E'|;npi.1'8 com-
Prised approximately 90 percent in both
area and population. The American
people would have been gratied had
President Roosevelt demanded assur-
ance that Japan respect the territorial
integrity of the Philippines, to whom
we had agreed to grant independence in
1946, but the American public may well
wonder where President Roosevelt got
the authority to conduct our foreign af-
fairs as if Congress did not exist -
to quote one of my colleagues-and to
commit American lives, fortunes, and
prestige to securing a guaranty for Brit-
ish and Dutch imperial interests in the
0rientirrespective of the merits of
those interests.
Later, more specic guaranties were
demanded of Japan as to China, Indo-
China, and so forth.
Concurrently, Japan was presented
with the other horn of the dilemma
hatched at the Atlantic conference;
namely, economic sanctions of ever-1n-
creesing severity.
What is the evidence that the Roose-
velt administration, which had frozen
Japanese assets in this country as early
as July 25, 1941, rapidly accelerated its
economic strangulation of Japan fol?-
lowlng the Atlantic conference? _.;l
To secure an aceiuate statistical an-
swer, I applied to both the Department of
State and the Department of Commerce,
asking for month-by-month gures on
American exports to Japan in 1941. To
my surprise, I received from both De-
partmehts an identical response: Be-
cause of a special Executive order. sta-
tistics on trade with Japan beginning
with April 1941 are not being given out."
Inasmuch as the Japanese certainly
know what they received in the way of
goods from the United States throughout lIn other words, in less than a week
after the Atlantic Conference the ma-
chinery of economic sanctions was set-
ting uhder way. -
Six weeks later the economic strin-
gency in Japan had become acute, as we
read in the New York Times of October
24, 1941, page 36:
Japan: raw-material shortage has been
aharply aggravated and her industrial activ-ity seriously disrupted by the cessation of her
trade with important foreign countries, the
Department 0! Commerce reported today.
Ship movements and trade between Japan
and the United States, the British Empire,
and the Netherlands Indies, it is pointed out.
have become virtually nonexistent, '
By December 2, 1941--5 days before
Pearl Harbor--we read in the New York
Times of that date, page 6:
Japan has been cut oi! from about 75 per-
cent or her normal imports as a result oi the
Allied blockade, the National Industrial Con-
Ierence Board reported yesterday. In an
analysis entitled "The Eects oi the Allied
Economic Blockade on Japan." the Board
asserted that despite the drastic restrictions
imposed by that Government to stretch out
available supplies. the blockade may ulti-mately provo disastrous. ' '
"Premier Hldeki T010 of Japan dispatched
the Kurusu mission to Washington because
Japan today is on the verge of economic col-
lapse ' ' '," Contemporary china, tort-
nightly digest at the Chinese News Service,
Inc., stated yesterday.
A week before the attack on Pearl
Harbor I asked 8. prominent non-Jap-
anese oriental! r"
Is the sitttion in the Pacino as serious as
it appeara?*;"- F Yes- '_.-
He rep {£835-_ _it is serious:--Japan has no choice but to go
to war or to submit to economic slavery for
the rest of her existence.
'[l§e92question remains, Did Presidentl}0o$eve1t realize that economic sanc-_ons mean war" at the time he appears
M have adopted Mr. Ch"..rch...i"s sugges-
tion to impose them as the punitive
alternative for his ultimatum to Japan?
It is hard to see how he could have
failed to realize this, inasmuch as he
himself had made the following state-
ment to the Volunteer Participationuse against our own roops, a ter e
Atlantic Conference when an incident
with Japan seems to have been desired,
suddenly changed his policy and not only
cut on war supplies but virtually every
thing required by the civilian population
of Japan as well?
As a member of the President's own
party, Congressman HATTOH W. Strmuzas,
of Texas, chairman of the House Judi-
ciary Committee, remarked in a letter to
the Saturday Evening Post, published in
that periodical on April 4, 1942, page 26:
We have been a very foolish people, which
has made it possible for ' ° ' politicians
to get away with murder. This blaming the
Pearl Harbor tragedy on the treachery or the
Japs is like the fellow who had been tickling
the hind leg or a mule trying to explain his
bunged-up condition by blaming the mule _
tor having violated his condence.
Astounding as the Pearl Harbor attack
was to the American public as a whole, if
it was anticipated by the administration
why did the President permit our forces
at Pearl Harbor to be taken by surprise?
Even if a Japanese attack was desired,
certainly no one desired a successful
attack. . _'
The answer seems to be that every-
thing possible was done to warn our
forces at Pearl Harbor of the extreme
likelihood oi attack. According to the
report of the Roberts commission on the
facts of the Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor, Admiral Kimmcl and Lieutenant
General Short, who were in charge of
the Hawaiian area. were sent repeated
warnings by the War and Navy Depart-
ments.
Thus we read in the text of the Rob-
erts report, as given in Senate Document
No. 159, pages 6-9, and also in the New
York Times of January 25, 1942, page 30,
that-
On October 16, 1941. the commanding gen-
eral, Hawaiian department, and the com-
mander in chief oi the eet were advised by
the War and Navy Departrnents or ' ' '
the possibility or an attack by Japan.
Another warning was sent on Novem-
ber 24. 1941.
The Roberts report continues:
On November :1, 1941, the cniehor Stat!
of the Army informed the commanding gen-eral, Hawaiian department, that ' ' '
»_O ,
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7 -.
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hostilities on the part or Japan were mo
mental-ily possible. ° ' ° On the same
day-
November 2'7, 1941-
the Chiei of Naval Operations sent a message
to the commander in chic! of the Pacic
Fleet, which stated in substance that the dis-
patch was to be considered a war warn
ing ' ' ' that Japan was expected to
make an aggressive move in the next Iew
days.
Additional Warnings were sent Novem-
ber 28, November 29, November 30, De-
cember l, December 3, December -i. De-
cember 6, and December 7the last one
arriving in Hawaii arter the Japanese
onslaught had begun.
Thus, we see that for 2 weeks prior to
the Pearl Harbor attack almost daily
warnings had been sent, not to mention
less frequent precautionary dispatches
earlier. _What more could have been
L-J-.-
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Qn uUdone in ié'Tr§y' of"wa.rn1l1g§ is'li¬ir
to see. Indeed, do not the frequency,
urgency, the very wording oi these warn-
ings, indicate in themselves that the
Pearl Harbor attack came as no surprise
whatever to the President?
Why, then, were our forces taken un-
awares ecember 7, 19-ii? Apparently
simply because a deep-rooted and tradi-
tional sense of overcondence insulated
"our Pacic commanders from taking
these warnings seriously.
Has Prime Minister Churchill ever ad-
mitted attempting to get the United
States into this war?
Yes; quite frankly-s.i'ter we were in.
Why was it that previously he said he
wanted only the "tools"? In February
1942, in a speech delivered before the
House of Commons in an effort to save
administration at the time of the fall
of Singapore, this boast was wrung from
him-as reported in the New York Times
of February 16, 1942, page 6:
When I survey and compute the power of
the United States and its vast resources and
feel that they are now in it with us, with
the British C-ommonwealih oi! Nations all
50329'04-1-lltogether, however long it lasts till death or
victory I cannot believe that there is any
other Iact in the whole world which can com
pare with that This is what I have dreamed
oi, aimed at, and worked Ior, and now it has
come to pass
A blunt acknowledgment, surely
Has either Mr Churchill or Mr Roose
velt ever 8.Cl{1'i0W1Eg8Cl that the Atlantic
conference was the specic occasion of
their efforts to get the United States into
the war by embroiling us with Japan°
It is hard to see what else the fol-
lowing admission from Mr. Churchill's
speech in Parliament, January 28, 1942-
as reported in the New York Times of
that date, page 10can be called:
I1; has been the policy or the Cabinet at
almost all costs to avoid embroilment with
Japan until we were sure that the United
States would also be engaged. ' ' 'Ontthe other hand, the probability sing;CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
_G_..___.the A a_ntic_c_on{ex;ence_. a; which I discuss
these matters with President Roosevelt, that
the United States, even it not herself at-
tacked, would come into the war in the Far
East and thus make the nal victory assured.
seemed to allay some of these anxieties, and
that expectation has not been falsied by the
events.
T'nis.wouid seem to indicate that not
only did President Roosevelt accede to
Churcl1ills pressure to send an ultima-
tum to, and impose sanctions upon,
Japan but made a blanket commitment
to bring America into the war even if
Japan did not attack.
A very curious piece oi evidence ap-
peared in the Saturday Evening Post of
October 10, 1942, page 9. in an article by
Lt. Clarence E. Dickinson, United States
Navy, entitled I Fly For Vengeance."
Lieutenant Dickinson relates:
On this cruise we had sailed irom I-earl
Harbor on November 2B
1941--»
under absolute war orders. Vice Admiral
Wm. F. Halsey, J12, the commander of the
aircraft battle iorce, had given instructions
that the secrecy of our mission was to be
protected at all costs. We were to shoot4
3
down anything we eaw in the airy and to
bomb anything we saw on the sea. In thatwn thorn nnld has nc !nc92lI 4-A 91-m 1.-"1-_ .,..y, ..__... -o..... .,., ...... ... ... .,,.,,.,
Could such orders have been issued by
Vice Admiral Halsey except by specic
direction from the Commander in Chief,
namely, the President of the United
States?
In other words, ii Lieutenant Dickin-
son's account is true, did not the Presi-
dent at least 9 days before the Japanese
attack on Pearl Harbor, without a dec-
laration of war, authorize an identical
attack upon the Japanesea.lso without
a declaration oi war?
Today approximately 1,000,000 Ameri
can boys are" ghting from three to
eight thousand miles away from home.
The American people are willing to
struggle for the four freedoms" but we
realize that we must retain them at home
it we are going to give them to others.
Exercising our traditional right oi Ireé
speech and free inquiry, we are going to
continue to ask and to seek answers to
all questions as they arise.
When are we going to get the full story
oi what happened at the Atlantic Con-
ference? We aka tor it then and ask
for it now. .
When President Roosevelt had so per-
sistently refused to enforce the Neutrality
Act against Japan when public opinion
denitely demanded it, why did he so
suddenly change his policy at the Atlan-
tic Conference?
A year ago, one of my congressional
colleagues, having observed for months
the adroitness with which President"
Roosevelt had brought us ever closer to
the brink oi war in the Atlantic only to
be continually frustrated in the nal
step by a reluctant Congress, seeing fate
present the President on December I,
1941, with a magnicent moral categori-
cal, right out oi the bluea casus belli
beyond all criticismexclaimed in de-
spair: What luck that man has!"
But was it luck?
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1--' ,. ii oosevelijs Reprove.A Churchill a
,,_ , _______7_m. ______ _ _.92» _ .
, Had the wife of any other President than Mr. Roose-92
veit publicly reproved the head of a government with
which we were allied in war, it would have beenlcertainiy
:2 national and probably an international scantlai.
ii When Mrs. Frankiin D1 Roosevelt
at a public press conference reproves
Hidritish Prime Minister Winston
if-92Churchi11i it hardly surprises Amer-
_icah;though we dont yet know
how it affected Britons. Americans
are used to Mrs. Roosevelt zipping
around the v:-.!rld aboard Army
bombers and leaving a. trail of in-
discretions in her wake. ;
She does these things apparently
because she feels that she was
elected co-President with her hus-
Mn; Franklin D_ ' band, or at the least First Assistant it
Roosevelt . President. As a matter of fact, she pl
was never elected to any office. _
This latest indisicretion of Mrs. Roosevelt's was her
Tuesday press conference remark, ,/regarding Mr.
Churchills friendly attitude towarc}-Ii/Spain, that Mr.
Churchill has thought E certain way rm-"so years, and I
dont think he wants to change the way he has thought
for 60 years."
That is to say that Mr. Churchill is a marble-headed
old zfogy who had learned all he was destined ever to ;
learn by the time he was nine years of age.
What had irked Mrs. Roosevelt was Mr. Ghurchills
discussion of Spains persistent neutrality in his Com-
mons speech a few days ago. Mr. Churchill said in sub-
stance that when Britain was on the hot spot in 1941-42
Franco had neither seized Gibraltar nor let Hitler send
soldiers through Spain to seize Gibraltar. This, though
Franco was obligated to Hitler and Mussolini for help1/
Nb{DC 1-e gg Mr
ELI-
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.
Mr
Mr
Mr
Mr
Mr
Mr
Mr
Mr
Mr
Miss GandyCoffey
GlavinmOLad I
Nic o GP
Rosco '
Tracy
Ii-lohr
Carson .
Harbo
Hendon "'
Mumford
Jones
Quinn 'Tamm__
Nease '
¢92l
l ..ill
1
furnished his rebel army in the Spanish Civil War. Mr.I H! IX[iiD_92
I
| Churchill said that you naturally feel: some gratitude
toward a man who refrained from knocking you down =
when he could have knocked youdown.
A few hours.after Mrs. Roosevelt uttered about Mr.lI w U1 |
K.1.
92
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1-1' 92 l-| M "_entirely too much material, such as wolfram,_ir-
' - »--- niany. Wolfram, according to the Standard Dictionary,
is ! tungstate. of iron and manganese Fe, Mn! W04 . . .
a source of tungsten; or ! same as tungsten. Mr.
Churchill may have some kindly feelings toward Spain,
but Spains conduct continues unsatisfactory to Mr.
Roosevelt.
' Q U I
What these twin Roosevelt reprovals to Ivir. Churchill
may indicate is that the Allied triumvirate--the United
States, Britain and Russia-is already beginning to go
the way of most triumvirates. Two of
Triumvircile $119 ij.1iI_1'[r92_Vl1$ usually get together to
. - . nudge the third out of power andSpin Begins p1_eStige_ -
The Allies have not yet won the war. Indeed, we
are told daily that the fiercest fighting is yet to be
done. But already the Roosevelts are veering this
nation toward Russia and away from Britain.
Why they are doing so is not hard to figure out.
Spain continues neutral because it bled itself white
and half-starved in its civil war of 1936-39 and its
people want peace at almost any price. In that war.
Russia helped the Spanish Communists, just as Italy
and Germany helped the Spanish conservatives. This
is made evident in Ernest Hergingwafs For Whom
the Bell Tolls. The Reds and their fellow trégelers have a mortal
hatred for Franco, Spains cur nt dictator, because
he won the Spanish War and the Communists lost it.
The Reds and their fellow travelers in this country
are all-out for a fourth term for Roosevelt, as you can
see by a glance at any of their publications. The
reddish CIO has started a fourth-term drive into which
it openly says it will put several million dollars of the
members money.
Hence, it is smart politics for Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt
to take public raps at Spain and at anybody--Mr.
Churchill included-wl1o says a kind word in public
for the 1.-:ar=ruined Spanish people. That will help
keep the domestic Reds and fellow travelers in line
for the fourth term. -'
What it will do to the Allies postwar plans is another
Question. Those plans now are, at least in public. for
Britain, the United States, Russia and China to run
the world as benevolent big powers--despite Mrs.
Roosevelts other foolish remark at her Tuesday press
conference about every United Nation in the world
having an actual voice in postwar world government.
How could Belgium and Russia have a veto on each
other after the war? c -' '
- ' Copyright, 1.944, News Syndicate C0., Inc.!
ii:-=51 ;_ __-- _:,- --F" -_- 7 ~
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TO ' = THE DIRECTOR
suegscn92. mom = 13-11. Ladl /}
L.! ID/92TE= December5 19}? » in 5 M To o. E. :.n'l!a::n___
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->-l9292lUI. 'rra=¥_" 'CITIUHEganurne aHLFDO-373" < Br . Handohi-__'_While talking to Senator idges on other matters, he stated IES'[ $F ¥mE" '-
that while he was in Europe the past summer that he had had a privateIf ,__Tale. RoomIn-. Nasal
conference with Churchill, that Churchill was very much concerned about mggggliiiii
the Russian picture and stated that the only salvation for the civi1izat"f6"' ' '_"
of the world would be if the President of the United States would declare
Russia to be imperiling world peace and attack Russia.
He pointed out
I
done, Russia will attack
she gets the atomic bomb
years.
"7 Bridges stated
awn! 1r 1-an-nna -I-1-92n+. r-nn~IL 92-OJ-J I-l~92ItI-III 92Il-l§I92l YQ-L
United States.
DL£L:da
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___ _ V__V ____that ii an atomic bomb could be dropped on the Kremlin
wiping it out it would be a very easy problem to handle the balance OI Russia, u
' which would be without direction. Churchill n-ther stated that if this was not
the United States in the next two or three years when
and civilization will be wiped out or set back many
1 . .-@/1/,'/"." r. ,-' J /92/ L1that he con on-s ir>phurch:1_11's views and that he
next President 1.-.-ill do just that before Russia at-tacks
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an Red
HAChFORD ar_rival_ -of 50».-let Vice Foreignat ' ' .. . _ _, . .
received new instiuc l
Teheian to place the
spute with SOV1¬lZ Rue
ed Nations.
erday the Iranian Ambas
dorr~5eyedQIaasan aqulz
he. assembly that h might
Iranian Russian quarrel for
one consideration 11 an
etween the tuo countries
ous Ulla-5 among the big
ncl the mam for the $35,000
cletazy general post in the
to la gm shortly after the..-=1
Tiffmi /
arr Carr£5pQ1:de1}t n-nssemvlslnnsl-.1 from Moscow
ction of a secietary geneiai can-N Jan 16The Iran
atlon d.lSC1OS¬d todayl
s
1Seiedidete will he the first substantive ls-
sue before the new Security Council,
which meets Thursday ior the first
time. -
Actual election of the secretary gen-
eral is by the General Assembly. but
it must be done on recommendation of
the Security Council. Seven of the 11
council members must approve the rec-ummendation, h_-rcluding all the Big
Five. ' - - i 1 J;-' '_":."~-' eGen. Yisenhov.-er. gllurchill and An-_th0ny*§<192':n are amo g the world g-
uresrnentioned for the job.
n m°"9 Tan °°921 tei' W 97' Eisenhower doesn't want it. The
bl? P° "*"$ t° 3'19 ? °° lritish Labor government opposes
ues out of the first As uncnthused about
also is British op-
but less than toChurchill, who is
it. anyway. There
position to Eden,
Churchill. _The Russians are understood to favorStanoje_§imic. Yugoslav Ambassador to
J4 ,.ii; , I 4.
3.3439 N93 O}-
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Washington. Other groups pr:Lester B.92iearson, Canadian Mirto Washin on. "
British officials held private co:
ences today to crystallize their view
the candidates. They have aband
their belie! that the secretary ge1] should come Irom a small count
posslb1eI
The British approached the pro
cautiously. for they believed it r
be fatal. to the UNO if one or thl
Five was forced to use its veto!
on the secretary general issue. =
Today's plenary sessions had :
prospect or excitement. and dale
looked ahead toward the speech byeign Secretar392¬e92*irl tomorrow. Bsources said h would deal wittlmandate question in some detail
ll will not offer to put Palestine _l
UNO mandate. they said, oecaus
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{ Vice _l-oreign, Com- i
'3ffi'om MOSCOW.
c:--taxygeneral can- ,
first substantive ls-
_ cw Security G01.inCl1,Jprstlay _i0l the 15:i
~_ r.: the secretary gen-
_._-neral Assembly, but
_- .1 rezommendation of
1; rcil. Seven of the 11" E-ust approve the rec-
'.-iudzng all the B13
' .'ii=l.'.:.M ,
» Churchill and An-_;
'.?'..mg the world fig-
-: the Job.
'_ .;nt want it. The
' goi-crmnent opposes;
5 '.lenth'['lS¬d about
_.- also is British op-1
I UNOs
Washington. Other groups propose
Lester B. "arson, Caneasn Ministerto Wasmligtgn. '
British officials held private confer-
ences today to crystallize their views on
the candidates. They have abandoned
their belief that the secretary general
should come irom a small country if
pbsslbleiThe British approached the problem
cautiously, for they believed it might
be fatal to the UNO if one or the Biz
Five was forced to use its veto power
on the secretary general issue.
Today's plenary sessions had slight
prospect of excites-ent, and delegates
looked ahead toward the speech by For-eign Secretarwei-in tomorrow. Britishsources said h would deal with the
mandate question in some detail. He
will not offer to put Palestine under
UNO mandate, they said. because thex. :7! _
Anglo-American Commission is still in- j
ve-stigating the question.*.g_F;,.§_'_ I
The Iranian delegati0n _will rpeet to-
day to decide wliether,to_raise the is-
sue of relations with_1;RuE_ siai the
General Assembly .or to-present it to
the newly created Security Council.
The new instructions 'from.'-Teheransuperseded thersneech of Tgluizadehyesterday -in~which_he_ res ed the
right to raise the issue it the big powers
tailed to solve the Soviet-Iranian prob-
lem at this sqsion ot the Assembly.
' Taqu.izacleh_ said the di-
rective from his allowed
the delegation-here*to
to raise the matte_r§]:eIoresembly or otherwise."""
Only theof the
Iran fromache
p1'OVid8S that any member of the
itlnited Nations may bring any dispute
or situation which might lead to inter-
national. friction to the attention of
the Assembly or Security Council. -
COUNCIL MEETS TOMORROW V
The rst Security Council meeting
was scheduled for tomorrow. But the
Iranian issue was not likely to be raised
at that time. The session was expected
to be devoted'to preliminary organize-_.
tion and opening statement. ""
The first step under the charter for
the Council would be to recommend to
.; the parties that they try to settle their
*0differences by neg0t1at1onarn:tratiim,
judicially, by regional agencies or at
irangements, or other peaceful mean:' o it their wn
big powerscharterru.isigE;_l_'l_e7 , -but less than .t0|
'. e c;.|92'lerst0Od to favor
' gosiav Ambassador to
i. UL. H I-.1
1 CC FEBis/ti s s
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WASHIEIGTOPI AILY NEWS '
January 1 , , 1946 l *" -'-a.-1---Q--_
. "".
I Tuioon 5
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l HERE are tinl ;~9292llEl1 the mere multitude can sit
back and reflect happily 0n_the idea that their
rulers can behave as so many political stumble
bums. Like :1 blood transfusion to the somewhat wasted
Democratic idea comes the proof that the Big Brain in the White
House and his associated ivorld-rulers and global master-minds
are capable of pulling bonehead plays on the political diamoiid
or gaily stepping on banana Peels wliich. litter the path to en-during fame. ____;',.-' '
The Big Brain's associates, Britain's ~.iinston~_Cl92ui'chill and
Pal Joey, Stalin in Moscow have heard the call to leap in andhelp tmion of F.D.R. to a3Q_u1'ili term in the White House.
Wisp and experienced political hzains might haye counseled
that there is d:m;:crp0litical danger for F.D.R. in such an
invasion of the domestic field.
But no! Both Winnie and Pal Joey have jumped into the
family fight and are now hip-deep in the all-out effort to see that
F.D.R. is re-elected next November '7.
The Dewey forces are for the moment holding back their counter-
blastwbut expect it to cut loose at the moment that censorship
permits the revelation that the Iourth term candidate's "good
friend Winston" is within the domestic borders of the United States
during the present campaign.
VB NOTE that Fred Paslcy of this bureau. back from Quebec
where he heard Churchill toss-off the observation about a
Roosevelt-Churchill meeting next year." reports from the White
House that Prime Minister Churchill is "standing-by" at the
moment-and we might add. if all the stories.in the Capital are
true, is "standing very near by."
Now you can't convince the De9292'e_92' u'01'kei's that the fourth
term candidate didn't stage the recent war conference in Quebec
and liasift linked himself up in the popular eye with Britain's
Prime Minister without a sneaking idea in the back oi the White
House brain that all this would work to get votes next November
I and build up his "indispensable man thesis-"aftcr all. I'm
the only one who Sets along with Winnie and Joe Stalin. Dont
spoil the party by sending in it stranger.
AT ALL events, the usually politically shrewd Churchill. willy-
nilly, has now become a, part or our national election cam-
paignand Churchill's part will undoubtedly become greater in
the next few days.
Now at the same time, Pal Joey in Mnscnw is following Churchill's
example and putting in his plugs for F.D.R.-neaf.Lv skating around
any forthright indorsement of the fourth term candidate, but in
lherc punching just the same.
Over in Moscow, Stalin has blown his publicity whistle. told
the Soviet writing boys to follow the thick red line and whoop it
up for F'.D.R.'s re-election by denouncing Dewey and the Republican
party in the Soviet publication. War and the Working Class.
TPHE Stalin contribution to Roosevelt re-election propaganda
Lakes the somewhat wobbly line that all good Communists in
the United States should vote against Dewey because. says Russia-
T 1'-Roosevelt. the Republican party is backed up by the NationalA sociation of Manufacturers, clu Pont, Ford. General Motors anchbrihind these are lined up Fascist elements. ete., etc-.. etc.JtThe reasoning behind the Churchill and Stalin immcdial
c orts to help out Roosevelt's fourth term campaign grate agai-is
fl" I1 "E1105?-1 many points. l3ut_the_y simmer down to the same thingI
5
_ .
.: If 1 - "1 .5. 92/1,,
- 1
. ----.._..,.,,_ / ~. -T- Tolqrm , _
ii. A. Tar-n_m_'__
""111:
"nl'Tey _ ___ _
_- r':1iwi,,,/_92
it .'92L arid _
i r I£irhols,____ _
_r. |'-pas-n _,____
Trliry A _ _ _
.1 Mr. lghr _________ __
i!:.[|_15.n "L
Al:l'_ [!9ndnn _ _ > _ _U
5"-X. J :;i-392'.. - .I ~ l'- i{.lZtlI" l______
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i in TIL". _ l'l.'l1BIlllll____
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W. -I/. ¥7.#- D*< 1! iassililsllf;Z. * .;.,,,
_-We . RY] 3'; o =9-ill
I',92;1
A s
I
Britain's Churchill and Russia.s Stalin have charged into the? cal fight with s. common battle cry; "Frankl1ns our coy. I
OW, politically sneaking, these are not smart tactics and nov-
ever much they please I-.D.R. at the moment, there are ancient
etc-rans in the headquarters of the Democratic National Com-
mittee of the B.H. Before Hillman! variety who now wag theirQ heads ominously.
Now such smart operators in the Roosevelt camp as Comrade
Earl Brcwder of the Communists-ior-Roosevelt ls-igade and
Tovarich Sidney clear it with Sidney! Hillman are Iar too slick
to be trapped into such political fumblinlzs as these recent bobblcs
of Pal-Joey and "my good friend Winston." Not tor a SeCO1'1d.
- .-: 1 r ...-4:" 0:..- r-........:u..- -n_...n.-_.TTP BEFGR. 92- CGng1ESo1Gn4':'.'u .1F|'u'cai,1g.F92uu1g 92.-uluulu.-wilt. Diul-iwlU Browder softly assured his tnquisitors that 98 per cent of
the American people were against communism.
Which suggested that you 5h0ll1dn'l; pay too much attention
to the Communist-backing oi FDR. And Brother I-Iillman. of
course, modestly blushing under the grant of political powerT granted him by F.D.R. at the Chicago convention, denies all *1-srnv-n~~-air-¢ n-Ffi'|¬--ti.-as
VB NOTE today that the official AFL publication. "The Labor
Union Newspaper." returns to its turious attack on the Hill-
ma -l92Iosc09292-Roosevelt tic-up with the blunt charge:
i "To American labor the most disquieting thing about the cm-
] li[H1 Alill Crnfhilfn i H: fP:lr|'l: nnrl llnlnchin -nllinIf Hun H _ _ ______ ______,_ __,__________,_, ._. _._, __._,... ........ ....-......_......b IllllIll92;92j
l with revolutionary communism."
The federation paper. after duly noting that Roosevelt-Lieuterr
ant Hillman last August indignantly denied" that he was a Com-
munist. goes into interesting details of the Russian-born Hi1lman's
close personal relations with Lenin.
It reports the occasion when Hillman. accompanied by Browcler
and Wiiiiain 2.. Foster. made a pilgrimage to Moscow, conferred
with Lenin. and doped out a. scheme for Communist control ofAmerican labor. '
I
THIS attempt failed. But. reports the AFL publication:
"His tHillman's! Soviet sympathies. while slumbering, hav
ever dimmed. They have burst into flame again with the eme
Lgcnce or Russia as a military conquerer under Stalin." ILe..- ._ . .. ~ _ . is----'~ ~
l-iA5HIl$GTON TII 5HERI.LI
MOHNIIJG TDITIO I
, <,w_wt-'_ :7: ~~ ii 77_
sf? -.
40'
1 1
-- l ll ' The questioner then ,
, ii.h.ere are any ]IBVl0ilS i
or a foreign 1-tatesmai
U ,- _ granted si.i1iJf_'L_1j.r:ilitics -' BBC to criticize his own ' orn-I ment" and wlnrllicr thaszgl-yitish
I Qovernmcnt "will offer a. similar.._.____._.._ /.1
__l
_ to Churchil
JISPUTE ENTERS COMMONS
FE
Ionservaiive Asks Whether
Government Knew of BBC
Speech by American
By MA LLORY Bl'tO92VN E
Special to Ta: Nxw Your hull. '
LONDON, April 15_r;r;v1ng
reed the Logan Act, Henry Alfal-____1§ce is sa.tisfied_thath'e_' need pay
I.
04%
3il!iFiYno more attention to talk in the
United States or legal action," it
was said tonight on his behalf.
[The House Committee on
Un-American Activities sug-
gested Monday that liir. Wai-Iace's speeches and act'{ns_
abroad were covered by they _o-
gan_;fl_e_t. This law makes"it a"
crime t deal unauthorizedly
with {orm 'n governments to "in-
fluence th measures or conduct
of any tor ign government ' '
in relation 0 any dispute" with
the United States "or to defeat
the measures" of the United
States]
In Mr. W'allaces opinion, the
law is completely inapplicable" to
his speeches in Britain and he has
no intention of modifying his stay
here or his tour on the Continent
as a result of the mounting furor
against him in the United States,
it was said.
Going to Stockholm
The former Vice President has
frankly acknowledged surprise atth volume of the protest at home.Sine persons who have had an
opportunity to see him in the last
forty-eight hours believe that
jolted more accurately expresses
the eftect on him of the storm ot
criticism in the United States.
Mr. Wallace's attacks on the
Truman Doctrine of confining
communism will come lip in the
House of Commons on Thursday,
after he has left for Stockholm. A
parliamentary question put today
by a Conservative, L. D. Gamrnans,
ing Corporation program on the
thlrt enth of April by Mr. Henr_Waligse, in which domestic andforeign grey of the United States
Governm t was attacked, was
made with the knowledgeaf_ter¥co,nsultation with His llELL Goi or
Maj-Pooh-Poohs Prosecutionmw md ."i -1 I?°. °>' °? PM-opporiunity to any United States
statesman who supports the do-
dent Truman s administration.
Broadcasting tonight to theyUnited States, Mr. Wallace drewul Ramadier will not}
officially or give al.-..eon for him as is oteg Qonfor dislinguishecl guests, it wag
that if Mr. Wallace asked I-I .
l. Ramadier it would be diiiir-an
for the Premier to refuse,
Vincent Auriol, President, of the
iepubllc, is on his way to West
f_fr_ica._ Edouard Hcrriot, who as,
s:_-eiqmmvmcomesF333 t°TllK|'=L- Official circles added
pi parallel between his speaking . gt-gee in Benin and ieste=1§l>i@§lZtu§i i§§ p?§5iZ§,§? ll E-$7hurchill_.<: speaking last year in meted to 503% the Problem, by r"e_i'Fulton lilo. and expressed pained - - - .surprise that some groups in thegna'.'tl']Z'5 m hm mm . town» LY°n»United States wished to suppress ? If e comes to Paris, by retrain '
lcized him for allegedly trying to
ilinfiuence s. foreign government
should have been much more vocal-
in criticizing Mr. Churchill whenthe former Prime Minister spoke.
, Some observers in Britain are
pomparlng Mr. Wallace, not with-
_ . _ -_- _ ,- rson _States ast 3-ea_1._ . LII cesoi L.-ski 1"~!3f and Pierre-Henri Teigcaf i_;>_.-_-ii~~.~' criticizing Foreign Secre Kiting Foreign lillnisie gm!his rl ht t voice his views ab a. E mm P" °iP'* "i=' in formal "=-li It ii dobtcd waeoier this 2%? -gggtfnn; {;§i§§- p ""'* é°d" élgrleoarison will be relish in n. ' .' ' . 5 Pear: 0 {'1-tvir. Wallace's spccchig in Iiglflctigln frrh"-' cauhous atm- de i5 3 result'iH.V¬ not had any sponsorship elm-O messages from Heljlri B9"-"Ft-IJar to that ML Truman gave mnmbassador to Washington, in-~,
Mr. Churchill's Fulton speech. Ac- .f°':lmng.the French G°"'°mme t Jfl
itually Mr. Wallace's main purpose' dg at1°n pr°"'°ked in the Unitedin making the comparison was tostates by MY" Wallace? Visit K0
point out that those who now enu-E '°P°- T113 meesese Peed French:i '
officials in effect tSte 7° Watth theirPfcgsiifi ll]: tllllot t0- Create an im-they were E Unltcd States that.lace and aglziinguiljslde of Mr val Since tn ' ~ °SidcntTrunian.I[3 d0llCFit9I
i
l,'Mr. C chill, but with Prof. Har- been discussed I3 t problem hasFlt! J.¥aski's.tour 5? the Unitgqstales AmhassadoreJVerF1Fen United -
.1
ary B¬Vlii'|.'s policy, as well as the flcll quarters bel' I" some r 1olicy of the United States, aroused Cffery had convegfelijeda t:;.;3 Mwave or resentment against him ffm Washi L . .. _ "E -ot only in the United States buiunofczal char$:f§;]1§l;lai'92l;z;[gwPl:1i~ . I iso in Britain and even in his ovi-r1Hce's visit.
arty, the Labor party.
Mr. Wallace was a guest of vari-
pug British Members of Parliamentist a luncheon today and at a din-92
nor in his honor in the House of
Commons.
Attends Commons Session
LONDON, April 15 trPi - Mr.
Wallace attended a session of the
House oi Commons today and also
discussed scientific farming data
g T e er t e Yorkshire Post
isaid the former Vice President had
la perfect right to speak in Britain.
llcss he can speak freely to all who
are willing to hear?" the Post said.
i"Agaln, the right of public men to
speak regardless of the embarrass
merit. they may cause the Governlment is part of the American tra-
dition, and this tradition is, part
of the wider tradition of American
Iree speech."
, French Olciais Cautiouswith Minister of Agriculture Tom , " _;Williams. i. .- I 7 ,_ -h cons va iv . ' _ _
l How can he hope to heal thefsl Mf92| - -
idifterences dividing the world. un- ' @
Tnilon ...... -.! -..-. A. Tumm-
/ -Ir. Cleilil-------~I _; i - Jr, Glavin92% -a_U11 ...........§,=2_92-92
' Nichols ..._-~ Mr.
i l92ir.
an-. 1wrr' ------ --Roscn .A.... .-
Mr. Carson ___. ..
Mr.
My-_ iurne .... ._
llnrho .___ .7:613! l*192-q»:l{]_ ;A.i! i Lam--M". .1: llhlw-I Hr.
Mr
Mr
,92'lr, Iienrlnn ._..i
I
I_"_Tl_~::- l _ 1*-:92nim:i0n,..__-===I= ,,-_-_*.-Ti'-7 92 Ii . i Qliil-m'!nrnI .Tins is a c 'nping tno_'=m-------page __ ofli:_ _H_;1?-"'§-New York Times for . 1-_{'
i . 1'» ~'~ ~
:'"- I --1 Si1ecie1te.i'|-1: Nrw You Tlmu. _. 1}/
S PARIS. April 15It is under-; * w*:*- 1 '""**f/asks whether a British Broadcast-Food on high authority that the . I C. iChpocr. at the ut ofB
'7."i§iiiit.e,- Cl'iliClit"S92
fililttiliil ior Failing';-- puny-
92 .
0 Fight tor Peace
Says Briton Dcires Not
Confess Conviction
Wor is inevitable
By the Associated Press
c,, 'j"".'rii'92'-'31., April .
fL1.i;¥....tL..i921:ill:icc declared to-
i§_f_l.1li that it was "a great. source
txsorrow to me" that Winston:
'hiirc_ii_i___li was not ghting"ior;
"ace. l
The former American Vice Pres-5
tent and cabinet officer told 1.000
irwegian trades union leaders thati
ii". Churchill "dare not confess pub-
-'l_v the private convictions of li'
lllp that war is inevitable."
"I am not a crypto-Coiiimunis,
ii. Wallace declared. I am a pr
-"'ssh'e story." ' .
tMr. Churchill. addressing a
Conservative Party rally in Lon-
don Friday, described Mr. Wal-
nice as a crypto-Communist."
which he dened as "one who has
not got. the courage to explain
he destination for which he is
making." He said also that Mr.
t./allace was trying to separate
Great Britain frorfi the United
states and to weave her into a
as: system oi Coniniuriist
intrigue which radiates iromi
.92loseow."! _ '
Peace Jilted Fighting Cause.
Mr. Wallace. who arrived in Osl
mi Stockliolm only a few hours
ore he addi-csscrt the union lead-
>~. did not mention Mr. Churchill's?
-inc in notini! that the forrncrg
iiish Prime Mini.=.ters attack out
on had been broadcast. to Norway!. . . i Peace i.-:_iiot. something passive]
'." Mr. Wallace said. "Since'. . . l"ace is a eliting cause, it is a
iiirce of great sorrow to me thal
:-itairis great fighting leader cat
it use his genius in ghting Io.-once. '
"This great man says I will n
weal my ultimate goal. I say
:1 re not confess publicly the private
See WALLACE, Page A-Til
"~/.L/Ifiaifoi-111, appearances and a radi
__ ¢;1n1g from Theodor Brock. tamed%-it/ollece
t . d From l"i:.~t Pri_ar_.l
f<~ii92'ic!ii"-.- -of his group that war is
iiic92'itahle."
Mr. Wallace said Americans wcrc
being described as liysierical in their
Rltililtir toward Rlissia.
"If I knew only what. I read
the Aiiir.l'iCRll press I also Woiild Ii
92y5i.Elif?92l, he said. '.
Praises American Press.
The former cahinet riieniher,
.
best in the world.iaised Ainerican i-cpoi-iei's. saying.
icy were "i11'oe1'cs=i92'e and forward-:
lookinc. and also praised the Amer-i
iron press being on the whole the
"I aiii not arciisiiig illt"lll of de-
liberately rniblisliiiii: unti'iitlis," he,
said, "but the American press doc. 3
llgR.<Il3 in selective tise of the triitl
that is the last. word in plOll7lt?,Rll92iFl ,
We must have the wliolc truth i
We are to maintain peace." T
Mr, Wallace said that when hej
poke the United States ]JI .'~§'
enored him. Wlien I return." he
dded_ I siiripo:-e the blanket r-I
ileiice will fall again. I have broken
through the silken curtain oi that
silence by coining lo Europe."
Citing the Spaiiisii-American War
as a case resulting, he said. from
selective newspaper treatment. Mr.
Wallace said. "That is why I am
so disturbed when we send naval
vessels on Goodwill tours in foreign
waters. If anything happened o
ur vessels who would know ti
ause of the incident? There rn "
till be Nazis. How easy for the i
o provoke an li'i.til'IlHliU]lFli.li1Cl liI1 .
hat is 92':h_v I am so deeply con»
C£.!!!f!"i ..h!l't thepres.s loads facts.
on one side." i
Sport-is lo L500 Sliillcnls. I
. i92lr. 9292':1llacP daslicd on foot from]
the croiiriori labor I .n_mlp in H hall.
where 1.500 stiidciits heard him as-',
--Fill wlmt he callcri trends towardl
'-YR! and ilI£t'd Lhcni to fight tor a.
slroiigcr United Nations. .
"Sooner or later. all Nordic TFH '
-"ill reach iiiaturit_92' and conclil r;
hat. iiar is ili'tiHCit l'lSLlC ol childi l
I inds, he predicted.
l Mr. Wallace, whose original pr-I
irrarn oi at single speech in 1~.oi'way. _-=T--_ ._______,___,__ _
has been CX include Iour
cidress, was welcomed to O5lo_ ti
ope oi the most important voice i
of the comm0n_man.
That description of Mr. Wallet
9292'pi1't.1me nlB._92Ol' Of NFll921l<, WHO
joined with Norway's minister of
education, Kaare Fostervoll. in
welcoining him at a luncheon nt-
t §]|_9d by represeiitatives _oI [the
couiiti'j~.-s six political parties. 1!!
eluding two cabinet T1iE'Ti'ib¬i5-
Mr. Fostervoll said Mr. Weller
t uld clnirn a unique achieremen
i bringing together at t-he sarn
t ble representatives of the Con
t i'92'.'itive, Christian. Labor PP.t1}'!l9' -
Farmers lll5t PHTll@5--
5 itllllt 9 194763",,..__....S4mp Rt-92'i<io|i in Ln -_
Addi"essin;r ill ,%l]CI
'92-allace prectictci 5' any United
-"-tales laws curbii._'.' ie right oi
.rncrlcans to speak ireely about!ncir own tloicriiincnt in ftli'tl|L1lli?3lll'ltl'lt"5 irould he iiiodicri to con-.
i.orin to the charter of the United;
{Nat-ions Friucailonal, Scieiitific midi
rjiiltiiral Oreaiiizntioii.
Referring: to rc-,ioi'ts from the-
i United States of proposals that his!
. iie.sspo1't be wtiliclrawii and that tlic
lLogan Act. be invoi-ted against himi because of his attacks on Presiden 'lTl'Lllil.¬ill'5 foreign policy, Mr. Wall]-lace said:| The right of any world citizen id[speak his mind is inrreiy can !-in
I believe any}92
tout the injunction given in ttieiUNESCO charter.nited States laws which may bet
a . conict with that charter will be i' odiecl."
T0l1l01'lOW he will address a pub-
c meeting at a lai'ge Oslo theater
land will speak at a Farmers Parti-
tCl'i5t3l92Htl92¬! meeting on agricul-{thrill Sl.Ib_]¬CiS.
Stassen Assails Talking
On Foreign Policy Abroad
STOCKHOl..§$5weden, April 19ut*i.l-iai"old E_.*_ ' ssen, aspirant ini
the RC}]llbliCRi}-pl'£5l lE>lli-ll nomi-
nation. who has been making a fact-
iihding tour of Europe, declared
today it is not proper to discus.
the foreign policy of the United!
States in ti foreign country."
The former governor of Minne-
sota held a. hr-ws conference only
a few hours after Henry A. Wei-
lace left. Stockholm by plane 1'or
Oslo. Norway. Ml. Wallace has crit-lcizcd President Triiman's proposal
for aid to Greece and Turke_r and
has called for "pence and tinder-
standinz with Rtissia." -
.92Ir. Siil.=~.'~Ell said that after his
return to the United States he would
confer with leaders oi the Rc|1iihli-
can part_92' before publisliinc his
rioirs and inipressioiis of his Euro-pean trip. ' l '
The Republican Pa1'i._92'. he said. has!
Wan excellent chance of winning: the
presiclential election in 1948 "if 921'e_
.ha92'e a good program" and ii Repub-iltcan Congressiiien now in office re-
tain the condciice of the people, »
All America-both the Republi-
can and Democratic Parties-are
will riot go back to the policy oi the0 " Mr Stassen said when a-kodi
. f._.rkt-roving forward in world polie}L§,_l_.,;£-E;
s . _ I ,. 'l.[li1iI-i
. i. .-i. 'i';iinm. 92lr
Mr
Mr. t.i92"?-ii.,__,__ ...__
I|Tt'lr_.!t flii92-ii§_ W W__|i.lr."z;1drl______ __*_Mr. I92'icliti92;.?8[1';__
i92lr. _Rt!92'ttlW H _
Mr
D-ii
I92lr. l3j;;:in_ WY _z,
I92ir.ii.1i_.
. Tal's<iii _
. il.lI litZl_ H___
i92ir. iitiflltly I
.92ir
.92ir
Mr. ientiiiigt0ii__
Mr.
lilr. 92'eas9__________
6;}. liciidiiii
. -]o1ies____ ____, _
Quinn TZl.l'1llIl_
/_. .
Ft
/7 ,:7 g T ' '5C7 _,i.
J!
/.
.whet.liei'-Reniibilcahs would i~é.-mi ' Vto earlier policv if victorious in th I _" '. "-"'] _' - ._ 1 : - . c
[presidential election. 1
i Before his press L-flllit"l'tl| P M -Sins-scn conic:-red wtili Prime Lilli:
istcr Toner Ei'l:-inrier and i't.'l92'i hinrl _,| I 92-
L... ___ .-_ 3 1. all. _,
Unrlcn. I " W eon with Foreign Minister Otillill ,. - ----"
/92ltlllIiIll Mr. 9292allai'c anrl Mi'_'
Stasrrii in stnrklimlm,
lil'li .; ti.1.9~';l ~
WASHINGTON srss-I.
f92
J"".._r
' rrt'n.=v m_;;_v_rio so in Os1o.".l5"""*'a_.,.
St-assen 1.1. sclieotilcci to leave for
Oslo by plane tornorrov: i'0'r'iiii1E.
!_Cot Says He rirronged
Wallace Visit as" Friend
PARTS, April 19 trT'!.~Piei'1'e Cot,
French lcftwing politician, said to-Ildny that in n1'1'ahging the visit here
of Henr_92' A. Wallace he :13 acting
as an "old friend" and not as the
-agent of any Freneli political pat-t._v.
' M1. Cot, ail minister in the cabi
net of Leon Blunt and several othe
nnrtirrie and prewar cabinets, form
eriy was a mdienl-Socialist. a eon_§
servative part!, but now ranks him-,
self as an independent. In the]
National Assembly he gcn_erali_wotes with the Communists. 1
.- Mr. Cot said he hZldmE92ppCd at
l hree-day schedule for Mr. Wallace-
hat includes an appearance be-|re the National 192sseinblys fol-l
eign affairs committee. a speech to.~
the Centre do la Politique En-
trangere," a sort of foreign policy
association, and another speech be-
fore a meeting in the Sorbnnne. In
Miriitinn MI. '92Vallaee will speak be-
fore the original local chapter of
the American Veterans Committee
which recently split on the issue of
adrntttlng Communists.
The invitation to appear before
the Parliamentary Foreign Affairs
Committee was extended about a
month ago, MI. Cot, said. bi MHTEE1
aehiri, a Communist who happens
to be committee chairman. Under
Assembly rules a foreigner n1a_v not
appear before a session of the en-
tire ehamher. but the foreign affairs
;:10I|p is inviting all other deputies
to attend.
Mr. Wallace, who arrives Tues-
day, will be a guest of honor at a
luncheon given by the National
Union of Intellectuals, of which
the scientist Frederic Jntiot-Curie
is seeretaij/-general. Dr. Jolie _
Curie is a Communist, but Mr, L
said the group is comprised or I -
ietlectuals of various shades of p i-
Lical optnj,qn_____
._
APR Z O 19%?
WASHINGTON STAR
Page A-1. & A-7- ;'-92
* -s-1-he<=lVasl1iiV1"on .w;,, 1 h ,1 -
l-M-92-M¢Pi3__'G9;§9 11l
NOW THAT ALL the hulla-
baloo over Poland has subsided,
inside diplomatic reports from
Europe indicate that the Lublin-
Warsaw Polish government is
not going to he such a Russian
puppet government after all.
Despite the fact that the
Lublin - Warsaw Poles were
called all sorts of pro-Red names
by the London Poles, they are
now getting just as independent
and, to some extent. arrogant,
as their London brothers.
Or, as some neutral diplomats
summarize it:
"A Pole will always be a
Pole whether he's in London
or Lublin."
Illustrative of how the Poles
are feeling their oats was a
meeting which took place at
Moscow last week regarding the
Polish row with Czechoslovakia.
The meetingwas attended by
Russian Undersecretary for For-
eeig'n Affairs Vyshinsky: also by
ex-Premier lllikolajczyk of the~9292:ondon Poles, plus Edward lilo-
-Wernment.
92lilo1'owsl-ti, though supposedly
a Soviet puppet. started the re-
works by ranting against the
Czechs. e said the Czechs had
no right to Teschen. a small
coal mining town which had
alwa;~'s been Czech, but 'wl'1icl1
the Poles snatched away from
C».eehnslo92'akia when she was
powerless in llltler's hands
alter Munich.
Soviet Commissar Vyshinsky
emphatically ditfered with lilo-
rowski. He pointed out that
the Poles have peaceful means
for settling their disputes. should
not use the aggressive tactics of
the Nazis. Finally Morowsl-ci
subsided.
Soviet Holrl Slips
OTHER UNCENSORED diplo-
matic reports show that the War-
saw-Lublin Poles a_re getting
tougher and more developments
which for some queer reason,
have been hushed up by Euro-
pean censorshop:
1 Twelve Catholic papers are
now being published in Poland.
There has been considerable op-
position tn the Lublin Poles by
Catholic groups. on the grounds
that the church was being sup-
pressed.!2 Tile-!,<92!92_'arsaw-L_ublin _.Inles
have indicated they want an al-
liance with the United States and
Great Britain just as strong as
that with the Soviet. This, theyU IK_.92h_ '[uéd£uarantee Polish in-
' P E e already demand-By Urew Pearson---,__ .|_
ing that the Red Army withdraw
from Poland; also, that the Soviet
secret police wiilidraw.
4 The Luhlin Poles also rc-
sent the latest Russian attitude
of friendliness to the German
people, which they criticize as
a symbol oi unpriuclpied Soviet
bicldini: for German support. in
order to counter-haiaiice the pro-
Gcrmanism of certain British
leaders.
5 The Lublin Poles also resent
Russia's opposition to Polish ex-
pansion in the northwest, where
the Poles would like to take
over the German city oi Stettin.
6 Finally, the Lublin Poles re-
sent the tact that the Russians
now insist upon bringing out-
siders lnto the Polish govern
mcnt--in 1inc'with the Hopkins-
Stalin conversations. Stalin
promised Hopkins to give ex-
Premier Mikolajczyk of London
and other Polish leaders cabinet
seats in the Lublin government,
which means that some of the
Lublin Poles will have to give up
their cabinet posts. Naturally.
they are sore.
So it looks as if the Polish pup
Del pot, which once boiled againstllvn '|.n|1ri'nn n92'i'|nr! Fninc ie nrnn -..92 ._..,...--an 92..,_..92.... . v-92..,, 1.1 slung
simmering against its friends in
Moscow.
llzuuls Oil Cliurcliiil
ONE OF THE WELL-KEPT
secrets of the last Presidential
campaign was a statement Win-ston; Churchill prepared urging
the American people to reelect
Franklin Roosevelt.
The statement, however, was
never made public. Roosevelt
heard what Churchill was plan-
ning to do and stopped it, Hg
explained to the British Prime
ll-Iinisier that much as he appre-
ciated his good intentions, the
American people resented out-
side interference in their politics.
Undoubtedly Churchill was
planning reciprocity for the help
which Harry Hopkins had given
l1_im two years before, At that
time, the winter of 1942, just
after Pearl Harbor. Churchill
laced growing criticism in Parlia-
ment. ' . .,
So Harr_y_xHopk_i_ns went to
London and "with Roosevelt's
blessing dropped the word quiet-
ly in British political circles
that the President of the United
States appreciated the ne coop.
eration he was getting from the
Prime Minister and would be1 __, THE vusamoroii POST
D:lTE: Q2-3 V21.so.»~.x_i.o~'"i arr" p
. ii/o+».F.;tt:ie /it
_ I ll - ~ iiI I /»éb/1;/%/Y/t.r;¢ .
92
.-
y. ii}X 1
at am. is 1945-I
sorry to see any change of British --'-..__
__ V __ % N leadership. " ""-'='- ~ ,,¬___ __ __.-. Id. _,.__.__ ,__._ , _,_..-__. _ . ..__ ">3 _ 77:,-__ 3*-_-tfd; 4 W
u ari if?
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Eg'-- .:;- - ,..»5-..~=!f"f.""':1"'-tfgrt; ;;.tl.92 n.-~ _._ _ 7 ..P?..¬.|_V_A
Record
sl. .
.Rooseyelt_ Knew»
.0f_Q:A_-.Bqmb Prog ress, j
_y" he " i hto92irer;qj1_d__Y? -.
:1 .Wa"r' ers . i°.4;'.f.-I _
Mwli v rnl r 0 ""-1""i
Pubiiaticn cf lcne=s-=¢retYei= ;
ta papers failed today to still the =
controversy that has raged -Kori-
ea decade over."_t.he- wartime Big-_,
_-Three n'ieeting.".' -f.": #3.'---i. *
The half-million-word Ameri-i
can record-"o! the h1storio1'ses-
eion was made public last-night '
by the State 'De'artment-'- e
. p ;- .
portedly ove the objection lotP if-v{sec of te- Eslhad |*'
BB 003': esay- e83-i
pages of -'documents_ ,would ' not i
be made public how. The State!
Department gave no otcial ex-
planation as to whyhe changed"
his mind.-It, was understood,.
however, thatthe decision was-I
made after Republican Senators
crctested 'thst.~_ the ziee-.*.". York T
Timeshad ohained e.'cop!{'o!'the, paper's.--V5.7 211- I - ' ;_
"Atom Bomb Date. Sot"i££i,}~;.__ - .. - {J1 _
The '-papers; disclosed thal_
Premier Joseph Btalin had made.
a veileifthreetfof "dircuit? "intaking P-ussia_;_! 'into the ' 'war
against Japan :- unless? President
Bmselglg ' agreed.-;,£o ,-sweep!-nuconcessions,-.._.,_,-~'Ii=_-_"' " _ .3. ...' "; I
/lb".".,'_"f"_,/5" _ i Ukrainian N and ";White Russian,__.,_
Roosevelt did agree giving
zhrssiemew strategic po1>'i'iiiUn m
the Northwest Pacic e.nd_,g
powerful hand i_n Manchuria.
Signicant in this connection,
mentsffw e.'letter' trom_ Me,j,____ _ ? head ofthe. ' Ian t n ro ec iwhichf de-. 1" I Q pop; . K
'92
~_'r ,_.<.- ~. / 7 o-19
s <~-~~~.-1.-.-
- Mr. .
among the pre conference docu
lit! ope b The
letter showe _ r oosoveit was
"notied-;_-iand j' approved,-progress .
on development reiirxne atomic-
homb several 'wee_ks_'_i;etore:' the '
Yalta meetinn-~' -; "-.'-' 1 -
Gen. Groyes letter. dated De-
cember 30. T1944." Predicted -the
rst atomie.bomb;.wou1d be-ready,
:,about' *Aueus_ii; ;1.¥.;,1945.~;"=_ As-'-it!
turned -"out?" the nrst combat
bomb was dropped on Hiroshima-
,on August 6. 1_945.'_',Ia.pan f_u.i'_-_gendered *'ei.gh_t'rda;rs _1ater.'»-Vet ;
4-, _ Three U. jN. Votes for. Russia. T.
" The record disclosed aisof that-Roosevelt , " told "; Stalin and.
Churchill'it was very embar- ' ' U L />1 ' i - __I 'i__T_ :' ._rassin:',' to him etoyield en-
other -Russian ' demand ' for
_.-_. -.._ _ _ h- _._.. ..- L 92_| -r1f'.~ -. IllC|.ll.UClSI.l.lp R1]. L E UIIILCIJ. HE'-
tions-giving Russia threeyotes
the General Assemblgn. "
They disclosed long arsrumen
if Mr. Roosevelt and Churchil
Continued on_Page ii5. Col. 1/'1/»"1_/ r Q .Hr._iTo1son -"
Mr. Harbo _______
Mr. Mob: __i..._._
Mr. Parsons +.___.
Mr. Rosen Mi.
Hr. Tamm .__..._.._
Mr. Sizoo _i_
Mr. Winlerrowd ..___.._
Tole. Room e.____.i
Mr. Holioman ",7
Miss Gandy __' Mr. Boardrnen
-+" Mr. Nichols..*_.._ I Mr.Bclmo
- .' I _,~'. . 4- J 1' _./ ,4 III. _;.V; -V _
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as-__- - " -""'--..» Times Herald .._..._
_ Wash. News T"! .1Z i ' .~r :""1" _.
Wash. Star" I /E
i i;N. Y. Herald Tribune _._
'_ I 5.?N. Y. Mirror. all i
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ALGEB KISS
Hiss Says He Triedg
To Block Soviet Move
Iy the Anaciohd Pun
NEW YORK. Mar. 1T.' said last nieht that 1'l¬%i-
g_<,5fu11y opposed Russian
proposals at tneYa1m Confer-
admit ein-'§"'=..bvrer re-léuglics as independent members
oi the United Nations.
Asked about the Yalta. docu-
ments. made public by the StateDepartment. Kiss said he has
considered that my DOQUOH 8'6
131 times was pro-unetini-D"
1'8-|;I!E!"U'lB!' anti-Soviet.r
|__ _ -. _ . _ _r_ r Q .
*' Hiss, whose role at _tl1e Yalta
Canm-enee has been rmm
verslal Issue for years. clertfled
some cryptic notes published by
the State Department as part of
the Yalta documents.
Elsa notes, written in en
amateur shorthand, concerned
the agreement at the 1945
Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin con-
ference to allow Russia three
votes in the General Assenlbly
of the United Nations, then be-
llng launched. Russia got. votes
for White Russia and the
1 Ukraine as well as for itself. '
Him was assigned at the Yalta
conference to keep records and
iadvlse his superiors on matters
'deal.lng with the U.-N. '
He said last night he turned
his notes over to the State De-
partment when heleft the serv-
ice. "Ln the hope that the! would
be useful to my a.ss0ci_ates." -
Hlss was released last Novem-
ber after serving three and one-
q half years In the Lewlsburg Pa.!
P Federal Penltentlrry for perjury for denying before a Federal
grand jury that while e State
Department mclal he puss-ed
out department secrets for pne-
war R92.1§lBID spy ring. He hasl inn ence ain p';g1§§jq1 , his oc 8%
slnee re ease. 92______..-A '-. »-
7* 92 Tols onO-19
MU Bblfdln
Hr. Nichols
H. Belmqg
NI. Hnrbo
lhllohr inn
Mr. Parsons
Hr. Rosen
H. Tlmm
ll. Sizoo
Mr. I'inter;oTi_
Tele. Room
Mr. Holloman _
Ni.-55 Gnndy
/3
r/1»-id V
5,, 2 - 77éé5~/9l .1l y /"./.
E0-19
Mr. Toisoo _ic_n
Mr. Boardmao ___
H1. Nichols iii
Mr. Belmont _.i
Mr. Harbo in
lit. Hohr ___._._..___M Mr. Parsons Al ' . t Hr. Rosco
9292
-.""=f
|
i
l, .4; n ens Aninm
Al Disclosure?
In Yalia Paper
Critical of Roosevelt?
And ldeo of Giving
Hong Kong to Chino
ly the Anociulbd Frul
LONDON. Mar. 1'1.Britons
were shocked and angered today
by disclosures in the Yalta na-
pers-especially President Roose-
velt's suggestion I-lone Kong be
turned over to China.
The Foreign Oioe and British
press generally considered Wash-
ington's publication oi the rec-
ords a diplomatic blunder. The
"man in the street" was hopping
mad on learning some oi the
inside rnaneuverings at the con-
Ierence.
Talk on the morning com-
muter trains coming into London
was more concerned with Yalta
than even the current split in
the British Labor Party over
rebel Aneurin Bevan.
Critical references to the late
President Roosevelt as a political
ochemer could be heard from
Britons who heretofore have al-
most universally revered him as
8 great statesman. '
. British Pride Hurt
The average Britons pride
appeared hurt particularly by
two Roosevelt suggestionsm
Furn Hong Kong over to China
ind to exclude the Brtltsh from
the postwar administration of
erce.
,,,"Hong Kong, I British crown
colony for 11-l years. has been
built-uiunto.-the largest bltht-
'oenterint.heFarEn-IL| 4-5 -. 1.. _ . - -i une nngiisnman--l blackfbowler hat-_the tm t
London: Wall Street known as
The City"W8s heard to any in
"a loud voice on one train:
Roosevelt was mad ii he
though we'd ever give Home Kong
to the Chinese. Why, it's one of
the most valuable places left in
the old empire. And it certainly
sounds odd compared with t-he
Americans now crying about
giving the Chinese a few barren
Jaiands right in C hinas back-
yard." I
Another remarked: -"It's also
nice to know Roosevelt tried to
leave us out of Korea. I wish
the British soldiers who died
ghting there could have knownabout it." '
'_ Cl N! Bil Three Talks
As for the prospect of Big
Three Lain the tenor oi the
curbsmne debate was "who can
trust anyone on diplomatic ae-
creis." _
The United States disclosures
immediately aroused British
{ears that they would raise a bar
to another Big Three meeting
at the top level. 'I'he conserva-
tive Daily Mail comment/ed that
the publication could help to
discourage ~'the Russians" from
joining in such a conference.
Both-Prime Minister Churchill
and Foreign Secretary Eden ad-
vocate open covenants secretly
arrived at," contending that the
|Russians use public meetings
I091! for propaganda platforms.
When Sir Winston rst proposedpa top-level parley two years aao,he stressed that it should be
conned to a few persons meet-
ltnz in privacy and seclusion."
1 TAIPEI. Formosa. Mar. 17 lP;.
iNat.ionalist Chinese oicials_
|b1tierl.7 familiar with the eects
ioi the Yalta conierance which
::2ve &riet Russia spate! rights
'1n Manchuria, evinced only scant
interest today in the records
Published by the U. S. state
Peptqlen ,_ 92'r"--nr-
WORKED-14 @§_."}77 c2 gg ,4?lk. Tamm .___%
Ni. Siloo ___n______-W
Winicrroiid _i
Tclc. Room ______
Mr. Holloman i
Miss Gandy __-_
We
»
t
-. it?-; .
- .'92112*
v1
.-
I
->1
,'{_'|* r
Jv. __,.the elections will be in 3lair .n=ag__L_oo not c
about Poles myself,
"Stalin: There are some ve
good people among the Poles.
They are Sood ghters. OI
course. they eht anions them-
selves, too. I think on both sides
there are non-fascist and anti-
fascist elements.Prime Minister: I do not like
this Dositlon. Anybody can call
!IJ15"D0dJ' anything. We preler
the terminology democratic par-
ties.
Stalin: I reler to the declara-
tion on liberater areas. On thewhole I approve it. I rind in a
certain paragraph the same ex-
pression, anti-nazism and anti-
fascism. '
_ President: This is the rst
example for the use of the dec-
laration. It has the phrase to
create democratic institutions of
their own choice. The next para-
graph contains the following:
Cl to form interim govern-
mental authorities broadlF rel!-
sents-ltives ct all democratic{elements in the population and
pledeed to the earliest possible
establishment through tree elec-
tions oi governments responsive
to the will ot the people.
A "Stalin: We accept that para-
"arson 3. ' _
' Like Caesar's Wile
President: I want this elec-
tion in Poland to be the rst onebeyond question. ' It should be,11ke Caesars wile. 1 did notijznow her but they said she tau
.pm.e_ ."Stalin: Thel said that about
her. but in tact she had her sins.
; "President: I don't want the
Poles to be able to question the_.Poli.sh elections. The matter isnot only one cl principle but or
lpractical politics."A little later Mr. Churchill
referred to the Atlantic Charterand said he had once sent aninterpretation of his about thecharter to Wendell Willitie. the
1940 Republican presidentialnominee. who died before the
Yalta conference.Mr. Roosevelt asked: "Was
that what hLiled_him?" The ree-Mord notes laughter_ in the con-
terence.
The discussion involved wheth-
ier France should be permitted
lloter to associate it-sell with the
ideclaratlon on liberated areas-EE5s=% it would pa--boats:-toLlenve it the nu Three.l
l
i
l
_i
i
F
l
i
l
'.
lQ s-
_ Postwar Planning. KThe question of the-116:8-QL'92ergeat Rowers in the "pos war pe-rioo was dlsr.ussed at a dinnmeeting on February 4. Accord-ing to a record made by Mr.
Bohlen, it went like this: MarshalSt-alin made it quite
plain on a number of occasionsthat he felt that the three greatpowers which had borne the
brunit of the war and had lib-
erated from German domination
the small powers should havethe unanimous right to preserve!the peace of the world. . . .
He said t!Lst it was riducu-E
lous to believe that Albaniawould have an equal voice with
the three great powers who lgi
won the war and wcrepresent
at this dinner. . _ . _ "The President said he agreed I
that the great powers bore theigreater responsibility and that gthe peace should be written by;the three powers represented I-i-'
this table. '' "The Prime Minister said that
there was no question oi thesnail powers dictating to thebig powers but that the great na-tions of the world should dis-i_
charge their moral responsibilityand leadership and should exer-
cise their power with moderationand gneat respect {or the rights
oi the smaller nations."
Discuss U. N. Procedure
Alter Stalin and MI. Roosevelt
had left the dinner. MI. Church-ill and Mr. Eden with the lateBe-cregrg of State Edward R.
Stettinius. jr. discussed votingprocedure in the Security Council
of the proposed United Nations.Mr. Churchill said he inclined
to the Russian view that the pro-
cedure should preserve the unityof the n Three. apparentlymeaning t they should hold
the real power of delusion. Mr.
Eden took vigorous exception. according to Mr. Bohlen, on the
ground that neither the Englishpublic nor small nations wouldsupport such s principle. noon
I-Sterw Ml. Churchill and Mr.
Brian lei obviously in disagree-ment" oar: voting forrbula.Tb! I ulaevenmallzr worked
out vested decision on-I-all-ofpeace primarily in as . -¢._..-h~.-- .- ..a_4.-_ _,.a, _ st; _< -
mt e:.ii.~:~rs§%1< H1908 D Pro or u
participation . of _ sis ,' electedtsmailer nations in the work ori go u§ec1t;{igtYF;I£ Councg. - Eache ve was ven the
rxriaht of 'veto_ on maior questions. Asked Secrecy on
H>Inameet.inzonFebruary5
litoosevelt. Stalin and Churchill
talked about dlsmemberrnelrlt of
Germany. Mr. Rooseveltj said
the rst paragraph or ;p_1.-opcsed
German surrender terms did not
mention, dismemberment"_ nor
agate this %<1iea_su1'llcient1.'Y clear. e sa. . e tanned -to sham
Stalin's view that it would be
better to include the'_word_U Church obleeted that fyou
don't want to tell them" because
it would make the Germans ght
harder. He said Gen._I!wlght
D. Eisenhower was_c-ppoaed to;tBl1lIlg UJEIH. S128-11D '_l8-l C116
terms should not be made publicuntil the time or surrender and
I-dded bl!-ml-13'. LI want it agreed ! To Dlsmembcrand-! toput dlsmemberment into the inr-
render terms." . .
1 Mr. Churchill said he would
.l-Bree to a study "oi the ques-
't-ion or the best means ol stud!-
ins a method -rot dismember-
meat." _
1 French Role Considered
Stalin said he -would ha've'noobjection to accepting comm;formula which would make dis-; membennent possible and it wasuaventually understood that the
Pfiliolplc was to. Ger-
mly was not dismembered, ex-
cept into Cc:2:.~.~ ~__lst and West-
em zones alter_ the g ThreeLIDIIL ' "
_. _Mr.Cburchl1i|a.iBheiclttheglrcnch should have up-gqgupg-
=tlon zone in Germany. Stalin
11:1-imtioncd whether tlis would
not mean that France would
fbeoome a_"foo.1'th Dwt-,r_1n the_o0ntrol maehineryr _ --. -ft . Churchill memes and
Fresident Roovélils slew.
volt replied "at ,2:-.--can
get the people in
no-operate tally 1ur',{.n.-
toluene lna1'rn!-_;.j.;-.~-. I. lone tzlmcn -.D I me I" E"...:'%;-_k__,..',¢.,.
"I;'l""I--' yr
. ROOSBYBII-ml ==-_---*__ustas satised . .~" *___'hlle she:-inll, ,. . :w':.,§,,.
chine --.-..-T.- - "
r
'.'J
:2,."92
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5.
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Serve _as_ Fuel ior-
10-'Yéar_ Dispuie C
- Continued From First Page!
with Stalin over their demands
for creation of tree governments
in post-war Poland and other,
Eastern European countries lib-
era"v:d from the .
Stalin agreed to a declaration
and procedures for setting up
democratic regimes, But with-
in a few years the Soviets solidi-
ed Communist rule from the
Baltic to the Black Sea.
The Big Three conference wasK-v-III: I
held at Yalta in the Russian
Crimea in February. 1945. Roose-
Ydt. Stalin and Churchill had
met some months earlier at
Tehe-ran. mainly on co-ordi.nat-
in; military strategy can
Nazi Germany.
At Odds on German Methods
At Yalta they grappled with
great political issues, including
the future of Germany. The rec-
Ol shows they I-creed on dis-
memberment of Germany in
principle, but not on how it
should be cut up.
But the overriding problemfrom the American point of viewi
and Derhaps from the Russian-
one as well was Russia's pros-lpective entry into the warlxatnst Japan. i
Russia agreed to come in once
G¢mmW was defeated. The war
in Europe ended May 7. 1945.
Russia entered the cunict with
Japan on Auaust 9, 1945, three
dys after the United States
l3J_0PD0d an atomic bomb onH"'°5h11I1B- Japan surrendered
Aueusr. 14. 1915.
T118 azreement between Roose-velt and Stalin on Russiairentry111!-0 the Pacific tear has pro-duced years oi Political contro-
versy in the United Sl,3t35_
Denounced bu Ronbucero 1
New Republican Senatorsand others denounced R0ose_B %t
...ILl'1....£dd.Iti0'I:i.. a_ qouestionvwasraised as 1o'Whether-H'l'E"pb-_- ,_ n--V
Y <- . Q ~ "_".-I..;92,"._ _,P<"-.=.--7'>'!é':$1._.r_ __ _ ._..._..:.___ . .pairen L and _Por_tithe:-were-0-bk *
:__ 1;-1 the same conversation Sta-im S indicated to Mr.___Ro0seveit
that ha.'WB'!i.°Ql1-53<3@l1?1E..l1!°.Vl1?8. -__ ___---r. .1. _ .._,e_, ___.. - * . _ -25 divons o_1_7uoop;a I9 tne_.1~ar w {;°° ;§f§ ° in an the" notes continued, the peoplerll-St, When. - .5511 Q5 30:6 t§m;§?°a£m1§:§' would understand the not-ions!-Groin 5"? .511 3'-1'°II.--'= . =' I ' ' -. -- 4-I -"'~.1¢; +1.-been made 10,- reasons "'l'lCEi'mt. involved and it would be .- . - 1 01 na-
Wllll Befiilflfy or elimination oi
repetitious material or to avoid
"needless" otiense" to foreign na-
tions .ar__to individuals. .. H Cut at Churchill Request '
Two deletions were made atthe request or Prime Minister
Clmmhill... the._ only e surviving
memberol the Big Three. Ad-Jaclent pa_ragre.phs mmc:-.% they|°°I§°¢1"I16_d Mr. Churchill's ideaslo! France's postwar position,
r|Evbb with these and pomlbly
other omlssions, Mr. Churchill
had declined to agree to thepublication, '
There were no major dlsclos-
uras. The chief results of the
Yalta conference had long since
The Far East-concessions per- ;
mitt-ed Russia to take over theh_Iurile Islands nor th of Ja_oan.!
the southern hall oi Sakhalini
Island and operation of the Chi
nese Eastern and South Man-
churian railroads. The Russians
also gained rights in the Chi-!
nese Port oi Dairen and the lease 1
oi Port Arthur as a naval base.
Exceptoi the Kuriles, thesewere rights or positions whichi
Russia had held 50 years be-
fore. then lost in 1905 through
war with Japan. l
Stalin Cites Dli'c-ultles" l
In s meeting with Mr. Roose- -
velt at Yalta on Februrny 8,
1945. Stalin said that if his con-
ditions were not met "it would
be diicult for him and Molotov
to explain $0 the Soviet people
why -Russia was entering the.
war against Japan." J
A record of this exchange was
tent by Mr. Roosevelvs in-
terpreter, Charles E. Bohlen. nowAmerican ambassador in Hos-Ecow. -. -
ML Bohleii recorded swim as}
saylng the Soviet people under- i
stood clearly the war against
Guppy which had threatened,"the very existence of the Soviet
Union, but they would not under- i
stand why Russia would enter ajvery much easier to exp __ B
deeigion to the Supreme Soviet.
"The President replied that he; ._had not _i:u.ul.an opportunity to
talk to Marshal ilang Kai-shek
and he felt that -one 0! the dini-
culties in speaklnqrto the Chinese
w ' that anything Bald I-0 themorg known to the whole world
E 24 hours. ~ 5 -
Sought To lnternationalise
At another point Mr. Roose
velt said he would like to tair
care of the Russian interest
using the port or Dairen by malt
in: it an internationalized port
He related thk to the question o
Bong Kong. - ' »'
"'.lhe President said he hope
the British would give back
-wvereienty oi Home K0112
[f];|_|ng"' the Bohlen recur.. an -showed. and that it would th
become an intemationalized 1rec.
port. He said he knew MriL _ mu m 'rms1e¢shi;p1so;;geea_,. it wip
Mr. Roosevelt also told Stalin
he had lnmind for Korean" trus-
teeship by Russia, Unitedsuites and cmmnmui the Ko-
rean people learned self-goverm
ment. which _lie't-ltolllllgli Iulght
ts-its 9° W 3° Yea"-j'.§l1?-"!.1..#i"¢
'_Rnosevelt agreed that notorelgn
,troops should be in
Korea.- -_ . _-_.».=;'=.,;4I=.%:1e'%§':$3:~*1- Roosevelt said he thought it
was unnecessary for the British
to participate, but they might
resent being left out. Stalin
said they would certainly be of-
fended and should be included.
In addition to Mr. Bohlezrs
notes. records were kept bi other
stail members, including Alger
H155. 8 State Department aide
later iznprisoded tor perjury in
denyins he had given docummts
ito a prewar Commlmist any ring.
Itwasirihisnotesthattdr.
churchm would have strong ubgltoosevelt was Quoted as nding
iections to this msgmtion."
No ever came oi Rouse thing '
velts idea about internationaliz-
jug Hang Kong. Nor forma wa.sDairen internati 3
, although the B18 y
that should be _done.
R ans simnlir took over I»it very. embarrassing to put the
Soviet Ukraine and Soviet White
Russia into the United_r{at§o;|:|s
as independent members; '1' _.;~_i, Kiss kept his notes in aI|bre_vi-
ated form, having taken themln
longhand. There was no olcial
stenographic record of the con-
iterence, and the published nec-
ord. aside from dmcial docu-
gneuis, comprises independent
accounts of members _0I_ the
United States delegation
[7 Churchill ll-e8"4':lin_-""=;j
After Mr. Roosevelt said he
,lound the three _Uni_tcd Ilation
ivotes for Russia -barrassing.
His-s recorded this reaction iron:ch92ll'Chl].1I T -""t' Church: ou pu .{now without
-cause trouble. _ ..5:= " -'
_ The decision actually
!publicly_ announced
.Ya1ta meeting ended.
r leaked out to the
, it became the plot 01 thetreat Yalta tonoeviraes Critics
contended an-. acumen had3
.
2v
K.
x
ir
Pvi...
. u.i
£.ftI'l-
$471
211.
$4
be
Roosevelt and
ii 46%; :=.- 1-; _ '
.,_,
-C
Ind wmrltw. can be -hhmmee .en==- i 5%.- r-nee ee-.-a--..- 1.. MARer nr " "iteuee»-et~r-1' ; - * 5 I i - ' 92 ' '-fl -_' ,7. 3 -:. " , _: »_' "3 ' I. ._-_-____;' __ 9;; 92"'-"11":-. -=. .-."-4." .5}--" - .._____' '. -~T.. .7.-'._.f_.___ _r.|:,r-.-,...-.._,?,.{- _. . .. .___,___: ____ ,, , ___ . _-I
_ 1* s;e...u_ma=»arn..
1"? 1'"! 8 Per
';-.*§"Y1_¢_t§to".l_5'iq'f'I'hre_¢ con! we-' H
%§§n@de#ea.T*.*t
consisted merely oi a pri-
..5 -': .5»?I i._. 1. 3;
i
~ r__ _ a ___. --I;_>/ . - .
tease eeeeri .el
__.-'.. - .
;,_,_~!'ebma1'y.-1945. President 'D. Roosevelt eonien-ed i
' _ ',P1-lmeltiinlster Churchill at;
_ _{.'in the Mediten-anean..
Iihurehill and Stalin at
u In the Crlmea, and again ~church1lI at Alexandria in
. ..No unpublished doe'u- .
"_ tatlnn could be rqum1.. .' ";te Qlezandrla conference.
conversation on Febmary
__- nference o_g_§f -
swam" ROOSEVELT T0
wmsaar. s-mam
l 17 July. 4
Secret. l
Bent.to the United States
I-val Attache. Moscow, via Navy
TQ Top secret ldi
- From the President for ?
Stalin. '
'I§1ingeare moltnofast I-Dd
ecesafully that I feel there
D6 I IIIBBU-I18 between you
Mr. Churchill and me in the
bly dear iuture." The
' Minister is in hearty ae-
cord with out thought. 1 gm
._ now rm a trinin .Fm-the East
_must be l.n Washington ior
weeks on my return. It
thereione; be_best inrlme
nave 0. meeting between ithe
,N§ll.Dd 15!-h OI September, The
central point i <1would name .1095. 2? m- _
Iiltobyehin you ,
Wlhib 1-by _»-. , Ii
0
»,, _ _, ....__,,,,.,,_ , -- HA TB ' *AMl§§S§ADOB. W *"s° *"
Bent by the United Sta
val Attache. Moscow, via "1_lavf_
ehanneis. .- ;.;: L;-3 1
Personal and top aeere-Frm¬;e@~ e-J *"-6r§$§@t< e ._.__-.-.-.er, sovnn-,.....U .m" _ mm_' '~; Top secret._Mo.soo_w, 24'Bep-
ie President from _H%92'rlm!i_k'h_:f£
I recommend the " -qe omitting gran t mu "er . 92 __' ..ea: to
N 271 the following sentence
army is doing so mag-
tly that the hop wouldbe much shorter @ ndthan the one takenghz;-.__
two years ago." The imiillca;
tion of this lentenee is tmenu Staliuiihould
enemy oecupieli ten'lt-orv-Ea-.
use or the dancers inherent.
_ suchaihtlteelialtmay
resentment on the part of
1in's principai advisers which
ht jeopardize the prospects
0 the meeting itself. Because
of the real tear that I ve of
inch a reaction by the viets
I have taken the liberty hold-
ing delivery of -your eatae
awaiting your reply. '_
BTALIN TO R00 SEVBLT
Apparently _§ransm1tted by the
let Embassy. Washington.
ecret and Dersonal from Pre-
ln r J. V. Stalin to President F.
D. velt.
share your ttirought about
the desirability of a meeting be-
tween you. Mr. Churchill and
xmzaeii.
However, I must say. that now,
when the Soviet armies are in-
volved m battles on such {wide
ironl-. it would be impossible .!or
me to leave the country and de-
part for a certain period oi time
11-om the conducting oi Irom
matters. All In! eollel-lee eon-
alder it absolutely impossible.. . . - July 22. 4.
y ROOSEVELT T0 s-r
Top seeret. 7"" . '
' twaahingtoul" 21 JULY 1944.
Number 32. Top secret and
3-eri6@. i~ or tviarahai Stalin
irom the President. -
tut-enee with the Prime Q wash News
and me in viewof themmvro rut mas i=:m"_ . ML "
_J-rep Be-ere!" = a -
' MOSCOW. 18 Ju- --. - -7 '.Personnel we-up eerie 0.;
_¬he was oi the President o
3*lY.1'1'I1!~11~.*_'..-..-._-_. .-- "ma mum; I explained
Marshal Stalin in-it you i
asked Gen. i-iurlev to call on.him to explain your concern ova-1
China and to give him person-i
ally a message regarding a iu-§
ture meeting. Stalin -,inte1'1'92iPt6dito any that he had been ill with;
the grippe when Hurley was inMoscow. um in me out he ma?been ale to alluke it in__a ew
days b t that a time_he had.
been for several ks. He,looked more worn ounce than 1:have ever seen him and not
5%? fill}? r%vered. I eiain ,that YOU hid in mind a meetIn the latter part. 0! Novem r-
lndthta-Bitwaistoolate r
A! kn the Mediterranean might
D1 'id9 8 Suitable place. He said
lb I meeting was very Bari:-'
but thathe 55% afraid histors would not 0 him to
I am "satised that
anxious to meet you
T$$miv21 D0019-
.fi££E?Z3
/1
J_.,, J1. e
lite Qg/¢ ",11'*9k
11>},Wm -
no0-19
Li. Toison
Hr- Boardmau
Hr. Nichols
Hr. Belmont __
Mr. Harbo
ll. Mohr
Mr. Parsons
M. Rosen
Li. Tamm
M. Sizoo _.
HT. gintérrowd
TCIIB. Room .____
Mr. Holloman _
Hi-55 Glody mi
»-- "T J'-=-ti*;:.~.'>~=_¥"* 47~°-- "-""-E-:g,'t'§- tbut be iadenite 5 Ihis health. ;
o
.reE.B1?>E1!?i T". B.4!%!*':m* _' .'1_oi=,. =.4e¢?¢i~ 14. .°°.F°".°F- .19 ~ .. . Wi11_Y0u oleesedi hifar-Mr-F .f .f?*'""'.. "'-9..5¢,g1_1n~ at'ouoe; v. __..-while run ironed 1-W1 °. ..| meemm could Ebetween you. Churchill isR11, appreciate that l-D39 ..wishes w'ha.v=_Ye'= M?mu; with you. ';. PW l , gamma that» 1-1115lo war there itqu mm, political or i_iilm..k_-notihltih I? ' °bn_
me
the
ved
hile
is-
"solution _ _
zggretélatiril s esim .prefer td R88-ld in-I°'h°°m'jug talks with Churchill 8-5 Pfe-
tn a ~mw"¥!¢ 9.!" Withree of 158' W111°h~v*°. r ' ' ' 1.Ii
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1:
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n Yalia Big 3 Parle
v
. _ r _-- --x _ "'-" I
g-7-the .L=eoe:o92"|' Pee!
the Srtate
compiflfgocume,-lg; bcarini? in 1718
Yetta Bio Three c0r1.?'erenCe.'i INTRODUC1 ION -3' _ 1945, Pre "identgnnkfgbllagoosevclt coniehwdFm ' e.Mini5V1r Churchill an
wjm the Mediterranean.Milhm Churchill 8-11¢ 5'-an MWl inYd m m-£11?
wiegypm tchfnjclio unpublished 5°C ?tation could be found - - -t:.eQm¢ Alexandria conference-nfI-ouowing are $8-liual eI-D8-
I1I?" uolgotfsevelt and
_~.'Chl11'Ch111 ' ' '
sec QF ¢oveR_92GE
The editors hi"? aimed "° Dr?. . . . denitive-e-.- .3; in this wollme as' d comprehensiv B °°"'9"'g°I-1 LL-92 92l'q'|fn 55¢ YE-Lll corner-ul run: innit» thC1 QT. e==:...r.:;:?i 2:. =::..:...]l:u.rpose it was necessary w ob--it --h °°° *° i°.?...3¬5=M nevero1ins:u.;ieJ:<:i:oiv pr¢=l- EPIX-HIGH . ' .-11 pets . -:.e::::.::$ .";;.: :? we
ions do not 9*? zgettrsguifav be Papers °1 512'' ~ am collec-nlillcancc mom PI" has notum; to which access1 . 1 on-lwhich ¢0'15*5t'ed merely Ic-'}eb8ruaTlv'
been mode eveilablc. ~ - - '5 few
W have not 5~., .==..;: .i'-£631.."lIi----4"-I1"
more or Mr. James F- BYf_"°5'lI'hoatt.endcd th °°Y11"m°."S
1 ml lssxsmm m Presiden
~Rooaevelt; M11 AWN H'am'mu1'Inmbassador to U19 5°92"3E"at um time. and 111°" P rs of T11 [hg cqnierence PKPB whoEdward R, Stettinius. ll'-- ofpg; present as Secretangj _aunt 1; may be doubted. mu mu my oiumetgleeiwgaicgun; 5jg92'll.C3.D l 'me or United steer:-vli... ..._ -_... Thingsaremovirigcofpstandil _ u-, ..- - @ BUOCBS-S1111]? '-hit I _th¢IB. so w n
- ~ _ eet1ns betveen You secret and mu If._ . Churchill and ?!"l!!-me perm am Pre' 3' ~-rt l 92~,J3F59B-lbb hour I or TIN! Illcl --/"" -I
1/ /7 /' ft . I'4_he neg-iis oi the conierencesl
the -T' 'mse ves fall um inr?'rTm
categories: 1 Minutes of in-
ternational discussions in which
American representatives partici-
pated with either the British or
the Russians or both; ! docu-
ments which gured in the in-ternational negotiations at thet. 92 --i7_Bzlme Minister ls in bean; ae-cor W this thought. _ em
now on a trip in the Far East
and must be in Wasliineton for
several wee!-rs on mrreturn. It
would. therefore. be best for me
to have a meeting between the
19th and 15th oi September. The
most central ooint for you and
me would be fie north of Scot-
coni'erences., 131 mtradelegation lami I ¢°'~11d H0 by shin and youdocumentation relating to con- i°°u.1d mm either bl Em? 01' 19"
ference subiects. . . . '
. . . With respect to the Yalta
conference there are minutes of
all international niilitary meet-
ings in which the United States
chiefs or ste participated. . . .l
No records were found. However.
or the pm-are Roosevc!l-Chu."ch- '
ill meetines. There are minutea
or notes on most oi the other
political discussions but these are
not so complete or 'deflnltive asmight be desired. . . . i
. . . For a majority of the
political meetings at Yalta there
will be found in this volume two
Ol more nnnnlinr. o-1-.m-all" z-.l.._-.- ___-_a..-s, g..........._- LL"the form of minutes iirepared byf
JCharles E. Bohlen. Edicard Payee,
or H. Freemen Matthews. or'
rough notes in abbreviated long-_
hand tal<cn'b§ Matthews or Alger
Hiss. . . . ,
The classication of the docu- '
DIEM WP Secret. secret. con- i
dential. or restricted! is .in-
eluded in the printed heading if
such information appears on the jdocument itself. It mould be ;
noted. however, that in 1944 and.
1945 mam documents were not;
given any formal classification.
althoueh they wen: handled as ifcl92iss_ficd. . . . '
PRESIDENT noosevenr -no i
MARSHAL STALIN .
Washington! 17 JLIU, 1944
Toll Secret.
Priority
Bent to the United States
Naval Attache. Moscow, via Navy
channels.
Number 27. Ibo secret and
personal. From the President forMcrshai Stalin 'plane. Your army is doing so
magnicently that the hon would
be much shorter to Scotland
than the one taken by Molotov
two years ago. I hope you can
let me have your thoughts.
Secrecy and security can be
mntntained either aboard chip
or on shore.
Roosevelt.
THE AMBASSADOR IN TI-IE
SOVIET UNION HARRI-
MANI TO THE PRESIDENT.
Top Secret
MOSCOW, 18
Bent by the United
rel Attache, Moscow.
channels.
Personal and top
U1 President from Harriman.
I recommend that You con-
sider omitrinr from your mes-
sage to Mershal Stalin your . .
No. 27* the following sentence
"Your arinv is dolmz so "mae-
nificently that the hop would
be much shorter to Scotland
than the one teken by Molotov
two years ago. The implica-
tion of this sentence is that
Marsha] Stalin should y over
enern! occupied territory. Be-
cause of the dangers inherent
in such a ight I feel there may
be resentment on the part oi
Stalin's principal advisore which
might jeopardize the prmpects
of the meeting itself. Becansr-
of the real fear that I have of
such a reaction by the Soviets
I have taken the liberty of hold-
ing delivery of your message
awaiting roar reply. 'Jule. 1944.
States N?-
via Navy
secret for
BTALIIN TO ROOSEVELT
Apparently transmitted by the4/..> 0-19
U tMr. Tolson .1 -I
Boardma -1 i-*=- _ .v-'grw. Nichol ' -_ _
Mr. Belmon _Il._1. . 1'M1. FIB]-DO _--__.l,..[_;/
M. Hohr it
Hr. Parsons _._m_
Ink. Rosco émwf
Iii. Tamm _i___
Ht. Sizoo i
Mr. interrowd _i
Tele. Room _é__
1 Mr. Holloman _..iI1., ; Miss Gandy @____
to
92 -
1
/1 .92 <; -itxl
J till- 92
// '
,'92
Q / ,1, /1'1l 71*"TPY/O FF?-
' I... II.-.1;
jIF¬$"-.- EH0-l:';! -r.-
. I '
Wash. Post and
Times Herald
Wash. News
Wash. Scar
N. Y. Hcrl
N. Y. uh id raw -"'
~
._ ,._."*
92
-LAI
-.5
i924
-r
1
92
,<
_-,,-i.
- i v
-4,
--.
-. 2'.
.e
1.1
vqstaué to Pr'e'§l!I&rhI'.
§D.R_nosevelt. . . _.
T '1! share your throuzht bmlt
the d_esirabi1ity_oi' a mteli 96';
"tween YOU. M1-._ cfhu:-chill and
1.3135511--. J->4 . .I " However, I must say. that now.
yolved in battles on such a wide
; front, it would be impossible ior
* i_ne_to leave the country and de-
llpart for a certain period of time
from me condectuut oi trout
matters. All my colleagues con-
sider it absolutely impossible..when the Soviet armies are in-,; -op secre . 4 _ _ I1 _.
you please deliver the
ollowlng meesal_=;e' to Marshal
Stalin at once: - _ _
While 1 had hoped that the
:next meeting could have been
; between you, Churchill and my-
! sell, I appreciate that the PrimeI Minister wishes to have an early
ooniereuce with you. You. nat-
urally, understand that in this
_* ' July 22, 1944.
i RQQSEVELT TO s'rsr.m
Top secret. _ U"
Washington! 21 July 1944.E; umber '32. Top secret and
;;pe'rsonal. rm Marshal Stalin
Preaident._' I '- --
I I fully understand the dif-3'|lcillty_ oi {your coming to a con-f§'emnce w tn the Prirne Ministernk hie in view of the rapid
_milita_.ry now being
guide but I hope you can keep
inch 1- conference very much in-
Imlnd and that we can meet asmy as possible. Such a meet- ' st-ould help me dornestieally
*-Q31? approaching the time
rtirmer atratetlcal decisions. _ '
l - TO '1-an
. .- .i..;P1?eF5H.3ENT-£¬s";';"§¢}reL,..mose=>w. 34 sen_ ber 1944.
'f_ Personnel and top secret to
the eyes of the President only
ierevuo. .. .51 C_i'CD.I.D8 1 explained tot
' ¬nu.'_Hurley to esum l Stalin that you had
him to Klllin your 4%DC¬1'_1"l over
,_1§'i_1lna ind to live him person-
igng a message regarding a 1u-
fture meetini. Stalin inwrr-rifd
zomythathehadbeenillwith
ue grippe when Hurley was in
oeoow. that in the Do-Bi 11! hidgenabietoshakeitinaiew
Hays but that this time he had
ill for several weeks. He
more worn out than I
er seen him and not as
ullv recovered. I explained
had In mind a meeting
ter part of November
it was too late ior
...edlte.1-r-...mu might
ble place. He said
desir-
hisglobal war_ there is literally no
question. political or military, in
which the United States ls not
interested. I am rmly cou-
thet the tiara es m
oniythethreeoiuacanilndthe
solution to the still unresolved
questions. In this sense, while
appreciating the Prime Minis-
ter: desire for the meeting; I
Prefer to regard your forthcom-
ms talks with as pre-
liminary to a meeting of the
threeoIuswhic.h.soi'a.rasI
am concerned. can take place any
time after the elections here.
In thecircumst-ances. I am
BUEBBSEHI. if you and Mr
'Chl1P¢-NU Improve. that our AE-bassadm, in M050 , be mean; be able to keep me fully in-
at your coming conference as an
observer for me. Naturally. Mr
Harriman would not be in a po-
sition to commit this Govern-
ment relative to the 1m;-;@F,g_n1
matters which you and the
Prime Minister Will, very mg-
The above message will indi-r
cate to you that I wish you toi
Participate as an observer.
1 W1 loll you quite frankly.but Ior you only and not to be,
communicated under any ctr-
rumstances to the British of mg
uauans, that I would have very
uch preferred to have the ng
_Mermce betwan the three of
' tor. the very reason that I
.ave stated to the Marshal. -I
I ould hope that this bilateral
nierenoe be nothing more than
- preliminary exploration by theritlsh and the Russians leading
jl-iii I-6_i ftili dress meeting be-tween the three of us. You.
itherelore, should bear in mindlthat there are no subjects "of
Fiiiseusslon that I can antic! to;TEhIean-rtha Prime nlwizm
1P ' ..iimmmi "°s't3';;.%
le e| » , e 1. : I
- .». ..,__ ..-: " l. » e " - -f mlnly.'1nronnedyii1i'iil5out all
._ .,_- . __Ialsok:no,92;vtl1_atthePrim_ eMlr-5'ii?-""i - I. 1 ister hatllto esti-i -1 ROOSE'V'E.LT mo PRIME m.-.u;e_o1 sngfaroseow conversa-
. stmrsrsa cnoitcaru.-;=-* uuns.'.-"oa".my'"part;=r'eau =-w
585$ M the Umméd '5¢3'te5§.that our conversations were ex-
; ~l~Iava1 Attache. London, vie
»'t° * =-1-= 1,-;v -1 .11 Top Secret » 92 t
i Priority Z, > - |_,;" Washington. 1, Otober. 1944.
Number ezs, 4 October um.Htop' secret and personal from
I the President for the Prime Min-
gimwl-_: ., ., ..
I can well understand the rea-
sons why you eel that an hn-921 mediate meeting between your-,92 sell and Uncle Joe is necessary
before the thrm er us can iret
together. The questions which
you will discuss there are ones
which ere, ofcourse, of real tn-ii terest to the United States. as 1
1 know you will agree. I have
therefore - instructed Harriman
I to stand by and to participate as
my observer. if agreeable to youi and Uncle Joe and I have . so
informed Stalin. While natural-
ly averell will not be in a posi-
tion to commit the United States
-I could not permit anyone to
commit me in advancehe will
formed and I have told him to
return ind report to me as soon
as the..coni'erence is over.
I am only sorry that I cannot
be with you myself, but! am pre-
pared for e. meetlnz of the three
oi us any time after the elec-
tions here. for which your meet-
ing _w1_tb Uncle'Joe should be
a umiul prelude. and I have soinformed -Uncle ' Joe.
Like you, I attach the great
importance to the _contlnue_d
unity oi our three countries. I
am sorry that I'eB'n!!l!I't"agree
with you. however, that the!
voting question should be raisedl
at this time. That is a .l11_at-terii
iwhlch the three of us can. Iain.
lsure. work out together and I
hope you will postpone discussion
gotituntilourmeeting. 'IbereIs,:Patter all. no immediate urgency
,about this question which is so .ématlv rel:.% to public opinion ';in the_United tates and Greatt
I
I
I
itrunel yuseful tor the mutuol
ascertaining of views on such
question sas the attitudetoward
the future of Germany, the Polls!;
question, policy in regard to tn»
BaIluu1'_ states, and .1n1_pc_>rt&m
questions of further military D01-
lev. Du."ir'-.g the "conversations. ittits been claried that we can.
without great di'icu.lties,' adjust
our policy on ll! questions stand-
ing before us, and ll we are not
in a position so for to provide
an immediate necessary decision
of this or that for? exam-
ple, on the Polish but
nevertheless, more favourable
perspectivesare _ope_ned._ I hop?
that these'Moscow conversations
will be of some benet I1-our thepoint of view um at the njture
meeting oi! three 0! _'IIl. shall
be able to adopt de'__ni_be- G811-
sions on all urgent. tzue£tiori_s_oi
our mutual interest. I. ; "
L '0 ROOSEVELT
Seven pa.ra£l'lPh5 ¢¢1l§d_% -5?
State Departnseni:.i -,._ 1
Pamrraph as I via llelishted
to bear Irom' 11 J." Churchill's
usual retereuoe to Uncle Joe"
Staiin.l That you had suegmted
a triple meeting toward the end
oi November at a Bloc! % port.
1 think um a very one idea and
hope you will let me know about
It in due course. "I will come
anywhere you two Z-_'
ROOSEVELT IO CHURCHILL
Tpp Secret. 18 Ho-'ef"u vei' 1344.
.._-It d6estnot'seeu: to_ me
that the French Jim-
emment should take part in our
next conierence as such a debat-
ing society would coniuae our es-
sential issues ..-.--'L _.
_1=t0Qs£.'vE1.'r.
BECREIARY O? EIATE S'I'E'I-
TIHUB ID HARRLMAL
. .111; additionto myself and
Bohlen, whom you know about. 1
ai ~' ' with me to Argonaut Mlt fjBritain and in all the UnitedNotions. . . . 3His, mn-
»
-». 1,-3.-92 .
=2»
~§'*.-_g';
l LL», I
lief
. '9. o
'
, .
r
'5-
' l
.'-
-Vs.
.. - - _- ,materlal will be re uired andtars, andfour men who will act 'that the material V%Tl" UE ~ksS1;*|;....#-;gq"_et.ar1e.s, , . _ ---_--_-.._.,,, lecletly used. We should have|i- uf 'CHURCHILL TO R.OOSEVELT'SQ. - - ' .Top Secre-cient material for the rst
!!'_lpl0S10ll type bomb sometime
the latter part of July. 1- hate with a W115 rSeemed to lappeared to agree. but he went
lon to say that one outstandln:
_ London. 22, October, 1944.-
l=.."~ ',..ld§.i.,'Jl'|.E deletes. oy
State Department.!Para. s.g_ We. Chd.rch.iI1 and
Stalin! also discussed informally .53
Jiploslon-type bombs when they-The plan of operations while-N
based on the more certain, more-
.power|'ul gun-type bomb alsol
rovides for the use of the iin-"
1-'92=_!~1ii-l!'= D8-ltitlon of Semen:-wbcocme available. . . . ifiiaie De- 1U- J. Want-S Plnd. Czecho and-partment deletion! the timeHungary to form a realm or ln- [schedule must not be adversely
dependent anti-Nazi pro-Russian - 5e-cted by anything other thanstates. the rst two oi whichitne difficulties of solving our.
might Join together. Contrary;
to his previously expressed view.
be would be glad to see Vienna.
the capital of a rfederation of
South-German states. including
Austria. Bavaria, Wurttemberz.
and Baden. As you know, the
idea of Vienna becoming the cap-ital of a large Danubian fedora-I
tion has always been attractive
to me. though I should prefer no
add Hungary, to which U. J. isscientic problems. The 509th-
Composite Group. 20th Airl
Force, has been organized and;
it is now undergoing training as]
well as assisting in essential;
tests. . |
L. R. GROVES, iMajor General, U. S. A. I
llndorsementslz ,
To SFW I think the fore-1
going proposal should be ap-
proved with your concurrence
strongly opposed. ; , 5G. C. Mtarshalli. 1
Para. L As to Prussia. U. J.l
wished the Ruhr and the Saar,The Sec. oi War and the
President both read this paper1'1 detached and out out of action la d approved it. l2.'l0'!é L. P.££1&"{='£5Es§1§-'u.Eee; in-ternationdl -1G.
control and a separate state:
formed in the Rhineland. He
would also like the inte.rnational- l
ization of the Kiel Canal. I am}
not opposed to this line or
thought. .. *
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
FILES ~
The commanding general?
Manhattan] District project.
Grovesl. to the Chief of Sta.
Dmted States Arm}: lMarshalir:'
Top Secret War Department. i
_ _ - _ Washinlrton.
I - - December 30. 1944.
Subject: Atomic P$£i.*r: Bombs
To: The Chief
It is now reasonably certain
that our operation plans should
be based on the gun type bomb.
which. it is estimated. will pro-duce the equivalent of a tent
thousand ton TNT explosion.
The first bomb. without previous
full scale test which we do not
believe will be necessary, should
be ready about 1 Aucust 1945
The second one should be ready
by the end of the year and suc-
ceeding ones at . . . Si-ate De
Drtment deletion! intervals
thereafter. .
bomb might be developed in the.
18% shrine have now been dis-
sipated hr scientic dlicuities
F" ' we have not as yet been ve. I'll: pwis.
d these dlmcultsaa are thattnm-e !
Po 0- . tOI Sta
i h ..
j l. .
Ll
"i f .
.- 1 _ _ _our Dmdom hopes that anine nad been a year a o. andimplosion compresslnm type °;__1ll!£:;_ped Marshal Sta11$WU'll'l'd| FOVCSL
CHURCHILL TO ROOSEVELT
State Department deleted
four paragraphs!
Para. 5. Major war criminals
U. J. took an unexpectedly ul-
tra-respectabie line. There must
be no executions without trial.
otherwise the world would say
we were afraid to try them.
ROOSEv'El..T-STALIlN'
MEETING
February 4, 1945. 4 pm.
LJVADLA PALACE
' ' Present i
United States Soviet Union ,
President Marshal Stalin
Roosevelt Foreign
h!.r.Bohlen Comrnissar
Molotov
Mr. Pavlov
Bohlen Minutes
Top Secret
5 biect: General discussion.
Tl" President said that he
ad been very much struck by
he extent oi German destruc-
on of the Crimea and there-
ore he was more bloodthirsty
n regard to the Germans than
propose a toast to theexemrree-<-1 °
the German R -Marshal Stalin . . . said the, - d.German5 B Bamges age!
hatred the creative work oi
ihu§~n§¢n:=t§§li§§.5t aareed with mi . - 1I Marshal SP8. mt-an 133: 1:11about the l'l'llllT.Bl'{ 51'-115' iron .mg. Western id he felt that1 ThePres1d¢:w11el}:Bg¬Mm_g clgsetheOu81r:nti§Shave eon!-act betweeng .laid he hoped 593- E5enho :¬'hr, Could ;Q[ni'nl.lIllCBl£ directly W
"' st§iilip- Vvgrcé 8.DClJjhg Eresldent then said that
he understood the
zones ll: rB§&fd'io'0ccupation ol
Germany were already agreed
upon, to which Marshal Stalin
{question was that of a French
jzone of occupation. The Prés;-
ldent said he had had a good¬eal of troublé with the Britishn regard to zones of occupation.
he said that he would of lhnvel
preferred to have the north-
-west zone which would be in-
dependent of communications
ghrough France. but the British
seemed to think that the92 it = "91? lmpolmantjamericans should restore order
I
{while here would work out the
details of this suggestion.
H. The President than inquired
" how Marshal Stalin had gotten
along with Gen. De Gaulle.
i. Marshal Stalin replied that he
had not found De Gaulle a vet?
complicated person, but he felt
.he was unrealistic in the sense
that France had not done very
much ghting in this war and
De Gaulle demanded lull rights
. trim the l92_!nerlc-ans. British and
Russians who had done the
I burden oi the ghting. -
._ The President then described
his conversation with De Gaulle
in Casablanca two years ago
. when De Gaulle compared him-
-self with Joan of Are as the
ispiritual leader of France and
i with Clemenceau as the political
L leader.
i Marshal Stalin replied that De
3 Gaulle does not seem to under-
! stand the situation in France. . ..
P The President said he had re-
__cently heard that the French
» governmeht did not plan to annex
Eoutright any German territory
- but they are willing to have it
i placed under international con- trol.
Marshal Stalin replied that v.-as
not the story De Gaulle had told
in Moscowthere he said the
Rhine was the natural boundary
of France and he wished to have
French troops placed there in
permanency.92"T
. The President said he would
now tell the Marshal something
lndiscreet. since he would not
wls to say it in front of Prime
E ter Churchill. namely that
k _Brltlsh_for two years have
the idea of articially
g up France into a strong
which would have 200,000L on the Eastern border of
'Brii.lsh Army. H=said1heto hold the line for the
required to assemble a. ht 'l"'_1?°. _,_-...lsee. that the st-asl.'.n France and then return
political control to the British.
Marshal Stalin inquired
whether the President thought
IFrance should have a cone oi
|>ccupation, and for what reason.
Q The President said thought
Flt was not a bad idea. but he
added that it was only out oi
ltindness.
i Both Marshal Stalin and Mr.
Molotov spoke up vigorously and
said that would be the only lea-
aon to give France a none.
TRIPARTITE DINNER.
.' MEETING
February 4. 1945. 8:30 p.rn.
Livadia Palace
PRESENT
United States: President
Roosevelt. Mr. Byrnes. Mr. Har-
riman and Mr. Hohlen.
.Un.ited Kinadom: Prime Min-
ister Churchill, Foreign Secre-
tary Eden. Sir Archibald Clarl:
Kerr and Mai. Bl:-se.
P Soviet Union: Marshal Stalin.
,'Foreign Comrnlssar Molotov, Mr.
={IVyshinsk}'. Mr. Gromyko and
_I-ir. Pavlov.QT Bohlen minutes: .
Lop Secret
ubiect: Voice of smaller powers
'n postwar peace organization.
: : : Marshal Stalin made it
uiie plain on a number oi oc-
asions that he felt that the
great powers which had borne
the brunt 0; the war and hac;verated f 7 domini-
on the _ wev . I18r
"1
.1
1,-
. 3.2
.1,
-"¢'..ir
-. .;__.-r, . .--r
14>-
'-.'i~.'
1..-< '
1-8325'
-_--a
q.
.
2??-7.
, _1. 4---.4.. 13Hr-.
;-r-rs:
-ifan"
.,r.
X
. 92;_-;.-;-v_;r.f-::-r-'*__.;-.-- - ,. Y!- ii-< - . . .. . - lthe are um he 0Dl1Id~sel'Ve no
"~"*-*'interest that that -" "2and people him
;n.t.he ationai arena -the_
Soviet Union was prepared to =
pay its share in the preservation 1
iotpcace. He sald that it waslrldlwlous to believe th.at_Albanla;youidpi-lave an, equal voice withithe three great powers who had
won the war and were present
It this dl er.-.'_j_M.l_.rahni1Sta.lin said that herk Prep!-l'od -in ooncerywithi, ';Unlted summmsmormr 1taln to protect e ts of% anall powers but that he
_would never agree to having any =
notion of any oi the great powers
ésubmitted to the judgment of the
powers. . . iPresident said he agreed lg
_ t the great powers bore the il-"*1 * '
-and that he personally 403-J-L131
Fr h ld ' -B-IlL£,_§ 0}! _.Dlay apveloylrn
Dortent to c. He ._, - went onto say that Great--Britain did0.1: .K_'i$h .t-o _bear_ itheeghole
weight of an attack by Germany
in the future and !or_this reason
they would like to see Francestrong and lg posses.-;;on_ jo1 alarge Brmy. H said it miss prob-
lernatical how long the" nUi:,ed
States lorces would he able toistayln Europe. ' -
. The President replied that he
did not believe that American
troops would stay in Europe
much more than two years.
Marshal Stalin . ._ . reputed
that he wished to see France a
strong power but that he could
not destroy the truth. which was
that France had contributed lit-
tle to this war and had opened
-the gate to the enemy. In his
opinion, he said, the control com-
mission {or Germany should be
run by those who have stood later responsibility and that
pace should be written by
-g three powers represented at
_ table.
f;s.'Ihe Prime Minister said that
.'t!:e:'e was no quation of the
_srna.l1 powers dictating to the
M8 Down"! but that the great na-
.o1 the world should dis-
idaaz-ge their moral responsibility
Ind leadership and should exer-@ their power with moderation
gird neat respect for the rightsg .the smaller natiois. Mi-.'' said to Mr. Bohlen that
{they would never agree to thegym of the small powers toJ15! the acts or the great ;
Qowers, and in reply to an ob-
by Mr. Bohlen con-l
the opinion oi American
people he replied that the Ameri-
5I_-I1 people should learn to obeytheir leaders. Mr. Bohlen said that 1: Mr. Vyshinsld would visit ithe United hfhtes he would use ii:2 set? him undertake to mu that ifL e American people. Mr.
Vyshlnski l'923p1iBd that he would i
-be also to do so.!
The Prime Minister, referringIn the riehcs or the Small mi-,
!1Jl".."l. rave a quotation which
laid: The eagle should permit
the small birds to sing and carepot whereior they sang . . ." i
snconn Pnanaar MEETING.
. Fel_92!".:ar'y 5. less, 4-s pm;' Liv-adia Palace
-_ Bohlen Minutes I' Ibo Secret -
"subject: Treatment -er 0,1-- l' Many. I
".rE'.¥E""*..;.l*£*1E.'*!-led =1-*-,-= l"92-"Ill-ll u. would nnng I1I111!!! complications it we should
.5!!! -four nations imteed ofl
lm Pyrcloanz in the deter-5urination at G-erman-motion...
1" e. Prime jllnistq-__r¢pl1ed£__ __'l!"'!elt7 _ _ that-t1tls;§|g];gml: question oi-_-the E01' Pnnoe-_ in flu:-ope 'rmly against Germany and
have made the greatest sacrifices
in bringing victory.
The President remarked that
he had also been through thelast war and that he remernberes
very vividly that the Unite
States had lost a great deal oi
money. He said that we had lent
over $10 billion to Germany and
that this time we would not re-
peat our past mistakes. He said
that in the United States after
the last v.-ar the German prop-
erty that had been sequestered
during the war had been turned
back to the German owners. but
that this time he would seek the
necessary legislation to retain
for the United States all German
Droperty in America. . . . The
President concluded. . . . That
despite his desire to see the dev-
astated area in all countries, in
the Soviet Union, in Great
Britain. in France, and else-
where, restored. he felt that
reparations could not possibly
cover the needs. He concluded
that he was in Iavor of extract-
ing the maximum in reparations
from Germany but not to the
extent that the people would
starve. . . .
THIRD PLENARY MEETING
February 6, 1945. 4 PM.
Livedia Pale-.2.
Matth.-ws m.l.n|.Ite5. -
President: I should like to
bring up Poland As I said in
Teheran. in general I am in favor
or the Curzon Line. Most P~le=.
like -the .Chln-ese, want to save
Ii-oe. . . The Iyales would hit:
East Prussia and part of Ger-
many It would make it msier
!or me at home I! the Soviet
government could'iive something
Btelm: The Prime I-Fir...-eter his
ii -{hit for Great B'l'll!'.i'1:1e
question oi Poland is a question>for Riser it it sol
U1 neuuruq q LU i§ I-JU924l'J§BI|-1}
that Poland be free. independent
w ul ItisnotonL7at1e to make iplans !o.Er"'"a§1-.- -mE"'somm '01 e an po erl °n 113* -.»-73 1.3qugstion of honor but of hie and 310966 U151; it would point nec-
dmth for the Soviet state That
is why Russia today is B835-115% J
the Czarist policy of abolition or
Poland We have completely
changed this inhuman policy Ind
started a policy of Iriendshi-p andindependence for Poland This iiactually "to - f i_nvade_'.__. the
ai!l1118$9 islan s_an_d_.__a;ou_ld do
only if ab _1ute.ly__-_pepessar}'.
The Japanese had 4 piillion me:-.
their -army ad he hoped by
intensive bombing to able toestroy Japan and it-5IlIl_§' and
ris the basic oi our 90111:! and Wei
favor a sirens indepdt P0-
l_n_nd. . . . I preler that the war
continue a little longer and give
3Poland compensation in the West
at the expense oi Germany. . . .
Now as a military man I must
say what I demand of a country
_liber-atod by the Red Army. First
-,there should be pea-ce and qlllt
"in the wake of the army. The
men of the Red Anny are indif-
they do want onethat will main-
tam order behind the The
liublin Warsaw government ful-
Ifils this role not badly. Thereare agents of the London sov-
ernment connected with the so-
called underground. They are
called resistance forces. We have
| had nothing good from them but
-much evil. So tar their agents
have killed 212 Russian military
men. . . . When I compare the
agents or both sovernments I
find that the Lubiin ones are
useful and the others the con-
trary. . .
Prime Minister: I must put
{on record that both the British
and Soviet governments have
different sources of information
in Poland and get dierent
tests. Perhaps we are mstaken
but I do not feel that the Lublln
government represents even one
third of the Polish people. . . .
ROOSEVELT-STALIN
MEETING.
l February 8, 1945, 3:_30 p.m._
Livadia Palance.
Present
United S t a t e st President
=R.oose-velt, Mr. I-Iarrlman and Mr.
Bohlen.~ -.-. - ...... -1 _.u...E %'I'1'¬i- U1-'|iu1"L Morph»; staun-.iForeian Commlssar Molotos and
Mr. Pavlov.
Bohlen Minuts .
Top Secret i
.jAlr Bases in the For East -
Y-_ The President said that -with
{the fall of iliianiia the Wlif in the
l_Pacillc was entering into a
° @%¥i=" " in ' U12 937 E
,-H§._8a_.t_cl the _ .
W ___ __m_,_u:,_,..Y,. n--_--at wlnvwsv 7 ~. 1-» -.only a question oflionor . _
D - . co - .
' 1. ,= ,,
- -0 -31
-ti
lw
new phase and that wej hoped!the ---;-s-*-s-r1eiii>'nv-;.ri 1;
Marshal Stalin said h_e,did-_~noi
object to the United States hav-
Lng;bases at Konllsomolsgpr at
Nlkolaevsl-:. . "-
Far East: Russian Desires.
Following the discussion of
certain military questions in-
volved in the Far East, Marshal
Stalin said that he_ would like
to discuss the political condi-
'ons under which the USSR ierent as to what kind of gov-1 01-116 611'-81' the W8-1' I!-Zlintermnent there is in Pol-and but gpall - - - -
The President said he felt that
here would be no diicultf-'
hvhatsoever in regard "to the
Fouthem hall oi Sakhalin andgig Kurllue Islands Boing toussia at the end or the war.
I-Io said that in regard to warmTzvater port inthe Far East for"re """- U"io'* '"*"al IJUYICU Ll Ll, BIICMI-IBIJltecalled that they had discussed
that point at Teheran. He added
that he had then suggested that
the Soviet Union be given the
Use o! a warm water port at the
fend of the South Manchurian
railroad, at possibly Dalren. He
went. on to say that there are
two methods for the Russians
to obtain the use of this port:
ll Outright leasing Train the
Chinese; ! Making Dali-en a
free port under some form of
international commission. He
said he preferred the lattermethod. "
Marshall Stalin said there was
'another question and that in-
volved the use by the Russians
inf fhll MQ hIIFtl 1I||i'|1:'=?: Ho I. DlI92-1 .-aunt.- ..a-nu A341" J . ~ ala.
isaid the Czars had use oi the line
ing from Manchouli to Har-
in and Iro mthere to
ur. as well as the
e from Harbin running east- _. . - -
it
I
-1
*3.
;-.='_E
513
'.-
-P.h is
i s or
-ilnora-._n;ith the Kaba.rov-
i Vladivostok line. o
~ The President said that again,
although he had not talkedMarshal Chiang Kai-shei: on the
iisubject. there were again two
methods of b!'LTi8i!1£ this about:
! To lease under direct Soviet
operation; ! Under a commis-
15101] composed of one Chinese
and one Russian. .
| Marshal Stalin said that it is
rolear that if these conditions are
not met it. would be difficult for
Thirn and Molotov to explain to
the Soviet people why Russia was
Fentering the war against Japan. They understood clearly the war
l against Germany which had
threatened the very existence
§of the Soviet Union, but they
would not understand why Rus-
sia would enter a war against a
lrcountry with which they had no
lgreat trouble. He said. however,
LU these political conditions were
4110'-. F-be Dellle would under-
3stand the national interest in-
{volved and it would be very much
ieasier to erplai nthe decision tothe Supreme Soviet.
' The President replied that he
had not had an opportunity to
talk to Marshal Chiang Kai-
shek and he Ielt that one of Lhe
oiicuities in speaking to the
Chinese was that anything said
to them was known to the whole
world in 24 hours.
Marshal Stalin agreed and
he did not think it was
in ssary yet to speak to the
lhinese and that he. could guer-
-antee the security of the Su-
preme Soviet.
Marshal Stalin went on to say
that in regard to the Chinese,
'1. V. Boong was expected to
come to Moscow at the end of
iApril, and he said that when it
-; was possible to tree a number
of Soviet troops in the West and
move 25 divisions to the Fartam he thought. it would be
,.possible to speak to Marshal
Kai-abet about these
l matters. '
" Marshal Stalin said that in
regard to the question of aiwarm water port the Rusilgiwou14....|;qf, E; dlihcult an e
would not 0 iect to an {Eterna-
Fonalisod free port. _ .to Nikolsk-Ussurisk conngtlilg The President then sol-d--iee~__'ljgt_os"rr:a.sa11=s :-
iwished to discuss the question oi
gt:-usteeships with Marshal Stalinl
;He said he had in mind for Korea
lo trusteeship composed oi 1
lSov'iet, an American and 1!. Chi-_.
;nese representative. "He said the
only experience we had had in
jthls matter was in the Philip-
jpines where it had taken about
:50 years tor the people to be[prepared for '" self-government.
.L..He felt that in the case of_.H.oi-ea
the period might be from 20 to
i 30 years. ' ,
' Marshal Stalin said the shorter
the period the better, and he"
inquired whether any foreign
troops _woul_d be stationed -tnKorea."- _' __ ' I .-
. The President replied in the
negative. to which Marshal
,Stalin expreesed'approvai.' 1
1 1 The President then said there
was one question in regard to
-Korea which was delicate. Hegpersonally om not feel it was
5 necessary to invite the British to
'na:-tieipate in the trusteeship oi
Korea, but he Ielt that they
. might resent this. .
' Marshal Stalin replied that
they would most certainly be
oended. In fact, he said, the
Prime MU5lEf might kill us."
In his opinion he felt that the
British should be invited.
The President then said he
ialso had in mind a trusteeship
for Indo-China. "He added that
the British did not approve oi
this idea as they wished to give
it back to the French since they
feared the implications oi a
trusteeship as it might aect
_ Bunna -
Marshal Stalin remarked that
5 the British had lost Burma once
through reliance on lodo-China.
and it was not his opinion that
Britain was a sure country to
5 protect this area. He added that
he thought Indo-China was a
very important area.gze President said France had
Cont-inu on Page A-5. Col. 1!. -- 5-I
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