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CHICAGO SUN TIMES
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
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E CHALLBIGEI AND FRIENDS -Mulcom
leader of the Block Muslim movement
In New Yorl: City is shown with his family
and Cassius Clay, at Clay: training camp
in Miami, Flo. Minister Malcolm and his
family were quest: of the challenger for
the l'|eavyweigl92t boxing tit'¢7" he World '
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xzmna 4-1954
Q§;.;m a gag?and were oelebroting their wedding arm -
versory. From le"Ft in the photo are Minis
Malcolm: wife, Betty, daughter Attila ,
Minister Malcolm, daughter Qubilah, Cl
and baby daughter llyasah. Photo
Robert Huggins!
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Muslims in Chicago, that Mal-
colm is locked tn a "power
struggle" with Elijah Mu-
hammad, leader of the sect.
The Chicago convention is set
for Feb. 28. -
Malcolm was auspandod by
the Muslim leader in early
December during tho period of
national mourning {or Prui-
diii Kaaaiiii whoa }-is-Icolia
Ila said lo have made ra-
' marks critical oi rho Ian Pram-
lclont.
;_ We expect some 2,000 de1e~
gates and all Muslims who are
in good standing can attend.
Since Malcolm is still under
suspension, he is not in good
standing," John Ali, national
secretary of Muhammad's
Mosque, reportedly told a cor~
" respondent of the Amsterdam
I-Te'ws.
Because Malcolm's suspen-
sion trom normal aciivitie: is
1 "indefinite." Ali said, it would
_ ely to assuml-tire!-itT NEW YORK i1imnt and outspoken
stalwart of the _ ac Muslims, will not attend the
Chicago convention of the group, according to a story
in the New York Amsterdam News. ~-
The story followed a series oi rumors, denied by
would be lifted before the
convention." The sole decision,
according to Ali, is up to Mu-
hammad, who is now in Phoe-nix, fr:-izona. H lg' It aaema that the suaporuio
la not sau92o:.hing_1ha8 ioul:l92
bo_-dalalriralnod by-_0that nI:Il- F
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Malcolm remain: silent in his
NEW York residaiee, and has
not made any public or relig.
1°-18 appearances at Mos que
N". 7| 01 which he was the
former minister. Visiting Mug.
hm leaders from around the
cmmtry have appeared to take
over Malcolm: duties at the
°$q11E- A large delegation of
ew Yorkers have chartered
[planes to y to the one-day
L...HQ1 QECORDED i _ _
128 MAR 4 1964 A_ ram icagq Meetinl _--...__.________1 E Mr. 'f',~|,,_.n
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' CAUTION: ADVANCE I IS COLUMN FOR RELEASE MOE. I, FEBRUARY 211
AND P.M. PAPERS. HLTST Nod BE PUBLISHED BEFORE THAT DATE.!
WASHINGTON REPORT Hm
BY FULTON LEWIS, JR.,
COPYRIGHT, l961¢,_1c:so rmrunss sqnicnm, INC.
HASiilliG'l0?i, FEB. 23 -- A bitter struggle for control of
fanatic Black Muslim movement Ilse broken out.
'1'he protagonists: ___|[a_l__eog;__X_, s fiery, self-admitted recove
narcotics addict who has been the uslimv leading spokesman in recentJ Hr, 'sl1:F;||___Mr Cnnnaéhighs nlit .311
Mr. SuiIr. TlVel_._.__Mr. T1-<Msr__Gele. Boomiu. us Hckn1u._..Ilse Bandy
years; and Elijah lluhsnmag, g self-styled Messenger or Allah who ' 92_,r.
'beenjhe country's Muslim-in-Chief for three decades. I3,
Malcolm was suspended by Mohamed for an indefinite period
months ,sgo "tor mking wisecracks about the assassination oi
c~»==._¢".- Ir no
mmarks were but an excuse to muzzle Malcolm, Muhammad
rival. A confidential government report reveals that Malcolm has not
taken this disciplinary action gracefully and he has attempted to
develop support among other leaders or the Black Mulime in
. : section oi the coumtry. b'|Q_
Malcolm has reportedly won to his side the influential New
tsction. ghicsgo leaders -- many oi whom are sons and daughters or
Muhammad -- have stuck by their leader. 51¢
There have been ei1'orts to characterize the Muslim rift asloontest between moderates and extremists with Malcolm leading the
radical contingent. Such an observation is folly.
_ In June, 1962, a plane carrying 130 Americans crashed in Paris,
_ killing all aboard. Malcolm then laid down Muhammad's line in a Los
Angeles speech:
_*i7 7, 7 ,___, _ "I would like to announce e. very beautitul thing that happened.
- 2- """"'*'*5 As you know, we have been praying to Allah. we have been praying that
He muld in some way let us know that he has the power to executive
Justice upon the heads or those who are responsible for the lynching
of Ronald Stokes killed by police in I. Black Muslim riot!-
_ _ ' "And I got a wire from soc today,"
_ At this point Malcolm was interrupted by wild laughter.
_ Wait! Wait! Well, somebody came and told me that He really
_ y snswered gur prayers over in France. He dropped an airplane out or
o _' - ' 7"-_" "_'_7':f*,;: the ski '§=" Over a hundred and twenty white people on it, because
lazslims believe in an eye tor an eye em! s tooth for a tooth."
.- , __._'_f___ renzied cheering then broke out.
_-~,}g~-.- 5"-r';1i', ; gees}-is of them in one 92lhoo'p...But thanks to God» erl W 92° hovalf; or lallch, we will continue to pray and we hope that ever! day* out of the on-_n
" " Muhanm:sd,2the alleged moderate, proclaims "the devil is the
white men -- the white nan is s doomed race." Muhammad's teaching holds
that white men wen "by nat1;;'e;cres1ied_a_!:liars and murderers; they are
the enemies or truth and righteousness, snd thegenemies or those who
seek the t;!uth...the human beset -- the serpent, the dragon; the devil,
and Satan - all mean one and the same: the people or race known as
Ithe white or Caucasian race: IWW LL= I/a.a=_-1/7J:J7".3?E _ . ""e 1 4 flu IM -5_- :____ , ______,l ;_ .*
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IFOR sztmss MONDAY, ssssuunv 211,. 1961» 1- PAGE 2
BY FULTON IEWIS, an: - xx racei."
I Muhamad comes close to preaching outright sedition. His
followers dodge the draft. He speaks knowingly of the "Battle of
Armageddon" and has promised that "white rule in the United States
will be overthrown by 1970."
Muslims are forbidden to eat pork; A Muslim minister explained
why: "The hog is dirty, quarrelsome, greedy, ugly, foul, a scavenger
which thrives on filth. It is a parasite to all other animals. It
will even kill and eat its own. Do you agree? In short the hog has
all the characteristics of a white man."
The dispute between Malcolm and Muhammad may come out into the
open at the Muslims upcoming convention. More than 2,000 delegates
are expected to attend and it is not known if Malcolm will be seated.
"A11 Muslims who are in good standing can attend," a Muslim
spokesman said the other day. Whether that includes Malcolm is not
lcnown .
Minister Lonnie 3X, a Muslim leader in the District of Columbia,
refused comment when asked about the Malcolm-Muhammad feud.
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.5/IYFMJY Bi""'**ii""/¢b7"i
if Black Muslim Group Divides
By MAJOR ROBINSON . ,A _ _ _ l H - , K §0£ The New York Courier! '
'The absence of Malcolm X ontroversial and fiery leader of the Muslims localMosque, from the co he black sect in Chicago Wednesday, has spurred
rumors that he has ended his association with Elijah Muhammad and would soon an-
. nonnce the formation of a new group. ' ' y
*3 The guest oi" heavyweight champ Cassius Clay for the past month in Miami, Mal-; _.". ____n 4*
_1.i;:». Ronni .
l-.155; 1-l::i'i".es__
1'-liss Gandy_..__..
-"'_"f,derogatory remarks concerning; 3"
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llence at the Muslims hEdQ-I..t2l.'- M-'
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'1'.calm X has been unusually quiet? i I _ ." T7 * *
since his suspension as New york that son was a _rnemher. their Chicago brothers, whom
k 1- - I Clay did attend a Muslim meet- they consider as being conserva-§§° ° {, ,3 ff M §" f1 jlng in Philadelphia in the fall live
th d th f th I t P id L .Considered the strongest and Malcolm _ want.l_ to participateJoin? Kgnnedg a E ma en Imost poweriul at the MLl5l1|.I'lmOl'B actively with nth]:-N05»
Attempts to learn whether msileaders, Malcolm s New- York groups in every phase of the cur-mspension is I temporary or a fgllowers are more militant than ' ' '
permanent one met with stonv si- .
ters in Chicago. Many insist that
Muhammad's immediate family.
resented the status of Malcolm as.
the most quoted in the newspa-I
per: and on TV of the Muslims. i
Denies Membership
' Though he has denied his affilia-
tion with tlie Muslims, the Cour-
jer learned that the newly-crowm '
ged heavyweight champ, Cassius
Clay, is solidly in Malcolm's cor-
ner and would lend the inuence --
of his nation-wide standing to anyJalum of his friend to establish
la cult oi his own. -1 For the past few years Clay.
has irted with the idea of be-:'
Em? ah silent worshipper" of:l e us ms. In Miami a tew'ysahqsmn mm "$HB~m?a|Q
1 I" -|_
Q 57MW¬3n00 393739? / -/-1 V '
NOT HECOHDEP em er W en e ma e B age last ear. - insider told the Coui-iei:that1
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hammad's_ inner circle is satis-
y_fe<i with their present image.
_Anot_her factor in Malcolm's
favor is that the business inter-
ests of the New York Mosque
have multiplied and prospered.
creating employment for many
ifegroes. iey point out thatthe
Windy City faction _,hasn't lared
this well and jealousies have de-
veloped as a result. '
In any attempt to go out on
his own Malcolm would need
money to start from scratch.
with the hacking of Clay he
could find support tram as many
as 75 per e'ent of those who be-
long to the New York temple.
At the one-day Chicago con-
ientinn, the 5,60%: nieiaerf ex-
pected to be in attendance were
to be addressed by Elijah Mu-
hammad, who ew_ in from
Phoenix where he stays most of
the time due to failing health.
The wards he uttered there could
be the tip-otl to whether Malcolm
stayed or quit as a member of
the sect. l
Lewis Michaux, president of
the African Nationalist Council in
Anneriee, wired Muhammad tni
give careful judgment before he
condemned Malcolm X. He is re-
garded as being sympathetic to
the latter and has supported him
in thernut, -._----
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HE'S THE GREATEST Champ Cassius Clay
is shown above with his Friend Malcolm
X. Muslim minister of New York and Mal-
corn's family. This photograph was taken
several weeks ago while Clay was train-
l world's heavyweight champion-
-r .v. '-4 I
I
Ks.
ship which he won Tuesdav! night in
Miantif Malcolm was Clay: guest for a
month in Florida. Speculation continues
that Clay may support the fiery Malcolm
if the Muslim movement splits. '
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I Malcolm 'was recently" sus-
pendedfrom all of his former
oicial duties as minister of
92Mosque No. 7, in~New York's
Harden area, when he made
some allegedly derogatory re-
igiarhs concerning the "death oi
1 a-i.e Frcsident John T. Ken-
&§d7.He was suspended by Elijah
Muhammad, leader of the Mus-
lime.
" Robinson atatea he learned
that the ne Irly-crowed
heavyweight champ, Cassius
1 Clay, is solidly in Malcolm!
5 corner and would lend the In-
fluence el his nation-wide
standiag to any efforts of his
!riee.'.! to establish a cttlt et92 ta .
ago, Clay; - father told the
press that his sun was a mem-
ber and. in fact, did attend a-
jlltlslim confab last fall ir. Phil-adelphia, Pa, .- . ' '
'_ Robinson: article point: out
that the Muslims in New York
are much more direct and mili-
? - ' ill4 x .
-l' _ _92'ReP¢.rttC
In Miami, 'severa1 weeksl" -1- 92-_-l£"'*'"c-' ---- ,-,.,,, _., .. - _ - . ._ ,- _ '~ "4' -",1-'..---" -r- _' i mt---i
_,___.-1 .
" "An insider ma," Rubia-
son wrote, that Malcolm
wants to participate more ac-
tively with other Negro
groups in every phased! the
current Nelro revolution
while Muhammad's inner eir
cle, is satised with J-h '
present imege ~ .
Several "omens" are "in
I-IaLcolrn's possession, Robin-
son says, should the Muslim
leader decide upon forming a
splinter group.
Robinson also points out
the Iaet that '1husi.nesa inter»
eels of the New York mosque
have multiplied and pros-
pered, creating employment
[or many Negroes.
Lewis Michaux, president oi
ti: Atrican Nationalist Coun-
ciL in America, Robinson said,
"'ired'_uhammad"'lZ'_live
I 92{92log u
in Uni}.
r ~ §'_/l,~t U_; ._. .. _ . .-
Plcm Neg oirgenizqtion
ii - New YORK - Malcolm x. sus ended New'Y0'1-ll;
i§3d&I,0.f_'HlE Black Muslims, may seen breek his ties
-with the group and form ti new organization with the
lzgacking of new heavywe_igl1t champion Cassius Clay,
according to Major Robinson, writer for the New York -careful judgement before he
condemned Malcolm. He is re-
garded a being sympathetic to
1",,-...--.,e °"'"' and has supmrted
| him in the past." """"'_""
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3-3'64
WEEKLY
JOHN SEN? STA
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MALCOLM 1: ° 55 CID
urn YOR --r K ORHER BLACK USLIH LEADER Hah¥QLH_1 SUGGESTED TONIGHT ITHAT NEGROES WHO ARE Oiilééi BYszcnrca srs SHOULD HAIE a snotcan en RIFLE wzru wnrcn ro azraaxarz.
MALCOLM uno svmrr uzru THE nusnxn to oncanxzznxs own aalcx NATIONALIST PARTY sax RVIEU HALTER cnouxxrz wrrn THE cas Evan: PARTS or
run couurav nzcnors an: azxnc 'saura
I THINK THAT EVERYONE OF THOSE N
IFLE WITH UHICH H SHOULD ALWAYS O C LSTS.
HOT GUN.OR
TSOEVER TO BRUTALIZE NEGRO THAT NECRO SHOULD HAVE A SHOT GUNa nrrnr ana an snouzn us: 11 16 nzrrnn HIMSELF.
naLcoLn was nor ruvrrrn ro_rn: ran. 2s anacx nusaxa convzurrourgzcgfaco, tn: asason souaczs nav: cxvzu roa nxs wzrnnaawaa rnon
I
an saxn aaacx Nar1oNaLIsn '15 was rorxrx couczrr xx wnxcu tn:
nacx PEOPLE an: srarvznc roa a narrow or r own. ruzv aa:zxvanssxuc a assxaz T0 cowraoa rnrra own PO an nrsrxuv, asxuc IIconprzrz conrnoa or rnzxa own POLITICS.
3/9--N11asP£s
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In MALCOLM x urn Yea: 4:9: ' - Iii nzcadié use an:
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wens "~
. 3/"*"IIl9FE5AL 0 M SAID BUTTIME ANY SECREGATIONIST OR UNITE SUPRE OT MAKES ANY EEFORT L
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MAIIIIULMHPEITS
WITH MUHAMMAD
Suspended Muslim Leade
Plans Black Nationalist
I Political Movement
_ By 1-utxnutnMaicol broke last night
'V~1Til" E__lija.h Muhammad's Chl-
cago-based Black Muslim move-
ment and announced that he
was organizing a politically ori-
ented "black nationalist party."I He said the party would seel-'1
to convert the Negro popula-Ition from nonviolence to active
I-e1fd_efe11se against white su-
premacists in all parts of the
;country.
. "I remain a Muslim," Malcolm
said , hut the main emphasis 0!
the new movement will be black
nationalism as g political con-
cept and Iorxn of social a. on
against the oppressors."
i I have reached the co lu-,=1=>a." he sod. "that 1 _.-t
spread Mr. Muhammad! mes-
-sage by staying out of the Na-tion 0! Islam and continuing to:
work on my own among Amer-
ical 22 million non-Muslim Ne-'
; Had Been Suspended
I Malcolm has been under sus-
pension by Mr. Muhammad as
the New York leader or the;
jseparatist Black Muslim move-7
ment. ' I1
_' He asserted last night that
the movement had "gone as far I
as it because it was too
narrowly sectarian and too in-I
__h.l.blt.ed. ii
_' "I am prepared." Malcolm
. laid. to cooperate in local civil .
rights actions in the South and
elsewhere and 511311 do so be-
181138 Hirer] Campaign for 5139- ,
-en the political consciousness of
the Negroes and intensify their If
identification against white so- -I
clety." I _ _ J
. Malcolm said he had accepted .
GclI'lIl!ilH'ih Page dun
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_----a _ __i.-__...-._i.__
MAITMILMXSPHTS
WITH MUHAMMAD
Contlnued From Page 1, Col. I
an invitation to help a civil
rights committee in Plaque
mines Parish County!, 1;. _
T¬fi is no use deceiving-
ourselves," Malcolm said. Good
Bd-W011. housing and jobs are-
imperatlves tor the Negroes.|and I shall support them in|
their fight to win these objec-
tives, hut I Shall tell the Ne-
groes that while these are nec-
B558-IT. they cannot solve the
main Negro problem."
Malcolm continued:
"I shall also tell them that
what has been called the Negro
revolution in the United Statesis a deception tgracticed uponithem, because ey have only
l
i
iyear. - .
'Revolut1on, the Lmeriean
There can be no revolution
:
-portunities to do so.
their parents and realize thatilto examine the failur oi thisso-called revolution toe produce.any positive results in the past
I shall tell them what J real,
revolution means--the Frenchl
lutioa. Alili to name a few.
without bloodshed, and it is
nonsense to describe the civil
rights movement in ehnaerica Q
a revolution."
Malcolm said Elijah Muham-
mad had prevented him from
Participating in civil rights
struggles in the South al-
though he had had many op-
It is going to be different
now," Malcolm said. "I'm going
to join in the fight wherever
Negroes ask tor my help, and
I suspect my actvities will be
on a greater and more inten-
aive scale than in the plat.
Would Speak at College .
"I shall also accept all im-
portant speaking engagmqitllat colleges and universities,"
Malcolm said, "because I ti:-id
that most white students are
more attuned to the times than.
something is fuhdamelitaliylwrong in this country." IMalcolm has spoken at more
than 20 colleges and univerai-,
ties. including Harvard and
Yale. He said his popularity as
a univety speaker hid
armlsed the animus and jeal-
ousy ocl Elijah Muhanimadw
family.Deception iiF Malcolm said that 511°"-*1
' rival!7"vNI6 re-sponsible for his suspension 15-9
December. . _L "Envy," Malcolm said. bl!-F145mm and makes it "1'1P°551bl¢for themhato thiiit <=iearlY- T111,in what ppen " 1i{&!<!cII1'n'5 sP¢°°h IF M=~"* *'tan Center alter President Keri-inedfg dgath W35 only U12 ¬X'_cuse for his susporwlrh M!-1°°1m
Isaio. In that speech W-l°°1'"
Hdeclared that Mr. Kemiedfl.
assassination was a case of T-M
; chickens coming home t-0
roost."
Malcolm contended that hisphrase had been mlsmterpreted.
He said. he had meant that I
spread of social hatred 118-Kl <39
=ated an atmosphere that madeassassination saossible. lMalcolm sai he had not been
invited to the annual Black"
Muslim convention in Chicago
on Feb. 26. Later, he said, he
telephoned Elijah Muhammadand requested clarification oiI
his status.
He received a letter from Mr. I
Muhammad that left the ques-i
tlon unanswered, he said. I Malcolm said he decided then
Ithat the time had come for h
to act, but that he W0!-lid 7-
Iset himself up as a rival to .1l Muhanimad or provoke him.
Plans New York Bale
Malcolm declared that his
rst task would be to construct
an organization based i.n New
York. I-le said that he was
ported by rnany Negro intellec-
tuals and professionals whoI
could not accept Islam but ac-
cepted the Black Muslim viewlot race relations in the United
States.
l Malcolm contended that Ne-
groes were dissatisfied with the
progress of the civil rights move-
ment and that this had created
the basis for I successful black
jnatlonalist political movement.-.He declared: ii-heI "The white power structure
is hopeful that the civil rights
_'lg,dQ1'5 will channel the demands
and the bitterness or the Ne-
vgrog into a token painless corn-
prorniee. They are mistaken.
The white leaders don't realize
Ithe extent to which the civil
rights leaders have deceived
them about the true feeling! of
the Negroes. i
"_gnoi_he1- thing. The Negroes
l still dont understand the power
of the haunt in the N0-h- We
must make them understandthat the Islegro voters iivi ItThe
The
Jew
low
Jew
low
wlew
The
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Sullivan it
Tove] Mi
Trotter ..__..i
Tele Room __._
Holmes l
Gondy i.___________
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Time! Herold I
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Evening Slur
York
York
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Journal-American ___
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tlndtcate pane, name of 7
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Violence in Aide Split _ __ GE 39
By DON CARSON
Associated Press Staii Writer
The leader of the Black
Muslims declared last night
that s reported split with his
top aide would not lead to
Negro violence. '
My people are more adapt-
ed to peace," Elijah Muham-
mad said. "They believe in
peaceful solutions."
Muhammad, the B5-year-old
leader of an estimated 275,000
Negroes, spoke during an in-
terview in his southeast Phoe-
nix home.
l-liseyes watered occasion-
ally as he spoke about the de-
fection of Malcolm X, consid-
ered tbe No. 2 man in the
movement. '
Malcolm X bolted the par-
mt group Sunday to promote
"active self defense against
white supremacists." He de-
clared that he was still a
Muslim, but intended to work
on his own. i
"We are surprised," Mu-
hammad said. I never
dreamed this man would devi-
ate from the Nation oi Islam.
Every one of the Muslims ad-
mired him. But what he has
said makes it definite. He has
deviated.-IIu-|i- - .»MADCOLTK '
'shns-smmr '
Maybe I'm a little too slow
for him," Muhammad slid.
He's energetic But he has
more brains than to start any
violence._ He _doesnt have any
guns, any animunition."
Muhammad said his organi-
sation would continue to pur-
sue the peaceful approach in
his attempt "to follow the rev-
elations which came to me
from Allah. Muhammad said the Mus-
lims behave in separation of
race only }'if America will not
give us equal yusuce."
Then he added: I. see no
signs of equal justice."
If this is not attained, he
said the Muslims ask that the
slave master and his slave
be separated. Let us return
where they brought us from,
and if not that, then give us
some territory and give a lit-
tle start and let us live by ourselves. ' '
"Instead of trying to toler-
ate dissatisfaction between
white and black and mongrd-
ize the nation; let us sepa-
rate. '
Predicting failure for any
attempt at Negro violence,
Muhammad said he felt Mal-
colm Xs action would have no
effect on the outcome at the
Civil Rights bill pending In
Congress or on the attitudes
of the nations 22 million non-
Muslim Negroes. _ --
He also revealed that he
contacted leaders in such
gro organizations as the N
tional Association for the Atl-
vancement of Colored People
and the Urban League, but
had recdved no answers yet._. jig__ .__ - - 1 ...-
- I-1 uo1n:conn:o_"'! 2% he MAR 2o .964
5'7MAR .'?2l964 _________,,,,P
F
92
._ 1/ARIZONA REPUBLIC
IZONA
Date:
Edition:
Author:
Editor:
1-m,, 192'¬A1ION
IS - P301ISLAM
Churuct er:
or
Clanllttcutton: 3
Submttunq Otttce:
E Being Investigated
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. The new organization Mal-
tens '1igEtsor£al2a'tiohs~was -F f Mount Clipping In Spa , ,, _,_
' - -~ _. --92..._,..,
In, RALPH snsrrusws JR-
NEW YORK, N.Y. Mal-
colm X has left the Black
Muslim religious organization
and will form his own revolu-
tionary party. .
I There can be no revolu-
tlon without bloodshed " theery suspended official of
the semi-secret sect headed
thy Elijah Muhammad said
Sunday in announcing his
break. It is nonsense to de-
scribe the civil rights move-
ment in America as a revo-
lution." -
rcolm is establishing will have
j as a key goal teachmg colored
. Americans self-defense" a-y
gainst white racists, ' 1; 0 0 0 » I '- _
1 IN SERVING notice that he 1
was going it alone. Malcom
X said he felt the philospophy
on non-violence stressed by
i, deception and thét"c_61o1'Bdpeople ivvoull'l;, see they had'gbeen tricked" because they
-have only to examine the
failure oi this so-called revo-
-lution to produce any posi-3
ve results in the past year." .
'.I-Ie sa.idhewiI1ma.kea5r--zen: _ " ent"1h|,|;5_Qy_in
»nn'1er§tEinngnims1::m
andhis official reasons tor_steppini aside as the number
two spo esman for the rnili-.
taut movernt headed byi
Elijah Muhammad. _ 1
In withdrawing from leader.% of the Muslims, the ery .
cohn, tormer name Mal-
colm Little, Muslim name
Malcolm Shahass, giveshis uowerfnl post as splritlsudii
leader ol the thousands olz
Black Muslims based in the?i5;y'M¢|¢o|mxv
plons own outt
._ . .___.,.__-_i,,,._,,
g;%g had been..|:i.tcul.g- r s veral weeks that
alcolm was splitting with
. Muhammad. The leader
f the Muslims suspended
ew York chieftalu in Decem-
r following Malcolm: com-I
ents on the assassination of
resident Kennedy.
Malcolm had stated lilie-Y that-the-.President's'sg:yiagI
*1 .! aked about the repo 'iplau for hm to aelmnpandyi Cassius on a tour of the Mi -
die East Islamic countries,
.92Malcol.m disclalmed know-
" ledge of such a trip. "I know
inothing about any tour."
4 With Malcolm's defection,people close to the militant
religious sect which takes
Islam as its faith and com-
;hines love of Allah with the
program to separate colored-ntmericans from white Amer-;ica, are speculating on the
92New York leader's plans.
Some feel he would join
forces with one or another of
the Black Nationalist groupsbased in Harlem. Many think
Malcolm will form a link. 'with Lewis Michaux, a fer-
w£ dsichens coming home
roostn ' a--_____
Mr. Muhammad had sus-
nded him £1-om public
peaking for an undetermin- i
time after _I O O
MALCOLM BROKE .l:|is
silence this weekend. ll
He told this reporter: "Iv
ont htend to remain in the
rganization and I don't tn-
nd to make a public state-
ment until Thursday. ~
"I can tell you that I .
still a Muslim, I believe
Alah, 1 still believe in an-.
Muham d. aBut t]h1e~ tall hespectaeledMalcolm added: "Durii|l|5ltl1laso dagsglt ;iil'ence, w 1;-erre suspensionthe Muslim leader, "I decidedI can do hen: work tonga e um?ored e with Mr. uham-
mad's message but on myovrn.."- r "__""
3 M DOES1dl'atcUlns'sdecision $0 quit til! Bllkénew ' heavyweight - boxing
was a follower otplslamt
' remain within the Black Mus-
grneitas-.Na[ York l
§'ZMAR zsissg FLZI Muslims leave Cassius Clay.
champion, who revealed alter
his Liston trium h that he
' Informed observers in
' Harlem say that Cassius will
lirg otiicial fam.i1y-U-l-401-,lo _er o . Muhammad.vent black nationalist who
radvocates colored Ameri-icans returning to Africa for
re-colonizatiém. . _
rr IS AI.-°" ~e rted that
.iM5IE6IllI'rI *l--;-ueute-
nstnsnave decided-to-uerualn
within the Black MuslimsI .I Henry X and other ranking
Ml15lJ.i'Il3 here have _ state I
their intent to stay with
Muhammad. - -
In leavingkan organizationwhose rnem rsotaig estimatesEs]-t from 100, to hal.t-a-' on, the guessing game
in Harlem now is how many
ot the Fruit of Islam will cast
their lot with the sun-myl
Malcolm, a man who re-
Inounced his past as a crim-iinal and become one of theintellectual leaders of the col-
ored Arnex-icans' current rev-
olution.ii V O O O
1- MALCOLM also revealed
this weekend that Elijah Mu-
_hammad had ordered him to
quot loin the civil rights
struggle in the South.
p "It's going to be dittenent
:5 now," he commented. addinglthathewouldnowbeableto
gohnslwhare col61Gl"Eh'15le
128 MAR 21! I954if .51 Holmes .__.._
92 N it 51C»
Title:
5-iigliiI 1 Indicate puqe, -------- --7-7--.-
newapqper, city and atuto.!
__ TH E E.i'f
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___TH- -92" SUN
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BALTiLORE,
pp]. 8; 2 AFRO-AMERICAN
DGII:
Edition: 5 Star
Author:
Editor: O
I
Character:
or
Clonal tication:
I , Submitting Otttce:
U Belnq Investigated -
/an
I lI ll". TF92!sr92n__ __
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TolsonLB-I ___ , ._ ____,_-_-:92_4,,. ,_,-;92.'e.;'_-Q !-_-2-H '9292.'!92 - l Belmont _.____*' 'ri-ieaneax WITH! iyMAD- , * ~ , ! Mohr
liltlltzuim .4. su l a
-- - r
-» By William Worthy --
B Borneo mmom I--as he now
designates hi.mseli' as leader oi
the new Muslim Mosque. Ine.hlnted
strongly March 12 that he_ will soon
I I ll If nnlitir-all nrj'.'l92-"iii? "Ihn plunge .i:92..o e..-e92...- ,..._..._. ...._-- . -_.
Negro leader, who recently broke with
the Nation oi Islam Black Muslim!
movement headed by Elijah Muhammad,
tol p. crowded press conference at thePéajk Sheraton in New York: We will
k our 1964 election plans a secretunih a mm um. but we don't intend
Io our people to be the victim: of a
political sellout again ,
The Negro. Malcolm added, "will
never he considered politically mature as
long as he calls himseli a Democrat or
a Republican." . _ _
In answer to a question by Daniel
Watts. editor oi Llbuator maeazine,
Malcolm said he didn't know at this
point it he and his followers would oo-
operaie with the recently organized all-
Negro Freedom Now_Part!.
The site 01 the newly incorporated
mosque
Malcolm
Ill!ha: not been determined, but
is eettin-I up personal head-
:1-ten at Harlem; Hotel Theresa.
ABOUT CUMJIUNISTSI LII. on EICDIIIU
with e British reporter. Malcolm declined
to rule out acceptance at Dfble CW1-
munistaupportereeortedtooneolhis
familiar parable-type response: to avoid
1 red yea-orno unslet. "
" 'mgteliym|niiitleiio.1'iihiimeflng in a wolden.I'hc Iol! nee:
so eone cm the outside who is tnteruted
in freeing me from the dm. the vol!
doesn't lite that person on the eilskb.
Butldulearewhoopelilthatdoor
and % § wt-." - * . e
Then your answer I rel?
"No," replied Malcolm, irlnnint. ha
telling about a wolI."
Malcolm: response to questions about
his personal political plane struck a Idn
Ema oi state-m.nt= by active
non-cnndldotef earl: in e amplitu-
. I've no plane to run loro!.tioe.bI
think Negros who can
lhould be the type of
office. f,
_SS.-ii : Ainii oi
the Muslim leader whmn this reporter
he previously seen around the Harlem
Ilwquc distributed moles or o telelrlm
eent by Malcolm to Muhammad: -
I never left the Nation at mm or
fr I-H1 H won Hlfl] affl-J Q so
lPOl!iws s
I have never spoken one word oi criti-
cismtotbepreslaboutyourtamlli.
are still my leader and teacher, e
thouph those around you won't let
be one 01 your active followers or h
ere.
Our political philosophy. iialcolm
said in reference to his new movement.
will be black nationalism. Our economic
and social philosophy will be black na-
tionalism. Our cultural emphasis will be
black nationalism. ~
RIFLE CLUBS: Malcolm culled for the
formation of rie clubs "in areas where
the government seems unable or unwill-
in: to protect our people." In reply to 1.
question about the danger that this
might create ot civil war. he declared:
"What would you prefer? Civil war, or
that Negroes should continue to haveBirmlnzhamal" " " ' . -
Malcolm compared the present ivil
rights bill in Gong:-es: to I hand of
counterfeit money given hypocrttica to
a desperate man. Ii the civil
rig-his bill passes, he said. there will
be trouble. It it doesn't pass, there will
be trouble. .l .
He challenaed the government to pros-
ecute hlm ior advocating active self-
ifci. c.|. to-Io [u-"v'¬Tih'wu-"t ":""""' I
amvrron3Ior|ayi1_:lthla.th_enletthe
government start doin: its job lot pro-
tectinl Neeroeel."hesoid. '
Malcolm indicctedheexpectutozar
ne: widespread pop'ular_ support. "
irttelliaeizt enoll-."E==!-'1. "2-at w
whet you call on extreme position
didn't know" that HGIIOEI were bebin
me.YouIou.ldnct;etmetoetlnkmy
noekoutninnc." i ' i
He|oidtbeaceentIouldbeUli"!l'IRI-
"92.FewmcnJio-,nm;ougatudentso!politiealecienoethrvothilttbcnationto
help-us. ' ' '
llalnolmuld
1|-e.iaht_eh.ampion
anyeueelletolii
Hedenledtlutthe
newmovementand
tocecomponylayabxooiuoleo
dlcatcd that whites can contribute, " < **;___ ~ J _',- Q -_' 1.-"-ii 'K K " i 6 5 _ K. -. _ ' '=; ' CUSPQT -Z-il Tl/I'__ 1-... I--- V .;." .'...- .;. " ' ' _ Cllahn
_ Conrod ________
DeLooch __.._____
Evans
Gole ______i
Rosen i
Sullivan
Tovel ___.
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Tele Room ___
Holmes _______
Gondy
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MALCOLM I ADDRESSING A RALLY IN HARLEM
He soy: Negroe: should defend themselves, unless government doe:
bbodomthcothuddcdouthedll
press call it bloodshed." H: added rst
anyone who turns the other cheek}-s I
coward. ' ' -
Malcolm indiocted
qua would be trcer. 1181!-ml
than the Nation ot Lslum mlque: It
wulhavearellzion.lshuebroade.nouih_to {How tor whatever action 1| neocl-
eaqgoeolvje theproblemsotouroeoph.
mentally, economicll-1!. politically. etc.
qe called for on Negro .
mmum mu rtzhh rrwm. to him!Ignorant war."
""W1ll you cooperate with civil right:
groupl. as Malcolm now sly: he will?"
"No. no, no. We have our own -
mm. The 01111 way we would coone 't.e
hforthc|ntonccc1:|tIaln.m.Mym n
il divine. I'm under orders 0! Allah.
will take care at this race problem. There
is no p0l1cl! solution."
Malcolm: return will not be solicited,
Muhammad said. When someone 1-eaves
1:c.wedontgoa.tl.erhlm,"hedec1ared.
Muhammld. I long time asthma rut-
41$.
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it RISE IN YIULENG ~
Says Negroes Are Ready to,
Act in Self-Defense
If l
_: By HANDLER
- hialcolm .-t predicted yester-day thi'E'tI:?1e would he more
racial violence than ever
the United States in 1
declared that Negr
mass level" were ready
_in sell-defense.
7, The Negro leader broke l
Sunday with the separatist Ntion of Islam. or Black Musll.J ,92
movement headed by Elijah M -l
hammad. He announced then that he!
would organize a broadly based,
politically oriented blackma-
'tiona1ist movement composed of
Muslims, Christians. and no
believer; who were intellect
1y and emotionally ready to fol l
low the black nationalist ban
ner. L
' Yesterday. at a" news con-l
ftrenoe in the Park Sheraton;
Hotel here, Malcolm iormallyl
opened this drive. l
There will be more vlolence_
than ever this year," Malcolm 1
told the reporters. "White .
people will be shocked when,
they discover that the pa-ao~l""TrE
little Negro they had known
turns out to hes roaring lion.
The whites had better under-
stand this while there is still,
time. The Negroes at the rnassl
level are ready to act. It is
dangerous to deceive the white
People into believing that alh
Well." |
_ ' Assails Nonviolence 1
- Malcolm urged Negroes
abandon the doctrine ct non-
"violenoe in the _civi.l rights
struggle. He asserted:
It is criminal to teach a man
not to defend himself when he
is the constant victim or brutal
attacks. It is legal and lawiui
to own a shotgun or a rie. We
believe in obeying the law.
- In areas when our people
are the constant victims oil
brutality and the Government
seems unable or unwilling to
protect them," Malcolm said
we should Io:-in rie-cluhsl
that can be used to defend our!
dives and cor pronerty in-or emergency, such as happened
last year in Birmingham. Pla-l
quemine, La., Cambridge, Md..
and Danville. Va. Whenpl-eople are being bitten by dcféjey are within their rigi:l92to kill those dogs. We should be peaceful. ll
"abiding," Malcolm said. "But,
the time has come tor the
American Negro to ght hack
in seli-defense whenever and
WDBIGVGI he is being un stly' "how coming to New York
d__unlaw!u_lly atta.o.lted,lj£i-. "11 r.ne__suoyernYeTnt -tmniie;I am vnnag for saying this."/3';92=he dec let the Gov-,_Q!'lI.It start doing its lob. I "nw»mi"'j;»iei n;1uuasmw' i
" Despite his statement Sundaynull!-lat he would not seek to take
members away from Elijahi Muha.m.rnad's movement, Mal-~ fjcolm arrived at the news con-
. _1'erenee accompanied by several
I j_Black Muslims who have pre-fstihimahliy followed him out oi
T . e Ch case-based orwnintlqh1 g. Mialcolnfs nonsectarian 11;,3 peel to Negroes is apparenproducing results. Cm-Lrtianl
who were formerly inhibited,
from joining the black nation- ' movement iiecausethey did$t want to join Islam are
Zpoltfer with Malcolm. l.3 One of those who attended
the news conference was D1-.1
Eric Lincoln, the Negro so-1
;cial historian and authorfrom
Tlttlanta. who came to New
is the author of an au-
thoritative study or the Black
Muslim movemt. - -»Yorlt to see Malcolm. Dr. Lin-q
Q" Headquarters Set Up L
_- Malcolm announced that he
had established temporary-headquarters at the Theresa
_I'Iote1 in I-larlem and would soonF open his own mosqlilig for those.o£hiaioliowersw areHus-
. .11 -L; He said the mosque would be
a meetin place tor Negroes or!_'all religlua persuaslons who
wanted to enter into discussions
pr the black nationalist move-
I nient.| Malcolm said his new move-g
, mat was l'.~eing ihnnoed hyl
I fvoluntary contributions. He said
=.he would accept contributions
- from whites hut that white peo-
'ple could never join the move
meat "because when whites join
-l an organization they usually _out-join it."
He said that while "internal
Tdiermces within the Nation o
elslarn forced me out of it," h
istill regarded Elijah lllihlmi}|:nad as an spiritual mo:
_teaoher.
although a return to Attica
-is an goal, Iviaiooin-1'__sald that this was a lonr-angel.
P..~=*"=*~.r,-ii rm on = :*_'who are still here in Am
need better rood, clothlni, hous- education, and jobs right,now. _ - 1
"W.= e $f="2-J1",i"1,'l.Z ""1 , g I9-5
;tion even though he opposodl.integrstion and favored com-"
._plete separation as the only true
f th N le- -solution or e egro l:1 mmswuwaqu -i
him said that Negroes could:
oonslds themselves politi-I-¢_.I.l.ly mature until they ceased-regarding themselves as Deno-gwats or Republicans-; only when the two parties
understand that they can no
- count on Negro votes. he
d, will the corrupt politi-Fians" be swept out
¥or'- Questioneéi abwtn tine lichogl fjntegration isputo ew or
Riiialeolm said that ill did mt
3§?§;£§§§i§§§ solution would he to irn-|
JED?! the quality of the Negro
Qehoola. _,121;! -
51
C.C»
Zest»184
The Washington Post and .i_,_,_
'l.|,a.H.pr92atd--- --_
The Washington Daily News ,_i
The Evonlnq Slur
New York
N4" York
New York
New York
NEW YorkTolson _i____
Béimoni -i
Mohr _
Cooper ______
Collohcm __________
Conrad _____i
DeLouch __i
Evans ____i
Gale _.______._i
Flosen
Sullivan ____
Tovel
Trotter ii
Tele Room _i
Holmes _
Goody _____
.55-f1_?/. 4-'i"' "" "'3';
""1-1.-.o=.orm-." T9" I 953
Herold Tribune
Jaurndl-American vi
Mirror
Dolly News _,_,i__i
Post
The New York Times "i -
The Worker _
The New Loader i___________
The Wall Street Juan-ml __________
The National Observer ___,.,i,_.._
P1-'Ople'5 World
Dme____J¬;Z2E;2z:
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mmmcrs menu. VIOLENCE: mlwmfx; . :e.;¢.*;_
of black nationalists, at menu-emlamnoo hon yesterday,i_.._..il|
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indicate page, name 0!
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---' Ma1mlm°Xi-"" " ' l
THERE ISLITTLE to be said about Mal-
colm X that responsible Negro leaders have notalready said: That he damages the cause of equalrights, that his advocacy of violence under the
fraudulent disguise of self-defense" basely sp-
peals to passion and hatred.He is, we would say, far more concerned withpower and vainglory than with the rights of Ne-groes. His own words convict him of having nodeep convictions -- for instance this statement: I am too intelligent to take a stand as militant
and controversial and, as you might say, extrem-
ist, unless I had some support."Is not this the same as saying that he is toointelligent or ternporizing! to.ta1-re s militant,controversial, extremist stand unless he found it
expedient to do so? -Like all demagogues, of any race or color, he
feeds on publicity and recognition. We grant him
this small amount here only to join in the verdictagainst him that has been returned by the real
leaders of his own race.
i
92 I
1' .
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Author:
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iBlack": Nattoriolmmt , l " "-- .
' It was aE%teresting coincidence that the news
of Malcolm s defection from the Black Muslim
movement came the same day that the Senate
began debating the civil rights hill. There is a
dialectical relationship between: white and black
supremacy, and the longer and_more bitter the
ght over civil rights legislation, the more it will
prot the rabid movement Malcolm X represents.
Extremes in this case reinforce each otIherevery
foolish and hate-laden word uttered in the Senate
against civil rights will ndits echo in equally
foolish and hateful black nationalist propaganda.
Malcolm X is the younger, smoother and more
plausible disciple of Elijah Muhammad--or was,
until he broke with the master because he felt
that Mr. Muhammad was too narrowly sectarian.
Now Malcolm X asse'rF'E'rT§F he is "prepared to
cooperate in local civil rights actions in the South
and elsewhere."_ But it should he clear that the
effect of his help may be more likely to demoralize
and destroy the movement than to help it.
Black nationalists do not believe in desegrega-
tion; rather, they seek, ashlalcolm X has said,
to heighten the political consciousness of the
Negroes and intensity their identication against
white society." Obviously. U113 objective will not
be furthered by an orderly and just advancement
of Negro claims against the white majority. In-
stead, black nationalism must grow by sowing
despair and discord among Negroes. -
Thus the movement stands in somewhat the
same relationship to-the-broader civil rights cam-
paign as did the American Communist Party to
the liberal and labor causes of the 1930s. The
Communists, too, were not interested in nding
solutions to the social calamities ot that period.
They were interested in promoting tumult in order
to heighten the political awareness of the prole-
tariat and disrupt the processes of democracy in
a capitalist society. I _ .
No doubt the civil rights leadership will b_e
able to contain the black nationalist element. At
the moment, the Neg-o separatist movement is
not large, although like the Communists, it is
capable of generating 1!'U'ltsld!rable noise._ But it
could grow at an slarming rate it Negroes come
to feel that a promise made a century ago can-
not be redeemed within the framework of demo-
cratic methods. .-1.. Q, - '-
There is a note of menace in Malcolm X: as-
sertion that thereican be no revolution without
bloodshed." While this menace can be over-
stated, it is nevertheless reaL It forms a cloud
on the horizon as American democracy faces one
oLl.t.s.su.nremetests. e_. ,,_ a._,,~.- - 3. -{O .
I in ."_ 92 Mohr
Casper ________
Cnliuhon
,1Ȥ3iȴ_ IDS
Gale
Rose1,12, V *
Trotter __._____
Tele Room _____
Holmes __._...___
Gundy _______
5Q.
2t?Z.Z'2.//
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sic.
l 92-"1-'*---I-I-I-Iii
1'
E' The Wcsshtnqton Poll and J
Time: Herold
The Washington Dolly NH"! i
The Eveninq Stu: ..i.i....-_-_
New York Herald Tribune _-__.
New York Journal-Americun i.-.-
New York Mirror _-ii-
New York Dolly New! ---_-
New York Poet .-_--.._-__..-_
_ The New York Times _.__._..-_
The Worker -_-i-'_--_-__--1
The New Leader '_-_--_-_--
'L,,_,_ .'f'he'92t'all Str_ee-t Journl _---- lIL". -' The Natlohgl Observer .i-----
a People: World
Dole
,-,i_"L_5?_ * 5 1964
7/C2. /21» - ewes»
Differ Over Significance of
_~- His Political Effortaw-
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'30-is Rev. s-21-ea! T0150 ' ' Belmont
bl -
' , to start his own N1,»NEGROES Pllilin
MALGO 1s MOVE
By FRED POVFLEDGE
_ Leaders of the civil rights
movement here and in the South
i ision. last week bycm, the former §la'ck Mus-ii
gro nationalist political move-
ment. _ 4 - . - |
Some leaders think the sien-'
der, intense former convict w-fll
capture large numbers of Negro.
intellectuals and working-cl!-55"
;people. OUIEIS think his popu-"
larity will exist only in relation j
ftc the amount of space and time -
the white man's newspapers and
television networks spend on
fhim.
Some see Malcolm's entry into '
the broader field of civil rights
ins a prelude to a bloody sum-
mer. Malcolm. who has advised
Negroes to purchase weapons;-
tor self-defense, has predicted
an increase in racial violence
l
iP Frustration Greater Nowfor the coming warm months.
A similar prediction was
voiced frequently a year ago byclose observers of the movement.
But Negro frustration was ef-.
utectively channeled into such"
lnonviolent demonstrations as the -
March on
This summer, these same
sources say, the frustration is
much greater and the tradition-1al civil rights leaders have lesai
icontrol over their £0l10wers.£."There have been no concretej
victories tor a long time," onei
observer said yesterday. "I am
really scared about what !Ial-
colm may be able to do." i
Another acute observer of the
movement, Bayard Rustin, be--
lieves that Malcolm: call to ac-
tion may interest Negroes who
formerly had shunned the Na-;
tion of Islam. Mr. Rustin, who.
icoordinated the March onl
Washington last summer and
other demonstrations, said in aninterview; '
l There are many elements in
the Negro communityarnong*
the working class and among
the intellectualswho, out of
the frustration of the current!situation, have been deeply at-i
tracted to Malco1.rhs analysisare weighing they significance of
th ' ' E51.
hB'i.-101$-rejected ."
{.8 li92.i.?92°'1l'l'!§'!!"l1ot mter ¢]iilfiiiifltf $'i'§?& 1211?. ail
religion," he said, ustins I111?-flmajor aims of the Muslim
movement. "Ba1i1ts¬liE¥f I13 3-@055: Malcolm's an y o e E
that are being practiced on the
Negro people." .
Malcolm: inuence will be
dinrheiubndp Mr. Rustin-out-in.bY
-'-in azgsawtarnea siasailsilished civil rights organizations
are more vigorous and develolli
a program which quite obvious,-I|
iy affects the maninthe street. ]
God knows we light," Mi
1 said It's just that the situa--5
"tion gets worse all the time.i
'TJ'obs get worse; housin: set-=.'wQr5e; education gets worse."The Rev. Richard A. H136?brand, a leader here in the e -
tort for equa'1°:r:p;2rYm§I1tportunity, ec - l-15
feelings. He said:B3 "1 welcome anybody who ls -
'g°mg lfo getpl t-h:!llf Z!rFCO:l1§;liflI:strugg e, u c _£_ violence. Malcolm X is a bril- _1iant person. I have a feeling L
that we can work together as
flon as we can contain that'- phil-SOPHY of violence.
Position Held Ridiculous ;
' The Rev. Robert M. Kmiocl1,1
another local leader, called Mal-
:°1m'5 position ridiculous. '_Hesstill preaching the some Ph11°5°_jphy under I. new brand name.
Mr. Kinloch _sa.id. _Others in the civil fightsmovement expressed dismal atMalcolm's pr0PO515- Jame bFarmer, national director ot the
Congress oi Racial Equal ?-
" '5 the black nationalist was.$['QpQ§.Bg I. 1'8-C! W51 that NB
' roes could not win.
Roy Wilkins, executive sec-etary of the National Associa-ion for the Advancement of
Dime People, was "ported 11°
willing to discuss the subJ°¢t-The
The
TheHrs. Gloria Richardson. whs Neivll rt hts movement in Carn-dge,gMd., has been abandonedy the national stoves, slid °f "1 v-in an:e!p:ntha?§iasur':>t been offer
ore."' - lJames Formnn. mew" ii"
tor of the BOi1l&l'I92'b5-59d.
tudent Nonviolent Coordinat-dng Committee. agreed '1'-I1 M _Rustin that Malcolm's new Desi -tion might be attractive to Ne-INew
_ New
New
New
The
The
The
The92/Mohr
Casper ________
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GoleRose A
Sul v nT/gel .._.__....._i
Trotter i.
Tele Room i
Holmes L
Gcndy iCollohon ______
gonrod 7i,. . ch ___i
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uncl__i Wall-iinqton
Times Herold
Washington Daily News i
Evening Slur -
ork Herald Tribune ___i
York Journal-American 1-
York Mirror
York Daily News i_._
York Post
New York T
Worker i__,_i.i...___.-i
New Leader
Wall Siren Journal é.-.__..
. fEmu , . _ / Th ti c:1,0bserv¢r 'i HID D11-III F0uUW9 I T3-e' s Dizorld% "It opens up posslbilitieifor-;J_ J _1 who certain]? U1Egpiuslinis had somethingnafr RECORDED
. H d bled but who I Q -_-1-t gale conc¢P'¢ 05 Q MAR "' "04Qgpgfgti state and the R3850 -qi have I. lot of foi-?>l:¬rsc.out:i?e ct the Musl I in-I jP
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MAR 'l 5 -'1'
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i M_r.-Fontlun, l.ika..tha.:.o.t.h¢r5
{who have been working over
the last decade for etfective in-
'teg1-atiorg does not hate Mal-
Jeolm X. The leaders rather viewjMa1colm as the hrilliarit spokes-|man for a philosophy i-adlcelly;ditIer-ent from their ow11a phi-
losophy about as radical as that{voiced by Southern White Citi-lzens Councils and the Ku Klux
Some members of the civil
fight: moveinent predicted that
a few Negro activists will use,
Malcolm's proposals as a means
of threatening whites. -
"Its the idea of using a man
like this to frighten the peoplemum us whauu-in-a_t' ' =1 "
:3: ---4!! bu.->..-_. 1-....l.t_ --JJ __|uuv: wen-ruauvui icaucr pain pl:-h Klan. .
I
vately. "A lot of people are say-
ing that we should let Malcolm
scare the masses and Baldwin
scare the intellectuals and Adam.-
;sca.re the politicians." The refer-iences were to James Baldwin.!
the author, and RepresentativeiiAdam Clayton Powell Jr., Dem-!ocrat of Manhattan. Fhids Strength Artificial
- 3Another leader, Whltn M.
;Young Jr. of the Nation Ur-
lban League, believes that Ivfai-1
-col.m's strength is artificial_|
Ithat it is created on paper andi
videotape by the press.
"I think I-gaaaL.deal or the
visibility which Malcolm re-
ceives from the media is due to
an unconscious sympathy on Die
;pa.r't of many reporters and oth-ers whith the notion of separat-}l5m,-- he we - 1
Along comes a man like Mal-
colm, who says, I don't want to
integrate your neighborhoods,
or your schools, or your daugh-
ters, and I'm going to rehabili-
tate your black criminals and
cure your dope addicts and get
the people. offwe1i'are. There
are an awful lot of white people
who think this'is what we're
looking for," he went on.
. They don: seem to be aware
of the fact that Mussolini and
Hitler were able to build hos-
pitals and roads and get peo-
ple to goose-stepgusing hate ls
," Mr. Yunigiidd.I
i
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engage In lndepenglent ac-
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e
ba:_ome.udnhgte_rda
ve a neliglou knee
|.mltylndto_tn ed1ctaticn." - ,.
Regarding the report that he
_ l.eum;hln|u"b1ncto:oua1ht," he maid, "1 will try to
blish an urpnhaon 51:11:-
whooe |.}lh.n'e yet jilye
eel.
Rt. be Hld._'!F0
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we are pt-amt."
concept at black _{1ndicat1n¢ his
mhsm. hhloolm I did he
tiered it to mun political,
1 and economic control by
oes within their cclnmunlties.
;'PO92iti.C3ll!." he said, "I mean the
eg1'o must take political control' h-iscommunity. L" '
By economic control I-.
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' lnezphmlnghbtutlepbxu,
_Hl1=olm IX emphl-Ii-led that whet
'-HI'doiu| doe: not Iiprlaunt e
apllt in the llusltzn movement.
Pzer: are already mwih spLit.u
division: am:-mg Neg-cu." heTolson _i__
Belmont
Mohr _i__
Casper ii
Callahan i
Conrad ___i?
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Mr" - Mohr.
f ML Caspeth tr.
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_ _ ' -l____.s:_a--....;_,.'_ _.:"l____T,, _, .1-i,__'_;=-=+§.
BY MILT FREUDENHEIM
C Iiicngo Daify News Seniee
NEW YORl Outside the
Hotel in Harlem
where black nationalist Mal-
colm X has his headquarters,
heavyweight boxing champ
Cassius Clay had been address-
ing the driver of his hired
l' ttsinc.
" e champion was asked,
w do you feel about Mal-
eol s new group and his call
to Negroes to arm themselves
with rifles? - .
Demonstrating his new re-
luctance to talk at length. Clay
replied affably but succinctly,
"1 don't know nothing about
that. "
At that moment on a sunny
Harlem morning, Malcolm X
passed by. He is the man who
introduced the boxer to Elijah
lVl'l1'l'llIl'fl'lnad's nation of Islam
" J' ' . i. ~ I - _
and spent weeks with Clay in
his Florida training camp.
CASSIU5 AND Malcolm
exchanged casual greetings.
and iviaicoim walked into the
Theresa where he picked up
his mail and climbed the stairs
to the bare office of his new
Muslim Mosque lnc.. former-
ly a beauty shop. ' -
He was weil-dressed in s
brown- act suit. white-om
white s rt and neat green tie.
I-le p ceil his nalTOw-
brimme sen1ibowler on the
deslt and explained his split
with the tighter. -
l fH1IllilV don't believe,"
he said, that it is conducive
to his image to involve him-
self in ans was with that
which takes tron- his image as
a sports gure. _
csssios,_g_|;J, has said_L
thi. Chicago-based
harnmad. Malcolm's own po-
sition on this is ambiguous.
He says he still tollrws the
hack=te-Africa teaching o!
Elijah Muhammad who
preaches Negro separation
rather than integration. But
Malcolm's new group is draw-
ing support from Elijah Mu-
hammad followers.
l never did leave the --
tion ot lsiiim voluntarily."
said. Mr. Muhammad
fused to reinstate me las Ne '
York minister! because he
knew it I were reinstated t
would remove the local offi-
cials of Mosque 7 who were
instrumental in l'la92-'iI"lg rrie re-
moved." . -
He accuses these ofticiiils
ot sending a "special squad to
92 -7 Lin-i
he is remaining it follouer ot. 1-. ---
/00 <1??? 4/ '
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seams 1954 ____.___.....rjg/{O e K/*7?/.;"./'lCnilnhn.
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. h_ ______________
Indicate pctqo, non-to of
newspaper, city and state.!
b7
1
Ditto: -
Edition: RQd Strggk
Title:
NUT
Character;
OP! I
eta
NEWS !..-ti
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
i==i==== MILT FFEUDENHEJIM
Editor:
Undgl Intros-ci¬5~l=i°n.__._
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F
I
e
iii
100-25635Clctniiflcrqtion:
julsmttttnq Qiticfe:
try and kill me" in February.
He says he ialked the brothers
of the special squad out of this
ad. 92-
Ferhaps _ by coincidence,
92lalcol.nl says he has borrowed
a friends rie to keep in his
Elrnhurst Queens! home. He
instructed his wife in how to
use it if anybody tries to
come through that door, black,
white, green or blue."
QLQ THIS use of rifles
tor "sell-defense" at the doors
of their homes that Malcolmsays he Es urga'ng"'on Southern
Negroes. Negroes in orthem
cities, he implies, already are
__arrned.- F f.- _; 1
A brilliant tallterhwith a
ashing smile and occasional
wit, Malcolm took ll card
from his pocket and read Ar-
ticle ll of the 'U.S. Constitu-
Iinn'< Hill nf lliohle: ' .__.... _..- vi --7--n
. A well-regulated militia
being necessary to the security
of a free state, the right of
the people to lteep and bear
arms shall not be infringed.
He said he had consulted an
attorney on this. He has no in-
tention o_f carrying a gun or
of urging any specific neigh-
r or person to hear arms.rirdon't believe in doing any-ling that is illegal, he as-
rted.
He has said: When our
people are being bitten by
dogs. they are within their
rights to kill those dogs." But
ne denied advocating carrying
a gun for this purpose. This
would break laws. hr said.
MALCOLM SAID South-
ern Negroes should obtain
rifles for protection if the
Klan or other racists come to
the home of a Negro and
want to take him out.
Instead of the other Ne-
groes singing and praying. they<
|
Ii i
J-,.., _,_!-.-. .
should gt together and defend
that Negro. If the law doesnt
do it, they should." ~- Q
This doctrine, he said, ne-
rually ll II Indictment of the
government. The eotllrtry was
founded lllte that, out West.
People handed together when
there um I breakdown In law
nllfnrn-Ilonlel I 'D an :5, 1-In-v--.-..-n=q,n-no run an-n u two
groes are concerned, law en-
forcement has broken down.
As for Negroes in New
York, Chicago and elsewhere,-
he said: I. don't have to tell
Northern Negroes that. espe-
cially these Negroes in New
York. - X _ _ f
Harlem is a jungle. The
law of the jutigle is survival of
the fittest. You don! have to
tell them what to do when it
comes to protecting» them-
selves."
BORN MALCOLM Little
in Omaha. Neb.. in 1925, he
knows about survival from the
inside. His father, a Baptist
minister and follower of blaclt
nationalist Marcus G a r v e y,
moved his family to Lansing.
Mich. Their house was burned
down in Wit by Ku Kiux
Klansmen. Malcolm says. '
Later his father was found
killed by a streetcar. Malcolm
believed he was lynched.
One of ll children, he was
sent to it boys institution
where he-made good grades
but was told his ambition of
becoming a lawyer was unsuit-
able for a Negro.
He traveled to New York
in l94l and soon became a
Harlem teen-age gangster
known as "Big Red" because of
his height and copper sltin col-
or. Sent to prison in Concord.
Mass, in I947 for burglary,
he was converted there_ to the
teachings of Elijah Muham-
mad artd named Malcolm X.
nhatc0t.M's'_ irient tin
making news was shown in his
suggestion that the crash of aplatteload of Atlanta Ga! civ--i
ic leaders was divine retribu-
tion," and his remark that
President John F. Kennedy's}
.1 35555-§i,n,g;ion was "chicltensj
cmws .ho.1=.t=> ;s>v§l- .-... J{by hint as being a reference
to the clirnate of hate," re-
sulted in his suspension and
i ouster as New York leader of
the Black Muslims.
i Negro rights leaders in the
iestabllshed organizations such,
as the National Amt. for the
1* "='m:cement of C o i o re ti
People scorn hlln. He is
sllhfla H '
- Ihg official cited a recent
poll that showed "ll!ll"1fle
Negroes in America never
heard of the Black Muslims.
"Before television interviewer}_
Mike Waliace and writer!
Louis Lornax discovered Mal-
colm, it was 75 per cent, he
, contended.
Malcolm partied this attack;
by suggesting that the Rev.
Martin Luther King is about
the only Negro leader who
could walk through Harlemand be recognized." r *1
- MALCOM lS_less than spe-
- cific about hisimmediatt. plans.
1-le addressed an overow
, audience at Harvard this week.
i bac eti the New Yorl school
boy rt "i am against Seg=e-1 gatiliit; they are against 5g- reg- ion. But I am also agai pt
integration"! and rnet w h
other Young Turlt. rebels of
the Negro revolt Sunday in
Chester. Pa. . I. . . _
mass rally" in a Harlem hall
that hoids Z,0t'. He wiii pass
. the hat for donations. By next
gether "a united front for
political action with every
1' We wl unite and see that
that we can remove them if
they don't remove this oppres-
' sive condition, at the city level,
t the state level, the national
level," he said.iulltiggemark, later diluted ,
This weekend he plans a
summer he hopes to put to-_
1 the politicians are made aware_J
i
I
_medie-created. one NAACP :-
group in Harlem. _ 5
J
I
l
Integration is a pipe.
dream.-It 'is impractical. tr?
makes hypocrites out of white
le. are fo 'Q3 Jhev |;,..tt..£or.
some v. else, not themselves. _
uo|.t,.I
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p-t-qrp
univ--
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_-.-.-zap.
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_"l believe that Harlemsliould $ a black cornmuniy .
The tax dollars that we
sending to Poland and Russia
and Chiang Kai-shek and all
those peoplkshould be di-
rected into the Harlem com-
munity to build better schools
staffed with better teachers."
HE IS URGING college stu-
d at groups to "redirect their
a ention to the oppressed. We
n: awaken the moral -5 iousness of America. Atmej a
h lost all moral consci s-
ncss. K
"Now they must direct all
of their energy at awakening
the clormant interest of the vic-
tim, by showing him what pan
politics played in all his mis-
ery," Malcolm said. K
Let the Negro know that
he can keep the man in the
hite House in the Whit
H use, or he can send h
hick to his Texas cottQ tt:h." __ _, ___ _,._ .. ;,._. ._ _ _ ¢- u.v_ .,_.,,_e.__ ..
It. .¢._.. .92*l.92l.COL.92lX I '.. ll
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Munt clipping III 59020 50'9"! _ _I
11-92
,
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-I
bicl.
"P'
L yal I-'oIIo worse So vedi
Malcolm from Death
' - Courier Exclusive -l l
There was a r@1t Mu
cold blood Malcolm X told
said he is alive tod Because
tailed to kill him re ealed th
If truth wash stronghave been murdered in {chm-tiwn m°vem2ntié"idf;_ih; 11lry, he said. '
He added that he was aved
because his erstwhile foil wers
in Mosque No. I who had eenlent to kill him "had hearrlne
represent and defend Mr, u-
hammad for too long for th tn
to swallow lies." j
In an exclusive interview wi
The Courier this week, the lo
mer Muslim minister told ol
movements leading to his .u.=
hoion and eventual break with
luah Muhammad.-LITE inner working of the Muslim, vied my inc.-easing I auccesrgs% . . i ei i
slim plot to murder him in
The Courier this week. He
the f'brothers" who were de-
e plot to him.
er than falsehood, I would
envied me." Then he went on to
name a captain and his former:
assistant minister as opposinghim. '
In his statement to The Courier
in reply to the query: Why did ~
you break with Elijah Muham-
imad? Malcolm X says: 5'-_
"I never lett the Muslim Move-
ment on my own. Those who -92
conspired together to force
ut. Alter announcing to e1 uslims It Mosque No. 7 tha II
Of his detractors whom heii
rlamed {or hi; break to form his
ML
5! 9AFiRo16t*3E4would he haqk__i_n_90 day: 1! It
-_ 5|bit,
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la er
.-6 T -her
TPIG. 00m...__._
.92'l..ss Holmes .... _.
Miss Gandy.-._....
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ncwapcrpor, city and lll-I
. ._1'~"1/ ' L.
vJ._New York
DP 3mLMh
1 Edition:
Author:
Editor:
Title:
Character;
OI
1 Classification: ggh -
Submttttnq Office:llndtcutefpuqa, nurnl cl if-ii-_
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till-'" T5'7T.? i-BED
iumrwm
b med gracefully W '17Zismin. Clown 1°.==.P" HM . the assistant minii-er-M
1 make it 1mP°"1
"1 =1"mu:-I; . -lencedlza nu? 1;: n_'1 to iao sin W tho mlbolil*rr- the other usl1ms.A_a -<-If
ti-ey felt I had'been.snic1ent1y
isolated, Captain" Joseph Uen
used assistant minister Henry X
to spread lies from the speaker's
stand that were skilfully design-
ed to make the Muslims thinlil
had rebelled against the Honor-
able Elijah Muhammad. ,
Realizing they were poisoning
the minds oi the Muslims toward
me in my forced absence, I re-
quested a hearing before the
general body at Mosque No. T so
I could defend myself against
these false charges. They refused
|to let my case come before the
general body because they knew
ftheir charges were nothing but
Ilies that I could easily disprove
if allowed to defend myself in
front of any group of intelligent
Muslims.
Lt they had truth on their side
they could easily have brought
me forth and proved their case
instead of isolating me and theniiaccusing me to Lhe people with-lout giving me a chance to de-1
fend myself. These two hypo-crit-;ically used their positions to de-i
'ceive the Muslims into thinking
lthat I had turned into a hypo-.crite. ' 1 -~ --I
The New York Muslims had
been complaining heavily against
|Captiil1 Joseph for years, The
rank - and - Iile Muslim's.'never92
knew that a condential" direc-
Live had been handed down from
Chicago after Mr. Muhammad
had become ill in 1961, making
it impossible for ministers to re-'
move captains. Thus, from 1981
onward captains could be remo_v-_
ed only by the Chicago Ofce.
Because of the increasing'com1l_
plaiots against Joseph,_ I had,
made a "quiet" request to Chi-I
cago in early November me:
seph's removal as Captain. _
told to wait until Mr. -I
ha mad came to New York I
Dq ember, but on Dec. 3 it wa. I
W was suspended, silenced and
eventually removed. .- - .1_. . _ , _ -_.;. Ncrmally I would not makd
'p ll-canyofthe internal '
stand to make the Mu
in Mosque No. I think l'm- lnisane, I am forced tn speakfoui
through the public media in oo-
der to clarify my own posil
There is_mnch more that oould
be said, but it would prove too
destructive to too many innocent
people. Thus, whateveanelaell
sayouthls siibjectwillbeonfg
that which I'm forced to-5! ll!
two former chief aides who have
now turned into chief hypo-;
crites. ' _ K - " :1
As leader of the newly organiz-
ed Muslim Mosque lnc., withi
headquarters in the Hotel The-1
resa, Malcolm X said he would
be addressing another meeting
this Sunday at the Rockland Pal-
ace, 155 St. and Eighth Ave.,_ at,
a P.M. .
e expressed pleasure that hew pledged the support of makzy I
ci rights and black nations stgr ps when he spoke at thea n Casino last Sunday. gof Nation cl. but ce
H is still using the ak-
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- e I 0- I_EIiit:h M_u_1_1c:mmc:d. leczcle ~05 th_e_gse'15i:ri-i:tist_ll§_egro sect. faces _cr _revo1t- an-ms
,5;-,-;;;_.Hg5 d;sc;P;e Ivicuco rn X. leader urniew York. has set up cs...-:1.-21
_ w 'B!.=:.'~:.Nation|:lisi'po1iticcr1 mover.-o...t.
1'51 ' GJIIRTBUDE SBMUSL5-*-
I-'11-IE Nation of Islam--betterIF. known as the Black Muslim
movementis an Islamic Sect,
adapted by American Negroes for Amer-
ican Negroes, with a secret member-
ship that could be anywhere from 50,000
to 250,000. What is preached in its
temples. or mosques, LS a doctrine of
black supremacy for black men are
divine"!, hatred of the white man for
whites are devils"!, and complete sep-
aration of the raca. The Muslims reject
integration as completely as does
Mississippi's Senator James Eastland.
They believe that they have the anmver
to the masses of Negroes who live in
economic despair and are groping for
racial dignity,-___.._-.,
Negro civil rights leaders who ght
for integration are Toms and white-
man'a niggers." according to the Mus-
lims. The sect says it seeks n. separate
black nation in Arnerlcathe nation of
IslanrwitIi its own army and ag.
but it has never said how it proposes
to achieve this seceion nor from what
part or the Uniteptates it proposes to
carve its nation.
Officially, Lhe Black Muslims preach
nonviolence and honor the law, Many
outsiders, however, feel that there
is t.he threat of violence implicit in
the fanatical preaching of race hatred,
in the rigid discipline maintained by
members! and in the secret arnny-the
E??? ./-ii '-" YQE-1.l_'l'_TI_T92-_- veu__v. .1 1» ~.__ In .'-¢. .92Imwn-use tr run, or wamwe|i4n-.:::'.iis1Chooled in the use oL£".:<:r.:'-.as.
But experts describe t.he movement:
posture as one of "contained aggres-
siveness," largely because of the con-
cepts of its charismatic leader, Elijah
Muhammad.
.gCCORD1'NG to legend, the move-
ment began when a "Prophet" appeared
Detroit in tJ1.e nineteen-thirties de-
nouncing Christianity and the white
man. Before "disappearing." he ap-
pointed Muhammad as his "Messen-
ger" ad endowed him vi.-"ith divine glid-
ance. Muhammad, born Elijah Poole in
1891' at Sandcrsville, Ga.. is the un-
educated but dynamic son of a Baptist
minister. The Muslims began to thrive
under Muhammad about the time the
civil rights movement spread in the
fties. Ternpleranq liommerclal enter-
prises supported by Muslim money grew
and flourished in various cities though
headquarters were in Chicago where
Muhammad sat. He and his sons--and
notably his w.':=i.-'1-law, P.a_92,'me:'.d Shar-
rieit, Suprerne92Captain of the Fruit of
Islam were all-powerful author-
itarians. Eschewmg politics and the
vote, keeping their strength secret. they
welded a monolithic organization. They
demanded and got blind and unswerv-
ing obedience to the spiritual leader.
Elijah Muhammad. _
In the past two weeks. that soli-
darity has been broken by a once-
trusted lieutenant. The elements oi
'.-t-..-... --..;_l utnlm-ma. -.-..v'-=1-;v=nm~:.....£l_:I_Ll_~~lg92.¢-Ill vwisuvs -nu us ennui..f_-___.-
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nor neconoeo
123 MAR 30 1354
The Weshlnqton Pool and _.,._..,.,i
__ __'LLI;- ..i.a-_e.;|_,sIIII.
The Washington Dolly News i,
The Evening Slur
New York Herold Tribune _._.i
New York
New York Mirror
Novr York
New York Poll
The New York T
The Worker ____i,.i_
The New Louder i...____.,,..,,.,,,_Journal-American ............
Daily New! __-oi
The Wail. Street Journal _..__'_.._
Tho Notional Observer i_.._.-
People!
Dulo ..
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-.___ = __and white coll:-ger.._.i_':'.!!:£iI'l8
in the political arena are being pro-
jected by a rival movement, Black
l92'ntionalism." The two principal an-
tagonists are: Minister Malcolm X,
New York leader of the Muslims; and
the "Messenger of Allah," Muhammad.
MALCOLM X .
ERTAINLY the secta most adeptC strategist, uncompromising in his
contention that Negroes will never
get justice from white people, has
becn__3S_-_92_r_car-old Malcolm __X. Boga
"'Malcolm Little in'Omaha, Nebr., he is
an ex-convict who absorbed the Mug.
lim religion While sérving 3 seven-yggp
SEHIBDCG fill larceny in Masgachugettg,
Once out of prison, he shed his
past life along with his originai sur-
name, as well as an alias, "Big Reg";
and 3d°P92@d the new last name X. This
is common practice among Muslims,
who M1091 the symbolic X to connote
the mystery of their origins,
Tall, dynamic, with rugged good
looks, Malcolm rose in the sect to be-
_come the Big X--and the Messengefa
ambassador to the Islamic countries of
the Middle East and Africa. His am-
boyant style, his biting humor and the
brutal clarity of his lugii-_-_the white
man is responsible for the degradation
of the Negrocreates in white audi-
ences a sense of collective guilt. At
the same time, he wins admiration
from Negroes, whose bitterness he can
exploit.
The turnouts for Malcolm X"-i:¢a.-=1
ious blegroi
.
A
ll
l
i
lI
lI
. II-iarvard, make civil fig?"-
leaders unhappy. And in the
past few months as he begun
to overshadow Muhammad and
the Chicago-based official!!-
Muslim leaders also_ became
unhappy. Muhammad moved
to silence him. H15 OPI-Q1?-l-"1"i¥
W not long in coming.
When Malcolm X told 5
Black Muslim rail! at MM-
hattan Center that the amas-
sination of President Kennedy
was an instance of "the chick-
ens coming home to roost.
Muhammad rebuked him. 33!"
mg, "He will not be permit-
ted to speak in public." That.
under the code. seemed to end
Malcolm's career.
But after 90 days of si-
lence. he broke the code with
3 public aunounce_ment on
March B that he was leav-
ing the Muslims to organize
his own party. He told a icic-
vision audiei-a.e|--"-Lt.ha.rd to
make a rooster stop crowing
ongg [hg sun has 145941." HQ
claims that he has only cre-
gigd s new mosque in New
York. the Muslim Mosque, Inc.
But he calls his philosophy-
poljtical, economic. social and
cultural -- "Black National-
ism."
OVER it glass of ginger ale
the other day he cats only
one meal I. day. and, like all
Moslems, eschews smoking.
drinking. gambling and the
eating of pork!. Malcolm
talked of his ambitions. The
three elements um distinguish
his new party from the old
group are: ill pcfial ind-"
pcndencc that will allow him
to act, speak and be seen as
master of his own house: !
"self defense unit! - Tm!
clubs -- ready to execute on
me spot" those who threaten
Negroes; ! nationalist ap-
pml to all Negroes. not jllsi
Muslims. snowing ¢0P¢Il°192
with the interracial civil
rights movement.
.-=_lTL8 HEW Pl'°§"-"1.-is a!.3F'h"en-la to__}luhammad'.-. i~2..s-
_limsTrYet Malcolm x insists
that he is "and always will
be" a Muslim and that, so far
as he is concerned, Muham-
mad cannot reject him be-
cause no Muslim can be re-
jected by the spiritual head.
"But it is time for the Ne-
groes to defend themselves,"
Malcolm said, "If no one will
say that, I will. If a person
threatens you, by coming in
the churches, bombing the
churches. killing little girls,
shooting little boys. then the
Negroes should defcnd them-
selves, even if it means tak-
ing ries and shotguns, and
driving from our door the peo-
ple who are brutalizing
Negroes. The Negroes should
not wait for white investi-
gators. Tliey should find the
guilty ones themselves and ex-
ecute them on the spot.
lE":I .. ._ _...Lg VERY American citizen
is guaranteed under the Con-
stitution the right to bear arms
in self-defense. Since he has
the legal right to own a shot-
gun or rifle, I would advise
the Negro to have one." Later,
Malcolm told a press confer-
ence that Negroes should
form rie clubs" to defend
their lives and property.
All the past actions of the
demonstrations and the sit-ins
and boycotts have been imma-
ture, boyish; that.s why," he
added contcmptuously, "they
call the blegrocs 'boys. " The
time has come for Negroes to
fight back, he said. He in-
tends to tell the Negroes
"that what has been called I-he_
Negro revolution in the United
States is a deception practiced
upon them, because they have
only to examine the failure of
this so-called revolution to pro-
duce any positive results in
the past year. I shall tell them-0what a re-..= revolution
In my conversation, I
asl-ted him: "Do you expect
then to initiate a, Cuban or an
Algerian-style revolution?"
"I say that if you follow the
3.
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._._.__.'='Li...._~r
elusion, you have to expect-
the Negroes to rise up sooner
or later."
He still appears adamant in
his concept of aseparate state
and separation of the races
though he is prepared to irt
with the interracial civil
rights organizations, .
His alm. now that he is on
his own, Malcolm says, "ls to
work with civil rights groups,
if they are willing to raise the
caliber of their own black
communities -- and not force92
1
1 A.__.,__
to sce some new faces . . .
more militant Incest"! He ex-
pects his party to enter poli-
tics and. by educating Negroes
in the mechanics of politics
and the vote, "to control the
politicians of our community."
"There are three tlm as
many Negroes as Jeivs in this
country," he added, blandly,
"yet when it comes to political
power, the Jews have 90 times
as much power aa the Ne-
groes."
"I feel," said Malcolm X,
_% ___ __-_ _._*._ ___. 1.. ._
t..__ ..|, ,92.92-nL-
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BODYGUARD--A member of.-the Fruilpf Islam, the Bloei Muslim
thocl tropt, guards Malcolm X. left, in white tie} at a meeting.
Negroes into white neighbor-
hoods where they are not
wanted. Separation - a sep-
arate sta-te-is a good word.
and it is something that you
have to have to be independent
and equal. At present, the
black people are segregated.
What we want is separation-
independence."
Where? '
"No desert spot," he an-
swered. "I hope it's Florida
or Caiiiornia, and, he added
with a short laugh, "all be
tween."
Clearly Malcolm ls not re-
vealing the specifics of his
program. He may fear that
this would keep away the new
blood -- especially college-ed-"everything else has failed.
I feel that all the efforts on
the part of Negro groups
through 1963 have .met with
failure. The Negroes are
angry. I should say they're
angrier. And I'm the angri-
est."
ELUAH MUHAMMAD
senger is a small. thin
min in bad health suffering
from asthma and bronchitis}.
whose delicate appearance and
winning smile belie the fe-
rocity ot his Speeches. He is
introduced to large Muslim
audiences as "the man who
has seen God!" ,_..i_ __TODAY, at 67, the "Mes-
:.{13.*:'
>
1
b
i
-
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4
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1-
..
-1|-himan," he adjuru the faithful,
and they shout back Iervcntly,
"We will! Teach us, Memm
ger!"
There have been few smiles
since Malcolm formed his new
party. Indeed. Elijah Muham-
mad thundered like the wrath
of Allah as he told me by tel-
ephone from his home in Chi-
cago:
Malcolm's plans have had
no effect at all on the move-
ment. My work is divine work,
and the people believe in what
I am teaching, or the resur-
rection from the death--the
mental deathof my people.
Anyone who deviates from
Islam is a hypocrite. -I!-IVVHEN he learned that
Malcolm still spoke favorably
of him and said he remained a
Muslim, Muhammad said an-
grily: "II he spoke favorably,
he has no alternative but to re-
main with meiI he believes
in the Divine Message that Al-
lah has given to me to deliver
to my people. He would not go
after other groups who have
not accepted Islarn.
"There is no weeping or
moaning over anyone who
leaves Islam, as such a man is
a deviate or hypocrite, who
does not want to live under
the guidance of God's Messen-
ger.
"Mere belief counts for
nothing in Islam, unless ear-
ried into practice. He's prepar-
ing our people to nd them-
selves and to i'ight~I heard
him on television. It is very
silly to say such a thing, be-
cause where are they going to
get guns and arrns!
"I am in favor or what I
have been teaching for the
past years. all over the coun-
try of America," Muhammad
went on, t.hat.we carry no
arms, and we do not seek to
win victory with arms. We
loliow what Allah has revealed
-and that is, be our own
selves, and do nothing to oth-
ers that we would not have
done unto us. That is a univer-gn-
5
sal conceptbecause that is
the best religion.
"I feel absolutely surprised
at the man. He was under an
indefinite suspension. He had
represented himsell publicly ---_.-..-_-ior several years as being-'a
iviusiim and a believer in the
tenchin|;s and revelations oi
Allah that He has given to me.
Now he has turned away to go
after something that he him-
self has been criticizing-to
the ci92'il-ghters movement."
Then Muhammad added
quietly, "lhis partlcular'worls
oi reforming the so-called Ne-
gro, so he can take his place
in society, cannot be done by
anyone who has not'got with
him divine guidance. It is
absolutely divine work, guided
divinely. Malcolm had that as
long as he was with me." The
old man underscored this
heavily and, it seemed, sadly.
But otherwise he does not
have it. I think religious sci-
entists and scholars know
that our people will have to
be completely reformed--and
Malcolrns_way is not the way
to reform them.
O I I O
P11 HE reaction to Malcolm's1 new role by-national civ-
il-rights leaders ranges from
skepticism to puzzlemcnt andworry. Sorne claim indifference "
to the split in the Muslim
movement. The Muslims, they
say, were really repudiated by
the Negro masses at the his-
"tor|c' march on Washington
last year, which dramatized
how deeply the Negroes be-
lieve in and seek an integrated
America. They have been on
a decline ever since, and
Malcolm's breakaway was a
move ol desperation. after his
public rebuke, since he saw the
handwriting on the wall.
Some in this group believe
that Malcolm is a creature
of the press, radio and televi-
sion. As one spokesman put
it, "They seem to get a mas-
ochistlc kick out of Malcolm's
giving them hell."
As for Malcolm's statements
about "sell-defense," they be-
lieve that he will be as unsuc-
cessful in selling the masses of
Negroes on rifle clubs and vio-
lent action as he was in selling
them on a separate state.
Other Negro leaders are
skeptical of a real split in the
Muslims. They have known
for some time that Malcolm
and other young Muslim
leaders were convinced that
the Muslims were he&.h"._r.k'_l
l
l
L
.5.
1~f<.=é.-
.
_- r. ,---l-,1L; 7 I
iiiI _ 1 -I¢92-
_ 1.-_ *-._..,
by their aloofness from the
civil-rights movement. Now
they are wondering whether
Malcolm has suddenly become
e dedicated man or "remains
a cha.rlatan." As one expert
put. it. "He may be s Tro-
jan horse proceeding. under
the guise and protection of
Muhammad, but actually ma-
neuvering to get into the
civil-rights movement." These
leaders are adopting a wait-
and-see attitude. They neither
condemn nor cheer the new
Malcolm," but will Walt and
study his program and his
sponsors.
As Roy willcins. executive
secretary of the N'.A.A.C.P.
puts it: "We do not know
whether he intends to help
American Negro citizens tn
their civil rights campaign,
or whether he really is serious
in wooing them to some kind
of a Black Nationalist sep-
arate state." -
Certainly Malcolm's attempts
to appeal to Christian as well
as Muslim Negroes, and his at-
tempt. to make his temple all
things to all black men trou-
ble many objective outsiders.
Some Chicago Muslims are
in his corner. It is expected
that other young Muslims in
the New ffli and ashinon
temples will follow, 'a.s may
the disgruntled from the
N.A..A.C.P. and CORE the
Congress of Racial Equality!,
as well as from the unorgan-
ized
I'lis this last, unknown quan-
titythe masses of Negroes
who do not belong to the civil-
rights movementthat con-
cerns many thoughtful observ-
ers. _
Prof. C. Erie Lincoln of
Clark College, author of the
definitive study at the Black
Muslims, says:
Them is an incasing nutri-
ber of Negroes who feel that.
nonviolence has run its course,
and they are disillusioned."
Only the other day. on his
college campus in Atlanta,
eight Negro student lladers
met with an advisory group
bfleadihg white Atlanta cita-"92
-
zcns. The studc-nt"iead'ers"told
them that what used to be s
student movement "now in-
volves the total Negro com-
-munity." And this, reects
Professor Lincoln, includes
people who are not necessarily
committed to the philosophy
of nonviolence.
OF immense interest to ob-
servers, as Malcolm gparl___5 his
drive for recruits to his politi-
cal party. is its financing, He
has said that he will accept
money from any source, in-
cluding white people who,
however, can't join his group,
because when whites join an
organization, they usually out-
join it." There is speculation
whether Malcolm will be get-
ting at least petty cash {rem
his most picturesque recruit
to the Black lviuslims, the
heavyweight champion of the
world, Cassius X Clay!. The
-_22;,-:.';r-old fighter whom a
Nezro reporter has dubbed
the Clown Prince of the move-
P-"-EH!-. is constwtly in Mal-
colm's company and expects
to live on Long Island to be
near Malcolms home. I
Leaders of unquestioned sta-
ture in the civil-rights move-
ment are concerned not so
much-with the personality of
Malcolm X as with the condi-
tions in a community that
make it possible for any op-
portunist to exploit and cap-
italize them. Whitney Young,
executive director of the Na-
tional Urban League, ob-
serves: "As long as you have
the poverty, the poor housing,
the bitter conditions that
nourish the despair. there
will always be people around
like Malcolm X or John X or
any-X." *
And Professor Lincoln con-
cludes: The fact that Mal-
colm X believes that a. Black
Nationalist party is possible or
is needed is a reection up-r-ii
the distance we still have to
go to matte the Negro believe
that the white man is sincere-
ly interested in having the
Negro participate equally in
the common values _oI this
society."ii
92
.I. *
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Separate State -
_ In their new book, "The Negro Revolution in America"
- {Simon and Sehusteri, William Brink and Louis I-larria
show, through polls of Negroes, that there is a "massive
negative feeling" tovard'tl|e Biaelt Muslims. The idea
that Negroes form their own separate state in the South
or in iiiriea met with Better than ii-Io-i reieetion:
Total Rani Nol-
and File South South Leaders
96 95 95 16
Oppose separate state.87 91 84 '99
Favor separate slate. . 4 4 , 3 1
Not lure 4 . . . . . . .. . Q 5 I1 -
"Not only did Negroes oppose the_repa:-atist idea, but
they greeted the suggestion with ridicule. . . . Fred C.
Banks, a juvenile probation officer in Phoenix, Arizona,
- had this logical extension of the plan: Carry this to the
, nth degree and you'll send ail ethnic group! to their origi~
- nal eountriee. Tl:-at would leave the U.$. to the Indiana. "
vf'___-._,,.92
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la All Corrtradictiirn 92/
,_.__.. .__,.___. -».. _.. _,__
' "_/By_Dielr Schalp. .
' . City Editor
The sig-o' on the door says "Eve Nelson
Cosmetics-Subsldiln 0! . . ." The phrase
is not nished. - ' _
Inside, the zreen slatted blackboard in
divided into long columns, each topped by
the letters "CL," which stand for closinl
prices. There is not a single stock listed on
the board.
The roorri, lon and lean. ls sparsely tur-
nished-raiged green window shades,
checked zreen-and-white linoleum oor-
ing, two ancient wooden desks. e. dozen
rickety folding chairs and one stron: per-
manent, non-ioldin: chair.
Malcolm X sits in the non-folding chair.
Here. on the second oor of the Hotel
Theresa at 125th St. and Seventh Ave.
here where Joe Louis once lived and Fidel
Castro once lived and Cassius Clay now
lives, here in the temporary headquartersInf uh ha 92.l'n'|nnln92 T cheap 92-in unlit Q1;-denin-II up nu; auau-van ll nuns? nu opuy nun;
tram Elijah Muhammad's Nation oi Islam.
everything-troin incomplete sign to un-
used etockboard-exudes an air oi the
u'nre1' 92--_-r
Squeeksqueak-squeak" so the mark-
ing peneile, ee two college el_r1_e, their 114L-
swept into African styles, carefully letter
the cardboard signs heralding Malcolm's
speech on "Black Nationalism in Harlem."
which he will deliver at 8 p. 1n. tonight at
the Roclrland Palace on 155m St. and
Eilhth lee. SuddenJs'-"Bq92ieeeal.sk-.-
Bqueeeeaak -the long lines oi the I writ-
ten beneath Malcolm's name.
Down the hell. a man ears. "Maloolm's
oiiioe? Mlloohrrl in Room 228.
N0 228
There is no room marked 22!. Only the
Process oi elimination leads to the coe-
meties sizn. The sign spreads across two
class doors. both painted black. leaking no
clue to what is inside.It is all unreal, but mar
is the most unreal as t
He is. above all else, u .
It is almost impossible, upo him.
to dislike him. Friendly. arti te. almly
outzolne. his appearance and nner
melt all harsh 3911:.-the wo atHe.a1h-ta-inls non-roldinlets cramped under e woo¢l'i!1? °1ll1:
Greets his co-workers and his visitor; withPoliteness and warmth. "Brother James,
mild You live our visitor e chair?"
.1522 £=13.$:=2:*"9::11:=e===- - 1.=1==== we " " I * "*===K cemlien sweater and a
W311" Shirt and a solid brown tie, his black
shoes brightly Polished. his black socks
1-""1 Pulle =19. And his followers too'39" ¢lI'B1'l-111?. Proiectlne. more than'e.ny-'
thine else. e Madison A . 1mbucks"? lmaee. Two o;'eMel;.eglEr-.;11::i.:i.t:
ante leave th i.r it; 1; the mm B I. c e cases Irina around
And then Malcolm is talking and work.
P
19°
4
not neeoe
IIIMAB 311954 '
61- _._Waehin qlon Pol! andTrotter ._.__
Tele Room __._
Holmes __.._.
Gandy t.
ll
Times Herald
The Waahinoton Daily Nowo .__.
The Eveninq Star
Novl York
New York
New York
New York
New York
The New Loader _...__._.__.___
Tho Wall Street Journal
The National Observer _..._._...._
People's
Dole _
57!!»Mirror
Daily News
Poll
The New York Tirnee
The WorkerJournal-American ._._..__
/5 .5 77352
92.T=°Ll='$*§|i{"-§1.=§"T.°." *i .i rT"-if " _° * /Herald Tri bunl i
!I, ll»
r _,_ ._ l->1 .,. .
_ 3
'lT'.'I'
1
F
| .-*
:-1
v.
_.i-_s
Js-4-L
w
Vir»_-3...l
Iries? He reaches into his hilitoid and
plucks out a small card and quotes the
Constitutional amendment suaranteeing
citizens the right to bear arms. _ J*I-.
-r"~¢-e» 1* '*c~-_*.i*:7~*-K. ~ _,,-H, 1.;En-l| I and this is when instead of charming .
visitors. he frustrates them. He wallows in
contradictions and he ducks under stralaht
questions. labbins back with s speech, nos.
with a sirelsht answer. - - _ _ l". =~
Violence? Violence? Malcolm is not tea
violence. he says. 1 __
But did he susiest iiesroes
'92
"I operate only within the law." he says.
I do not advocate violence. I advocate
only each man's Constitutional right to de-
Iend himself. - - t
and in the next minute, chatting within
reporter ireshly arrived from Europe, a
reporter who has covered the violent revo-
lutions oi Mica end Southeast Asia. Mal-
colm is epeaklns longinsl! oi suerrills
warfare, of sniping and violence in the
streets.
Will there be guerrilla warfare amonl
the Negroes in the United States?
"Oi course," says Malcolm X. There 1|
already. You Just dorrt see it." 92
Is he for it? _
"I am not advocating violence.
f mvro
He slides into slick phrases to avoid
taking any ilrm stands. He derides the.
civil-rights leaders who cc-operate with
whites and use" methods developed by
whites and then. when he is asked ii he
isn't doin: the same thing, relyini on
speeches and college tours and endless
statements to the white press. Malcolm
smiles his charming smile and says.
"Did.n't David use Goliath's own sword to
cut o the giant's head?
Violence? He is totally opposed to that.
Then he is saying that no white man
knows what the Negro thinks, that no_
Nezro will tell a white man what he really
thinks.
In other words. then. Malcolm himself.
does not say to the white people what he
rellly thinks.
"I come closer than anyone e1se,"he says.
Again, he hidu behind words. Only
the servant sees the master." he says. "The
master does not see the servant. The
servant sees the master sleeping. The
master never sees the servant sleeping.
The servant sees the msstereating. TheTHHRLPV hnwlr 25-1 Q11. srsarunnf sanflna "|"hI-_-nu -was-a as-vu II-I92r avers-saw BFUII-a.e canal
servant sea the master angry. The master
never sees the servant anzry. The master
never really sees the servant at all. _
He smil. I. mixture of friendliness and
mocking. "You only see the tree," he says.
You do not see the roots. I1 the roots were
exposed to the open. they would wither
and die."
Ishellidingthetrueroofsothisown
philosophy?
Dill! s. smile.
Malcolm talks on.
He is airainst segregation and against- . ' Herald ri-mm-on
'- .. .Andll|ene.rlInin-
me, Malcolm is speak-
lnnainclw nl warns-villa- ow.-an-B-J -J aw»--um-warfare, of sniping and
- violence in the streets.
intesration. He is for sepe.rationa mat-
ter oi' choice. -
He thinks the Supreme Court decision
outlawing separate but equal" schools was
a disastrous mistake. . .
He ears that Ralph Bunche is not a
Nesro and that Carl Rowan. the head ct
the United States Information Agency, is
not s Negro. -
- -._'-.A;I
. .*'_*"'_._'-'is.:_-_ .__, vie, V , E -l.:'.__ ..._p..,- ' _ W _ _ _ _,; __ ___ ___h___
_.
- a.-___.
. h_- -He condemns token mtesraIt'l5'riind an
that Negroes who say that the? W81! l
only Negroes in their schools are neurol
"uppity" Negroes. And in the next bras
he tells you that he was the only N05
in his arade school in a emlll WWI
southern Michigan, and that his was t
only Negro iamili-' in *
It is impossible to stake Malcolm I
words seriously-unless you are wlllins
accept, at various times, both sides
every question. Sooner or later. he wo:
both sides. v
He is the sort oi man who would
wonderful at a cocktail party. if hi! Ml-I81
beliefs would allow him to attend. becai
he never lets conversation lag. But
would be less eective when there is a ne
for action, because at the present tir
his contradictions must breed confusion.
It is dangerous to dismiss lvlalcol iii?
ly He is too eloquent. too eective
stating a situationeven thoush he oi!
no practical way out oi the situation-
be isnored. The trick, a dimcult one, is
try to irure out Malcolm X. It is s gs:
that almost every thinisin: person in Hr
lem is playing these days. =
' EVALUATION .
II you sit and listen around the
Irills in Harlemin Frank: and t
on 125th St, tn Jm-1': and Small:
Shalimar on Seventh Ave. You can see i
cleriymen and the small politicians and
lawyers and the doctors trying to [at
Malcolm I. -
No one knows the extent oi his powe
possibly because he has never put .
power to any real test. -y
No politician will associate himself eo:
pletely with Malcolm. .
But none will completely diaassociz
himself, either. _ _
They are waiting, waitins to see ii ll
coin: X. now that he has opened his rar
to people who do not toilow the st:
Muslim precepts, will draw large numb
or followers. I
And they debate his manner and
methods. I '_-.
"Malcolm I is a senlus. a lawyer 92-
sayingl in the back room at J0cks. He
the most brilliant speaker I have eheard." I '
"Malcolm X is a creation of the wl
press." said a doctor in Frank's.
Malcolm I is a phonl." said a n
at the ha: in the Shaiimar. All be ea
about isMalcolm I-and money.
And Malcolm I sits back in his n.
10151118 chair on the second oor oi
Hotel Theresa and smiles and watche.
slow trickle of converts come thruuah
dew. matched by a trickle oi white
Perl-ere twins to llrure him out.
And it is amusins, and stranse. to .that hdeloolm X. the voice of Black Nstlc
alism. seems to expend his sreatest chs
_ and the most time on the whites, not I
Nesroes. who walk throgh gs psi:blackened doors. "
!_ 92 . .
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Herald Tribune photo by IRA
Malcolm X: He is, above all ,____
elae§1I!t!I"I! cluzrming. r . " i- -' '
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-. 49292 r IJONI-Y F0R~%vERS Pi rmsmc LEWIS CdLU74N. 1 iv was NOT use.!
cnurzom mos LE.-IIS cotmm son RELEASE ....onouAY, macs 26,
A.M. AND P.M. PAPERS. MUST NOT as PUBLISHED Barons mm DATE.!
WASHINGTON REPORT
BY FULTON LEWIS, JR. ,
COPYRIGHT, 1954, KING FEATURES SYNICATE, INC, PK,
WASHINGTON, March 25--The demagogic MalcoléF%I Black Muslim turned________4__Black Nationalist, has made giant strides toward leadership in the
Negro civil rights movement within the last two weeks.
A fortnight ago Malcolm, number two man in the Black Muslin
hierarchy, announced that he was quitting that group
Black Nationalist organization,
Since then, working out or temporary headquarters
Hotel Theresa, Brother Malcolm as he now prefers to
seen powerful leaders come to him for assistance.
This, despite his suggestions that American Negroes form "rifle
clubs and arm for "self-defense." This despite Malcolm's advice that
Negroes kill police dogs used to curb civil rights demonstrations.
This despite his vicious attacks on established Negro leaders Hal
NBunche is an international Uncle Tom"!.
One weekend after his split with th Muslims. Malcolm was invi _ e , , __ __ _. _to form his own
in
beNew Yorks
called
to Chester, Pennsylvania, for a meeting with militant Negro leaders.
Malcolm received the greatest applause afforded any speaker, Negro
leaders who cheered Malcolm included comedian Dick Gregory; qambridge,
Maryland's Gloria Richardson, and Chicago's Lawrence Landry, éhe -.
last-named Negro heads a nationwide group called the Coordinatpng '
Council of Civil Rights organizations. QT. Cv
Upon his return to New York, Malcolm was wooed by Negro militnts .5
who ran a second school boycott last week. Malcolm pitched-in, was
on radio and television to urge his followers to keep their children
home in protest against slum conditions.
A quarter million Negroes played hockey and credit went to Malcolm,
a Brooklyn minister, the Rev. Milton Galamison, and Jesse Gray,
dynamic leader of New York rent strikes.
Gray and Malcolm, as a matter of fact, were singled out by New York
Police Commissioner Michael J. Murphy as "irresponsible" leaders who,
IIthrough lust for power or other sinister motives" see the ci;il_rights=§ow'ement as a "means to a personal end or as thj 4P__e_Q_i>en It,c>JQj'1{+
ll 'crea17re<¬_5ha%Q.n our community ._ " I. J 'i*E§ray,and Malcolm stung back,OT RECUQDEQ
insisting that "Ilurphy ullgp|;a5"19¢'4 t _
Their charges were echoed by the New York State Communist Party which' H """"-Iqglllllshot of a letter to Mayor Robert wagner demanding that Murphy o
fired.f3 w
whether or not Malcolm will accept Communist support is not known.
He neatly
only that
who opensif he were imprisoned
that door and lets me
Note: Malcolm has indicated
at "the proper'moment." He hasdodged one question put to him by a New York newsman, saying
in a cage with a wolf, "I don't care
out." ?'i§ * '*rn.;
he will plunge headlong iri92I>§1'§olt*.'92c3*
all-Negro Freedom Now Party, a group formed last year by the_l§Tt ,;-<
Cgnpad 1ynn,.or form a political party of his own. ."'
MORE! I 506 6%,6»/*%,,_,,,,,, _M
not saidiirie will affiliate i the
t .
6_
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4;..;,-._,_1__. . .- ,_,,,»__-'y__n_ - ._ y.
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FOR RELEASE THURSDI MARCH 26,.196# PAGE 2
EY FULTON Ilswzs, Ja; xx own,
while the Freedom Now Party has not yet run a candidate for public
office, another all-Negro party has, The New Frontier Party, formed
last year by dissident New Jersey Negroes, ran candidates for the
State Legislature, while no New Frontier candidates won, they did
draw sufficient votes from the Democrats to enable several
Republicans to achieve victory.
New Frontier Party leaders, flushed from their Pyrrhic victory,
twill this year field a full slate of candidates in northern New
Jersey. They will run candidates for the U.S, Senate, the U.S. House
of Representatives, and the Essex County posts of Surrogate, Sheriff
and the Board of Chosen Freeholders,
-I--I-*
92 The Maryland State Senate, in a virtually-unprecedented move, has
blasted U.S. foreign policy as cowardly and ineffective. The
Democratic-controlled body approved a Special Resolution stating its
deep concern over the foreign pOlicies of the United states and the
low ebb to which this great country has some in the esteem and
affection of the rest of the world."
*-l--I-
Nelson Rockefeller is the albatross around his brother, WinthfOpS,
neck. Winthrop has long been groomed as the man who can be Arkansas
first Republican governor.
But Winthrop must, of course, back his brother for President. -
Now comes word from Arkansas that leaders of the Republican Party
in that state are shying away from Winthrop Rockefeller. Sort of
guilt by
State
Winthrop
Winthropassociation.
GOP Chairman William L. Spicer, for instance, insists that
is trying to force his brother on State Republicans. This
denies, but there is no doubt his political sledding would
be easier if his brother were not seeking the Presidency.
MP!J_- .-L! _.ii" TT
0-20 Flew 10-1s-521 /
Tolson
Belmont
Mohr iii
Casper _________
Callahan iibat 9§EHil?4glE9 'Ev?
Gale
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Tc192./el ._i___
I: ' Trotter i
Tele. Room
Holmes -
UPI 79 f;I - 19
'_? - V J .__; h NEH n§k&%EETE§1nEnr BLACK MUSLIF LEADER MALCOLM x SAID roan? nxs NEWPROGRAM tea nzcaozs was AnousEn -rxuz- RESPONSE ACROSS THE unrmen DESP1TE_
OPPOSITION raon was BLACK MUSLIM LEADERSHIP HEADED av ELIJAH nunnnman IN
CHICAGO.MALCOLM saxn RE was -not AT ALL :xc1r:n- av was cnzcacc MUSLIMS nos?-+1 92n£c£NT ATTACK on HIM-A srntzrtur BY MAOLCOLM'S enornsn PHILBERT x AT MUSLIM MINISTER IN nxcnxcan. PHILBERT cnanczn Inn? AL§QLM_IS_A_FAL5E- a Ivnovnzr LEADING nzsaozs zwro VIOLENCE BLOODSHED awn LOSS or L1rE.=-' ITION our THERE IN CHICAGO THAT THEY THEY ARE IN SUCH A DESPERATE POS' HAVE USED MY BLOOD BROTHER TO MAKE CHARGES AGAINST ME " MALCOLM SAID-
r
F_' "HE NEEDS HIS JOB AND UANTS TO KEEP IT, AND THE BEST RAY TO KEEP IT IS
ALLOW HIMSELF TO BE USED-EALCILH BROKE WITH ELIJAH MUHAMMAD AFTER THE MUSLIM PROPHET Z
» CRITICIZED HALCOLPPS DEROGATORY STATEMENTS ABOUT THE ASSASSINATION OF' I PRESIDENT JOHN E. KENNEDY. FTALCOLM SAID TODAY THAT ELIJAH PUT ME OUT qAND HAS NEVER GIVEN HE A CHANCE TO ANSUER THE CHARGES AGAINST ME BEFORE
92;THE NATIONAL FUSLIH BODY.1 i]BUT§L%A3TH§§TH§5%§f§0¬§0s -usr:n HAVE szzu GIVEN A HEARING,
% 92 E P .AI-I 5/21--naazsevzs .
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Mount Cllpplflq I" S995 B.|°', _ ~W''92 .9292 , Mr. Tolson_
Mr. Bclnzont
.=lr. Me-ht-_..,
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By Linn Allen ,
A member of his own family
Thursday bitterly condemned
former Black .92lusl' leader
l92l-' ,olm X as tr ng to lead
Ne oes into olence, blood-in a four-city Michiga i area
and one of Malcolm's tw 'elder
brothers. delivered an unprece-
dented public attack at a press
conference here._ _ t -:-'-1- f--Iq|__* ii , __ -g=- i - j; 7- ,* ~ cw-'7 _
people who listen and folio
him unnecessary loss of blo
and life."
Malcolm, who left the Bla It
Muslims after a dispute wih ~i.. .
:1:
'f-. 1'--..st=':',,
Sole; Room
Miss Holmvs .
Miss Gandy.-.44lg
--___,.--__...
pqqgl ncrltl Of
any and Hate-I
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1 Malcolm gained great pres-
tiige as the result of his asso-
92 ciatio with the Honorable
Elijah Muhammad, and now
he W ts to use this prestige
l to lea the followers of Islam
astray," Philbert claimed.
I Philbert asserted his brother
would do anything" to achieve
fame and to slander Muham-
mad out s feeling of revenge.
Malcolm has always prided
himself on being" a great user
{of people, especially women,"
-the minister continued, andilnow he seeks to prevail upon
92 women who unfortunately were
weak and went contrary tolcl "
l Malcolm would induce men to1-lvaaia-abat through women ll--_-
-"v§-. - -,_ '92:___..;.i_...t:_E.>.92t.:.»4f_1_,i 31'-_ -3%",
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- ;;.- .;-.. -1- ; " 92'-;'. ~-.. $__, ~.t,w--:-:;6'-'- 92- -- -FL-iilbert X, elder brother
is Malcolm X, condemns
ills brother's behavior. Sun
Times Photo!
leave the mcvente
inuential Mu sl
conduct.
He told reporters:
I beseech you to warn those
who may he taken in try my
brother: desire to promtlfe his
own selsh end.
Philbert, who said he spoke
as a messenger of Elijah
Muhammad, contended
brother's defection was not
seriously harming the 'Muslirn
IIl092"¢lIlCl1l-
"It is growing all the time.
he _'l"l1is is__a_tir_ne of
crisis for the a0eal1ed Ameri-
can Negro.
He reiterated the Black Mus-
lim stand that Negroes ought
to band together into a separate
Isqlinra
Philbert is Muslim minister
for Lansing, Grane!-Rzp-Ids,lt
ib
l92l.usl<egou and Flint, Mich. He in Detroit. --__-ea,
said he spoke prior to the con- The conference was held at
fEl:¢IlC¬ Wllh llll bflhf, 3. |'.|CWly Opecd Kfuglim 11:3-
Ylftlfred X.__v/ho is minister at taurant, the Shabaz5_ at 616
Muhammad! Temple No. HE. 7lst. * _" -~
lv
"Although they are often poles apart on the civil rights
Issue, Dr. Martin tuther Kingqlr. left! and former Black
Muslim leader Malcolm X have a friendly greeting for each
- other as they meet in a Capitol corridor Thursday. They
and other Negro leaders watched debate on the civil rights
bill. Both Dr. King and Malcolm X agreed there would be
Jhga-demonstrations in Washington il the debate turns
into a filibuster. AP! _ ____...--
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L
BY STAN PUT.92'AM
J=m"r.-as-soon-spun:
Malcolm X. the man who
lseeks a separate American Ne-
;;,g'ro nation, predicted in Detroit-
isunday that a "hot summer" is
ahead, one in which one spark!
of violence could sweep the
instion. F "The Negro is awake." Mal-i
oolm X said. "The white man
must realize this. I am not try-
ing to set the spark. I am only
4_ O l I
. A CHAMPION of the Negros
complete political, economic and. giving the warning." .r
social separation from the.
white race, Malcolm X add:-easa
a rally at King Solomon Baptist
Giurch, Fourteenth and Mar-
quette.. _
,, He spoke as the leader of
his newly formed Muslim
Mosque, 1nc., whiei; also is
known as the Black National-
llh PIl"t,.I-I-Iunl||_
His appearance in Detroit
was sponsored by theHi}roup on
,e..:.. men <@<=i»~»>»ranother Negro 01'SB-lial-5° I
iwhich contends that l6P91'3ti°"
Q-not integraLionls the an-
..wgr to the Negro prob1ern.- '. e u n ..
AT A PRESS conierence at
G,0A_L |1gq,di1,921l,1"tQl!'I, 11605 Lift
wood. Malcolm X 8-Elm °h"!°
1,55 the em-rent direction of
civil rights with statements
that recently put mm on_ thetront pages or the nations
ipress. He said: - h,
The Negro must stop -v=i=I $11; -for a place in 1'-11¢_'~"'111t°
Y man's sun by "1U'|d1' "!nE t°
Negro communities in Whlllh
he could control hi-I OWE P9"
iitieai, economic and Iodl-1
i life.
1 Q Negro leaders who teach
1 the ethic ol "him-the-01319?
cheek and "non-violence I-1'6
traitors to the Negro ll!!-
. When the Government fails
I P" P'£F°H'°. i'Hb be re y>
l
1In-.._ I _J ne|.VB g192'Gl'1 SQ per cent°f their vote only to get, inlretur-n 8' d Dem
-"Mic-eontmiiea Con re 0' .
l
i
3whether the Ne 5: as ongiven his ghtfm nuld beII - ' E IThe first step 1;; $151.-ii the,
problem between the races ln.
this country is honest communi-
cation," he said?-Q '
"Both sides have been mil-
leading each other. The whites
don't Want integration. The
Negro has been telling the
white man what he thinks the
white man wants to hell. I I I
MALCOLM X split abetlli a
month ago from the Black
Muslim Negro movement Be=
tore that he was No. 2 man to
the Black Muslim's founder,
Elijah Muhammad. '
He broke from the founder
because Muhammad tailed to
act on his own analyses of
the nea for Negro separa-
tion from the white man,
Malcolm X sitlll.
When he stepped out, Mal-
colm announced that the Black
|Muslim movement had 'gone
,about as far as it'cau."
1'? I-Ie accused the organization
of being "too narrowly sectarian
and too inhibited" to assurne
responsibility in the racial
striiggle. 92 . _ _i . '-%r . .
iii.-92L _'J Jla!.»! X ea-1 the Blecl:
Muslim leaders ignoredhis plea
to worlnwith America! 22
million Christian Negroes" in a
move from non-violence to
active self-defense." _
While his followers in the.
Ivisiirn Mosque, Inc., are Mus-
lim, he claimed, We don't allow
this to interfere with oo-
operation with other groups
seeking s solution to our polit-
ical, social and economic
grievances." '
I-Ie said a door-to-door Negro
registration eampa.ig'n-like the
one his group is conducting in
New York will be made in
every city across the nation to
get the Negro into politich.
-gjas independent voters," he
hasiz i f i§*==hl=l. Bib» we ---- . .Q N have.me:mp{- /L; _ by the Democratic lflfil I/C/_:'7
i
I
i92 -.- 1 _:.,MUSLIM REBEL SPEAKS Hiznn _ p i .-
e,/u
flu
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v l
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.."_r.: 4 . c; _.-'11:, .;|_..' - ,-* :.- ,' i i *-$5 '-'11 .. ~~ -' . " ,1"w.;- . _?.s7-= -' . -es: ~.I-I :".--
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Bliss E- J?
Miss G+*='3Y1'! ------»
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,_fe -- I -- -
Indicate pdqe, name of
newspaper, city and stall.!
:1 A The DetrL
Press
Detroit, M1 ch
oit Free
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rD-I9 Rev. 5-Z7-53!
. "-"r. -."'T""""923_'_QI92lI~Au'l*IP"P92-IQ-92""|""!-I.'1-P¢_I-1-_I>~ »'
-4 - I-§?»§;o_:;;
SPECTATORAh
Tlla nerflnnlz rt A/rnlnnlarn YLIED UVIUPUUIY U] LVLLDULUDIID - 92-Trrs 1=ar:noM.rr@TLY wrrrre AUDIENCE listened respect-rully as Malcolm laid it on the line: "For 400 years we have
fought ym d all we say today is, it's pay day." '
"America," he said, "ls the only country in world history in a
position to brins about a bloodless revolution, but the United States
is not morally equipped to do so. There is no system more corrupt
th this which still colonize: and enslaves 22 million blacks while
it "all over the world telling others how to straighten out their
ho -
The audience o! about 500 that heard him speak in New Yo
go. Gardens April 8 under the auspices of the Militant La
Forum included a sprinkling of his own followers, interested yo
peoplewh.ite and blackand an older group of white radicals
whom Malcolm: point of View seemed sometimes alien, of
troubllnl, for he rejects summarily their past and present c
mltment.
Already persuaded of the need for full-scale registration of
gro voters. this audience agreed with Malcolm that if this could
accomplished, then full use of the ballot in all states would wipe
what he calls "this cracker government in which ten out of
Senate committees and 12 out of 20 House committees are hea
by Dixiecrat chairmen ". . . and you're going to tell me the So
lost the wa.r?"!. i
I- ulv llnhu-a _UII §1'92Q --ow-lptreoelnn J-new elnaavuuu GIQI uni 51:54.: nanauu us. - -- - """" " _
structure mnnot allow to work, and he de1in':d Di1iews-s ::llw
territory south of the Canadian border" in which the north
ll . ral Democrat "tells us what he'll do and conspircs behind
be with the Southern Dixiecrat."
mm Bulcx asmnxcans wake up to the fact they've
oelved nothing. he said, it will be the bullets instead of ballotTolson ___.__
Belmont _._.i
Mohi __.___._
Casper __._._
Callahan _.__._._
Conrad __;__..
DeL.oach _.._..._
Evans __._.._._._.._
Gale
Rosen ii
Sullivan ______
Tavel ?__.i
Trotter ____..._.i
Tele Room .i
Holmes i_._.._
Gandy ______._
on school integration a no-namely, that it doesn't exist and i
practical: but that doesn mean he's a segregationlst. he e
It is not the presence or Jasence of black children in a class!"
that determines whether e school is segregated; it is the acade
dietand that is dictated by those who control the school." t
Domination of the civil rights movement by whites and by Pgroes begging for a place on s, white stage has dictated the 1
violent character oi the movement. in Malcolm's opinion. He .
that no intelligent white man would fight for his own freedom
way he fights for black freedom. "Sure he'll sit in and be 1:
violent and so forth, but when his own property ia_attacked_
not nonviolent. He's only nonviolent when he's on your side." it
It was his indictment of white participation in the civil rig
struggle, his adamant refusal to acknowledge individual contri
tion to freedom or progress anywhere and his rejection of their r
ticipatlon in the struggle to come that disturbed his older wl
radical Listengri, - _ f
Young people, howev , seemed to accent his willingness
cooperate on tactic; "with ny group. white, pink. black or yellow
and delay settlement of 1 yer questions. - iT 1-nos Csnraaarron. higalcolm made clear, explain; his pool
"'I'he711 forset about turning the other cheek and nonvlolence a:'92 ~ _yan¢ MPMU
We Shall Overcome'." That time may be this year, he said, an 7 ~ ~ e iii
when it comes the blood will flow on both sides.
It was stones yesterday and it is Molotov cocktailsltoday and
itwiil be grenades tomorrow. Do not think I incite you. It is only
if you face up to the seriousness of the situation that you may save
yourselves. You are dealing today with a people that not only knows
what it wants but knows what it should have. And there: another
generation coming up that, in addition, knows how to to get it."
The reverherations at a racial explosion here would be felt-and
supported-all over the world by the black revolution that has been
taking -place since 1945, the black nationalist leader believes.
According to Malcolm. the separation of blacks from the white
commtmity oi America is a lact of liie and therefore, Negro Amer
icons should enjoy complete control over the politics and politicians
of our conununity rather than leave it to the white man.
I The black nationalist, for whom Malcolm is Ptfhllil the most
areiculate spokesman, argues from separatist position that he
is u part or a world majority rather than an American minority.
primary goal is human rights, not civil rightL._-_m%'I'he other black nationalist argume-nte fall into place within
this fnunework: The white ruling class wont permit the acquisition
of human rights by black men without revolution; _in such a rev
olution. black inen must defend themselvu I -
icon// '3 .§_3___/
nor erconoeo
46 APR 30 1964The Washington Post and
Times Herold
The Wcrshinqton Daily Newt i_
The Evening Star
| York Herald Tribune
Now York Journal-American ---i
New York Mirror
New York Daily News
New York Pool
The New York Time! _._,_.__.i
The Worker ._h.___.._i.
The New Loader ______ii_____
The Wal1Slreet Journal _...._.....i-
The Notional Observer i_._.___.
' People's W;rid~A %%f§§Eo4;}:/;, _ /1"-.
=~,.'~='-.-
'-_J
. ._-
11%-'1
.__P _i-r U'1-197111-v. 5-31.53,
/Z41 MiLlT.~NT LABOR FORUM
51¢.
- -By David Iierrnin "_*'
NEW YORK - An audience of
nearly 600 heard Malcolm X
speak on Black Revolution" at
an April 8 meeting at Palm Gar-
dens under the auspices of the
Militant Labor Forum.
He was well received by the
Negroes who comprised about a
quarter of the audience, and by
most of the whites, as he out-
lined his views on Black Nation-
alism. See announcement. page 1!
Some white liberals. however,
were visibly disturbed by his
scathing indictment of the role
of liberalism in the Negro strug-
gle and his insistence on an all-
blaclr leadership tor the Negro
movement. _
A lively point in the dlSC_|.S'5iG
period was I heated exchange
between Malcolm X and James
Wechsler, liberal editorial column-
ist for the New York Post. Wechs-
ler sought to bolster the press
propaganda smear that MalcolmX is a "hate-monger.
' GR: M i.-..de
This charge was not substL_n-
tiatecl for those who came to learn
what Malcolm X really stands
for and who listened to him with
an open mind. A number of such
young people later indicated that
the meeting had given them a
completely different conception of
Black Nationalism than they had
gotten from the news media,
Malcolm X, in turn, welcomed
the oportuni to address the
meeting and also commended The
Militant. In his closing remarks,
he said:
I want to thank the Militant
Labor Forum for the invitation
to speak here this evening. I think
as I said earlier, the paper is one
of the best Ive reaqiwe always
encourage those in Harlem to buy
it when we see if up there, or
where ever else we may see it.
It's a very good paper, and I hope
they continue to have success -
make progress. They cs:-. probably
Straighten out a lot of white peo-
Dle. Let us straighten out the
brr.ci'.-;-§ple." __.,____._.,,
?/Ibow 195».aihat the time is long paF
I1,
J ,_
!-. e
f '
i
1
v
Y
3
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s..1
1" 1
as »
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._ .0-H'tnev.s-21-sag . , _- " ""- Tolson _._
n Likes FNP " "" "" D
ln response to a question about
the Freedom Now Party, Malcolm
X answered that he didn't know
rm much about it, but "what I
know about it I like.
During his presentation, Mal-
colm X denounced the Democratic
pq_|'1,y_ Any Negro who registen
as a Democrat or a Republican is-
a traitor to his own people, he
said in answer to a question.
Another questioner asked him
about the importance oi Marxism.
"I don't know too much about
Karl Marx," he answered. But
he indicated an understanding of
the key role of economic issues
with a concise explanation of the
shrinking world market for Amer-
ican goods and its effect on the
American economy.
At several points in the question
period Malcolm X talked about
what whites can do.
The whites can help it they're
progressive-minded, he said, "but
my observation and analysis of
the type of help that tl1eyve been
giving makes me very cautious
about the help they otter _. . .
- _ 'l92vo Standards?
No white person would go
' bout ghting tor freedom in the
same manner that he has help
you and me right tor our freed
_ none of them would. When it
comes to black freedom, then t e
white man -- he freedom rides
and sits-in. He's non-violent. He
sings We Shall Overcome" and
all that sort of_ stuft. But when
the property of the white man
is threatened or his freedom is
threatened, he's not non-violent."
So it the whites are sincere in
the struggle, they will show the
black man how to use better
tactics, tactics that will get "results
- and not results I hundred years
from now. '
"Our people are not going to
wait ten years," he said.
I! this house is a house of free-
iiorii and iustiee tor all -- it that:
what it is - then let's have it."
Toward the end of the questionperiod an elderly white man in-
sisted on a chance to answer Mal-
colm X. Given the floor. he PW"
. ceeded to lecture Malcolm X on
l hat was wrong with his view!»"92E1d called him bloodthirs_§1_." I,
3:.--,1'i.-I--'<icoIi1t X answered.
trash» he attitude oi t
gent w
man oiwith that oi ti
-eting, Rich:.-Un.
1 t|'|o-
hair-
Gar-
za.
' "Y0!-I" ude right n- ' he
admoni =he man in ti audi-
Bc. " type oi attit that
"I81" Sam a lr -im
"T t the Oli-
titu- American
P' to the chai
¢0l'Il= He doesn't rt
¢O11B¢l- -titude. He ref
Ulliqllc a lude. He's quii
listening. hi; taking it
He: analysi: rg it, And wp
5*-""35 "D W < "K, he's goi-
SP6-Hit in a mu -more intelli.
manner than I~ '- and will '
more friends thi"'l you , _ _
"Pm "°l 5==92.YiII=? his to ilve his
0? P81 him on the back. I think
you know me better than that
It I say positive ihincs about h||n_
I mean it.
HQ will Probabi! 1'"t some ct
you saved. but row ill-t most at' on killed." 1
NEW YORK, April t3 - Mai-
_olm X i.IlltOunc¢"d fast night that
he was leaving for ,192g;-jca nan
week to spend three weak; than
U1 ! °92"=IY0e -oh" will listen
ab0ut_ the Condition 1| lilack Inga
in this country amt Hiding wt
how "IE M fill .'|ism|[ [he
Afro-Americans.
Gloria Richardson. loader of the
Cambridge. Maryland moveiilnl
shared the p1a1fr.rI92 ._,,',;|, Main],-
X and Jesse Gray, Harlem rent
strike leader.
Both Gloria Qiehurdson and
Malcolm X supported the call d
Preoklyn COPE_ For a "gta11.m*
ltd! T0355 leadill to the world;tin on its Opgl-uh: ¢lq_y_ Bqgh Q"-|-
Phi"-ed the we for individual
initiative and the need for gvery
individual to take on himself the
respcnsibllity of carrying on the
B};l_»I£_lle,JoI' treedom.tn-I-I='*"= '
9-_ I /Ig AesTg .LQPy l/QITBB/'B.4* ~ l* "' " < »._7__ ._i-_._s . . ., : _ _
Belmont
Mohr
Casper
Cllczhon _
Conrad
_ Evans
_ _ Af_ricans Kldnappiai--~»
Malcolm X devoted the last of
the current series of Sunday night
rallies to telling how the civilized
Africans were kidnapped, sys-
tematically de-humanized to the
point where their will to resist was
destroyed and then brought to this
country to be slaves.eLooch
He said that any strategy used --
by any grwp Halt exposed the
situation of the black man in this
country before the world was a
good strategy.
Gloria Richardson opened her
remarks by saying that Brother
Malcolm had added a necessary
and vital spark to the struggle.
She advocated controlled sell-
clefense as a barrier to violence.
Through the tactic of controlled
self-defense. we may be able to
avert a civil war, she said.
Independent political action =adtocated by Malcolm X and ta
- .-1Fr edom Now Party was the sec-
onu tine of selideiense, she sat...tlesse Gray spoke briey, em-l
phasizing the need to raise con-
crete demands when carrying out
any protest action.
The next rally will be held in
about four weeks when MalcolmX returns from Africa, /
DETROIT, April 13 - Malcolm
X drew repeated rounds of ap-
plause from an appreciative au-
dience ot nearly 2,090 Negroes
here last night. He spoke at a
rally sponsored by the Group on
Advanced Leadership GOAL! at
the King Solomon Baptist Church.
He warned that the Negro poo
ple must make a revolution ll
they were to win their freedom
now. He explained that there had
been no bloodless revolutions pre-
viously, but suggested that Amer-
ica could heed the demands of
the Negroes in 1954 and have I
bloodless revolution tor the rsttime. '
is. ~ . -_=- r _;;-v
The New Lender _
The Wall Street Joni-no:
The Notional Obulrvgr
People's WrldDcrtq
"Militant"
? Cs*~- I
iii?
.
_,.
1-
1
1-'-en-n-up
A-A-In
. , -
s
3 ,. - lhe wmte. -I-'-" 92
not this Holy Pilgrimage, whileD-l 9 Rev. 5-27-63!
XF 5
By Whites A - iiude
On Trip i Meccai
' I
|
ByES.' xotea 5
;- Malcolm X has informed a
md in s letter
from Saudi _Arsoo_.]imn he
-3"" .T°F? .'*? =2» lie l11?it=1.$H&r=
ltn tvvoweeks with new, positive
i_nsighi.s'onre-ce relations, -.
._ use _seid he had gained them
trolls, his religious experience,
in Mecca, the Holy City of
Islam. He said that for the:
met tithe in his life hehadi
jfglh-no-social antagonism to-
twarrl whites nor ha-d he sensed
any antagonism on their part
against him. . *1
The letter from Mecca, dated
April 25, described how he had]
arrived at his new insights on
race relations while on a pll-
grimnge.
! um Colors and Ranks
_ "There are Muslims oi all
colors and ranks here in Mecca,
from all parts oi this earth,"92.
"During the past seven days
undergoing the rituals of the
Hajj {pilgrimage}, I have eatenv
from the same plate, drank
from the same glass, slept on
the time bed or rug, while pray-~
ing to the same God-not only
with some oi this earths most
powerful kinfs, Cabinet mem-
and other forms
i I _ot political and -ellgious rulers
-but I-lso with fellow-Muslims
whose akin was the whitest
te, whose byes were the
or blue, and whose hair
was the blondest obblond-yet
itwagthetlrsttimeinmylite
ti-i
. _
.f.??"af
_,-s_¢-1that I didn't see them as white
Isn,_.Iacould look into their
2 MAY14;' Sought Broader Action l- --o-. _- .,7--Ji-::eLaod see that these iinalllll.
regard themselves as white.
Their belie! in the Oneness,
oi God Allah! had actually
removed the white from theiri
minds, which automatically
changed their attitude and be-
havior toward eople or othercolors. Their belie! in the One-
ness oi God has actually made
them so different from Arneri-,
icon. whites, their outer physical
characteristics playedno partalso sincerey accept the ne-
ness of Man, and they would
cease to measure others always
in terms oi their differences in
color."
i At another point he wrote:
; 'I'he American Negro should
never he blamed for racial ani-
mositles; because his are only
reactions, or defense mecha-1nisms which his subconsciousintelligence has lorced him to
erect against the conscious rac-Q_.||,_4 my mind during iilsm practiced . . . by Amer1can|
T11! clise associations with
rhem." ,iwhitei. M1...- ' But as America's insane ob-I
Before lea;-jn for the Midd1ei5¬S8i0 With !'3C1SlIl'l 18811! hfclsst, Malcolm god said that he{up the suicidal path, nearerwouiq lead 3,1, newly tormeqand nearer to the precipice that
Idink nationalist organisation
'41! the forefront of the civil
-Yghis struggle this smnmer.
T Malcolm recently withdrew
from the Black Muslim Move-
ment founded and led by Elijahleads to the bottomless pits be-
low, I do believe that whites
of the younger generation, in
the colleges and universities,
through their own young, less
hampered intellect, will see the
handwriting on the wall and
turn for spiritual salvation toMuliairuni-d oi Chicago because}he felt its religious sectarian-i
isrrl-had-imited its scope oi3-Ctlm1__ l
Malcolm's new movement
does not require membership in
the Black Muslim faith. It is
open to Negro Christians and
Black Jews, as well as to non-believers. - -
Malcolm's letter said he hoped1
turning to New York by May20 _ . . Ghana, and Algeria before re
He described some of his re-l
actions to Mecca this way: "I
have never before witnessed
such sincere hospitality and the
practise ot true brotherhood as
I have seen and experienced
during this pilgrimage here in
A bis.ra .
In tact. what I have seen
and experienced on this pil-
grimage has forced me to re-
arrange much of my own
thought-pattern, and to lossaside some oi my previous con-1
"e'l-onion!
In describing the people OI!
the pilgrimage, he wrote:
"Their sincere submission to the
Oneness of God. and their true
acce tance of all nonwhites asequals makes the so-calledwhites slsfh accegtable asequals into e bro erhood oi
Isla.'|'n with the nonwhites. Co!-F
or ceases _to be 1 determining
factor of a man: worth or val-
ue once he becomes "a Muslim.
I hope I lm making this part
very clear, because it is now
very clear to me. ""-"-""' l
. "Ii white Americans would?
ept the religion of Islam, if$3; would accept Eli!'U7lless
oiithe religion oi Islam and force
the older generation 0 -
can whites to turn with them."
to visit Egypt, Sudan, Kenza. 92o
Tanganyika, Zanzibar, 192 g¬Il3.,|
1./_"._
no-r RECORDED
46 MAY 131954
i'
/00-57/4The
The
The
New
New
New
New
New
The
The
Thl
The
The
PeaTolson __._.__
Belmont
Mohr __i_._.___
Casper ii.__
Callahan _..i..
Conrad ¬___-
DeL.oach
Evans _¬__......
Gale __-__-__-
Fiosen ..i_____
Sullivan ____._
Tovel
Trotter
Tele Room ,___
Holmes .__._.-.__
Gcind
Washington Post and -----
Times Herald
Washington Daily N9"! -
Everiinq Sll
Ygrk Herold Tribune it
Ygg-k Journal-American it
York
York.
YorkMirror
Dolly New!
PostNew Y ark TsWorker
New Leader
wqll Street Journal __.i--
Notional Observer __i-
pie's World
QC»
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$25.
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Mount Clipping in $poee BQIOI! H _,_gfh'l ____--
-_|. I"
BIC.
Eolm'T
To Debate .
Louis Lomaxl
Negro supremacist MalcomX will debate with Negro
author Louis Lornax here May
'23 on Which Way Goes the
Neg:-oIntegration or Separa-
tion."
The debate, described as a
no holds barred affair, will
e held at 8:30 p.m. in the
ivic Opera House. Reserv
ickels are from $2.50 to
Malcolm X, who recen
broke with the Black Mus'
leadership, is an advocate of
Negro-white separation. Lo-
max, author of Come Up
America" and The Negro Re-
volt, is an advocate of non-_
violent action. -
Irv Kupcinet, Sun-Time:
columnigt, will serve as mod-
Cfatur. Q-I-I-n-mini
I/23 g-3 "4
gr.-1':YEg%Rg4
92"v~ '
1 -*1O
l f 1
_-_ a.»_'z "" .;3 --v £1 .I ' - I
. I, .-,1."r4I . _____ ..
l $1.55 G;92l.d$"
{Indicate poqe. name Of
newspaper, city and state.!
ll 1
Al
1
92|
'/
DAILY NEWS
GO, ILLINOIS
Date: 5- _
z=1w=n = RED STREAK
Author:
Editor:
Title: Halcollxlaka
Character:
or CHICAGO
Classification: >
Submlttlnq Office:
_ . T-..- . ..>-3 ~ -1 ¢=-:=.E;-wt-I---v" L ._ ,_,_. .=,.»._ _ 92..- r. - " - '7
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I Belmont _..__
Mohr ___.._____
Casper __?__
Callahan __..___ _ , _ _ _ . _ . ... - - . .0m "' T'-_ Conrad _i_
f Islamic Lender Has a Stake in Sincerity - G°1°DeL.o<:ch in.
Evans
_ ____ -' -I _ ,,,_- _1_ :|, Rose
2. ll
1 . .
_ -..._....e...---.- _ ,
~ ' -' ' Holmes
I ' ' - * Gc1n.dy_?__.~ ém ' _ Sullivan
clvel1 6 * _ _ I ' -"Letter _...__..__
Tele Room ___
-- --.. Ht.
1 1
_ sun Renortor "
NEW YORK--The min whoItakes txwbgredit for "taming"
Malcol and converting
hT1T"F"'E'e Islam" is Dr.
Mahmoud Youssef Shawarbi.
director or an E.-$tien nations
11 who directs the Islamic
Center here.
Dr. Shawarbi said Malcolm
X came to him to learn about
real Islam." After Dr. Shaw-
at-bl was convinced int Mai-
oolm was nincere he urged himt 'I}1
13
31-'LP!"; '
Mecca. ~
t Malcolm, a publicly de-
clared ex-Black Muslim and
now ex-racist, also said that
Dr. Shawarbl was instru-
mental in "helping me to uln-
derstand true Islam, lreligion
ithnt teaches brotherhood and
tolerance between peoples of
all colors and national ori-
gins. His views, included in
a letter telling of his experi-
ences on the pilgrimage, were
distributed to news media
_under the name of Malcolm:__ -_ 92_k_____ 4
lim Mosque, Inc.
jCon:|plete Turnabout
This new position by Mal-
colm Ls a complete turnabout
for the former Black Muslim
minister who was briey as-
signed to Washington. He was
silenced by Elijah Muham-
mad, head of the Black Mus-
lim, for mocking President
Kennedy: assassination. He
broke away completely March
8 to form his own group.
Dr. Shawarbi indicatedtutelage of Malcolm X from
other Arab Muslims here in
New York. Most of the criti-
cism stemmed from fears that
Malcolm is not sincere and
may use the religion and pil-
grimage as a device to im-
iprove his public image for his"
own purposes.
Questions Answered
Against this backgrou d,
Dr. Shawarhi has a stake in
Ma.Ico].ms sincerity.BY -T68!-Q W- IMBW18 -T1- M m&1_K_¢ the pilgrimage t0|new organization, "lllhe Mus-there waswkopposition to his
I What caused Malcolm, who
1'» -1: - l,_ 7;-"..-ask.
~._ .
-1 s . 1;
-_ v
.--_.¢-__..w_ .
.3,-nu
-_a -.j:--,1.
521 ".-.-
:__¬
i..* I *92
it. ..-"--T-_;.'."g
r' -5' '.. .J _.."-,_ _.
-1-i.:-7.i,:"'.- ,_" ii-mt» ' - 5-,.-
in
;-'."1
.f-Fri2- I"_ _
Lia
1:
.114
it
._;_ . . --i;;_'v'. _"'-."_'D-i 9 H Iv. 5-Ti-53!
L t '
re "-
was
Tfor -- --Q.-.._ _. .
once too outspoken evenI the alfacie-..MuslIms, to
turn away from hil extreme?
fbrand of raolsm . =' -
L These questions were an-M
swered by Dr. Shawarbt during
a four-hour interview hi histhird oor office in the grayi
stone building that houses thei
Islamic, Center at 1_.R1versldel
Dr. Sbawarbi, 43, is a native.1.-._. = f
of Cairo andpstill is on the
staff of Cairo University, his
alma matter. Be said he also
holds deirees £1-om the univer-
sities ot_WaIes and London.
Malcolm rst came her
in March," said Dr. Sh-awarbi
in a mixed Egyptian and Brit-
ish accent. I never met him
fbeiore but I had heard quite
la bit about him.
l Wanted to Learn .
He told me he Wanted to
learn about the real Islam.
He said he was already a Mus-
lim but felt there was more
to it. First, I had to persuade
him to give up his racist ideas.
I pointed out that sometimes
Arabs themselves feel they are
somehow special Muslims be-
cause the Prophet Muhammad
was Arab. But he warned us
we will be judged by our
deeds and not by our race."
5 Dr. Shawarbi said he and
Malcolm met several times
during the six weeks preced-
ing Malcolm's trip to Mecca.Malcolm is in Africa now, ex-
lpected to return to this coun-
try Wednesday.
ings I could not help. but be
impreased by his desire to
learn about Islam. Sometimes
sag e Holy Koran were r. Shawartai said."I have no doubt of his sin-
cerity. During our many meet-
he would even cry while pas- Given Royal Treatiiseni T ' '
j After he was Piy convinced
that __Ma.ico1m was converted,
ur. shswa-bi urged him to
make the trip to MBCGI. While>there, Malcolm wrote um; he
.was the Ellest of Crown Prince
Faisal because of introduggng of Dr. Shawarhi. - .- '~ .
92 Malcolm was greeted by Lhg
Saudi Deputy cine! of Proto-
col and was given a oar and
driver guide to Eccompagy
lm durma his visit. . It was
an honor that in America
[would be bestowed upon a
King_not a Negro, Malcolm
Dr. Shawsrbi appeared con.
dent that Malcolm would
abandon liisratt-for Negroes
to arm themselves and form
rie clubs. He also predicted
Malcolm's political organi-
ration will grow_- because
whites may join. - -
Setting a Good Example ._
If he admits all people to
_is political movement-irm-.
spective of color or religion
_-and he goes about things
quietly and Islamlcally, I arr;
sure it will be a very big
movement. l
"In this way he will be serv-.1
l his whole country, his
w_n group and his new re-
gion and setting a good ex.1'l1Ple of a true tori
e American people.
The interview ended when
roel-ier James 67X, in aide
f Malcolm's came in to leave»
shes! of press releases thatl
ciuded a..nacan.t.-letter from
alcolm sen?'f1-om Lagos, Ni-;2111, . _
In this latest letter, Mal-
olm s.a_id he 2 92.va..I'n92_ly reeived in Africa as soon as!
ey learn that I am Malcolm}
of the militant American"
uslims. Africans in general,
nd Muslims in particular,
OVEQcolrrfs headquarters on the- .._... _ ,Long-lost Brothers". IThe letter-said-*Ma1colm|'1... ...-I nip nilm-ivqaog 92_a_rg1_1_1:j| I-IIIPCII lll rlla-Ill B
"o£ficiall3 link his 0'-'S!1i1I'
tion with '"zso,oo0.000 MW, llirns of the World oi Islam. ;
He said in An-lea. Ameri-
can Negroes are considered to
be long-lost brothers of
Attica." The letter ended: l
Despite western PI"0PI'y
ganda to the contrary. WI
African Brothers and Sisierlove you. and are hat-'9? '10
S
llearn that -we also _I'B
awakening from our long
sleep and are develpil 3
strong love for them."
Mailing Room i
A few miles away is Mal-l
second oor of the Theresa?
Hotel at 1251;» s_t. and no ave-
Right now it 18 little more
than a mailing roon-|_. Boxes
*0! prerrgs reiefies lme tit:"mil. n 3 _a__g gyg g _g_
{saws Arabian Englill newspapers and information bro-
chum' th 11 11 M n <11 Across e a , u amm E
Ali, who is world l1e_aV3'W6i$1ltboxing champion, is C355ll.1SiClay, is plfanningcto sethis own o fice. say W0" lInot say what effect Malcolm's
ibreakaway from the BlacklMuslims would have on the
pmovement. g A . __| Anybody can go to Mec§:a.;'"he said. We may ave os
one star but we'll get another
ve timesuas bI'i%1'lt.t92/iilCO1lli_he's sti my ro er-was:just nationally known. I'm fa-1*
mous all over the_world, Claysaid. - ' ' l
| Mo civil rights observersi
"here e adopting ea wait and;see Lttitude. Some predict!
that lay may try to assume}
Malcolm: oid position in the:
Black Muslims. Others feel;
that Malcolm will be just as,
militant when _he returns this]
week. --...__,, _ i
I ,_Tolson '
Belmont i.-
Mohr _.....i..._
Casper i.._.__
Collohcm .i_
Conrad _._.._..._._.._
DeLo=Jch _.i_.
Evans -
Gale mi-
Rosen -
Sullivan
Tuvel -i-_-
Trotter
Tele Room .-
Holmes M.
Gcmdy __.__
The Woahlnqton Post and Z_._
Timon Harold
The
TheWashington Dotty News _.-_
Evonlnq Star
York Harold Tribunl _Z_.
York
York
York
York
The New York Time! ii
The Worker
The New Loader _i...._-or Journal-American _.-
Iva Mirror
Daily News _____
Poston
New
The Wail Street Journal ii-
The Notional Observer _......__-r
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LIEVES MELQQLH.-LLNEH YO K--CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER JAMES FARMER SAID TODAY HE BEDER HAS BEEN CONVERTED FROM LCOLM K THE FORMER BLACK MUSLIM LEA .BLACK NATIONALISM TO INTEGRATION DURING HIS VISIT TO MECCAFARMER NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF THE CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITYSAID DASED HIS BELIEF ON RD HE RECEIVED FROMMALCOLM K, WHO IS EEPEC T S COUNTRY FRIDAY OR
snrunnav.ACCORDING TO rnnnzn THE cann snlnz I
nnxxn. 'cns:r1ncs rnon =-1'vz JUST vxsxrrn THE HOLY cxtv or nzccn wuss: I'VE sssu .THOUSANDS or tuousnnns or PILCRIMS or ALL conoas wonsnxvznc roczrnzaPEACE nun BROTHERHOOD. 11 IS A sxcur sucu AS 1'v£ uzvznIN PERFECTN IN AMERICA IT HAS WONDERFUL TO BEHOLD."' IZED THE ' SEE .MALCOLM I BROKE FROM THE BLACK MUSLIMS AND ORGANBLACK NATIONALISTS. BOTH ORGANIZATIONS BELIEVE IN BLACK SUPERIORITY
AND REJECT THE INTEGRATION MOVEMEN'[_.____ ___ __ _IT IS DIFFICULT TO JUDGE FROM JUST ONE PU§lCF92§E£ J i
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Arrest
Mulcolni X
Ordered
new YORK, May an lUl'llA
traffic court judge yesterday or-
dered the arrest of black na-
tionalist Malcolm X when he
failed to appear for trial on a
speeding violation. - _
Judge Kenneth Phipps signed
the arrest order for the defend-
ant after waiting more than two
hours for him to appear. Mal-
colm X, who recently formed his
own group following a rift with
the BIack'Mua1.im movemll.
had been given a ticket March 6
on a charge of speeding on the
Triboro Bridge.
The black nationalist left New
York last month on a'pi1grim-
age to Mecca. His wife said to-
day that she expected his return
In two or three dayl. -
The defendant, charged with
doing 50 miles per hour, 10
miles over the bridge speed
limit, had pleapd Innocent ma
no trill was_eet for today in
A court clerk intoned the
"Malcolm X. Little" fourin
1-. __
23 t '"' """V
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Tele Room __+
Holmes ___i_____
Gandy .
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The Washlnqton Poet and i-
Tlmes Herald
The Washington Dally News ll
The Evening Star a
New York Herald Tribune _....___.,.__i
New York Journal-American i__
New York Mirror _..__._.____..i
New York Dally News
New York Post ..___i._._..._.i
The New York Times ______,___,____
The Worker oi
The New Leader L
The Wall Street Journal _o
The National Observer ____.._...i_
People's World
Date
57¢,
' ., s-21-an - -I 92
/ i - Maicoli .
EDITORIAL
Since his break with the Black Muslim movement,
hlzilcolm X has continued to focus his fiery speeches on
the need for more militancy in the black liberation strug-
gle. The change in his remarks, if any, has been to em-
phasize still more the anti-government--the revolution-
ary-- aspect of his position, and to begin to talk in terms
more than religious, drive for black power.
of the key ingredients in l'.ia.lcolm's call for an
of black nationalism is the inei itable triumph of
the Negro masses. He effectively derides the eternal-
rule attitude of the white ruling class and the iataiisrn oi
m3,1y Negro leaders who accept the white man's notion of
the white ma:is majority forever overwhelming the black
minority.
Malcolm links the U.S. 192'egr: to the growing world
movement of colored peoples against U.S. colonialism.
I-Rye says, In fact, in most of the thirikin and Plamling °§. _ whites in the West today, it's easy to see the fear intheir_ C ' cc'.nscious minds and subconsciousminds, that the mas-
92 1. 5 Q
. ! /3"; I -}" , _/ //Z5"!/"ii/i"" ';?»1~i+-~_--W.»---~~--- ,bility." .
--.-.__.A
Z:.".j_ 1.';lcolm's call for self-defense is
glrogrmn, and it is not so new. Robert
lished a rifle club and st .1-defense te
H1 . J}. f!. -' I 0-.L, /w ¢~---.,
Despite all the sensationalism and one-sided repor_r;-
N.C_, quietly and successfully defending the Negro com-
" miinity there against Ku Klux Klan attacks _ until the com-
bined assault from southern racists and the FBI succeed-
ed in driving Williams to 611.19 in Cuba!.Tolson
92
lack Ne-.t'
comuem
ses of dark people in the East, who already outnumber
them, will continue to increase and multip1Y and g1°_ ' m
til they eventually over-run the people of the West like I.
human sea, a human tide, a human ft_o0d_. . . . You think
you outnumber the raci:.1 minority in this country; you
don't outnumber us :11 over the E9-rill."
The commercial white press singled out Malcolm's
remarks on armed sell-defense for special coverage.
When Malcolm calls for black rifle clubs, the press howls
with hysterical headlines designed to fan the flames of
hatred or "rednecks," north and south, and to te r rity
southern "moderates" and northern liberals.
In an effort to frighten Negroes away from Malcolm's
call for a Black Nationalist Party, the press warns dema-
gogically that "only violence will result" from Malcolm:
militancy as if everything has been nice and peaceful for
the past hundred yearst!. The white ruling circles have
let their press run wild with plea after plea from "estab-
lished" Negro leaders for92"1iuu-viO18nCe" and "1'9$P°l'-$1
so-I'll: -
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- is-.~.-.,'::iiy social philosophy is black nationalism._ _ - to die
this means that the political philosr l v of black national-
ism is that which is designed to ent :age our people,
the black people, to gain complete control over the poli-
tics and politicians of our own community . . . .We should
gain complete economic control over the economy of our
conimunity, tho businesses and other things that create
enzployment, so that we can provide employment for our
own people, instead of having to picket and boycott and
beg other people for a job."
These words, while militant, nonetheless raise as
many questions as they answer: Who does Malcom mean
when he says "We should gain complete economic con-
trol?" And what l-tind of economic system does Malcolm
propose to control? Would he simply substitute black
bosses for white--or does he propose that power be put
in the hands of black workers? Or doesn't he distinguish
between black workers and black bosses? in his criti-
cisms of those who "picket and boycott and beg. . . for a
job," does Malcolm reject pickets and boycotts as tac-
tics? In the months ahead, he will have to answer these
questions, among others, if he is to win active mass
support.
But M.1lcol:n's grasp of the role of the federal govern-
ment stands in sharp contrast to other Negro leaderswho
still preach reliance on the "cracker" in Washington, and
the hope that somehow the federal government will be
pushed into making important concessions. Malcolm's
call for black political power, although vague, is in con-
trast to those integrationists who see ending oppression
within the confines of the white man's capitalist economy.
- 1 However, Malcolm is not the only black leader to put
forward this new attitude in recent months. Many Negro
I . .
lreaders are coming to grips with the failure of the inte-
vration movement to win anything from the federal gov-Pirrurient except platitudes and jail sentences. Many are.
coming to see that the so- called civil rights bill, bogged
down in a filibuster, is actually a giant fraud, bothin what
it says or doesn't say! and in the. way it's being used as
a political football.
__ This new 3.ppIOElCh is reflected by the forces around
Gloria Richardson in Cambridge, Md., Stanley Branche
and the Freedom Now Committee in Chester, Pa., Law-
rence Landry in Chicago, the "ad hookers" in San Fran-
cisco see last month's PL!, and the Brooklyn CORE reb-
els and Rev. Milton Cclamison in New York, _W'nile these
forces are not all the same and the leaders are not all
of equal ability or consistency, they share many of
the above-mentioned attitudes, as does Malcolm X.
The unification of {ll such forces aroundaclear pro-
Qr:-.:":i would be a big blow against the ruling class, and an
1_:1;1t to the entire black freedom movement. The recent
fr. _;.on in Washington of an organization called ACT,
".2--er the chairmanship of Landry and with the participa-
tion of most of the above-mentioned forces as well as
s-irne Sb-CC leaders, could be a big step in the direction
oi that unity,. -In this regard, nialcolm X's position is not clear. Hon
for example, will he reconcile the desire and ability of th-
Negro masses to "ct 3191 with his perspectives for self-
determination? he reconcile his opposition to integr:
tion with his verbal support for militant integrationists
and his participation in ACT?
I»/ialcolms statement that he will be the black m&nS
Billy Graham seems to put him at odds with some form c
mass action to secure the black revolution of which he
sp ealts. Surely Malcolm himself doesn't believe indepen-
dent black power, political or economic, can be preached
in,':o being.
At this point, Malcolm's main pitch is towards the bal
lot. He says the only way to avoid a violent rev_o1ution is
by the ballot: "Why is America in a position to bringabot
a bloodless revolution? Because the Negro in this countr;
holds the balance of power and the Negro . . . were give:
what the Constitution says he's supposed to have, the add-
ed power of the Negro in this country would sweep all the
racists and segregationists out of office. . . . It would wipePut the southern segregationists that now control Amer-C
ca's foreign policy as well as America's domestic policE. . . The black man has to be given full use of the ballot
in every one of the 50 states. But if the black man doesn-
get the ballot, then you are going to be faced with anothe
"'an who forgets the ballot and starts using the bullet. IT! Perhaps it is the smell of the ballot that has brougil
Adam Clayton Powell to the edges of Malcolm's activitié
Or perhaps it is Powell's assignment from the p ower
structure to use his demagogy to guarantee that the na-
tionalist movement becomes nothing more than an appen-
dage to the electoral system.!
In the final analysis, Malcolm's policies will be test-
ed by deeds and by the ability of black nationalism to at-
t:;act large numbers of Negro workers, a. feat so far un-
atrhieved by the integration movement, or by existing na-
tiimalist groups.
- To accomplish this, Malcolm will have to develop and
explain his identification with the world-wide anti-imper
ialist front, a large part of which has transcended nation
alism and adopted internationalism and the class outlook
that goes with it. Moreover, he, together with others, will
have to demonstrate the concrete advantages of black na-
liqalism 9-! home and Hsanize masses of blacl-t worlte-s
to ight the white rulers this implies a certain amount f
dif erentiation between white rulers and white masses!
th _, only kind of fight which will lead to freedom.
The New York Times iii
The Worker ___._-........_._......._.i_
The New Leader ___._._.ii.
The wall Street Journal ____._..._.._
The Notional Observer _ ._Z-
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MALC
CHIC --FORMER BLACK MUSLIM LEADER MALCOLM
HAVE REACHED A POINT OF NO RETURN IN RELATION
"IT'S ONLY A MIRACLE THAT THERE HAS NOT BEEN UX SAID
S WITH
IDESPRE
VIOLENCE '
MALCOLM X TOLD A NEWS CONFERENCE THAT NEGROES WILL TURN TO VIOLENCE
WHEN A POINT OF NO RETURN IS REACHED. HE SAID THEY HAVE ALREADYTODAY NEGROES
UHITES AND
AD RACIAL
azncuzn rant POINT.
-wn11: PEOPLE ARE azxuc nrcnrv
L not assent TO VIOLENCE," as s ~11-s ONLY A MIRACLE run?
zspnznn vronzwcz was not BROKEN our."
as sazn non: nnmnxcnn uscnozs wouzn nova TO AFRICA IF rnzv xnzw want
nxrzons urn: LIKE on THAT conrrusur. at snrn HE was UARKLY nzczxvzn
A rxvr-wzzx rcun or cnnnn nxcznxn nun oruzn AFRICAN narrows.IF rnznz van: A LARGER nnszn or AMERICAN wzcnozs wno nan run
connzcr PICTURE or nraxca THERE wouLn as unuv non: GOING BACK, HE ..snxn. IF rnzv saw THE INTEREST BY AMERICAN unxrzs IN AFRICA, ruzv
WOULD want TO co anon."
MALCOLM x ouo1rn szn. PAUL DOUGLAS D-ILL. as savxuc AFRICANS wan: not INTERESTED IN THE STRUGGLES 6? AMERICAN nzcnczs.E IF THEY THINK BLACK PEOPLE
THE SENATOR HAS BEEN VERY MUCH MISINEORNED, VERY MUCH MISTAKEN
ON THIS PARTICULAR POINT, HE SAID-
5/22--N628PED
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Mr. Belmont.
Mr. Mohr.._.._
Mr. Ca."-]:vrr..i_.
t 11¢. c¢.'.:.~.t.-.=._e.
Ma-lcolmp X Suggests
By Ronald G. Berquisl
,who
self a minister of Islam, of-
fered Saturday night a new se-
ries of solutions for racial
problems in the United States.
During a debate in the Op-
era House with Negro author
Louis Lomax, Malcolm had
these suggestions:
| Problems of racial tension
in the country should be
taken before the United Na-
tions. __ '
2 American Negroes should
consider Pan-Africanism
and strengthen their cultural
and philosophical ties with the
African continent.
3 The American Negro should
be prepared to abandon the
leaking boat" of his current
state.
A Separate State?
Whether this last item means
a separate state for the Negro
as Malcolm X once advocated
while still with the Black Mus-
lims Elijah Muhammad was
unexplained
However, earlier in the de-
bate, moderated by Sun-Times
columnist Irv Kupcinet, he dis-
avowed any such thing.
Putting it in n still vaguer
reference, he said:
"We do not want integration
nor do we want separation.
The program should be de-
signed to preserve our human
rights." -
- Pm Not A Racist
Before leaving Elijah Mo-
hammad, Malcolm X sided with
his superiorfs racist view. -
.,Mn¥i.ng.in the diaact-ion-ofmoderation, Malcolnrtx t;:ld Haunt Clipping in Bel ! 7 N /Speech ow i Hffv 3;
' ' - >4 ' t-92 -. '-" -" '-.- . .t ' r-r -_'.-.1: 1'? 8" '=ti'_Z? .!"' - _3f*""%""-'5/" -1
s.
some 2,000 persons at the de-
bate: '
I no longer subscribe to
sweeping indictments of one
race. I'm not a racist and l do
not subscribe to the tenets of
racism." -
An International View
' He said that the problem of
the American Negro should be
taken out of the realm of civil
rights and placed in the inter-
national sphere. ' f
By that be meant associating
the aspirations of the Ameri-
can Negro with other minority
groups of the world._ eL"groProbiern To The UN ,
national boundaries," belsad."In the context of the wo lit,
we are in the majority aitd
not in the minority."
No Clear-Cut Way'
Malcolm X appeared to of-
fer no clear-cut means by
Our people look beyondMr, C-:t1i':92'i. .. .._
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CHICAGO , ILLINOIS
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°"i=on"a-swan FINALAuthor:
c___1=nNAr.n c. =-ER"-U1::t}'_='JOIl ct. Taeznvltm
C3
MALCOLM X.
== 100-33 593
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NOT RECORDED i "2
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__...iaD%ing debate at Oeere House, Malcolm X left! speaks ls Louis Lomax right! listens-
M erating the expression of views is Sun-Times columnist Irv Kupcinet center!. Sun-Times
Ph 0! '
., !_ ___j__A 1, .
which the American Negro
can assert and preserve his
human rights.
i Nor did Lomax, I rmer
professor of philosop y at
Georgia State Uni/ersit' and
the author of books on acialproblems, have anything more
concrete in this resp'cct. '
From that point-oi-ew, the
debate was a draw.
Bound Together'-Lomu-
. Lomax, however, made these
points:
The American Negro and
the white man are bound to-gfher in the American elf -Iimnce. Separanon would io-éioyi each. here is ao'o er
alihmative for any of us but tolive together. _
However, the white man in
America has done wrong for
so long, he now believes it is
right to do wrong. Efliut I'm not going to _'i ra 1 from the white man. . .n going to engage _a QI going to win." I . '_~,_..i-
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B Pilicrir TO iii»NEGROES: mm.
-MALCOLM X;
Malcolm X, former No. 2*
Black Muslim leader, proposed
here iasi night that the Amer-
ican Negro piace his plight be-
fore the United Nations. He
made his proposal in a. debate
with_ Louis E. Lomax, former
assktant professor of philoso-
phyif at Georgia Stale univer-sity,l in the Civic Opera ho 2. Malcolm X, who was expeilldfrom the Black Muslim t
for extremist statements, re-
rcentiy returned from s five-.
week visit to Africa and the
middle east. He said he had
been assured that African new
tions that are members of the 9292
U. N. would support the Amer- I
ican Neeroes cause.
alcoim urged action this
ye to avoid what_he sa'_
tan Viet Nam.wo d become guerrilla w =-
far similar to that in La I
'4g3¥'b conoin
as JUN '8 1954_ ,~ .V 92._92_
192 /Pt. 5" "-i ' ' - .-_.__.__
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By CLARENCE HUNTER
Staratattwrttu "
X sat in a Harlem
and spooned up a
as he talked about
dying, guerrilla
ii:Viili.iti6 and his new
organizatlon. ,
I Malcolm, the former chief
for Elijah Muham-
head of the Black Mus-
a black supremacist sect,
he has discarded the un-
hate white" philosophy
81'0"?-
; His conversation, however,
indicated that be still regards
the wte man as the Negroes
No. 1 enemy and that his future
course will he to fight that
enemy with every ounce of his
energy.
I reserve the right to do
whatever, wherever, whenever
and however is necessary to get
results," he said. He was not
No "metamorphosis" resulted
from his pilgrimage to Mecca,
gro's condition and thinks only
a revolution will correct it.
Freedom for Negroes
; '1ake a duck, for example,"
h alcolm said. "Ducks can't lay
cl cken eggs unless a revolu-
nary change rnaltes it possible
a political system which is not
capable of producing freedom
for Negroes because it was
founded to produce freedom tor
whites, then you must change
it and you dont change it by
getting on your knees and sing-
mg "We Shall Overcome" for
100_yenrs:"_
H18 pohhcal group, separate
f m his exclusively-hlack_ Mus-h£ Mosque, Inc., so that it canat act other lll2C§ peoples 5wi as American egroes. 'nrlu advocate, nor will it initiate
violence, Malcolm promised. l
The last thing the Negro
wmts to do Q violmce, but he,
must protect himself, Malcolmat-. " ° ¬h§ ?.ir om, you have to a
dying a little, too. Reciprocal
dying, _I mean. _When a blackman dies, a white man should
die. Suffering is all right and
non-violence ls all right, too,as long as they are recigrocal.
lIlSlSl.6d that egroesC . .gllgygigilante commit- allhemselvé.
"people'II!hrwing much fore-Malcolm said. He remains in-.
amed over the American Ne-
for them to do it. When you haveL..-a-I-'f"'§
sight if they don't see guerrilla
warfare as the next step in the|
civu rights struggle. There are
evidences oi this in Cambridge,
Md., "where Negroes shot a
Negro National Guardsman,"Malcolm said. "
As a Black Muslim, Malco
was toNv1ewa'Iall whias e . ow ter a 12-
dsy visit to the world ol
hr" tr or *1: =l.;="" -'"==" ac an w 'tes" cIsoive their problem amiahly if
gay bappi-oaioéhemdmtgli spirit ro er an erance
between peoples of all colon
land national origins."l As 1 result of um tempering,
oi devils, but in
on:
"anyone . . . mind you, I qnl
saying anyone . . . who overtly,mtenttonally, and knowingly d >-
r1_ e any Piirrzteee :5: "":.l:l
who does um is a devil. And,lit dhe consciously, knowingly
an intentionally deprives the
Il1l.l;1e0fh1nEllOWlEd§Q thlfig willl ena ' to correct con-
ditionkhe is a double devil. Andthi1sherlex1'I1r has to go."o-American Freedom
Fighters, Malcolm's new politi-
ssen coarser ill v c w c ex-
terminate the devil that
ha"..nts him it also is the or-1Devil and Double Devil '4=4<=<>LM X3?-A'<§5; -i T >
,,1<,'Guerri||a Warfare Ne ...
llnk the American Negro's cause
with the independence drives of
African nations. -
Take Fight Before U. N. -
You have never heard of a
Negro organization with ha
word fighter in it. have yo '2"Malcolm asked. The first Elhm
oftheAAFFwi1lbetolay_e
groundwork to get the Ameri
Negro: case before the United
Nations to make it an inter-
national issue. I want to take
the whole Negro struggle to the
Human Rights Commission of
the U. N. and charge the United
Stats with the same thing as
South Atrica and Portugal are
charged with there." -. -
Forces like the Algerian Free-
dom Fighters and the Mau Man
were people trying to throw off
the yoke of colonialism . . . and
this is the task facing theAmirican Negro," Malcos
alcolm, who became a Bla
See MALCOLM X. Page ALB
.1
0
6*
tit ' »"3?Zii1=-E0
uor RECORDED I46 JUN 19 1954
_**Tolson
Belmont
Mohr
CasperColluhon
Conrad
Del_.occh
Evans
Gale
Rosen
Sullivan
Tavel
Trotter
Tele Room _._?..
Holmes
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/MALCOLM x _ -- .-
J
I=1f Negroes Urged to
B As p'Freedom Figii
" Continued From Page A-1
Muslim while he was in prison
in 1948. said he has no idea
how many followers he will at-
tract to his mosque or FreedomFighter orqnanlzation, both head-quartered Harlem;
Having just returned from Al-
giers, he said he must work to
create an organization that will
follow the tenets of Islam in
the beat way we can in a
Western and highly mechanized
society." " .
Sees Mosque Prosper-lag
Malcolm is condent his
osque will prosper. He will
a act converts as well as de-
fectors from the Black Muslims,
he predicted. -
l Many are leaving the BlackI-ll lllltl Ill: I-Ill-I a-ia92nI~|,92e92-ea
By 1962 now, I don't want
to sound like I'm bragging . .
no one could count the number
of his followers."
Claiming theres no way at
telling how many followers he
has now Malcolm said I've
gotten calls for help in organiz
mg Muslims in other cities-
Philadelphla, Washington Bos-
ton and Loa Angeles.
He and he wasn't Worried
about fmancial support. We
are scratching is the way he
descnbed his money situation
"I don't have any expenai e
habits I never have met a ti-ue
revolutionary who worried about
money
Muslim movet, especially
the militant and young onesiwho have ofone out because ofthe lack activity," Malcolm
said 'v'r'hen I entered the hia-
ol Islam in 1952 in Detroit,'5 were not over 400 active
i
PThe desire and willingness to
cooperate with other civil ri ts
organizations, Malcolm sal is
the mayor difference between his
present group and bis Black
iviusnni aitilianon
In the Black Muslims I
belonged to an organization
which stressed moral reforma-tion but nevern took part in
- r eNegro rev t," erec .
Now in our Muslim Mosque, wewill keep religion in the DIOSTJEbecause we don't want to invo ve
it directly in the struggle.
Through our Freedom Fighters,
we will work with any organiza-tion in any way desirable to at-
ii ck the political, economic or
lgbcial evils um aiiect _Negroea."
H Pan African Movement
The traditional right! groupssuch as the NAACP. Urban 1&-igue, Southern Christian Lea
' d BE shun lslu Conference an C0 -nod Malcolm X when he WI! I
Black Muslim. He expects themtochangeth.tspostnrenow.This
isenereesmheeiwertn_a_.rd
to create e atron%'Pan Africanmovement. No egro leaderA .92 .
Serve
Ite rs
could afford to mm-a such algi-_'n$, he aualll
The Freedom Fighters, Mal-colm enghasized, won't en-courage e physical return of
Negroes to Africa.We will work for a psychologi-
cal, cultural and socl migra-
tion to Africa," he said. "The
Jews in America have benefited
Ii-om such a migration to Israe I,
which automatically enchanc '
their prestige right hero
America. If the Negro in this
country wa to meme iti'v'olvedin a similar waiy, the common
bond that woul exist between.
the African and us would auto-
matically put us in a stronger
political, economic and social
position in this country,"
As Malcolm talked and an-
swered questions for about two
hours in the 22 Restaurant on
135th street between Fifth and
Leno: avenues, about 10 men,
apparently his followers, en-
ceren and sat in various
HE BT89!-e_d each as brotlier"
with a_ami1e, a quick handshake
or a slight nod of his head. Mal-colm smrted a closely cropzdolitics, the ci rights strugglelbeard grew while ti-aveE th ol h alled abroad. .
Wily He Left Black Muslims
$1-hzmdid he leave the BisM F
r Carefully avoiding any de-
i-ogatory remarks about Mr.
Muhammad, Malcolm explained
that he was "forced out" of the
group by a combination of thinthat included his personal dig
iliusionment with the 'en1orce-
menAt!oi1°nl-1: sect? tngoral cod : ll u
,Black _ Muslims representedhlIl0I'I.i reformation, I represented
them. When I saw ditferentlyl
tans}-1"" Wiuqw vHlliuslims ion»-m5 Mr. Muham- -.--I 1-". am Innti.
. _92
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l _ as e s a.I. -, _|r - 92
leit them, said Mal;celel:ra_t:d mthcolfnbidthdrry,The fact that he had been told{mt the Black Muslim natilq: was not teaching orthodox 3lam, and that fwe hag sti-aye -00 per 'cen rom t e a whetted _Malcolms appetiieuidiunderstanding Islam as ti
really was," Malcolm said.
Quest ol Prince Faisal
e contacted Mahmoud
set Shawarbi, deputy director
oi the Islamic Center of New
York and director of the Islamic
Federation of the United Stats
and Canada.
Mr. Shawarbi, he said, openedhis eyes to brotherhood andin-ance between persons of -
lerent races. He gave him a l[er of introduction which openvlhmany doors for him during
pilgrimage, Malcolm said. _
While in Jedda, Saudi Arabia,
Malcolm said, he was a state
guest of Prince Faisal. who sup-
plied him with _transportationand g religious guide. He Visited
Mecca and Medina at will,wearing the native clothing and
performing all the requirements
of the !£llB19n-
On the way home, Malcolm
visited Beirut. Cairo. Niaeria
and Ghana. His speeches, ea-
eesially in Glmna mil Nigeria,littacked America: racial .le said he sought the ald ofgfricans to get America's.al problems before the Umtdd
stations. _ 1
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fxmed with two rifles, sE.x' Informed sou:-;i.§ said [He:!ouowers of Malcolm X drove real reason for the suspension
up to the 1Ia.r1e::1 Mosque of was a per-s;,:'=e.I feud between-
Lhe rival Black Muslims lastwhe two leaders. .
S. - _ _ __ ._ .tsibout 35 Black Muslims m¢_:lqa,j§"ub¬c.?;i' Lgigfi Y5?-.acer"I the gunmen, but p0-_ .@9,-;;nr.,, .0 u, Makolm from1;:='*r-d" ---<; .blocgslglei m me 1° -Pm" C" "1'|_1|@: hot:-c it had given him all
_ ,-o-.1 9.1n SL, East Elmhurst.Fhe six, arrested for vio-l-But Malcolm refused to mdvg,lating the weapons law, were! Ch __ - lldescribed as former Black! °es Thrmt I
Jiuslims who switched to thol *3 a he31'i"2 °l'92 the @Vi0l£iO1'l-Negru nationalist mo92.'eme;1;'[¢é1$e this week, Malcolmformed by Malcolm X 3ne:'cha1'ged the Black Muslims:
he lefl. the Muslim fold. ' 'e"e mt t° km him-
}-falcolm was leader of the 145': m3ht- 9°15" 5335- 53*
Harlem Mosque until Elijah °'§ 1$f°11°W=§§Iried1=> 2--oneI'392ILLhammad. narional head oi mm .hut recewed n° 1- 3~*92 '°1'j
the Black Muslims, suspenclcci Fearmg 5°m_ethi- K 530' hip-_
him last December for re- Ped I0 hum, they armed
marks he made about the E'.:'- f flemselves 92fv1th the rifles andsassination 0! President Z-Is: :';"'__'° 'e t° ms Qlie?-=5 1101-I50-Nnedy_ .-~_.. , ___ I ._-.nere, Malcolm assui =:1 them
"-_ ;he was in no trouble.
j The six then drove to Muslimlamsque No. 7--also called Mu-i
3..arr.rr:ad Temple or Islam_.11
L161:-. St. and Lenox Avg; A;
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nowlpclpor, city and ltutml
1
Data
Edition:
Author:
em»-. memes PE1=.RS
-rm-= muzom ITTLE
Character SM
or
Clulliftcution HI
Subailtlaq owe. NED
@ Balm: invosuqcn-ed I;
r @1512 /-4
N91 'wE ~ !RDED
191 JUL 9 1964
1-1-......__-._--p1 . O|u__-__
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r Conrad _. _
.115 6-1: 4y__
HEW YORK WORLD
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.mc._92que and its grcund-£1001 pence.
.'_c='LaL1rant. -
, atrolmen a'.".'L92 - . ,. D, .lI'i'l[lI'92'l-~92 l[ h Pzlpialm |CA . IThe I92.Iu:~!1m.~: amuvrl :.~.r92.'.1-11!
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and two
in a ractipar. H1? six men jumped ii1aeir auin and gnarwd to drivf
way. nI:'.P1 police cnn92'e:'ge;i
@.hc=- l:1".'ri"-192"i.-~crZ 92'-'ca.'m:*.r~=/m-. i.r.o .~-Q :.i92 and captured
Om. In aririixion lo the weap-
s 'i.z92:gc_ Ge0:'g:2 was '1;-00}-;e ;F=
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1-lass GamlyMus|im,' . Q95l :921l. S no. ,,..S
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< 92
' H tlndieute pqqa, name of
4iI|
By BRYCE B. MILLER.
- Until a few months ago
Malcolm X, known as the
angriest Black Muslim" of
them ail, went about the
country preaching the cult's
message of hate-all-whites"
and complete segregation-
of sseparate black state
somewhere in the UnitedStates. '
- For 12 years he was chiet
lieutenant for Elijah Mu-
hammad, leader of the cult.
and its chief spokesman. He
whipped audiences of Ne-
groes toa fever pitch against
"white devils" and the Chris-
tians he claimed gave him
his light coffee color by
raping his grandmother.
J
U
l
|
1I-I-_ T"I rejoice when a white
man dies," he would say, his
face contorted with hate. ,
Quotes Axiom
On President Kennedy:
assassination he described
himself as s farmboy "who
had alwa s believed in chick-Y
ens corn-ing home to roost."
It was shortly alter that
statement that Malcolm X
was expelled from the Mus-
lims, although he claims the
real reason was a "moral
crisis that he could not live
with.
But what has gone gen-
erally unnoticed ls that this
forceful andeloquent man
has done a complete about-
face on the question of sepa-
r.ation_of the races and is
now_preaching to his fellow
Negroes a message of
"brotherhood" with the
whites.
It still is a militant and
even violent message. But
the hate-all-whites doctrine
that once marked his every
word is no longer there.
In an interview he ex-
plained why he has rejected
the teachings of Muha.mm.ad
and is now preaching co-
existence with whites to his
f -11--___Ftnltts About-Face
I have done a complete
about-face and I'm man
enough to admit it . . . even
if it makes me look ridicu-
lous in the eyes oi! the
world," Malcolm X said yes-
tel-day.
The only reason some
people might think my
about-face is ridiculous is
my inability to bring to the
eye of the public the main in-
gredientit is of such a na-
ture that it cant be brought
into public before it is
brought into court.
There was a moral crisis
involved. _
I lost my confi-
Muhammad as a
person, I began to re-ex.am-
ine his philosophy. perhaps
objectively for the rst time,
and his doctrinehis entire
organization and behavior
p When
dence in
___d 57¢.
I,
/fl»nevlipdper, city and stc:te.}
TELEGRAM ANDI _'i_ new roar: woman '
. '3 ;_.- . _ ,
..' :Q%*'R -. J, e _-_..... _
-5111,
Dune:7/3/61+
METRO
BRYCE B. MILLER
RICHARD D. PETERMALCOLMFLITTLEEdition:
Author:
Editor:
Title:
Charqct er: SM-
Clulllfication:
Submitting Office:
{Q 0- 3?? 35,/~4
1 ~" - J" ' 191 AUG e rel
92
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A
r NEW. YORK, July 4 UPI!--1 Police were keeping the homeé
3 of black} nationalist leader
§_I92'ialcolm'X under surveillance
' today after a reported attempt
on his life. - -
Malcolm X told police two
members of the Black Muslims
We-'l c ttack Mm n--- --
home in Queens last
Malcolm X had been the
New York leader of the Black
Muslim movement until his
split with Elijah Muhammad
several months ago.
There have been a number
of incidents between the two
groups in recent weeks that
have resulted in the arrestsof_d several persons, police
5al92.-lalcelm X said two men
"came out of nowhere when
he left his home last night.
to move his car. He said they:
tried to force their way into
the car. but he locked the
doors and
He said
the block
house, ran
rie.
3 "I have
;use without hesitation," he
said. But I would hate to
Y use them
brotllgg who are.-J.u.al_.d.|.ul>es
Tao! Elijah Muhammad." quickly drove off.
he drove aroundl
and back to the
in and grabbed 1.
weapons I would
against Muslim" d
Elijah Muhammad preaches»
separation of the races. Mal-
colm X, after a visit to the
Moslem hoiy city of Mecca,
made an about-{ace on the
racial issue and now preaches
that Negroes and whites
should cooperate. ¢I--0-l9 lev. 5-27-63! /I Tolson
elmont
pi ohr4 Casper
D Del_.oac / Callahan
Conrad
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92f-1:Ha-tgches hate . h . _ers something t at is unob-
tairiable. I believe the black
man needs something more.
I try to show my followers
how they can get something
more. 3
Rejects Separation
"We don't believe in any
of Muhammads philosophy
of separation. We believe the
Afro-American should have ,
his full part in the entire-
American experience," he
continued. _ .
Only a few months ago, on -
March 17, 1964, a young Neg-
'ro writer Irom South Africa,
Lewis N-kosi, wrote tot the
London Observer:
Malcolm X is the oni
black man in America who:
face I have watcher tu
radiant with hate against t
white people."
Malcolm X still hates. But
his hate has shifted from the
entire white race to the
"white racists."
He made it clear that his.
tollowers are being taught
only to hate "oppression, seg-
regation and injustice which
some white people practice."
Not All Ball _
We realize that all white
people are not bad," he said.
Elijah Muhammad taught
that the whole white race
was a race of devils. When I
went to the holy city of
Mecca earlier this year! I
Iound white men walking
arm and arm with black
men. I wrote back to that et-'
Iect and it infuriated Mu-
hammad. He was in a rage!.
When Malcolm X lett the
Black Muslims, many fol-'
In-wed-him into I-uh-a;Jaecal-ied-Hm Black I92-3.t.i.'m ' itlit
Movement. It weakened A u-
hammad's position and au-
thority. _
Last Sunday, while Eliilh
Muhammad was speaking in
Harlem. Malcolm X_ held an
organizational meeting of a
new group to be called U18
Organization of Atro-Arner-ican Unity-1dAnro_thg mgaeztirg will be he is un
announce the objectives oi
the organization. It is de:
sjgngd as a fgrass-roots
movement drawing its mem-
bership from all strata of
America's 22-million
Negroes. ~
A Replacement"
The OAAU will replace the
gBlack Nationalist Moviiment.
'Malco1m X has been tamed
its chairman.
-. When I formed the Bla J4
Nationalists, I said at th it
time we would encoura e
students across the count y
to undertake a new analy s
of the problem and come up
with a solution or organiza-
tional structure that woud
e ble us to work on t e
p 'oblern," Malcolm X said.1 .
."We formed a brain tru.
' intellectuals, celebritieslcontrol his own destiny, ei _ - 92-
. C
Tand stuc1entssat down for
-':tour weeks almost in secret
land discussed this thing. Allline ingredients ended up . . .
y forming the OAAU which
is political, economical and
social.
For the Afro-America tomust control the decisiklisthat affect his destlny."nl-L
Copy:-Flt. i964. B! United PInternational
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Mount Cllpplnlln Spruce Below! V *_ - '
451°-
arns Police Of TaEt'i'E§}
Says Harlem Negroes Are Armed
camo, Egypt NPI! - Black
nationalist leader Malcolm X de-
clared here last week that Ne-
_un921eq. in '92Y.- -- C7.-._1.I¢ unufnmin JimIV-IQ? Ill J.92¬W IUIILJ J7-ll.I.|.1¬Jl.l U-l$-
trlct are the best arrned Negroes
in the world, and warned that
there could be a racial explosion-
unlesa the poli¢e change their tac-
tics in dealing with them.
Malcolm X, attending the surn-
t conference of African lead-
rs here, advocated recently that
' egro-es, in the South in particu-
lar, arm themselves against lt-
tacks by racists.
i'.?ornmeni;.ing on news of the
Harlem riots, Malcolm X indirect-
ly blamed the scare tactics, used
by the police, on Commissioner
Michael Murphy. He said: -
"I am surprised that the trouble
has been contained to the degree
it has. Until two yea-1'5 ago, New
York City used wiser methodsracial problems. .
' "But under police Commissioner
Murphy, for some reason. tactics
have changed. Now it is a cue of
outright scare tactics. 'l'his_won't
work because the Negro la not
afraid. It the tactics are not
changed, this could escalate into
something very, very serious."
Alludlrlg to Negroes being a
ed, Malcolm X said:
There are probably more arm
Negroes in Harlem than in "
spot on earth. It the people who
are armed got involved in this,
you can bet ifnefli really have
something on their hands."
after drawing a 90-day suspen-
sion tor ridiculing the assasina-
tion of President John F. Kennedy,
Malcolm X left the Black Mue-
lim organization headed by "The
Honorable" Elijah Muhammad a
few months ago to found his own
tlr:rr"§n§' other city to deal with
I
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Date:
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Author:6- 1-61+
WEEKLY
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Title:
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FOR nE;3=:.3s_s_o;i 25031;; 51¢,
INS IDE LABOR
K1-_,._Malcolm X, Callinp, For Violence,I _ I V Meets-with Communists in Cairo
a,'--- 1".-
By Victor Riesel
Cairo, United Arab Republic: --Malcolm X, whom the Chinese Communists call the
"Chairman of the Afro-American Unity Organization," spent a considerable amount of '
his time in the presence of international Communist propagandists here. /!
Not only did he endorse the rioting back home, but he publicly called for
retaliation against the white community. He said the time had come to meet
"violence with violence; an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." 92/
He prepared s series of inflammatory anti-U.S. documents here on the gégext
presenting them to the recent meeting of the Organization of African Unity; and i
was reported across the world that he attended the conference. This is nonsense.did not get near the parley. He was not accredited to it. b1Q,
Streets were roped off. Hotels which the heads of states and foreign ministers
occupied were cleared of all but official guests. Only those with special blue calm
and lapel badges, which were changed daily, were able to get anywhere near the
e11
conference area, All but the short formal opening session were executive meetings.
I was at that session. I talked later with several heads of state--many of them
old friends whom I had helped in the U.S. when they were in e:d.le._ They are now
. - altamongst America s oest friends in Africa..
Malcolm X was not at any of the conference sessions. I was informed that Hi
"is ridiculous" and "undignified" to think for a moment that anyone such as I-Ialcolm 92
K would be heard by the African counterpart of the Organization of American States.
Malcolm X's activity here was strictly e propaganda operation which he set up
at the Hotel Semiramis, where some newsman gathered. He made certain the
violent anti-U.S. udialtribes were pint i__n she bf the Chinese CoJ-.1 -- ,- ' '1 -' -i_' -=' ?_ liti-correspondents p1anted"he're Jby the New China ed; A_gency.. - I " " _;
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__Victor Riesel Page 2 8/4/64
But when Malcolm Xiwanted to be with his pro-Commroist friends he came over to
the Hotel Omar Khaynml on Zamalik, an island in the middle of Cairo!, a former
palace. I vouch for this personally. I was there when he met Mrs. Shirley Graham
Duois, widow of the late Dr. W. E. nunqig, in the lobby. When the aged Dr. Iugig
died recently, he was a member of the Communist Party, U.S.A., and had switched his
citizenship to Ghana.
The Hotel Omar Khayam was also the headquarters of the violently anti-U.S.,
pro-Communist Ghanaian delegation to the African States conference. On Thursday,
July 16 Malcolm X and his frequent companion, Mrs. Duhois, met fo: hours in the
garden restaurant of the hotel.
Mrs. Duhois and her late husband, one of the most active of Negro Communist
leaders in the U.S., spent much time in Peking. They were frequent guests of Mao
Tse~tung himself. Dr. DuBois delivered many anti-U.S. speeches which were broadcast
across the world by the powerful Chinese mainland radio.
Mrs. DuBois has long been active in world Communist circles. Her background is
important here to show the strange inter-weaving of characters now attempting to
infiltrate and agitate the Negro communities of the U.S.
Mrs. Duhois knew the Castro brothers, Fidel and Raoul, in Mexico as fa
…[truncated]