Document text
Aug. 88
Operating Manual
H 52022-950J Vol. 1
10 kHz — 1.01 GHz
AM/EM SIGNAL GENERATOR
2022E
Part No. 52022-950J
(Part of Signal Generator Set 52022-599L)
© Marconi Instruments Lid. 1988
Printed in the UK
Manual part no. 46881-890E
Print code : A-9/88
CONTENTS
Page
Preface ili
Operating precautions iv
Chapter 1 GENERAL INFORMATION AND DATA 1-1
' Chapter 2 INSTALLATION 2-1
Chapter 3. OPERATION 3-1
Carrier frequency 3-4
RF level 3-5
Modulation 3-6
Second functions 3-10
GPIB functions 3-19
Chapter 4 BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 4-1
Index Vv
List of tables vi
List of figures vi
ASSOCIATED PUBLICATIONS
Part No.
Service Manual, H 52022-950J Vol. 2 46881-891U
Operating Summary card 46881-892Y
FIRMWARE STATUS
| The operating firmware for this instrument is contained in EPROMs fitted inside the
| unit. The firmware version number is shown in the instrument display during the |
| switch-on sequence.
This manual relates to instruments with firmware version no.
Aug. 88
PREFACE
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES
These terms have specific meanings in this manual:-
WARNINGS contain information to prevent personal injury.
CAUTIONS contain information to prevent damage to the equipment.
Notes contain important general information.
~ HAZARD SYMBOLS
The meaning of hazard symbols appearing on the equipment is as follows:-
Symbol Nature of hazard Reference in manual
A Dangerous voltages Page iv
Beryllia Page iv
A Static sensitive components Page iv
MANUAL AMENDMENT STATUS
Each page in this manual bears the date of its original issue or, if it has been
amended, the date and status number of the amendment. Any changes subsequent to the
latest amendment status are included on Manual Change sheets coded C1, C2 etc at front
of the manual.
Aug. 88 iii
OPERATING PRECAUTIONS
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 348 — ‘Safety
Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus’. To keep it in a safe condition and avoid risk of
injury, the precautions detailed in the WARNINGS below should be observed. To avoid damage to
the equipment the precautions detailed in the CAUTIONS should also be observed.
WARNING - ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
A AC supply voltage. This equipment conforms with IEC Safety Class 1, meaning that it is provided
with a protective earthing lead. To maintain this protection the mains supply lead must always be
connected to the source of supply via a socket with an earthing contact. Make sure that the earth
protection is not interrupted if the supply is connected through an extension lead or an autotransformer.
Before fitting a non-soldered plug to the mains lead cut off the tinned end of the wires, otherwise
cold flowing of the solder could cause intermittent contact.
Do not use the equipment if it is likely that its protection has been impaired as a result of damage.
Fuses. Note that there is a supply fuse in both the live and neutral wires of the supply lead. If only
one of these fuses should rupture, certain parts of the equipment could remain at supply potential.
Make sure that only fuses of the correct rating and type are used for replacement. Do not use
mended fuses or short-circuited fuse holders.
To provide protection against breakdown of the supply lead, its connectors (and filter if fitted), an
external supply fuse with a continuous rating not exceeding 6 A should be used in the live conductor (e.g.
fitted in the supply plug).
Removal of covers. Disconnect the supply before removing the covers so as to avoid the risk of
exposing high voltage parts. If any internal adjustment or servicing has to be carried out with the supply
on, it must only be performed by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.
Remember that capacitors inside the equipment, including any supply filter capacitors, may still be
charged after disconnection of the supply. Those connected to high voltage points should be discharged
before carrying out work inside the equipment.
WARNING - OTHER HAZARDS
Parts of this equipment are made from metal pressing, therefore it should be handled with due care
to avoid the risk of cuts or scratches.
Some of the components used in this equipment may include resins and other materials which give
off toxic fumes if incinerated. Take appropriate precautions, therefore, in the disposal of these items.
A Beryllia (beryllium oxide) is used in the construction of transistor TR20 in unit AB1/1. This
material, if incorrectly handled, could cause a danger to health — refer to the Service Manual for safe
handling and disposal precautions.
CAUTION -—- LCD HANDLING
When using this equipment take care not to depress the front or rear faces of the display module as
this may damage the liquid crystal display elements.
CAUTION — STATIC SENSITIVE COMPONENTS
A\ This equipment contains static sensitive components which may be damaged by handling ~ refer to
the Service Manual for handling precautions.
iv Aug. 88
Chapter 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
The 2022E Signal Generator is supplied as part of the 52022-599L Signal Generator
Set together with various accessories.
FEATURES
The 2022E is a light-weight synthesized signal generator having a frequency range
of 10 kHz to 1.01 GHz and providing comprehensive amplitude, frequency and phase
modulation facilities with an RF output level range of -127 dBm to +10 dBm. It is
designed to cover a wide range of RF applications in development, production and main-
tenance. Output frequency is phase locked to an internal or external frequency standard
and frequencies up to 100 MHz can be set to a resolution of 10 Hz, and above that to a
resolution of 100 Hz.
VEILS PORTA AAT MERTEN TRUE SARTRE ELEN NRT TEE EE RR EOE B INS
{/*MARCONIINSTRUMENTS — 10kHz-1-01GHz signal generator 2022E
CARRIER FREQUENCY , ‘
ShHr mY
ikHi— >
400H2 £7)
Fig. I-1 10 kHz to 1.01 GHz Signal Generator 2022E
Front panel operation is carried out by direct entry of required settings via the
keyboard. Microprocessor control ensures flexibility, simplicity of use and allows pro-
gramming by the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB).* This enables the instrument to
be used both as a manually operated bench mounted instrument or as part of a fully
automated test system.
*GPIB: — Marconi Instruments General Purpose Interface Bus in accordance with
IEEE Standard 488 — 1978 and IEC Publication 625-1.
Aug. 88 1-1
GENERAL INFORMATION
Output
Calibrated output levels from -127 dBm to +10 dBm are provided. A choice of ten
output level unit combinations can be obtained on the front panel. The RF output level
can be set to a resolution of 0.1 dB over the entire output voltage range. Protection
against the accidental application of up to 50 W of reverse power is provided by a fast
responding relay trip. Full protection is also provided when the instrument is switched
off.
An REF level offset capability allows the output level to be varied relative to the
indicated value to compensate for external cable losses or to ensure that all instruments in
a particular area give identical results.
Modulation
Amplitude, frequency and phase modulation can be provided from internal or
external sources. AM depth can be set in 0.5% steps up to 99.5%, FM deviation up to
999 kHz and phase modulation up to 9.99 radians. An auxiliary modulation input allows
dual modulation to be applied for receiver testing.
An internal modulation oscillator provides switch selected frequencies of 400 Hz,
1 kHz and 5 kHz.
Front panel
All data and units selected are visible on a single liquid crystal display. Data is
entered on a keyboard that has been designed to be simple and logical to use. Carrier
frequency, modulation and RF level functions may be incremented or decremented using
the t (UP) and | (DOWN) keys. Non-volatile store and recall facilities are also provided
using an electrically alterable read only memory that does not require a battery back-up
system. A front panel cover for protecting the instrument in transit is available as an
accessory.
Second function mode of operation
This enables a number of auxiliary functions such as setting the GPIB address,
selection of alternative RF level calibration units, access to various calibration routines
and an aid to diagnostic fault finding via the internal instrument bus.
PERFORMANCE DATA
Carrier frequency
Range: 10 KHz:to:- 1401 Elz:
Displayed resolution: 10 Hz up to 100 MHz.
100 Hz above 100 MHz.
1 kHz above 1000 MHz.
Selection: By keyboard entry.
Accuracy: Equal to the frequency standard accuracy — see
under Frequency standard.
Display: 7 digit LCD - see under Keyboard and displays.
1-2 Aug. 88
RF output
Output level range:
Selection:
Output impedance:
VSWR:
Reverse power protection:
Output level flatness:
Output level accuracy:
Displayed resolution:
Display:
Spurious signals
Harmonically related signals:
Sub-harmonics:
Non-harmonically related
signals :
Aug. 88
GENERAL INFORMATION
-127 dBm to +10 dBm. (0.1 pV to 447 mV PD).
(When AM is selected the maximum output
power reduces linearly with AM depth to
+4 dBm (224 mV PD) at maximum depth).
By keyboard entry - units may be pV, mV, EMF
or PD; or dB relative to 1 wV, 1 mV, EMF or
PD; or dBm.
Conversion between dB and voltage units may
be achieved by pressing the appropriate unit key
(dB or V, mV, pV).
50 Q, Type N female socket to MIL 39012/3D.
<1.5:1 for all output levels.
An electronic trip protects the generator output
against reverse power of up to 50 W from a
50 @ source and 25 W from a source with a
VSWR up to 5:1 from DC to 1.01 GHz. For
safety the output socket is automatically dis-—
connected from the attenuator when the AC
power is off. The trip may be reset from the
front panel (or via the GPIB).
Better than +1 dB from 10 kHz to 1.01 GHz for
all output levels.
+1 dB from 10 kHz to 1.01 GHz and levels
above -10 dBm.
+2 dB from 10 kHz to 1.01 GHz and levels
below -10 dBm.
0.1 dB or better.
4 digit LCD - see under Keyboard and displays.
Better than -25 dBc for all carrier
frequencies.
None for carrier frequencies below 500 MHz.
~25 dBc for carrier frequencies above 500 MHz.
At offsets of 3 kHz or greater from the
carrier:—
<-70 dBe for carrier frequencies of 62.5 MHz
and above.
<-60 dB for carrier frequencies below
62.5 MHz.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Residual FM:
(FM off)
RF leakage:
Frequency modulation
Range:
Displayed resolution:
Selection:
Deviation accuracy:
Frequency response:
Distortion:
1-4
<7 Hz RMS (10 Hz equivalent peak) deviation in
a 300 Hz to 3 kHz bandwidth at 499 MHz and
improving by nominally 6 dB per octave with
reducing carrier frequency down to 62.5 MHz.
<3.5 Hz RMS (5 Hz equivalent peak) below
62.5 MHz.
<0.5 uV PD generated in a 50 Q load by a
2 turn 25 mm loop, 25 mm or more from the
case of the generator with the output level set to
less than -10 dBm and the output terminated in
a 50 Q sealed load.
Peak deviation from 0 Hz to 999 kHz depending
on carrier frequency:
Frequency range |
10 kHz to 125 MHz
125 to 250 MHz
250 to 500 MHz 0 to 500 kHz
500 to 1010 MHz | 0 to 999 kHz
10 Hz for deviations up to 9.99 kHz.
100 Hz for deviations from 10 kHz to 99.9 kHz.
Available deviation
0 to 125 kHz
0 to 250 kHz
By keyboard entry. Internal modulation (see
Modulation Oscillator) or external modulation
input may be selected.
+5% of deviation +20 Hz at 1 kHz modulating
frequency excluding residual FM.
+1.5 dB from 50 Hz to 80 kHz relative to
1 kHz, using external modulation.
With ALC off the low frequency response is
extended to 10 Hz with a peak deviation value
limited to the lower of the value given in the
table above or [0.047 x Modulation Freq. (in
Hz) x {Carrier Freq. (in MHz) + 160 (if Carrier
Freq. is below 62.5 MHz)}] kHz.
With ALC off can also be used for 10 Hz square
wave switching with a peak deviation value
limited to the lower of the value given in the
table above or 0.6 times the value obtained by
the formula above.
<3% total harmonic distortion at 1 kHz modu-
lation frequency and maximum deviation for
any carrier above 250 kHz.
Aug. 88
External modulation accuracy:
Display:
Phase modulation
Range:
Displayed resolution:
Selection:
Deviation accuracy:
Frequency response:
Distortion:
External modulation accuracy:
Display:
Amplitude modulation
Range:
Resolution:
Selection:
Aug. 88
GENERAL INFORMATION
With modulation ALC on, the deviation is cali-
brated for input levels between 0.9 V and 1.1 V
RMS. A HI or LO message is indicated in the
modulation display if the level is outside the
range of the ALC. With modulation ALC off,
the deviation is calibrated for an input level of
1 V PD.
Input impedance is 100 kQ nominal.
3 digit LCD - see under Keyboard and display.
Peak deviation from 0 to 9.99 radians.
0.01 radian.
By keyboard entry. Internal modulation (see
Modulation Oscillator) or external modulation
may be selected.
+5% of deviation at 1 kHz modulating fre-
quency excluding residual phase modulation. »
+1 dB from 10 Hz to 10 kHz relative to 1 kHz
using external modulation input and ALC off.
+1 dB from 50 Hz to 10 kHz relative to 1 kHz
using external modulation input and ALC on.
<5% total harmonic distortion at 1 kHz modu-
lating frequency and maximum deviation at any
carrier frequency above 250 kHz.
With modulation ALC on the deviation is cali-
brated for input levels between 0.9 and 1.1 V
RMS. A HI or LO message is indicated in the
modulation display if the level is outside the
range of the ALC. With modulation ALC off
the deviation is calibrated for an input of
1 V PD.
Input impedance is 100 kQ nominal.
3 digit LCD - see under Keyboard and display.
0 to 99.5%.
0.5%.
By keyboard entry. Internal modulation (see
Modulation Oscillator) or external modulation
may be selected. |
GENERAL INFORMATION
Accuracy:
Frequency response:
Envelope distortion:
External modulation:
Display:
Modulation oscillator
Frequencies:
Accuracy:
Distortion:
Frequency standard
Auxiliary inputs and outputs
Internal standard:
Accuracy:
Temperature stability:
Warm up time:
Modulation input/output:
Internal modulation
oscillator output:
Better than +(4% of depth setting +1%) for
1 kHz modulating frequency and depths up to
80%.
+3 dB from 20 Hz to 50 kHz relative to 1 kHz
at 80% depth using external modulation input,
ALC on and DC coupled with ALC off.
<5% total harmonic distortion at 1 kHz modu-
lation frequency for depths up to 80%.
With the modulation ALC on the modulation
depth is calibrated for input levels between 0.9
and 1.1 V RMS. A HI or LO message is indi-
cated in the modulation display if the level is
outside the range of the ALC.
With the modulation ALC off the modulation
depth is calibrated for an input of 1 V PD.
Input impedance is nominally 100 kQ DC
coupled.
3 digit LCD - see under Keyboard and display.
400 Hz, 1 kHz and 5 kHz selected sequentially
by repetitive pressing of the INT MOD FREQ
key.
5%.
<1% total harmonic distortion.
10 MHz crystal oscillator.
Better than +0.01% at 20°C.
Better than 0.001%/°C over the temperature
range 0 to 50°C.
Within +0.01% of final frequency after
5 minutes from switch on at ambient 20°C.
A front panel BNC socket provides an output
from the modulation oscillator when internal
modulation is selected and becomes the external
modulation input when external modulation is
selected.
1 V +10% EME from a nominal 600 © source
impedance.
Aug. 88
Internal modulation
oscillator frequency:
Internal modulation
oscillator distortion:
External modulation input:
Auxiliary modulation input:
External frequency
standard input:
Alternative outputs:
Keyboard and display
Main and secondary
keyboard functions:
Display:
Carrier frequency:
Modulation:
RF level:
Modulation oscillator frequency:
Aug. 88
GENERAL INFORMATION
400 Hz, 1 kHz or 5 kHz (see Modulation
Oscillator).
Less than 1% total harmonic distortion.
Input level nominally 1 V into 100 kQ - see
under Frequency modulation and Amplitude
modulation.
Sensitivity nominally 20% of the modulation
depth/deviation set for a 1 V PD input.
Input impedance 600 Q nominal.
A rear panel BNC socket accepts a 10 MHz sig-
nal of at least 1 V (max. 2 V) RMS into a 100 Q
nominal impedance. A 5 MHz or 1 MHz signal
can be accepted by changing an internal link.
A blanked hole is provided so that the user can
fit the RF output socket to the rear panel for
system use etc.
These are described in Chap. 3, Operation. All
instrument settings are controlled by the front
panel keyboard.
Liquid crystal display provides simultaneous
readout of carrier frequency, modulation and
RF level.
7-digit with annunciators to show frequency
units, external frequency standard, GPIB service
requests, remote operation selection and instru—
ment addressed.
3-digit with annunciators to show modulation
units, AM, FM, ®M, modulation off and exter-
nal modulation selected.
4-digit with annunciators to show RF level
units, RF output off, reverse power trip
operated.
3 LEDs show the currently selected modulation
frequency.
GENERAL INFORMATION
GPIB interface:
Capabilities:
Conditions of storage and transport
Temperature:
Humidity:
Altitude:
Rated range of use:
(Temperature over which the
full specification is met)
Safety:
Radio frequency interference:
Power requirements
Voltage ranges:
A GPIB interface is fitted.
All functions except the SUPPLY ON switch are
remotely programmable.
Complies with the following subsets as defined
in IEEE 488 - 1978 and IEC Publication 625-1:
SH1, AH1, T6, TEO, L4, LEO, SR1, RL1, PPO,
DET, DIO; Co, Et.
—40°C to +70°C.
Up to 90% relative humidity.
Up to 2500 m (pressurized freight at 27 kPa
differential i.e 3.9 Ibf/in2).
0.055 °C:
Complies with IEC Publication 348.
Conforms to the requirements of EEC Direc-
tive 76/889 as to limits of RF interference.
94 to 121 V, 103 to 132 V, 188 to 242 V and
206 to 264 V.
Prequency: 4S to 440 Hz.
Consumption: 50 VA max.
Dimensions and Weight
Height: 152 mm (6 in)
Width: 256 mm (10 in)
Depth: 367 mm (14.5 in) (Excluding handle projection)
Weight: Jo ke (16:5: 1b)
1-8
Aug. 88
GENERAL INFORMATION
TPASO7&
All Diamensions in mm.
Fig. 1-2 Case dimensions (mm)
ACCESSORIES
Supplied accessories with 2022E -~ 52022-950J
Part no.
GPIB Module (fitted to rear panel) 54433-003N
AC supply lead 43129-003W
Operating Manual H 52022-950J (Vol. 1) 46881-890E
Operating summary card 46881-892Y
Front panel blanking kit 46883-654E
Additional accessories supplied as part of the 52022-599L Signal Generator Set
Part no.
Front panel protective cover 54124-023J
Coaxial adapter, type N to BNC 54311-092P
Impedance adapter 50/75 Q (25 Q series resistor) 54411-051X
RF coaxial cable (BNC) 43126-0128
Spare fuse kit 46884-243W
Optional accessories
Part no.
Service Manual H 52022-950J (Vol. 2) 46881-891U
Rack mounting kit single 46883-717K
Rack mounting kit double 46883-716B
The GPIB Manual H 54811-010P (Contains details of general
GPIB protocols) 46881-365R
Aug. 88 1-9
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-10
GPIB lead assembly
Screened GPIB lead assembly (for enhanced RFI performance)
GPIB IEEE/IEC connector adapter
RF coaxial cable (N to N type)
Attenuator 6 dB, 500 MHz, BNC connectors
Attenuator 20 dB, 20 W, 1 GHz
Atttenuator 20 dB, 1 GHz
Termination, 50 Q
Part no.
43129-189U
46883-962H
46883-408K
54311-095C
44425-002D
54431-021B
54431-011D
54422-011A
Aug. 88
Chapter 2
INSTALLATION
UNPACKING AND REPACKING
Retain the container, packing material and the packing instruction note (if included)
in case it is necessary to reship the instrument.
If the instrument is to be returned for servicing attach a label indicating the service
required, type or model number (on rear label), serial number and your return address
including name of contact. Pack the instrument in accordance with the general instruc-—
tions below or with the more detailed information in the packing instruction note.
(1) Place supply lead in a suitable plastic bag and tape it to the instrument’s rear
panel, between the rear feet. .
(2) Spread the inner “wrap-round” padded fitting flat and place the instrument
into this with the carrying handle folded underneath and the four feet positioned into
the four holes provided.
(3) Wrap the instrument with the packing all around and seal the two ends to-
gether with adhesive tape.
(4) Position the two end cushion protecting pieces at either end of the outer pack-
ing carton, then slide the instrument within its inner wrap round protection into the
outer packing carton. Close and seal the outer carton.
(5) Wrap the container in waterproof paper and secure with adhesive tape.
Mark the package FRAGILE to encourage careful handling.
Note ..
If the original container or materials are not available, use a strong double-
wall carton packed with a 7 to 10 cm layer of shock absorbing material around
all sides of the instrument to hold it firmly. Protect the front panel controls
with a plywood or cardboard load spreader with holes drilled to avoid the
projecting RF output, mod in-out sockets and the supply on-off switch; if the
rear panel has guard plates or other projections a rear load spreader is also
advisable.
CONNECTING TO SUPPLY
Excessive temperatures may affect the instrument’s performance; therefore com-
pletely remove the plastic cover, if one is supplied over the case, and avoid standing the
instrument on or close to other equipment that is hot. Before connecting the instrument
to the AC supply check the position of the two voltage selector switches on the rear panel.
A locking plate fixes both switches into one of four possible combinations and reveals
only the selected voltage range. The instrument is normally despatched with the switches
set to 230/240 V. To select a different voltage range remove the locking plate and re-
position the switches to the required range as shown in Fig. 2-1 and refit the locking
plate.
Aug. 88 2-1
INSTALLATION
Note ...
The AC supply fuse may also have to be changed. An indication of the
correct fuse rating is given with each displayed voltage range:-
i.e. 0.5 A-TT (time lag) for the 105 to 120 V ranges
0.25 A-TT (time lag) for the 210 to 240 V ranges
The fuses are 20 mm x 5 mm cartridge type.
The spare fuse kit 46884-243W supplied with the instrument contains 4 fuses
— 2 rated at 0.5 A and 2 rated at 0.25A
The free AC supply cable is fitted at one end with a female plug which mates with
the AC connector at the rear of the instrument. When fitting a supply plug ensure that
conductors are connected as follows:-
Earth — Green/yellow
Neutral - Blue
Live — Brown
When attaching the supply lead to a non-soldered plug it is recommended that the
tinned ends of the lead are first cut off to avoid the danger of cold flow resulting in
intermittent connections.
230/240V 0.25A-TT
| 210/220V 0.25A-TT 105/110V 0.5A-TT
Fig. 2-I Voltage ranges, showing switch and locking plate positions
SAFETY TESTING
Where safety tests on the AC supply input circuit are required, the following
procedures can be applied. These comply with BS 4743 and IEC Publication 348. Tests
are to be carried out as follows and in the order given, under ambient conditions, to
ensure that AC supply input circuit components and wiring (including earthing) are safe.
2-2 Aug. 88
INSTALLATION
(1) Earth lead continuity test from any part of the metal frame to the bared end of
the flexible lead for the earth pin of the user’s AC supply plug. Preferably a heavy
current (about 25 A) should be applied for not more than 5 seconds.
Test limit : not greater than 0.5 Q.
(2) 500 V DC insulation test from the AC supply circuit to earth.
Test limit : not less than 2 MQ.
GPIB INTERFACE
The GPIB interface module is fitted to the rear panel of the instrument.
(1) The interface is ready for GPIB operation after setting the appropriate
talker/listener address — see Chap. 3 : Second function 2.
(2) Connection to other equipment which has a 24-way bus connector to IEEE
Standard 488 can be made with the GPIB lead assembly 43129-189U, available as
an optional accessory. Where conformity with the radio frequency interference
limits specified by VDE (Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker) is required, an
alternative double screened GPIB lead assembly 46883-962H is available. An
IEEE-to-IEC adapter 46883-408K is also available for interfacing with systems
using a 25-way bus connector to IEC Recommendation 625 — see Fig. 2-2.
INSTRUMENT
24
) : 7 IEEE LEAD | : EQUIPMENT
43129-189U >) WITH IEEE
CONNECTOR
(IEEE
CONNECTOR)
INSTRUMENT EQUIPMENT
= = IEC LEAD ce
em—_(C
CONNECTOR
IEEE to IEC
ADAPTER
46883-408K
(IEEE
CONNECTOR)
Fig. 2-2. GPIB interconnections
Aug. 88 2-3
INSTALLATION
GPIB connector
The contact assignment of the GPIB cable connector and the device connector is as
shown in Fig. 2-3.
DIO 2 | 2 | 14 | DIO 6
DAV RSEra FORMS TWISTED PAIR WITH 6
NRFD | 7 | 19 | FORMS TWISTED PAIR WITH 7
NDAC | 8 | 20 | FORMS TWISTED PAIR WITH 8
IFC | 9 | at | FORMS TWISTED PAIR WITH 9
SRQ | 10 | 22 | FORMS TWISTED PAIR WITH 10 te
ATN FORMS TWISTED PAIR WITH 11
EARTH LOGIC EARTH
SHIELD
Fig. 2-3 GPIB connector contact assignments
RACK MOUNTING
The instrument may be mounted in a standard 19 inch rack as a single unit using the
kit 46883-717K. This contains a pair of side angle plates wide enough to allow the
instrument to sit centrally within the rack frame as shown in Fig. 2-4.
Fig. 2-4 Single unit rack mounting
2-4 Aug. 88
INSTALLATION
For rack mounting the 2022E side-by-side with another instrument of similar
modular construction, a double unit rack mounting kit 46883-716B is available. Fixings
for joining the two instruments together and attaching both to the rack are shown in Fig.
2-5. For detailed information on kit parts, assembly etc., refer to the fitting instructions
supplied with each rack mounting kit.
icon
®Berprprrer ‘@)
P93 5009
Fig. 2-5 Twinned unit rack mounting
If rear connection is required in a rack mounted system, the RF OUTPUT socket
can be removed and repositioned on the rear panel - see the Service Manual for details.
Aug. 88 2-5
www.everything4lessstore.com
www.everything4lessstore.com
Chapter 3
OPERATION
PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL
All operating functions of the generator are carried out from the front panel
keyboard which is divided into five distinct colour coded areas. Remote operation from a
GPIB controller is possible via the GPIB interface.
FRONT PANEL
10kHz-1.01GHz signal generator 2022E
MARCONI INSTRUMENTS
CARRIER FREQUENCY
RF LEVEL
MODULATION
sre El
) es)
~~ pV Aa
1V
@& Wy -
moo F
©
INT MOD RPP ,
FREQ RESET
Fig. 3-1 Front panel controls
©)
cn
2=
o=
~
[revenge sane®_| POWER
25W MAX
RF OUTPUT 509
e
SUPPLY switch. Applies the AC supply voltage.
MOD IN/OUT socket. Provides a 600 Q, nominal 1 V EMF output from the
internal 1 kHz modulation oscillator or accepts a modulating input from an external
source.
Major function keys. Six of the seven keys have an associated LED to
indicate the function selected. , |
Numerical keypad (brown). For entering numerical value for the function
selected, including minus sign and decimal point.
Units keys (grey). The four keys assign units of measure and also terminate
the numerical entry.
[6] Miscellaneous functions (brown). The right-hand group of seven keys is for
switching the carrier and modulation on or off, incrementing/decrementing and
selecting internal or external modulation. One further brown key on the left selects
modulation ALC and the internal modulation frequency.
2nd FUNCT (blue). This key with its associated LED accesses additional
secondary control and calibration facilities.
RF OUTPUT. 50 QN type output socket with reverse power protection. |
Aug. 88 3-1
OPERATION
REAR PANEL
3-2
STO FREG
add j
RF OUT 50m
POWER SUPPLY
195-120 ORZ 19-2404
50-«00Hz
Fig. 3-2 Rear panel layout
[] REMOTE CONTROL GPIB INTERFACE. This module allows remote
control of the instrument. Accepts a 24-way IEEE GPIB connector.
(2) AUX MOD IN. A BNC socket which accepts an auxiliary external modu-
lating signal. An input of 1 V RMS produces a secondary modulation at 20% of the
indicated primary modulation.
[3] STD FREQ IN. A BNC socket which allows an input from an external 10
MHz standard frequency (or 1 MHz or 5 MHz after resetting an internal link).
[4] VOLTAGE SELECTOR switches. A combination of four positions which
select ranges of 105/110 V, 115/120 V, 210/220 V or 230/240 V, each with a 10%
tolerance to afford a complete cover over the ranges 95 to 132 V and 190 to 264 V.
[5] Selector switch plate. Can be turned and/or reversed to secure the VOLTAGE
SELECTOR switches in one of four pre-selected positions.
[6] AC fuses. Supply input fuses are rated at 0.25 A (time lag) for the 190 V to
264 V range or 0.5 A (time lag) for the 95 V to 132 V range.
[7] AC supply input. The AC supply is connected through this plug which mates
with the connector fitted to the supply lead.
[8] STD FREQ ADJ. Allows the internal standard to be set against a primary
external standard.
CAUTION ...
Incorrect adjustment of this preset will impair the frequency accuracy of the
generator and it should therefore only be adjusted by an authorized re-
calibration unit.
{8} RFOUT. This blanked hole provides alternative connector locations when the
instrument is rack mounted. Fitting instructions are included in Chap. 5 of the
Service Manual.
Aug. 88
OPERATION
PREPARATION FOR USE
(1) Switch SUPPLY ON and note that the following three display patterns appear in
sequence:
(i) Instrument type no.
(ii) Software issue no.
- Fig. 3-3 Switch-on displays
Note ...
If second function 16 was in use before the instrument was switched off, the
contents of store 10 will be recalled as the initial operating mode instead of the
default conditions shown in Fig. 3-3. If store 10 contents are recalled when
display. blanking (second function 197) is on, none of the settings will be
visible. Use REC’L 00 to obtain a visible display.
(2) Check that the CARRIER FREQUENCY window does not indicate EXT STD,
unless an external frequency standard is being used. If this has been in-
-advertently selected error 11 will be displayed, in which case press CARR FREQ
and INT/EXT keys to reselect internal frequency standard.
(3) During normal operation the instrument's internal reference standard will give
an accuracy within the rated performance after a warm-up period of 5 minutes at
normal ambient temperatures.
Aug. 88 3-3
OPERATION
OPERATING PROCEDURES
The general procedure for selecting a numerical parameter such as frequency,
modulation or RF level is to enter the following sequence:
FUNCTION (orange key) which lights the adjacent LED.
NUMERICAL VALUE (brown key) including decimal marker and negative sign if
required.
UNITS (grey key) which acts as terminator.
If an error is made while keying clear the entry by re-selecting the function key. If
value entered is outside the rated range, the instrument will set to the nearest
end-of-range value.
CARRIER FREQUENCY
-EaOOOOF
Press the orange CARR FREQ key (unless its LED is already lit). Enter the
required value via the numerical key pad and note that the data entered appears in the
CARRIER FREQUENCY display. Terminate the instruction by pressing the MHz, kHz or
Hz key.
If the requested value of FM deviation exceeds that allowed by the new carrier
frequency setting then the FM deviation sets to the maximum available for the carrier
frequency selected.
Carrier on/off
The carrier may be switched off or on at any time by pressing the CARR ON-OFF
key.
Internal/external frequency standard
At switch-on the instrument will set to either internal or external frequency
standard, depending on its last state before switch-off. _ External standard control is
indicated by the annunciator EXT STD in the CARRIER FREQUENCY display. Pressing
the INT/EXT key will toggle between internal and external standard.
When INT is selected, the frequency is controlled by an internal 10 MHz
erystal controlled oscillator.
3-4 Aug. 88
OPERATION
When EXT is selected, an external 10 MHz* signal of at least 1 V RMS is required
at the rear panel STD FREQ IN socket. The instrument will lock automatically to this
signal.
Error no. 11 is displayed in the CARRIER FREQUENCY window if the input is of
incorrect level (or not connected).
Error no. 12 is displayed if the input frequency is outside the locking range. This
error message may also be displayed when the instrument is initially switched on until
such time as the internal frequency standard synchronizing circuits have locked to the
external frequency standard input. This will take approximately one minute. Subsequent
reselections made when the instrument is at or near to its operating temperature will not
incur this delay and therefore the error message will not then be displayed.
*Or 1 MHz or 5 MHz after resetting an internal link — for details see Service Manual.
RF LEVEL
|
+2008)
Press the RF LEVEL key and enter the required value including any decimal point
or minus sign. The terminator keys give a choice of 3 linear units : volts, millivolts and
microvolts and a logarithmic unit (decibels). These units can be further qualified by
second function 14 - see page 3-15 - which offers the choice of EMF or PD and allows
the logarithmic units to be expressed in dBuV, dBmV or dBm.
The units in use will be shown on the RF level display. _If the level requested is
too high at the currently set AM depth then the RF level is set to the maximum available
and a warning is given in the form of a flashing colon symbol (:) to the left of the RF
LEVEL display.
Note ...
To convert an RE level indication from linear to log units or vice versa, simply press
the new units key. For example, to convert an indication in mV to dBm press the
dB key.
Reverse power protection
Accidental application of reverse power to the RF OUTPUT socket will trip the
reverse power protection (RPP) unit and the REV PWR annunciator will flash on the RF
LEVEL display. During this time the keyboard will not respond except to reset
commands.
After the source of power has been disconnected reset the RPP by pressing the RF
LEVEL function key. Attempting to reset the RPP with power still applied will result in
the RPP tripping again.
When the instrument is switched OFF, the output socket is automatically dis—
connected from the output attenuator - a further safety feature.
Aug. 88 3-5
OPERATION
Operation with 75 Q loads
The performance specification for the instrument assumes operation into 50 Q
loads, but often it is desirable to work into mismatched loads. This is in general possible
although an uncertainty of performance may be introduced. In the particular case of a
75 @ load, this can be accurately matched for carrier frequencies up to 500 MHz by
using the 50/75 Q Impedance Adapter, Part No. 54411-051X. This 25 Q series load
maintains the correct (open circuit) voltage calibration and allows the reverse power
protection circuit to function correctly.
MODULATION
Internal modulation source
1 § kHz ©
MoD | |
ins | t kHz —©-
ea ae 16
In the internal modulation mode, pressing the MOD ALC/INT MOD FREQ key
causes the internal modulation oscillator to sequence through its available frequencies
(400 Hz, 1 kHz and 5 kHz). Press the key repetitively until the required modulation
frequency is obtained.
| MOD |
| ON-OFF |
The MOD ON/OFF key controls the modulation signal in both internal and external
modes.
External modulation
The instrument normally powers up in the internal mode with the 1 kHz oscillator
frequency selected. To select external modulation press the INT/EXT key after selecting
the AM or FM/®M function. This will set the EXT annunciator in the MODULATION
display. Press the INT/EXT key again to return to internal modulation.
If external modulation has been selected the modulating signal can be set internally
to the correct level (provided the applied voltage is between 0.9 V and 1.1 V) by pressing
the MOD ALC key. If the input is outside the range of the ALC system either a HI or LO
message will indicate this in the MODULATION display. Selection is indicated by the
adjacent LED. The instrument will normally power up with MOD ALC off when in the
external modulation mode. The modulation ALC is always on in the internal modulation
mode. 7
3-6 Aug. 88
OPERATION
Auxiliary modulation
A rear panel BNC socket (AUX MOD IN) allows an external modulation signal to
be applied at the same time as the normal internal or external modulation source. A
signal level of 1 V RMS at this socket will produce 20% of the indicated modulation
setting. For example if the 2022E is set to produce 5 kHz deviation using the internal
source and a 1 V RMS signal is applied to the AUX MOD IN socket the combined
deviation will be 6 kHz.
The auxiliary modulation facility is particularly useful for tests on radio receivers
when a low level sub-audible signalling tone needs to be applied in addition to the normal
modulation.
Amplitude modulation
I
-©- | av is
| rad dB
Press the AM function key (unless its LED is already lit). Enter the required value of
modulation depth followed by the % terminator. If the requested value of AM exceeds
that allowed by the current RF level setting then the level is reset to the maximum
available for the AM depth selected and a warning is given in the form of a flashing colon
symbol to the left of the RF LEVEL display.
Frequency or phase modulation
‘HHO »
--GOOe «
Press the FM/®M function key (unless its LED is already lit). Enter the required
value of deviation followed by a terminator (MHz, kHz or Hz for FM; RAD for ®M).
When the first digit of a new setting is entered both FM and ®M annunciators are
set; pressing the terminator key removes the unwanted annunciator. To change from
FM to ®M or vice versa press the FM/®M key again, re-enter data and re-select the
required terminator key.
If the requested value of FM deviation exceeds that allowed by the current carrier
frequency setting the FM deviation sets to the maximum allowable for the carrier
frequency selected.
| MOD
ON-OFF
To turn FM or ®M off whilst still retaining the current value of entered deviation,
(for example in signal-to-noise ratio measurements) press the MOD ON/OFF key. The
off condition is indicated by the setting of an OFF annunciator in the MODULATION
display. Entering a new value of deviation will automatically restore the modulation.
Aug. 88 3-7
OPERATION
INCREMENTS
Assigning increment values
To display the current set of increment values press the orange A (delta) key.
Unless the values have been changed as below, the following default set will be displayed.
Carrier frequency: 1 kHz
Modulation: FM 1 kHz or ®M 0.1 rad or AM 1%
RF level: 1dB
To return to the normal display without affecting the current increment values press
any function key twice.
To change the increment value of any function press the A key followed by the function
key; then enter the new value and the terminator. For example to select a carrier
frequency increment of 10 kHz follow the sequence shown above. FM, ®M, AM or RF
LEVEL may be similarly incremented but note that for RF LEVEL increments the only
valid terminator is the dB key.
Applying increments
Each press of the t (UP) key increments the function parameter by the selected
value; likewise pressing the | (DOWN) key decrements by a similar amount.
Holding the UP or DOWN key pressed results in continuous incrementing or
decrementing after a delay of one second.
To change from the incrementing mode to the decrementing mode without the one
second delay keep the UP key continuously pressed, allowing the instrument to increment,
then press the DOWN key also. When the UP key is released the instrument will
immediately decrement. Similarly, to change from down to up without delay press the
UP key before releasing the DOWN key, and when the DOWN key is released the instru-
ment will immediately increment.
To find the total shift from the original setting press the TOTAL A key. While this
key is pressed all the displays will show the total shift of each function from its starting
value.To return to the initial value of the selected function press the RET’N key.
3-8 Aug. 88
OPERATION
STORE AND RECALL
The instrument has 100 non-volatile stores available. Stores numbered 00 to 19
store complete instrument settings (including increment values and modulation oscillator
frequency). Stores 20 to 99 store settings of carrier frequency only.
| To store press STORE followed by a two-digit numeric entry. Holding the last
entered digit key pressed will keep the store number on the display. The command will
be executed only when the key is released.
ee
To recall press REC’L followed by the appropriate two digit numeric entry.
Increment or decrement keys can then be used to sequence the recall of stores if required.
Pressing the RET’N key will recall the first store selected before incrementing or
decrementing took place.
If an attempt is made to store values when second function 196 (protection of store
settings) is in operation, this will not succeed and error message 18 will be displayed as
shown above. A list of error numbers is given on page 3-24. Also if second function
197 (display blanking) is in operation only the numerals of the stored or recalled store
will be displayed in the RF LEVEL window. Further details of second functions 196 and
197 (both of which are second degree protected) are contained in the Service Manual.
Oe
Aug. 88 3-9
OPERATION
SECOND FUNCTIONS
Second function operations provide a means of controlling various secondary
features and calibrations within the instrument. Access to many of these operations is
generally not required during routine use of the instrument and some should only be
accessed by skilled personnel during the course of realignment, fault finding or repair.
There are three levels of operation as follows:
Normal operation. Second functions accessed by a single key entry (0-9) are
unprotected.
First level operation. Second functions accessed by a two key entry (10-18) have
first degree protection. | Access to this level can be gained after operating an
unlocking procedure - see ‘Second function 0’.
Second level operation. Second functions accessed by a three key entry (190-199)
have second degree protection and can only be accessed by the operation of a
special key code. Details of the code are given in the Service Manual.
2nd
| FUNCT
In general the second function mode is entered by pressing the blue 2nd FUNCT key
followed by a number corresponding to the second function required. Pressing the 2nd
FUNCT key inhibits the action of some keys, but the instrument can always be restored
to its normal operating mode by pressing any of the orange function keys. This means
of exit from second function operation is always safe, - it will not corrupt any data or
alter any status bits, and the displays will revert to their normal functions.
| |
|
Niepbeaies
No data will be permanently altered unless the STORE key is pressed. The
operation of each of the secondary functions is as follows:-
Second function 0: ‘Unlock’
Switching on the instrument automatically locks all second functions that have a first
or second degree of protection. Access to first level operation is obtained by the
UNLOCK procedure:-
(1) Press 2nd FUNCT and ‘0’ keys, and note that ‘0’ is displayed in the RF
LEVEL window.
(2) Then press the | and MOD ALC keys simultaneously until ‘l’ is displayed in
the FREQUENCY window (this will take approximately 5 seconds).
3-10 Aug. 88
OPERATION
The instrument will then be unlocked to enable selection of the required second
function within the first level group. If the sequence is in error, or aborted part way
through, the instrument will remain locked. Once unlocked the instrument remains so
until either the 2nd FUNCT and ‘0’ keys are once more pressed or until the instrument
power is switched off. :
Note ...
Access to all second functions is always available over the GPIB. Access to second
functions via GPIB selection should be restricted to personnel who have a full
knowledge of these operations and require access to them in the course of
realignment, fault finding or repair only. If inadvertent selections are made it is
possible to invalidate the instrument’s calibration.
Second function 1: ‘Status’
I
2nd
2
Entering 2nd FUNCT followed by the numeral 1 key will result in the instrument
displaying status information as shown in Fig. 3-4.
“W G4G80
tome Soyer
G H
Fig. 3-4 ‘Status mode’ display
where A GPIB address: . 00 to 30
Offsets: °F S 01k
‘Tl’ = on
(see second function 15)
w
I
C = Level units code: 0 to 9 (see second function 14)
D = Stores/offsets locking: ‘0’ = stores and offsets unlocked
‘1’ = stores locked; offsets unlocked
‘2’ = stores unlocked, offsets locked
‘3’ = stores and offsets locked
(see second function 196 in Service
Manual)
E = Display blanking OP S018
of recalled stores: ‘1? =on
(see second function 197 in Service
Manual)
Aug. 88
OPERATION
FP -=. Protection: level: ‘0’ = unprotected
‘1’ = first level
2 =second level
G = Ext. frequency standard: 1, 5 or 10 MHz
(see second function 10)
H = Indication of second function number currently selected.
GPIB data output in response to QU command when the 2022E is addressed to talk gives
the following string, with ‘.’ indicating a space:-
AA,B,C,D_ E.E GG
Second function 2: ‘GPIB address setting’
STORE
| |
The current GPIB address is displayed in the CARRIER FREQUENCY window. If
a new address is required, this may be entered via the keyboard. Numbers rotate in from
the right. When the required address is displayed pressing STORE key will, if the
address is acceptable (00 - 30), replace the previous one. If the address is invalid it will
be ignored and the current address re-displayed. The GPIB address is stored in the
non-volatile memory.
Second function 3: ‘Manual latch setting’
| | pe
= O _ | 2nd
| FUNCT || |.
This function allows a 6 or 8 bit binary instruction to be directed to any of the
instrument’s internal latches for testing and fault finding. This facility is fully described
in the Service Manual and is an invaluable aid when diagnosing internal instrument bus
or latch faults. On exiting from second function 3 all latch data which may have been
over—written is restored.
STORE |
3-12 Aug. 88
OPERATION
Second function 4: ‘SRQ mask setting’
Error numbers
13 14 15 1617 18
STORE |
Lt | tt
_ Ooo itd
a
\
Page number
Fig. 3-5 SRQ mask setting display
Select 2nd FUNCT followed by numeral 4. The SRQ mask allows an instruction to
be made for the 2022E not to request service over the GPIB for particular conditions.
Error numbers are listed from 1 to 18 inclusive. At switch on all error numbers are
unmasked ‘0’. Selection of second function 4 gives a six bit binary number in the
frequency display.
To access all 18 error numbers three ‘pages’ are required. At switch on (default
mode) page 1 is selected and the page number indicated in the modulation display.
Error numbers 1 — 6 are represented in the frequency display, the lowest error on the left
of the display.
To move to page 2 press the ‘-’ (decimal point) key; the MODULATION display
now indicates page 2 and error numbers 7 - 12 are represented from left to right. Again
press the decimal point to give access to page 3 representing error numbers 13 - 18.
Pressing the decimal point a further time will return you to page 1.
Ones and zeros are entered via the keyboard and rotate in from the right. Enter a
bit ‘1’ to mask the desired error and when in position press the STORE key. For more
information on the significance of each digit see the paragraph - Error numbers (page
3-24). Fig. 3-5 shows the mask set to ignore a GPIB bus error (Error No. 16).
Aug. 88 3-13
OPERATION
Second function 5: ‘Read identity string’
Selection of this facility enables you to confirm the instrument type number, then
after pressing the decimal point, its serial number e.g. 52022-950, Ser. No. 654321-123.
If QU command is sent via the optional GPIB interface the following string is put into the
output buffer:
52022-950 001 654321-123
Software issue number (001), although not displayed, is inserted between type and
serial number in the string.
Second function 6: ‘Test display’
| FUNCT ||
dBm
| OFF AM a |
"BB ale. 188s
REV PWR
1 eExT@m v pd
Select 2nd FUNCT followed by numeral 6. All display components are then set to
give confirmation of the back-plane drive and LED operation, and also the CMOS logic
and LCD segments on the CARRIER FREQUENCY, MODULATION and RF LEVEL
displays.
Second function 9: ‘Read elapsed time’
This facility enables you to observe the total number of instrument running hours
from the last reset. It may be used to indicate, for instance, calibration intervals. The
elapsed time is as shown above and has a resolution of 0.5 h. Display characters are not
updated while being viewed. The elapsed time can be reset to zero — see Service Manual
for details.
Aug. 88
OPERATION
Second function 10: ‘Record external frequency standard choice’
This facility enables the choice of external frequency standard (1, 5 or 10 MHz as
set by the position of the internal link) to be recorded and displayed in the status display
mode second function 1. Unlock the instrument to the first level of operation by means
of the unlocking procedure - see second function 0. Then select 2ND FUNCT 10
followed by numeral(s) 1, 5 or 10 as appropriate and the STORE key.
Note ...
This function merely records, but does not change, the frequency accepted.
Second function 11: ‘Read identity string’
¢ JOJO
This facility is the same as second function 5 and provides identical display features
but is first degree protected. Unlock the instrument to the first level of operation by
means of the unlocking procedure - see second function 0. Then select 2nd FUNCT
followed by numerals 11.
The purpose of second function 11 is to provide compatibility with Signal Generator
2018A where an identical second function 11 facility allows commonality with GPIB
controller instructions. As described in second function 5, if QU is sent via the GPIB the
following string is placed in the output buffer, e.g. 52022-950 001 654321-123, to
confirm the instrument type, software issue and serial number.
Second function 12: ‘Write user definable string’
This is a GPIB only facility which enables you to store a string of up to 32 ASCIL
characters in a non-volatile memory. The second function number is displayed in the RF
LEVEL display. Up to 31 ASCII characters can be accepted and then terminated by <lf>.
Follow this with ST command to store,
e.g. SF12 - This is a user-defined string <cr> <lf> ST
would store ‘This is a user-defined string’.
If an attempt is made to store too many characters then <If> is automatically inserted as
the 32nd.
Aug. 88
OPERATION
Second function 13: ‘Read user definable string’
This facility provides a means of reading back data set by means of SF12 write
facility and is again a bus only facility. The second function number is displayed in the
RF LEVEL display and in response to QU command places the user defined string into
the GPIB output buffer.
Second function 14: ‘RF level units setting’
Unlock the instrument to the first level of operation by means of the unlocking
procedure — see second function 0. Then select 2nd FUNCT followed by the numerals 1
and 4. On entering second function 14 a digit is displayed in the FREQUENCY window
as shown above. This is the code number for the current RF level units, as shown in the
table below. To change the units press the new unit code number. Then press STORE
to terminate the entry.
arithmi
Unit code Logarithmic unit Linear unit
dBmV EMF
dBuV EMF
dBmV PD EMF
dByuV PD
dBm
dBmV EMEP
0
1
pi
3
4
e)
6
7
8
9
Second function 15: ‘RF level offsets’
In addition to the standard calibration for RF output level, the instrument has a
capability for overall level adjustment to facilitate matching with other equipment. The
output level can be raised or lowered by approximately 2 dB in the offset mode. First
select a carrier frequency within the chosen band followed by a suitable RF level.
3-16 Aug. 88
OPERATION
Complete the unlocking procedure - see second function 0. Then select 2nd FUNCT
followed by numerals 1 and 5. There are three carrier frequency bands, <250 MHz,
250-500 MHz and 500-1010 MHz, which are identified in the modulation display as 1, 2
or 3 respectively. One offset value may be set for each frequency band.
Selection of offsets ‘on’ is made with the numeral 1 key, or ‘off with the 0 key.
Indication of the selected state is shown with either 1 or 0 in the CARRIER FREQUENCY
display. Either terminate the selection by pressing the STORE key, or before doing so
set a value of offset in the following manner.
Ensure offset ‘on’ (1) is selected and then press the t (UP) key or the | (DOWN) key
to increment or decrement the RF level by 0.1 dB. Each successive operation of the key
will increment/decrement the RF by a further 0.1 dB. When sufficient offset has been
determined press the STORE key to terminate the selection which will, together with the
offsets ‘on’ selection, remain valid until further adjustment ts made.
Note ...
If error 18 appears while setting offsets, this indicates that the offset store has been
protected by second function 196.
If an offset value of +0.1 dB is selected when the instrument is set to the limit of its
operating range, i.e. +10 dBm or equivalent, a maximum RF level of +9.9 dBm will be
displayed (a further +0.1 dB offset increment will decrease this to +9.8 dBm).
Note ...
When an offset value has been selected and stored it will remain valid for all
subsequent power on sequences. RF level accuracy of the instrument may there-
fore be impaired and care should be taken to account for this.
Aug. 88
OPERATION
Second function 16: ‘Recall STORE 10 at switch on’ '
| | STORE |
This facility allows the instrument to be operated in a remote or unattended location
with a pre-selected set of conditions which will remain unchanged in the event of in-
advertent switching off and on of the input supply voltage. If this were to happen in the
normal operating mode, the instrument would resume the initial Operating mode, that is
CARRIER FREQ 1010 MHz, INT MOD with 1 kHz modulation oscillator frequency, no
MODULATION and minimum RF LEVEL (-127 dBm or equivalent). These conditions
can be superseded by storing the required operating conditions in STORE 10 and carrying
Out an automatic recall of the STORE 10 settings using the second function 16 mode.
(1) First select the required CARRIER FREQ, MODULATION and RF LEVEL
settings at the keyboard.
(2) Press the STORE key followed by the numerals 10.
(3) Complete the first level unlocking procedure ~ see second function 0. Then
select 2nd FUNCT and numerals 1 and 6. Follow this by selecting the recall store
10 mode (numeral 1). Finally press the STORE key to terminate the entry.
If the supply voltage is interrupted and then restored, the instrument will auto—
matically carry out a RECALL 10 instruction and reset to the STORE 10 conditions
previously set. To disable the facility first unlock the instrument to first level operation,
select 2nd FUNCT 16 followed by the numeral 0, and finally the STORE key. If second
function 197 is in use all information normally shown on the front panel will be blanked.
Details of this facility are given in the Service Manual. ,
Second functions 190 - 199: (Second level operation)
The following facilities all have second degree protection. Further information on
these and details of the special key code used to unlock to this level are contained in the
Service Manual.
Second Facility
Function
190 Identity string setting
191 FM tracking calibration
192 RF level calibration
193 Voltage tuned filter (VTP) calibration
194 AM calibration |
195 Set checksum
196 Protection of store and offset settings
be, Display blanking of recalled stores
198 Read total instrument operating time
199 Reset elapsed time
Aug. 88
OPERATION
GPIB FUNCTIONS
The GPIB interface allows the instrument to be coupled to a controller. The
essential purpose of the GPIB function is described below. Further information on the
general features and applications of the GPIB system can be obtained from ‘The GPIB
Manual’ offered as an optional accessory.
The 2022E has both talker and listener capabilities. One address is used for both
talking and listening and is set via the front panel or via the GPIB using second function 2.
The instrument can request service (assert SRQ) on certain error conditions under the
control of an SRO mask which is set using second function 4.
SH1 : Source handshake (complete capability)
The source handshake sequences the transmission of each data byte from the instrument
over the bus data lines. The sequence is initiated when the function becomes active, and
the purpose of the function is to synchronize the rate at which bytes become available to
the rate at which accepting devices on the bus can receive the data.
AH1 : Acceptor handshake (complete capability)
The acceptor handshake sequences the reading of the data byte from the bus data lines.
T6 : Talker function (no talk only function)
The talker function provides the 2022E with the ability to send device dependent
messages over the bus to the controller. The ability of any device to talk exists only
when it has been addressed as a talker.
L4 : Listener function (no listen only function)
The listener function provides a device with the ability to receive device dependent
messages over the bus. The capability only exists where the device is addressed to listen
via the bus by the controller.
SR1 : Service request function (complete capability)
The service request function gives the 2022E the capability to inform the controller when
it requires attention. .
RL1 : Remote/local function (complete capability)
The remote/local function allows the 2022E to be controlled either by the local front panel
keys or by device dependent messages over the bus.
DC1 : Device clear function (complete capability)
Device clear is. a general reset and may be given to all devices in the system
simultaneously (DCL) or only to addressed devices (SDC). 2022E resets to the default
power-up mode, that is:
Aug. 88
OPERATION
Maximum carrier frequency (1010 MHz)
No AM, FM or ®M
Minimum RF level (-127 dBm or equivalent)
Internal modulation
Modulation oscillator frequency 1 kHz
Increment settings:
Carrier frequency: 1 kHz
Modulation: 1 kHz FM, 0.1 rad ®M or 1% AM
RF level: 1 dB
Note...
The instrument settings following Device Clear on Selective Device Clear are
not affected by the settings of second functions 16 or 197.
Before these conditions are set, a checksum is calculated for the calibration data (FM
tracking and RF level) and referred to a number held in the non-volatile memory. If this
test of calibration validity fails, the instrument responds by asserting SRQ. _ The status
byte will contain the error number 7 to signal a calibration data fault in addition to the
‘SRO asserted’ bit. In order to continue with the device clear (and normal operation
thereafter) the instrument must be restarted by sending any valid instruction code (e.g.
“CF”). This serves only as a reset and will not be interpreted in the normal way.
E1 : Open collector drivers
The GPIB drivers fitted to 2022E have open collector, rather than tristate, outputs.
Setting the GPIB address
The instrument’s talk/listen address is selected by means of second function 2.
Acceptable addresses (00 to 30) can be set by this means and the instrument’s internal
address register will be updated by reading the address at power-on and on receipt of a
device clear message. The current GPIB address is shown in the frequency display
window when the interface is correctly installed.
GPIB programming codes
Functions Miscellaneous functions
CF Carrier frequency
FM Frequency modulation
AM Amplitude modulation
PM Phase modulation
LV_ REF level
DE Delta (increment/Decrement)
ST Store ! followed by a
RC Recall number 00-99
IS Internal freq. standard
XS External freq. standard
IM _ Internal modulation
XM_ External modulation
CO Carrier off
C1 Carrier on
UP Increment up
DN Increment down
RT Return
SF Second function (see note on
page 3-11)
RS Reset RPP
QU Query - send current function
setting to GPIB buffer
3-20 Aug. 88
OPERATION
Megahert VL Volts | Mod ALC off
Kilohertz MV Millivolts Mod ALC on
Hertz UV Microvolt Mod off
Percentage DB Decibel Mod on
Radians 400 Hz oscillator
1 kHz oscillator
5 kHz oscillator
Listening function
The 2022E is remotely controlled over the GPIB by strings of two-character codes
and digits sent in upper case ASCII format. Where possible these codes correspond
directly to the front panel keys; however, where the normal front panel control requires
a knowledge of the previous state of the instrument (e.g. toggling controls such as on/off),
special codes are provided to simplify programming.
In order to improve the readability of control strings, the codes may be separated
by commas or spaces after each code pair or data group. These are ignored by the
instrument. When data is entered, the syntax is the same over the GPIB as that used in
control from the front panel. For example to enter a complex string of instructions such
as a carrier frequency of 123.45 MHz with an increment of 25 kHz and an RF
level of 1.2 pV the string can be sent as follows:
“CF 123.45 MZ, DE CF 25 KZ, LV 1.2 UV”.
Similarly, if it is required to change the RF level units setting to dBm (second
function 14, leve! unit code 4), the following string should be sent:
“SF 14,4, ST”.
Selection of a second function via the GPIB will result in a display of the SF number
being shown in the instrument’s RF LEVEL display.
The MOD ON/OFF, CARR ON/OFF and INT/EXT controls operate on the function
currently active for data entry. This may be specified, e.g. “FM M1”; “AM XM” or
implied, e.g. “FM 1.5 KZ, IM” but it is recommended that the function is specified within
the string to ensure that the string will always have the same result.
Talking function
On receipt of the QU command the current function setting (e.g. CF,FM) is
transferred to the GPIB output buffer in a format corresponding to the GPIB commands
needed to set the instrument to the current state. RF level will be displayed in log. or
linear units but without a specific reference since this information cannot be re-entered
directly. Increment settings are also available if QU is sent whilst in DELTA mode with
4 current function LED lit. The following tables give the format for each type of string.
Aug. 88 3-21
OPERATION
TABLE 3-1 MODULATION STRING (18 characters)
Number of characters in field
4
3 digits or leading
spaces plus decimal
point or space
* Represents a space which is used when the field has no relevance such
as the levelling field when internal modulation is selected.
e.g. DE FM 1.00 KZ M1 IM ** F3
TABLE 3-2 FREQUENCY STRING (17 characters)
Number of characters in field
| 7 digits or leading
| spaces plus decimal
point or space
e.g. ** CF 123.4567 MZ IS
TABLE 3-3. RF LEVEL STRING (14 characters)
Number of characters in field
i | 4 | Zz | 2
3 digits or B | CO
leading spaces |} Cl
plus decimal point
or space
e.g. ** LV * 100.0 MV Cl
Provision for talking second function values can also be made by a similar use of
QU when the function is engaged, the format being numeric strings only for calibration
data etc., e.g. FM tracking, and a numeric string representing hours for the elapsed time
indicator. Three further data strings are available, Status string, Identity string and a
User string, which are accessed by means of second function controls and the QU
function.
3-22
OPERATION
The external modulation input level status indicated by the modulation window Hl
and LO is also accessed. The current status, if outside the specified limit, is transferred
to the GPIB output by means of an error message which may be accessed by carrying out
a serial poll:
Error No. 9 — input too low
Error No. 10 — input too high
Requesting a string to be output will overwrite any string data waiting to be sent.
Addressing the instrument to talk without specifying a string to be sent or re-addressing
to talk after a string has been completed will result in an error (and SRQ if not masked).
SF1, QU Status string
When accessed by SF1, QU the status of the instrument is sent to the controller,
each data field being delimited by one space in the following format:—
XX x Xx x x X x
GPIB OFFSETS LEVEL STORES DISPLAY PROTECTION FREQ STD
ADDRESS ON/OFF UNITS OFFSETS BLANKING LEVEL 1,5 or
CODE LOCKING 10 MHz
GPIB address: 00 to 30
Offsets: ‘0’ = off
‘J? =on
Level units code: 0 to 9 (see second function 14)
Stores/offsets locking: ‘0’ = stores and offsets unlocked
“1? = stores locked, offsets unlocked
‘)? = stores unlocked, offsets locked
‘2° = stores and offsets locked
(see second function 196 in Service
Manual)
Display blanking “) =s0LF
of recalled stores: ‘1’? = on
(see second function 197 in Service
Manual)
- Protection level: ‘0’? = unprotected
‘1’ = first level
‘2’ = second level
_ Ext. frequency standard: 1, 5 or 10 MHz (see second function 10)
Aug. 88 3-23
OPERATION
SF11, QU Identity string (read only)
The identity string accessed by SF11, QU allows instrument type number, software
issue number and serial number to be read by the controller. The information is stored
in non-volatile memory. The string is displayed as described in second function 11.
Each data field is delimited by one space.
SF12, User string write facility
Up to 32 ASCI characters can be stored in non-volatile memory by the user. This
bus only facility is useful for recording such information as the date the next calibration is
due, test gear numbers etc. The String is terminated by the LINEFEED character <lf>,
(ASCII code 10) which is included as the last character stored. If an attempt is made to
store too many characters then <If> is automatically inserted as the 32nd.
SF13, QU User string read facility
This facility provides a means of reading back data set by means of SF12 write
facility and is again a bus only facility.
Service requests (SRQ)
_ The 2022E can request service to warn the controller of certain error conditions. In
response to a serial poll after asserting the SRQ line, the 2022E-will provide a status word
(8 bits) in which bit 6 is set to indicate an SRQ request and the first five bits (0 to 4)
indicate an error number. The error number is also displayed briefly in the carrier
frequency window. Errors 06 and 08 will result in the instrument not functioning. Error
07 can be overridden with a restart command (any function code or digit).
Error numbers
Error condition Action taken
100 NO ERROR
_|01 REQUEST OUTSIDE LIMITS
| 92 INCORRECT KEY CODE SEQUENCE
| 03 TOO MANY DIGITS
|04 INCORRECT UNIT
105 RPP TRIP Wait for reset instruction (RS)
| 06 RAM CHECK FAILURE (IC9) |
|07 EAROM CHECKSUM FAILURE (IC10) Wait for restart instruction (any
| function code or digit)
| 08 EPROM CHECKSUM FAILURE (IC5-IC8)
|09 EXTERNAL MODULATION OUTSIDE ALC
| RANGE (LOW)
} 10 EXTERNAL MODULATION OUTSIDE ALC
RANGE (HIGH)
{11 EXT STD SELECTED BUT NOT APPLIED None
Aug. 88
OPERATION
No. Error condition Action taken
EXT STD FREQ NOT LOCKING
LATCH WRITE ERROR
EAROM WRITE ERROR
EAROM RECALL ERROR
GPIB BUS ERROR
UNRECOGNIZED GPIB MNEMONIC/
CHARACTER | Ignore both characters: e.g.
ATTEMPT TO WRITE TO PROTECTED if the string “P,CF,M0” was
STORE received, the P,C would result in
error 17 being displayed and the
rest of the string would be inter-
preted as “FM,0”.
SRQ mask
The SRQ response to the errors listed above can be suppressed by setting a 3-page
6-bit mask, via second function 4. The bits of the mask refer directly to the errors, i.e.
the left-most bit set indicates no response to error 1, the second from left no response to
error 2, etc.
The mask is displayed by selection of second function 4, and may be changed by
entering ‘1’s and ‘0’s via the keyboard. The STORE key is pressed to finalize a change.
The SRO mask is not stored in the non-volatile memory when power is removed. When
the instrument is initially switched on the mask is set to all ‘0’s.
Reverse power protection
When tripped by an overload applied to the RF OUTPUT socket, the GPIB SRQ line
is asserted, and the status byte (obtainable by the controller conducting a serial poll) will
contain the value 69 (decimal). The RPP can be reset via the bus by sending the RS
command.
Note ...
If error 05 has been masked using second function 4 the service request action will
not be initiated.
Clear, switch on, and return to local
SDC and DCL clear 2022E to the following state:
Maximum carrier frequency (1010 MHz)
No AM, FM or ®M
Minimum RF level (-127 dBm or equivalent)
Internal modulation
Modulation oscillator frequency 1 kHz
Increment settings:
Carrier frequency: 1kHz
Modulation: 1 kHz FM, 0.1 rad ®M or 1% AM
RF level: 1 dB
To revert from GPIB to front panel control, press the RET’N key.
Aug. 88
OPERATION
If a local lock out command has been given the RET’N key operation will be
ignored. :
Notes ...
(1) INT/EXT frequency standard selection, the GPIB address and instrument
stores are unaffected by the SDC and DCL commands.
(2) Switching on clears the 2022E to the same state as SDC or DCL unless
‘Recall STORE 10 at switch on’, conditions apply.
Aug. 88
Chapter 4
BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Frequency synthesizer and signal processing
2022E is a synthesized AM, FM or phase modulated signal generator covering a
frequency range of 10 kHz to 1 GHz. Frequencies in the range 250 to 500 MHz are
generated from two voltage controlled oscillators. In the range 62.5 to 250 MHz signal
frequencies are obtained by divider circuits and in the range 10 kHz to 62.5 MHz by a
beat frequency oscillator system. A frequency doubler is used to cover the band 500 to
1010 MHz.
The output frequency is phase locked to a frequency standard and frequencies up to
100 MHz can be set to a resolution of 10 Hz. Above 100 MHz the resolution is 100 Hz.
A fractional division scheme allows this resolution to be obtained whilst still keeping the
phase locked loop bandwidth reasonably high. Provision is aiso made for the use of an
external frequency standard when this is preferred. Frequencies of 10, 5 or 1 MHz can
be used depending on the position of an internal link. |
Note...
A full technical description appears in the Service Manual H 52022-950J (Vol. 2)
part number 46881-8910U.
| AM
FIXED
FREQUENCY
MODULATOR
JOMHz
EXT STD INT STD 1OMHz
or
1,5,10 MHz
EXT STD
PIN
DIODE
ATTENUATOR
9
50.
10kHz-62°5 MHz OUTPUT
POWER
AMPLIFIER
JITTER
CORRECTION
}
DIVIDERS LEVEL
&
62:5-
250MHz
LOW PASS
FILTERS
PIN
DIODE
ATTENUATOR
“FRACTIONAL N°
SYNTHESIZER
(10Hz STEPS)
;
250-500 MHz
POWER
DOUBLER
& AM
500 -1010MHz
BAND PASS
(LOW MOD FREQUENCIES) SER
TPC 5905
Fig. 4-1 Block schematic diagram
Aug. 88 4-1
BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Output
Calibrated output levels from -127 dBm to +10 dBm are provided. A combination
of ten output level calibration units can be selected on the front panel. The RF output
level can be set to a resolution of 0.1 dB over the entire output voltage range with a total
cumulative accuracy of +2 dB. A precision attenuator provides 120 dB in 10 dB steps
and is a self contained module. Three 30 dB, one 20 dB and one 10 dB pad are used,
each operated by TOS relays. 16 dB of fine level control is provided by PIN diode
attenuators.
Modulation
Amplitude, frequency and phase modulation can be provided internally froma
modulation source at a frequency of 400 Hz, 1 kHz or 5 kHz.
Amplitude modulation. For carrier frequencies greater than 62.5 MHz, modu
lation depths up to 80% are obtained using PIN diode attenuators and envelope feedback.
At carrier frequencies less than 62.5 MHz a fixed frequency modulator Operating at a
frequency of 160 MHz allows up to 95% depth of modulation. AM is DC coupled.
Frequency modulation. _ FM is created by applying the modulation signal to
varactor(s) in the 250 to 500 MHz oscillator. Simultaneous modulation of the reference
frequency prevents fall off in response below the loop bandwidth. FM off (CW mode)
gives the lowest residual FM noise. The low frequency response is tailored to optimize
the modulation accuracy of low frequency square waves.
Phase modulation. This is obtained using a differentiator in the modulation signal
path and then applying the treated signal in the same manner as for FM.
Modulation signal ALC. This is always in circuit when internal modulation is in
use and may be selected when switched to external modulation. The circuit uses a JFET
and allows up to 10% error in a 1 V input before a HI or LO message in the modulation
display indicates that the applied modulation signal level is outside the range of the ALC.
Control
Front panel operation is carried out by direct entry of required settings via the
keyboard. Microprocessor control ensures flexibility, simplicity of use and allows
programming by the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). This facility allows the
instrument to be used both as a manually operated bench mounted instrument or as part
of a fully automated test system.
4-2 . Aug 88
A
AC supply connection
Accessories
Amplitude modulation
Auxiliary modulation
Cc
Carrier frequency setting
Carrier on/off
Connecting to supply
D
Display blanking
F
Features
Firmware status
Frequency standard int/ext
Frequency modulation
Front panel controls...
Functional description
Fuses is
G
General purpose interface bus (GPIB)
Address setting
Connector pin assignments
Error numbers .
Interface fitting
Listening function
Programming codes
Return to local command
Service requests
Strings
Talking function
I
Increments
M
Modulation ALC
Modulation int/ext
Modulation oscillator
O
Operating precautions
P
Performance data
Phase modulation
Preparation for use ...
Principles of control...
Aug. 88
INDEX
eee er
BeOS Wes RAS Res
- roma @)
mem RNN Ore
R
Rack mounting
Rear panel layout
Reverse power protection
RF level setting
S
Safety precautions
Safety testing
Second functions
GPIB address setting
Manual latch setting
Read elapsed time
Read identity string
Read user definable string
Recall STORE 10 at switch on
Record ext. freq. std. choice
RF level offsets _
RF level units setting
Second level operation
SRQ mask oes
Status
Test display
Unlock
Write user definable string
Store and recall
Switching on
U
Unpacking and repacking
75 Q load operation
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
31
3-2
323
GPIB modulation string
GPIB frequency string
GPIB RF level string
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig
11
1-2
2~1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
vi
10 kHz to 1.01 GHz Signal Generator 2022E....
Case dimensions
Voltage ranges, showing switch positions
GPIB interconnections
GPIB connector contact assignments
Single unit rack mounting
Twinned unit rack mounting
|
lke aks wee cas ae es
i
3-1 Front panel controls
3-2 Rear panel layout
3-3 Switch-on displays
3-4 Status mode display
3-5 SRO mask setting display
4]
Aug. 88
Block schematic diagram...
vii
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