Document text
NEW YORK CONTINENTAL
L
WATER PURIFICATION
MECHANICAL FILTRATION
ORIGINATED, PATENTED AND CONSTRUCTED BY
THE NEW YORK CONTINENTAL
JEWELL FILTRATION COMPANY
GENERAL CONTRACTORS
UNDER THE NEW YORK, CONTINENTAL, JEWELL, WARREN, HYATT,
BLESSING AND AMERICAN PATENTS
FOR RESIDENCES, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, CLUBS, BATHS, BREWERIES, DIS-
TILLERIES, OEEICE BUILDINGS, AND FILTRATION OF PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLIES. OVER 300 MUNICIPAL PLANTS IN SUCCESSFUL OPERATION
GENERAL OFFICES: MILLS BUILDING, 15 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK
FACTORY: HUDSON AND SUSSEX STREETS, JERSEY CITY, N. J.
KANSAS CITY, MO. 313 East Tenth Street BOSTON, MASS., The Dyar Supply Co., 66 Broadway, Cambridge
SAN FRANCISCO, The California Jewell Filter Co., CHICAGO, ILL., - - 111 Monroe St., Room 422
- The Merchants Exchange YORK, ENGLAND - Jewell Export Filter Co., 8 Lendal
MONTREAL, P. Q. 619 New Birks Building
Copyright, 1913, by The New York Continental Jewell Filtration Co.
0^
TNL T K^O
D
U
C T O FL.Y
General Notes
Manufacturing
OUR factory is the largest if not the only one in the world
exclusively devoted to the manufacture of filters. It is
equipped with all the latest improved machinery and with
many special machines designed especially for our work. None but
skilled workmen are employed, many of whom have been in our
employ for several years.
Drafting
The drafting and designing department is most complete. Draw-
ings and preliminary sketches showing the general arrangement will
he made to accompany propositions when desired, provided we receive
the necessary data concerning the proposed location, etc.
Complete working plans of large gravity and pressure filter plants
are made after acceptance of proposition and submitted for approval.
For this purpose our engineers generally visit the works to obtain
measurements and full information in detail.
Laboratory
We have a skilled chemist in charge of our laboratory, where all
of our own chemical, microscopic and bacteriological tests of waters
are made. Tt has been our custom for years to make complete analyses
and practical tests of all waters, unless we are perfectly familiar
with them, to determine the best and most economical methods of
purification. Parties wishing complete reports on the purification of
their water supplies should write for instruction pamphlet before send-
ing sample.
Patent Protection
The New York Continental Jewell Fillers and auxiliary appliances
arc the result of over thirty years' experience and practical work in
the purification of waters, during which time nearly 400 patents have
been issued thereon, in this and foreign countries, and our customers
are amply protected in their use of any apparatus or appliance pur-
chased of us.
Prices
Owing to the various conditions attending the location and erection
of our filters, especially for city water works, paper mills, sugar re-
fineries and other large industries, where generally two or more of them
are connected in a battery, the arrangement of each plant must be sep-
arately designed. We are, therefore, prepared to make an estimate of
cost only when we have become fully conversant with the circumstances
bearing directly on each individual case and we have, therefore,
omitted all figures of cost in this issue. Our prices are most reasonable,
and unquestionably the lowest for the highest possible standard of
workmanship, efficiency and durability.
We guarantee to replace at our own expense any parts proving
defective due to inferior workmanship or material, if called to our
attention within one vear from date of installation.
The Following Information Is Requested When Inquiring About Filters
1. What is the source of supply — lake, stream,
deep or shallow well?
2. Is the water turbid, and to what extent?
3. If you have analyses, send copies. Informa-
tion as to alkalinity especially desired.
4. To what use is the filtered water to be put?
5. Do you desire gravity or pressure filters?
6. What available horse power have you?
Water power? Steam? Electricity?
7. State number and capacities of pumping
machinery, and if electrical state phase
and character.
8. What is the maximum pressure on present
pipe system?
9. Do you pump direct, or to stand pipe or re-
servoir? Give elevations, in feet.
10. State maximum amount of water used per
hour.
11. What working pressure would filter shell be
required to stand?
12. Give dimensions and sketch of available
space for proposed filters.
13. AVhat is the relative elevation of high-water
and pump-room floor and proposed site
of filters?
14. Give character and bearing value of soil if
excavation is necessary.
15. Send data covering sewer conditions; eleva-
tion of present sewer, if any.
Gravity Filters
The following brief description of the several TYPES of GRAVITY
■FILTERS explains the particular usefulness of the machine to coin-
ply with certain local conditions, and also accounts for the difference
in the cost of the several types of filters having the same diameter.
An} r Gravity Filter is an open tank in which the sand hed is con-
tained arranged above a strainer system and the water to be purified
passes through the sand bed by gravity, usually after preliminary sedi-
mentation, into a clear water well frequently located beneath the lilter.
These filters may be constructed of concrete, steel or wood and it can
be said that the use of concrete is increasing in this connection. There
is, however, a considerable difference in the equipment of the filter
according to the type.
THE NEW YORK SECTIONAL WASH GRAVITY FILTER.
This filter has as its distinguishing feature the '"Sectional" arrange-
ment of the strainer system whereby the water used in washing is
diverted through one of the valves into one of the several sections
of the strainer system so that the incoming wash water may act upon
one section at a time with greater velocity than would be the case
where the entire strainer system was affected by the same amount of
water. Experience has shown that with many waters this method
of washing is as satisfactory as the more direct attrition furnished
by the use of rakes or air, and the construction being simpler is less
costly and is especially adapted to locations where no power is avail-
able except tin- water under pressure.
THE CONTINENTAL GRAVITY FILTER. This lilter has the
strainer system of the well-known Little Falls or "Williamson" type,
trapped so as to admit of air under pressure within the header and
manifold pipes during washing. The air being furnished through a
blower or compressor is forced upward through the strainer system
and perforates the lilter bed equidistantly and under equal pressure,
affording openings through the bed into which the reversed stream of
wash water follows, reaching all portions of the lilter bed evenly,
removing the impurities lodged upon the bed and within it, flushing
the impurities to the sewer opening and leaving the filter bed clean
again for the purpose of purifying water.
The necessity of a blower or compressor in connection with this
method limits its use, so far as economy is concerned, to cases
where a number of units are necessary, as the first cost of the blower
increases the cost of one unit out of proportion.
Xo method of air or water distribution in filtration has given the
perfect distribution so essential to the washing of the filter, as the
Williamson patented trapped air wash method employed in this filter.
THE MODIFIED JEWELL FILTER. This filter is constructed
with a single tank and wash water gutters are attached to the side of
the tank, doing away with the necessity of having two tanks, one
within the other, as in the Jewell Filter. It is provided with the iron
rakes to assist in the breaking up of the sand bed during the wash-
ing operation. This filter can be furnished at a less cost than the
Jewell Gravity Filter hereinafter described and in many cases can lie
used to do the same work.
THE JEWELL GRAVITY FILTER. This filter is equipped
with the agitator or reversible rake used in "breaking" up the bed
during the washing period. While the reversed stream of water is
forced upward through the strainer system, lifting and permeating the
lilter bed of sand and gravel, the rakes are revolved through the sand
bed at the same time, thus subjecting the bed to the double action of
the agitator and the wash water, thoroughly cleansing the bed and
Hushing out the impurities to the sewer. In the Jewell Gravity Filter
the double tank construction is adhered to, the space between the
outer and inner tank being utilized as an annular trough to carry
away the wash water in the manner of a weir. While filtering, this
same space is employed to distribute the influent water evenly over
the filter bed with the least disturbance possible.
THE HIGH-TYPE JEWELL GRAVITY FILTER. This filter
is superimposed above a settling tank upon the same floor space and
is very convenient and efficient for moderately turbid waters at low
cost of installation.
THE LOW-TYPE JEWELL FILTER, This filter is arranged
generally in conjunction with independent sedimentation tanks.
All of the above described types of filters are controlled by control-
lers of either the "Weston" or "Venturi" type, as may be selected,
arranged with the "down-draft" extension into the clear well, enabling
the plant to increase its capacity automatically during any abnormal
condition such as would be caused by a lire of unusual size and
duration.
All of the above described filters are operated by "Negative Head"
and are fully covered by patents No. 11.072, June 28, 1898; 546,738,
September 24, 1895, and 644,137, February 27, 1900, describing the
down-draft principle now employed in practically all modern filtra-
tion work.
THE WARREN GRAVITY FILTER. This filter is especially
adapted to conditions where very little head is obtainable for operation.
In connection with a weir tank it operates under a head as low as 20",
the weir tank furnishing the wash water for the cleansing of the
filter.
"Pressure Filters"
These are described and shown in separate catalog
Send for our "Pressure Filter" catalog
Coagulation
Clear Water
Showing Coagulation
During Subsidence
Coagulation, Sedimentation and Filtration
Coagulation is so essentially a feature of mechanical filtration
that a thorough understanding of the process is important. In
fact, it is a distinctive part of mechanical filtration. It may be said
where sedimentation is accomplished upon a muddy water by four
days' settlement, that the same result can be accomplished by
coagulation in four hours. Roughly considered, coagulation is pro-
duced by the introduction into the raw water of a soluble chemical
salt, capable of decomposing and becoming insoluble when brought
into contact with certain constituents of the water itself. *The result
is the formation of an insoluble gelatinous coagulum of great bulk
and relatively greater specific gravity than is possessed by the im-
purities contained in the water. This coagulum, gradually aggre-
gating together, precipitates or subsides throughout the water, en-
veloping and dragging down such suspended matter and color as it
comes into contact with, and after depositing the heaviest portion in
the sedimentation tanks, finally in a greater or lesser percentage
amount rests upon the filter bed which is interposed between the
treated water and the outlet. This coagulum, with its entangled sus-
pended matter resting upon the filter bed, offers to the flowing treated
water a closer and more compact surface than would be offered by
the sand grains of which the filter bed is composed.
One of the most important differences existing between the me-
chanical or American filter and its rival or forerunner, the "slow
sand" or European filter, consists in the fact that the latter depends
upon a natural formation of coagulum by the bacteria themselves;
this is called by the Germans "Schmutzdecke." Mechanical filtra-
tion provides for the manufacture of its own coagulum through me-
chanical and chemical processes. Coagulation in this country gradually
resolved itself into the employment of the double salt of alumina and
potash, commonly called alum, and latterly for commercial reasons
lias been succeeded by the simple sulphate of alumina. A very com-
mon example of the work accomplished by a coagulum is that fur-
nished by the practice of clarifying coffee by means of the white of egg.
•The following equations explain (lie chemical reactions technically:
(1) Where alum is used:
KnAl 2 (S0 4 )4+3CaCOa+.lH,0=3C aS() 4 +K,S()4+3Co ; ,+ Al,( OH),
(2) Where sulphate of alumina is used:
Al 3 (S0 4 ) 3 -|-3CaCo3-t-3H a O=3CaS04+3CO s +Ala(OH)8
The sedimentation tanks are often concreted at the bottom, and
the concrete slopes from a foot at the periphery of the tank to prac-
tically nothing at the sewer outlet in the center. This is done to
facilitate the discharge of the accumulated, coagulated refuse to the
sewer during washing. The necessity of washing the settling tank
and filters varies as to the water applied.
A complete gravity plant of the mechanical type is arranged as
follows: The raw, unfiltered water is lifted by means of low-service
pumps to settling tanks constructed of wood, steel or masonry. The
supply from the pumps, entering at about eighteen inches from the bot-
tom of the settling tanks, has injected into it a measured quantity of
solution of sulphate of alumina or sulphate of iron. This coagulant,
because of the presence in the water of the carbonates of lime, etc.,
or, failing that, because of a measured quantity of clear lime-water
added thereto, decomposes into the insoluble coagulum, in one case
hydrate of alumina being formed, in the other case hydrate of iron.
The coagulated water, after entering the settling tanks, gradually rises
to the level of the overflow dams, which are placed near the top of the
subsiding tanks. The coagulated water in rising to that height gradu-
ally leaves behind it in the settling tank the coagulated, suspended
impurities to a greater or lesser degree, and these impurities accu-
mulate upon the bottom of the settling tank, while the water, divested
to a greater or lesser degree of these impurities, spills or overflows
to and upon the filter beds, which are situated exterior to and lower
than the settling tanks. The filter tanks consist of certain units con-
structed of wood, steel, concrete or masonry, very often circular in
form, in some cases rectangular. Within these filter tanks, superim-
posed upon a manifold system of piping connected to a screen sys-
tem, are the sand beds. The sand employed is sharp river sand, run-
ning between twenty and forty mesh, and the average depth in use is
about four feet. These filters must be elevated to a height to allow
for sufficient head above the clear well, that a requisite amount of water
may pass through them, the rate of flow as best practiced being two
gallons per minute per square foot of area. On the other hand, the
filters must not be elevated beyond a point below the overflow dam
of the subsidence basin or settling tank in order to give the necessary
head required to carry the subsided water upon the filter bed. The
filters are directly connected to the overflow flam of the settling tank.
The Air Wash in Mechanical Filtration
During the process of washing a filter a reverse stream
of water is forced, under pressure, upward through the fil-
tering material to flush off the impurities collected during
the time the filter is in operation. In accordance with the
Law of Areas this reverse stream of wash water is restricted
within a limited space, outside of which the congested filter
bed tends to "break'' or "channel." It is necessary, therefore,
in order to properly wash filter beds beyond a certain area,
to assist this reverse current with mechanical force ; it is also
economical to do so. The mechanical agitator or rake is de-
signed for that purpose, and within the limit of circular con-
struction answers the purpose perfectly. The "Sectional
Wash" strainer system also has its place. The "Air Wash,"
however, has the advantage of being applicable to any form
of construction, and experiment and use demonstrate that it
is equally efficient. The Continental "Trapped Screen"
Single Air Wash system, as employed at Little Falls, X.J. ;
Middletown and Ithaca, N.Y. ; Aloline, Danville, Cairo, 111.;
Yincennes, Ind. ; Bristol- Warren, R.T. ; Scranton, Pa.; New-
port, R.I., etc., is the highest development and best mechani-
cal method of washing a filter bed with air. At the Little Falls
plant a duration of only nine minutes is necessary to com-
pletely wash a million-gallon filter unit.
The trapped air under pressure perforates the packed filter-
ing material equidistantly and under equal pressure and per-
mits the incoming reverse stream of wash water to reach all
portions of the filter bed evenly and remove by Mushing to the
sewer opening, the impurities collected during filtration, leav-
ing the filter bed clean and again ready for its purpose of
purifying water.
Prior to the invention of the Williamson Trapped Air Wash
it was the practice to provide separate air pipes paralleling
the water distribution system. This is still resorted to by
engineers and manufacturers anxious to avoid patented fea-
tures necessarily covering the more improved trapped system.
We claim for the Williamson Air Trapped system greater
economy in cost and distribution.
Improved "New York" Sectional Wash Gravity Filter
Constructed
of Steel or
Wood and
delivered
"knocked
down"
For schedule
of sizes,
weights and
capacities
.JJSHTfiLTERED
■*JBM waste
see page 15
Embodying the "Sectional Wash" feature as described on page 4
9
"Continental" Air Wash Gravity Filter
Constructed of
Steel or Wood,
and delivered
"knocked down"
For schedule
of sizes, weights
and capacities,
see page 15
For description of the "Air Wash" see pages 4 and 8
10
Modified Jewell" Gravity Filter
Constructed
of Steel or
Wood and
delivered
"knocked
down"
For schedule
of sizes,
weights and
capacities
see page 15
See description on page 4
11
"Jewell" High Type Gravity Filter
Constructed of
Steel or Wood
and delivered
"knocked down"
For_schedule
of sizes, weights
and capacities
see page 15
See description on page 5
12
" Jewell " Low Type Gravity Filter
Constructed of
Steel or Wood,
and delivered
"knocked down"
For schedule
of sizes, weights
and capacities,
see page 15
See description on page 5
13
"Warren" Gravity Filter
Constructed of
Steel or Wood,
and delivered
"knocked down"
For schedule
of sizes, weights
and capacities,
see page 15
For description see page 5
14
Schedule of Sizes, Capacities, and Weights — Gravity Filters
Capacities shown are the minimum rate for muddy and contaminated waters
Type
Diameter
Height of Inlet and
Filter Tank Outlet Pipes
Waste Pipes -
Capacity in U. S. Gallons
Minute Hour 24 Hours
Approximate
Tank
Shipping \\~
Parts
eights — Lbs.
Filter Beds
8'
7'
4"
5"
100
6,000
144,000
2,800
3,300
19,000
10'
7'
5"
6"
157
9,420
226,080
:;. 7(iu
4,400
29,500
New York <
13'
*
6"
8"
265
15,900
381,600
5,200
6,050
50,000
15'
i
6"
8"
353
21,180
508,320
6,200
7,050
66,800
- 17'
i
8"
10"
454
27,240
653,760
7,001)
10,050
86,000
8'
7'
4"
5"
100
6,000
144,000
2,800
3,300
19.000
10'
/
5"
6"
157
9,420
226,080
3,700
1,100
29,500
Continental s
13'
i
6"
S"
265
15,1100
381,600
5,200
6,050
50,000
15'
i
6"
8"
353
21,180
508,320
6,200
7.050
66,800
- 17'
i
8"
10"
454
27,240
653,760
7,000
10,050
86,000
6'
10'
3"
6"
57
3,420
82,080
8,300
2,000
12,000
8'
16'
4"
6"
100
6,000
144,000
11,700
3,000
20,000
10'
16'
4"
8"
157
9,420
226,080
14,700
4,000
32,000
Jewell High Type
/ 12'
16'
6"
S"
226
13,560
325,440
18,500
7,000
46,000
) 14'
16'
6"
8"
308
18,480
443,520
22,600
8,000
62,000
15'
16'
6"
8"
353
21,180
508.320
25.500
10,000
71.000
17'
16'
S"
8"
454
27,240
653,760
29,700
17,000
91,000
\ 24'
16'
10"
10"
905
54,300
1,303,200
32,000
18,000
160.000
1 6'
7'
3"
6"
57
3,420
82,080
5,000
1,500
12,000
8'
i
4"
6"
100
6,000
144,000
5,800
2,500
20,000
\ 10'
t
4"
8"
157
9,420
226,080
T.ddit
3,500
32,000
Jewell Low Type
) 12'
7'
6"
8"
226
13,560
325,440
9,000
6,000
46,000
and
\ 14'
7
6"
8"
308
1S.480
443,520
11,000
7,000
62,000
Modified Jewell
/ &
7'
6"
8"
353
21. ISO
508,320
12,000
9,000
71,000
17'
7'
S"
10"
454
27 240
653,760
15,000
15,000
91,000
\ 24'
7'
10"
10"
905
54,300
1,303,200
20.000
16,500
160,000
f 8' 8"
8' 5"
8"
6"
118
7. (KO
169,920
3,600
8.430
12,500
Warren <
) 10' 6"
) 12' 0"
8' 5"
9' 11"
8"
8"
6"
6"
173
245
10,380
14,700
249,120
352,800
4,400
5,500
9,040
10,210
18,000
26,000
I 13'
9' 11"
8"
6"
265
15,900
381,600
6,400
10,250
28,000
CAPACITIES given are based upon a rate of 2 gallons per square foot of filtering area per minute, at which rate they will deliver a baetcrially pure as
well as a perfectly clear water. It is advisable to refer the question of capacity to us, as a much greater capacity than shown is ofttimes obtainable.
15
Typical Wooden Construction Gravity Plant
t^I^-t
#
Z' ! I
-□ ■ ^^ ■
General Plan and Section of a 2,ooo,ooo-Gallon Gravity Filter Plant. Wood Tank Construction
16
Typical Concrete Construction Gravity Plant
General Plan and Section of a 3.000,000-Gallon Gravity Filter Plant. Concrete Construction
17
Chemical and Bacteriological Results
East Jersey Water Co., Little Falls, N. J.
Averages — (For Fiscal Years Beginning September ist)
YEAR AND MONTH
1902-1903
1903-1904
1904-1905
1905-1906
190(5-1907
1907-1908
1908-1909
1909-1910...
1910-1911
1911-191*2
September, 1912.
October
November
December
January. 1913...
February
March
April
May
June
Average
Average
Period
of
Service
9.55
10.55
10.89
10.52
9.29
10.23
10.38
10.41
11.36
12.73
10.80
10.63
11.00
15.14
15.29
17.72
13.45
13.19
11.15
10.67
11.90
Filtered Water
Million Gals, a Day
Total
12.S
17.2
23.0
22.1
24.5
24.7
24.2
2o!s
28.4
30.8
30.8
30.7
29.-1
30.3
28.9
31.S
29.1
28.1
28.7
30.7
26.7
Net
12.4
16.7
22,1
21.4
23.6
23.8
23.4
26.0
27.3
29.9
29.9
29.S
28.5
29.6
28.3
31.2
28.4
27.4
27.8
29.8
25.9
Per
Cent.
of
Wash
Water
3.5
2.S
2.6
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.9
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.3
2.2
L9
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.1
3.0
Sulphate of
Alumina
Pounds
per
Day
2,330
3,060
4,150
4,720
4,340
4,940
1,930
7,740
4,530
5,450
6,450
8,790
13,320
7,790
4,370
6,120
3,170
4,410
6,070
7,060
Grains
per
Gallon
1.28
1.26
1.28
1.49
1.24
1.41
1.44
2.05
1.12
1.25
1.47
1.93
3.16
1.86
1.06
1.36
.84
1.10
1.48
1.61
6.702 1.48
Parts per Million
Alkalinity
Turb.
( 'olor
River Fil. River Fil. River Fil
28
29
33
27
30
24
32
32
3 1
26
41
35
90
Hi
21
2-1
If.
22
14
22
21
24
IS
30
23
i
23
12
14
7
23
14
15
10
18
11
27
16
36
24
27
IS
1 1
is
12
8
9
10
11
II
7
10
10
8
s
8
12
7
s
s
I
i)
()
I)
It
35
34
■2\ I
32
25
31
28
40
15
is
11
56
61
40
39
:;i
13
40
41
49
10
40
6
6
5
1
3
3
3
5
8
8
s
7
14
11
7
9
s
8
7
10
Bacteria
per Cubic
Centimetre
River
3,500
2,600
1,500
2,500
2,000
1,300
2,900
5,300
4,500
3,100
750
1,100
2,000
1,800
1,300
1,000
1,500
800
1,200
600
2,063
Fil.
7ii
55
50
110
65
35
4S
100
16
3
■_'
4
4
20
FRANK W. GREEN, Superintendent Filtration Works
is
>d by
the
Co. Planned and
s d by
The
equipped
L Yo-k Contj-
ta l Jewell F.l-
tration
Co.
Little Falls, N. J.
The Original Re-
inforced Concrete
Filter Plant. A
departure from
previous type.
View of one °f tne Fil ter Galleries. The openings into the filters are shown on both sides of the floor. The iron plates
between the operating tables are covers for the openings into the pipe gallery below
Installed in 1902. Daily capacity 32,000,000 gallons; filtering Passaic River water
19
Montreal, Canada
General View of Filter Gallery
Installed in 191 2. Daily capacity 30,000,000 gallons; filtering Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers water
20
Montreal, Canada
Filter Gallery
Operating Table
21
Montreal, Canada
j
i
Wash Pumps
22
Montreal, Canada
Raw Water Pumps and Flume
23
Montreal, Canada
t
Sulphate of Alumina Orifice Tanks
24
Montreal, Canada
25
Scranton, Pa.
Installed in 1909. Daily capacity 6,000,000 gallons; filtering an impounded water
26
Bristol-Warren, R. I.
Installed in 1908. Daily capacity 3,000,000 gallons; filtering Kickemuit River water
DATE
Bangor, Maine, Filtration Plant
Daily Report of Operation — General Average 1911-1912
Coagulant
Alumina
U2 ii
.go
Lime
V3 S3
.EC
Bacteria
per C. C.
>
a
-
"-
Efficiency
o
B. Coli
-
h
City Tap
C
PQ
-
Turbidity
E
(3
~
Color
d -
z >
ti
1911
March. . , .
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October. . .
November.
December.
1912
January. . .
February. .
Total
Average. . .
2.12
2!oo
2.00
2.06
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.11
2.04
2.06
2.00
2.00
0.49
0.19
0.27
0.2-1
0.15
0.10
0.11
0.15
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.10
2.03 0.17
3,906
7,231
2,607
2,606
2,201
2,133
3,210
2,490
3,023
4,084
3,358
2,578
194
117
54
61
43
40
4ii
31
48
72
45
44
95.04
98.39
97.93
97.66
98.05
98.13
98.57
98.63
98.42
98.24
98.66
98.30
76-93
63-87
74-90
78-81
76-78
87-91
78-90
85-93
86-90
63-72
84-93
71-87
3-93
2-S7
1-90
2-84
0-78
1-91
1-90
3-93
2-90
3-75
2-93
2-87
205
53
:^7
53
39
42
41
27
36
55
31
31
2 93
0-S7
0-90
0-81
0-78
0-91
0-90
0-93
2-90
1-75
0-93
0-87
I)
11.5
6.1
8.1
7.5
4.0
4.6
6.5
7.8
9.0
13.0
9.5
7.3
1.20
3.80
.80
.30
.00
.00
.16
.00
1.00
.90
.00
.00
3,286
67
97.97
921-1045
88.13%
22-1051
2.09%
54
5-1 04S
•47%
7.9
.68
.4
it
47.6
49.0
59.0
64.3
51.0
51.8
54.4
58.4
61.0
69.0
56.5
50.3
10.5
5.7
8.0
7.S
4.0
5.2
6.5
7.5
8.0
10.0
8.0
6.3
.03
95.59
56.0
7.3
77.85
88.37
S6.45
S7.S7
92.16
89.97
88.06
87.16
86.89
85.50
85.S4
87.48
86.97
JAMES M. CATRD, Chemist and Bacteriologist, Troy, N. Y.
28
Bangor, Maine
Installed in 191 1. Daily capacity 8,000,000 gallons; filtering Penobscot River water
29
MONTH
January. . . ,
February. .
March ..*...
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October. . . ,
November.
December.
January. . .
Clarksburg, W. Va., Filtration Plant
Annual Laboratory Report of the Chemist-in-Charge
1912-1913
TURBIDITY
ALKALINITY
BACTERIA
Per C.C.
B. COLI
Per cent of times present in these quantities
of water
Averages for 13 months.
67
11
14
24
12
110
21
13
27
12
189
26
10
30
13
143
20
15
23
14
50
13
24
19
84
15
29
23
208
16
29
19
44
15
35
29
104
19
30
19
30
10
27
23
42
15
30
21
78
18
2S
19
145
40
10
29
29
I
£
RAW
FILTERED
w
99
19
23
19
950
800
1,350
1 ,450
2,000
1,109
2,900
1,000
1,900
400
850
1,200
400
110
190
11
11
8
1 1
11
6
2
3
1
1
2
1
q
d
c
c
d
©
G
1,300
6
45
24
64
20
61
67
35
7
17
3
L9
65
45
SI
~><
M
'.is
71
60
63
12
27
55
84
90
86
100
97
97
100
100
100
97
100
83
90
90
(I
II
II
(I
(I
II
I)
II
(I
II
Averages for bacteria are recorded to the nearest two significant figures as adopted by the "Standard Methods."
The highest number of bacteria in the river water was 15,000. The highest number of bacteria, in the treated water was 50. The counts for
bacteria were made on nutrient agar at 40 deg. C. The tests for Bacillus Coli were made in Neutral Red at 40 deg. C. Average bacterial removal
for the year, 99.9 per cent.
Respectfully submitted,
PERKINS BOYNTON, Chemist-in-Charge
3d
Clarksburg, W. Va.
Filter Building
Operating Floor
Installed in 191 1. Daily capacity 3,000,000 gallons; filtering Monongahela River water
31
Springfield, Mo.
Installed in 1910. Daily capacity
6,000,000 gallons; filtering water from
Fullbright Spring
Operating Floor
Cohoes, N. Y.
Installed in 191 1. Daily capacity 8,000,000 gallons; filtering Mohawk River water
33
Newport, R. 1.
Installed in 1909. Daily capacity 6,000,000 gallons; filtering an impounded supply
34
Albany, Oregon
yj'j
!
It
Fi 1
i\ -'^
4»i '
K ]
1
1
f»
SBbEmSmSm
i
' 4wl
2x^ juS
I
\i
Pipe Gallery
Operating Floor
Installed in 191 1. Daily capacity 2,000,000 gallons
35
Clear Water Basin
Ottumwa, Iowa
Filter Building
Operating Floor
Installed in 191 1. Daily capacity 4,000,000 gallons; filtering Des Moines River water
36
Cherryvale, Kansas
Filter Building
Operating Floor
Installed in 1911. Daily capacity 1,400,000 gallons; filtering Verdegris River water
37
Longue Pointe, Canada
Installed in 191 2. Daily capacity 750,000 gallons; filtering St. Lawrence River water
38
Biddeford-Saco, Maine
Installed in 1896. Daily capacity 5,500,000 gallons; filtering Saco River water
30
Test of Elmira Water, Light and Railroad Co.'s Plant
DATE
Hacteria
'r. r.
&
Turbidity
r, -
-J 'J
-
U >
Si
<u i>
Color
5 t,
c "
u >
Alkalinity
£3
Alumina
■- ^ °
nj n —
B. COLI COMM.
cd
C 4)
. +J
+1 0]
= >
■- 2
1898 Average...
1899
1900
1901
1903
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907, January.. .
February
March ....
April
May
June
July
August . . .
September
October.. ,
November
December.
Average
1908, January. . .
February .
March ....
2,2S0
0,019
547
1,394
40,005
7,040
1,701
8,137
7,433
27,747
1 0.4S9
38.400
7.710
3,150
3.140
4,155
000
726
3,100
7.13 2
4.010
0.278
10,22-1
24,275
20.208
70
121
17
17
402
230
50
831
420
51
208
147
40
10
21
16
10
36
40
23
51
116
110
120
06 . 67
97.99
90.90
9S.71
96.32
97.00
97.17
00 .
07.0
50.0
62.0
98.98 30.0
99.43 72.2
99.S2I73.0
98.0214.5
99.02 61.5
99.48 92.1
99.40
99.34
99.62
9S.30
99.04
98.87
22.2
si!s
45.0
12.1
12.0
12.0
99.44 21.9
99.54 20. S
99.46 34.9
99.40 13.0
99.55 16.8
99. 55 197.5
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
1 1 .
100
100
94,
100
100
0.0 LOO
0.0 100
0.0 LOO
0.0100
0.0100
o.oioo
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
0.0100
. 1 01 I
0.0.100
0.0.100
00 28.1;
00 30.9
05 23.0
00 24.0
00.18.S
00 23.8
00 26.0
0.0
1.2
.6
1.0
.00
.00
.00
.00
.oo
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
6.6
24.0
26.4
23 . 5
21.1
23.7
10.8
12.0
17. S
21.3
21.1
19.5
14.4
12.2
24^3
100.00
96.12
97.40
95.94
o.oioo.oo!
0.0100.00
o.oioo.oo!
0.0100.00
0.0100.00
o.oioo.oo;
0.0100.00
0.0100.00
0.0100.00
0.0100.00
0.0,100.00
0.0400.00
0.0100.00
0.0100.00
0.0100.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.00
ioo. oo;
100.00
94.4S3,
101.183,
53.430.
60.2 45,
42.5 31,
65 . 4 33 ,
55.1 43,
23.211,
70.4 56,
45.3 33,
30.1 IS,
39.62S,
54.143,
62.0 50,
S2.771,
72.001
60.5 49,
43.0132
35.925
51.5 40
40.028
47.8 37
24.S|15
10.6
17.6
17.2
14.5
5 11.0
012.4
411.7
611.6
7 13.7
012.3
611.5
111.5
210.9
12.0
5.11.2
11.0
11.2
11.0
10. s
11.5
12.0
10.5
8.9
.50 .
1.2S
1.03 .
1.36 .
2. IS
1 . S9
l.GS
1.57
1.57
1 . 66 .
1.54 .
1.71 .
1.61 .
1.52 .
1.45 .
1.55 .
1.52.
1.52 .
1.51.
1 .52 ,
1.52 .
1.55 ,
l .cd .
1 .62 ,
1.60|,
.50
.25
.10
.059
.33
.49
5-5
14-15
S3-193
433-535
14-24
34-39
20-30
19-30
18-24
14-24
23-33
17-33
12-36
23-38
21-12
15-18
230-407
40-50
47-79
18-78
1-5
2-15
4-193
103-535
0-24
11-39
2-36
2-30
2—24
0-24
0-33
0-33
0-36
0-38
0-42
0-4S
7-407
5-50
11-79
1-78
2.0
2.0
1.6
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.5
1.9
2.t,
2.5
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.9
3.3
JAMES M. CAIRD, Chemist and Bacteriologist, Troy, N. Y.
40
"Jewell" Gravity Filter Plant as Installed at Elmira, N. Y., and Elsewhere
Wooden Construction
The plant at Elmira has been in successful operation since 1897; daily capacity 7,000,000 gallons; filtering Chemung River water
41
Continental Strainer System
Constructed
with or
without
air washing
arrangement
Concreted
in place,
affords
perfect
distribution
Strainer system with header and manifolds; arranged for air wash
42
Patented Strainers
Cone Valve
Operating Table
Dial of Loss of Head Gauge
shown at left of operating table
For recording "loss of head." When
"loss of head" reaches a given number
of feet, as indicated, the filter should
be washed.
Operating Table
■II
Operating Table
Constructed
of Marble
or Slate,
with Oak Doors
Q
Operating Table with Recording Loss of Head Gauge and Sample Tap
45
Fittings
Brass or
Nickel Plated
LIST OF MUNICIPAL FILTER PLANTS
OF THE
NEW YORK, CONTINENTAL, JEWELL, HYATT, WARREN, AMERICAN,
NATIONAL AND BLESSING TYPES
Adopted by 325 City and Town Water Works. Total Daily Capacity August 1st, 191 3, 800,000,000 Gallons.
Seventy-nine of These Cities and Towns Have Increased Their Plants.
Alabama
*These plant:
Daily Capacity,
Gallons.
have been increased, the number of stars showing the number of times increased.
Eufaula 500,000
*Gadsden 1,325,000
Tuscaloosa 500,000
Arkansas
**Little Rock 5,500.000
California
Black Diamond
Ft. Baker
Hillsboro
Merced Falls
*Oakland
Porterville
Rio Vista
San Diego
San Francisco (Spring Val-
ley)
Scotia
♦United States Government.
Presidio, San Francisco...
Watsonville
750.000
115.000
175,000
72.000
7,000,000
150,000
367,000
5,000,000
Connecticut
♦♦Greenwich
New Canaan
2.500,000
667,000
1.000,000
667,000
5.(111(1,0(10
1,000,000
Georgia
Daily Capacity,
Gallons.
***At1anta 21,000,000
**Athens 3,000,000
*Augusta 8,000,000
Columbus 2,000,000
Eatonton 350,000
Gainesville 1,000.000
***Macon 4,000,000
Milledgeville 500,000
*Rome 2,000,000
West Point 500,000
Illinois
Alton 3,000,000
♦Cairo 3,800,000
Carlinville 100,000
Danville 3,000,000
♦♦Decatur 3,000.000
East St. Louis 10,000,000
**Elgin 3,500,000
*Freeport 2,000,000
*Kenilworth 600,000
Lake Forest 1,000,000
Lawrenceville 325,000
*Moline 5,000,000
Murphysboro 250,000
*Pontiac 1.500.0(H)
**Quincy 4,000,000
46
Daily Capacity,
Gallons.
♦Rogers Park 900,000
Streator 1,500,000
Indiana
♦Anderson 5,000,000
Aurora 1,000,000
Muncie 4.000,000
Seymour 2,000,000
♦♦Terra Haute 9,000,000
Vincennes 2,000,000
loiva
Cedar Rapids 2,500,000
Clinton 1,000,000
♦Creston 1,000,000
♦Davenport 9,000,000
Iowa City 2,000,000
Keokuk 3,500,000
♦♦Osealoosa 1,250,000
♦Ottumwa 4,000,000
♦♦Waterloo 2,500,000
Kansas
Burlingame 1,000,000
Caldwell 500,000
Cberryvale 1,400,000
Coffeyville 4.000,000
Daily Capacity,
Gallons.
Council Grove 250,000
Kansas City 6,000,000
Oswego 500,000
Paola 250,000
Winfield 1,200,000
Kentucky
**Danville , 2,500,000
Hopkinsville 500,000
♦Lexington 3,500,000
Paducah 6,000,000
♦Winchester 2,250,000
Louisiana
Shreveport 1 ,000,000
Maine
**Bangor 8.000,000
***Biddef ord and Saco 5,500,000
Mechanics Falls 750,000
North Berwick 300,000
Rumford Falls 500,000
Veazie 1,000,000
Maryland
Cantonsville 250,000
Sparrows Point 300,000
Massachusetts
Athol 1,500,000
Reading 1,000,000
Michigan
Adrian 1,750,000
Minnesota
Brainerd 51)0,000
Breckenridge 1 ,000,000
*Ely 1,000,000
McKinley 28,000
Daily Capacity,
Mississippi Gallons.
Columbus 500,000
Vicksburg 3,000,000
Missouri
iiolden 300,000
♦♦Louisiana 1,800,000
Mexico 800,000
Rich Hill 200,000
♦St. Joseph 11,000,000
Trenton 400,000
Washington 200,000
Springfield 6,000,000
Nebraska
Nebraska City 400,000
A r czv II amps lure
*Exeter 114,000
Lebanon 1.000,000
New Jersey
Allentown 144,000
Allenhurst 500,000
Atlantic Highlands 500,000
Asbury Park 2,000,000
Bordentown 500,000
Hightstown 250,000
Keyport 500,000
Lakewood 500,000
Little Falls 32,000,000
♦Long Branch 3,000,000
Mt. Holly 1,500.000
♦♦Rahway 4,000,000
Red Bank 12,000.000
***Somerville 3,000,000
South Plainfield 350,000
47
Daily Capacity,
New York Gallons.
Attica 400,000
♦Bainbridge 300,000
Brockport 1,500,000
East Worcester 250,000
♦Elmira 7,000,000
Green Island 1,000,000
♦Hornell 3,000,000
Ithaca 3,000,000
♦Kingston 6,000,000
Cohoes 8,000,000
♦Middletown 5,000,000
♦Niagara Falls 10.000,000
♦Norwich 3,000,000
Oneonta 3,000,000
*Owego 750,000
Pleasantville 144,000
♦Rensselaer 4,000,000
Richfield Springs 350,000
Stamford 200,000
Valatie 150,000
♦Watervliel Arsenal 420,000
North Carolina
- Biltinore 500,000
Charlotte 1,500,000
♦Durham 2,000,000
Gastonia 350,000
Goldsboro 500,000
Henderson 350,000
*^Raleigh 2,000,000
♦Rocky Mount 1,350,000
*Salem 1,200,000
Salisbury 500,000
Shelby 1.000,000
Wilson 1,000,000
♦♦Winston-Salem 2,200,000
Ohio
Bucvrus 500,000
Conneaut 1,000,000
Dennison 2,000,000
Daily Capacity,
Gallons.
Elyria 2,000,000
Geneva 750,000
Newark 2,000,000
Portsmouth 8,000.000
Sandusky 4,000.000
Warren " 1,500,000
Oregon
Arlington 200,000
Albany 2,000,000
Eugene 3,000,000
Hood River 108,000
McMinnville 500,000
♦♦Oregon City 1 ,500,000
Wauna 60,000
Oklahoma
Bartlesville 1,000,000
Chickasha 50(1,000
Shawnee 1,500,000
Pennsylvania
Arnot 125,000
Berwyn 750,000
**Beaver Falls 3.000.000
Bristol 2.000,000
♦Carlisle 1.825,000
Canton 500,000
Clarion 500.000
Connellsville 1,500,000
♦Danville 1,000,000
East Greenville 342,000
♦Gettysburg 1 .000,000
♦♦Holmesburg 2.000,000
New Bethlehem 100.000
New Brighton 500,000
New Castle 4.000,000
♦Norristown 4,500.000
Overbrook 250,000
Pickering Creek 750.000
Pottstown 4.000,000
Royersforcl 700.0(H)
Srranton 6,000,000
♦Sharon 2.000,000
Daily Capacity,
Gallons.
Tunkhannock 100,000
♦♦Vandergrift 600,000
West Reading 250.000
Wilkes-Barre 14,000.000
♦York 6,000,000
Rhode Island
♦Bristol-Warren 3,000,000
East Greenwich 1,000.000
♦♦East Providence 2,000,000
Jamestown 500.000
Newport 6.000.00Q
Westerly 1.500,000
South Carolina
Camden 350.000
♦Charleston 6.000,000
Chester 300,000
Columbia 2,000,000
Union 500,000
Tennessee
♦♦♦Chattanooga 9.000,000
Clarksville 2,000.000
♦Knoxville 5,000,000
Beaumont ... 3,000,000
Graham 150.000
Greenville 500,000
La Grange* 150.000
Virginia
♦Fort Mycr 250,000
♦Norfolk 8,000,000
Petersburg 1,500,000
Virginia Beach 100,000
Washington
Waitsburg 500.000
West Virginia
Bcnwood .' 500,000
Clarksburg 3,000,000
Elm Grove 1,000,000
Fairmont 1.000,000
48
Daily Capacity,
Gallons.
Huntington 2,000,000
Mprgantown 1,000,000
Wisconsin
Merrill '...'.. 1,000.000
.Marinette 3,000,000
♦♦Oshkosh 2,860.000
Stevens Point 500,000
Alberta, Canada
♦Medicine Hat 6,000,000
Edmonton 6,000,000
Manitoba
Brandon 1.000,000
Ontario
Arnprior 500.000
Chatham 1,000,0(1)
Deseronto 500,000
Dunville 500.000
Renfrew 300,000
Smith's Falls 500,000
♦St. Thomas 2,000,000
Thurso 100,000
Quebec
Ahuntsic 500,000
Bordeaux 750.000
Buckingham 1.500,000
Fraserville 250,000
Longue Pointe 750,000
♦Longueuil 1,750,000
Montreal 30,000,000
St. Hyacinthe 1,000,000
Verdun 1,000,000
New Brunswick
♦Fredericton 2,000,000
Mexico
Chihuahua 1,750.000
San Luis Potosi 500,000
Isthmus of Panama
Panama 1.500,000
♦Colon 2,0u0,000
Corozal 1,000,000