Document text
Principal Investigator: Brian Elbel
Organization: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
Fiscal Year: 2024
Award: $662,456
Funding agency: National Institute of Nursing Research
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
This research will examine how significant disruptions to children’s health, education and overall well-being
during the COVID-19 pandemic created lasting influence on health, development and social trajectories
through the lifecourse, and the risk for long-term health outcomes. Effects of the pandemic are unevenly
distributed amongst children, particularly with respect to race/ethnicity and income, and are anticipated to both
reflect and exacerbate the already wide health disparities in the United States. As vaccines continue to roll out,
inequality in access to and take up of vaccinations could compound the disparate outcomes.
New York City (NYC), where the 1 million public school children are majority Black or Hispanic (66%) and 74%
are low-income, is an ideal place to situate this research. In the health domain, changes in diet and physical
activity and missed healthcare may increase incidence and exacerbation of chronic diseases like obesity,
asthma and diabetes. The pandemic generated stress and anxiety, with fewer of the usual mental health
services supports available, posing risk for new and more severe health problems. Even after schools fully
return to in-person learning, the educational consequences are expected to be protracted – including declines
in academic achievement (test scores), increases in chronic absenteeism, repeating grades, or high school
dropout. The research leverages the NYC Student Population Health Registry (SPHR), a uniquely inclusive,
longitudinal database of all NYC public school students, created jointly by the NYC Department of Health and
Mental Hygiene and NYC Department of Education to examine these and other outcomes. SPHR links multiple
municipal data sources at the child-level, allowing us to examine the influence of the COVID pandemic on
myriad outcomes. The impact of variation in child-level, classroom-level and school-level vaccination rates will
be important to understand, and it is expected that neighborhood and school characteristics (income,
vaccination sites, emergency food resources, open space) will mitigate (or exacerbate) sustained impacts.
Identifying sources of resilience, at either the individual or neighborhood level, is a public health priority.
The specific aims are:
• Aim 1: With a focus on disparities, determine health and education changes among children 2-4 years
after pandemic onset compared to pre-pandemic using a new, comprehensive and powerful set of
linked child-level administrative data.
• Aim 2: Determine how child-level, school-level and neighborhood-level COVID vaccination rates
influence the course of the COVID pandemic, with a focus on disparities.
• Aim 3: Determine the role of neighborhood and school resources in exacerbating or mitigating health
and educational disparities due to the COVID pandemic.
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health><economic><effects following the COVID-19 pandemic><elementary school><enroll><ethnic based disparity><ethnic disadvantage><ethnic disparity><ethnic inequality><ethnic inequity><ethnicity disparity><food resource><grade school><group disparity><group inequality><group inequity><health care><health disparity><high school><impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><income disparities><incomes><inequalities among populations><inequalities between populations><inequalities in populations><inequality across populations><inequality among groups><inequality between groups><inequality due to race><inequality in access><inequality in groups><inequitable effect><inequitable impact><inequitable outcome><inequities among populations><inequities between populations><inequities in populations><inequity across groups><inequity across populations><inequity between groups><inequity due to race><inequity in access><inequity in accessibility><inequity in groups><insight><kids><life course><longitudinal database><member><mental health care><mental healthcare><outcome disparities><outcome inequality><outcome inequity><pandemic><pandemic disease><pandemic effect><pandemic impact><pandemic outcome><pandemic repercussions><population health><population inequality><population inequity><post-COVID><post-COVID-19><post-coronavirus disease 2019><pre-pandemic><public health priorities><race based disparity><race based inequality><race based inequity><race disparity><race related disparity><race related inequality><race related inequity><racial><racial background><racial disparity><racial inequality><racial inequity><racial origin><racially unequal><remedial/special education><resilience><resilient><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><social><social role><subgroup disparity><unequal effect><unequal group><unequal impact><unequal outcome><unequal population><vaccinate against COVID-19><vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2><vaccinate against coronavirus disease 2019><vaccinate against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><vaccination acceptability><vaccination acceptance><vaccination access><vaccination against COVID-19><vaccination against SARS-CoV-2><vaccination against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019><vaccination availability><vaccination confidence><vaccination uptake><vaccination willingness><vaccine acceptability><vaccine acceptance><vaccine access><vaccine availability><vaccine confidence><vaccine uptake><vaccine willingness><well-being><wellbeing><youngster>