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Principal Investigator: CAROL L GALLETLY
Organization: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
Fiscal Year: 2024
Award: $541,052
Funding agency: National Institute of Nursing Research
Over 44 million immigrants live in the US, and nearly half (44%) are Latinx. Historically, US immigrants
have been reluctant to engage in public health infectious disease control measures such as testing, contact
tracing, vaccination, and prompt medical care. Yet the public's cooperation is essential if infectious disease
control measures are to succeed, especially among a marginalized subpopulation such as Latinx immigrants.
Increasingly, commentators have noted the potential for immigration laws and concerns to deter
immigrants from engaging in communicable disease control measures. This may be especially true for
conditions of immigration significance that can be shrouded with negative legal and social connotations.
Findings from our studies of Latinx immigrants' immigration concerns related to largely individual-level public
health interventions--specifically use of services for HIV testing, substance use disorders and intimate partner
violence--confirms commentators' concerns, (1R01MD011573 PI: Galletly) and our preliminary study of Latinx
immigrants' legal concerns relevant to COVID testing, contact tracing, and treatment (R01MH091875-S1 PI:
Galletly) strongly suggest this influence applies to large scale, population-level disease control efforts as well.
The proposed study will extend our research on the influence of actual, and importantly, perceived,
immigration-related laws on Latinx immigrants' use of HIV prevention services to examine the influence of
these on Latinx immigrants' ability and willingness to engage in population-level disease control efforts where
government direction is more prominent. Specifically, we propose to leverage the recent increased public
awareness of public health disease control measures to examine the influence of actual and perceived
immigration-related laws on Latinx immigrants' willingness to engage in testing, contact tracing, and treatment
as recommended by public health representatives when indicated for tuberculosis, hepatitis C, and COVID-19.
Our interdisciplinary team of researchers, attorneys, community health workers and public health
representatives will collaborate on this mixed-methods, community-engaged study. Formative legal and
qualitative inquiry to identify the nature, extent, and influence of immigration-related law concerns will inform
the development of a de novo immigration law concerns measure to be administered to 1200 Latinx
immigrants living in two US regions with diverse immigration environments. Participants with diverse
documentation statuses, countries of origin, time spent in the US, and residence in rural/agricultural and urban
settings will be purposively sampled to further inform analysis of these complex behaviors.
Identifying actual and perceived legal barriers to immigrants' engagement in disease control measures
can only be useful if results are transferred to practice. We will explore, with public health personnel, how best
to support the rapid transfer of findings to practice. Given that US public health departments conduct, finance,
or advise virtually all communicable disease control efforts, they are an ideal conduit for this.
Terms: <AIDS Virus><AIDS prevention><AIDS test><AIDS/HIV test><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Address><Agriculture><Anti-HIV Positivity><Area><Attorneys><Awareness><Behavior><COVID crisis><COVID epidemic><COVID pandemic><COVID testing><COVID-19><COVID-19 crisis><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 era><COVID-19 global health crisis><COVID-19 global pandemic><COVID-19 health crisis><COVID-19 pandemic><COVID-19 period><COVID-19 public health crisis><COVID-19 testing><COVID-19 years><COVID19 testing><CV-19><Caring><Charge><Cities><Clinical Specialist in Community Health Nursing><Collaborations><Communicable Disease Contact Tracing><Communicable Disease Control><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Community Health Aides><Community Health Nurse><Community Health Nurse Specialist><Community Health Nursing><Complex><Contact Tracing><Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019><Country><County><Development><Disease Management><Disorder Management><Documentation><Environment><Feedback><Focus Groups><Funding><Gender><Government><HCV infection><HIV><HIV Positive><HIV Positivity><HIV Prevention><HIV Seroconversion><HIV Seropositivity><HIV antibody positive><HIV test><HIV-1 test><HIV-2 test><HIV/AIDS prevention><HTLV-III Seroconversion><HTLV-III Seropositivity><Health><Health Care Providers><Health Personnel><Healthcare Providers><Healthcare worker><Hepatitis B><Hepatitis C><Hepatitis C virus infection><Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted><Hepatitus C><Household><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Human immunodeficiency virus test><Immigrant><Immigration><Individual><Infection><Infectious Disease Contact Tracing><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><Interview><Investigators><LAV-HTLV-III><Latine><Latinx><Laws><Lawyers><Legal><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><M tuberculosis infection><M. tb infection><M. tuberculosis infection><M.tb infection><M.tuberculosis infection><MTB infection><Measures><Medical><Methods><Modeling><Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection><Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection><Nature><Occupational><Participant><Pattern><Perception><Policies><Population><Process><Public Health><Public Health Nurses><Public Health Nursing><Public Health Practice><Recommendation><Reporting><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Rural><SARS-CoV-2 epidemic><SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 testing><SARS-coronavirus-2 epidemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic><Sampling><Scanning><Sentinel><Services><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 epidemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 pandemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic><Severities><Structure><Substance Use Disorder><Survey Instrument><Surveys><TB infection><Testing><Time><Translating><Transmission><Tuberculosis><Vaccination><Viral Hepatitis B><Virus-HIV><Work><Writing><behavior influence><behavioral influence><community based organizations><community engaged participatory research><community engaged research><community health worker><community organizations><community partnered research><community-engaged study><community-partnered study><coronavirus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019 crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 global health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 public health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 testing><coronavirus disease crisis><coronavirus disease epidemic><coronavirus disease pandemic><coronavirus disease testing><coronavirus disease-19><coronavirus disease-19 global pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 pandemic><coronavirus infectious disease-19><coronavirus testing><data exchange><data transfer><data transmission><developmental><disease control><disorder control><disseminated TB><disseminated tuberculosis><experience><health care personnel><health care worker><health provider><health workforce><healthcare personnel><hep C><hepatitis non A non B><infection by hepatitis c virus><infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis><interventional strategy><intimate partner violence><marginalization><medical personnel><member><metropolitan><non A, non B hepatitis><non-A, non-B hepatitis><pilot test><prevention service><public health intervention><residence><residential building><residential site><response><screening><screenings><serum hepatitis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing><social><social stigma><stigma><substance use and disorder><success><testing for COVID><testing of COVID><transmission process><treatment provider><tuberculosis infection><tuberculous spondyloarthropathy><urban environment><urban setting><virtual><willingness>