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Principal Investigator: Trenette Clark Goings
Organization: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
Fiscal Year: 2024
Award: $377,477
Funding agency: National Institute on Drug Abuse
PROJECT SUMMARY
The biracial population is the second-fastest growing demographic group in the US. Biracial adolescents
also have higher risks of substance use as well as violent behavior, school problems, and poor physical and
mental health than many of their monoracial peers. However, little is known about substance use prevention
and interventions in this population. Historically, biracial youth have been either ignored in research or their
many subgroups have been combined into a single “multiracial” category, potentially obscuring clinically
relevant patterns. Moreover, no accepted model explains the factors that increase or decrease the risk of
substance use among biracial youth. Discoveries made during the course of the proposed research will help
accelerate the refinement of existing prevention and intervention programs for biracial adolescents and
emerging adults, and will speed translation of its findings into public health practice.
We propose to study the 4 subgroups of biracial youth that our prior research has shown to have the
highest risk of substance use, namely biracial White-American Indian, White-Asian, White-Black, and White-
Hispanic youth. In doing so, we will also test a newly developed model, the Double Jeopardy Hypothesis, that
we propose to explain biracial substance use patterns. According to this model, biracial individuals experience
not only the common risk factors for substance use, which are also experienced by monoracial youth but also a
second set of risks unique to being biracial in America.
This study takes advantage of existing data from two large, longitudinal and nationally representative
databases that include adequate numbers of biracial persons to allow the sample to be divisible into subgroups,
as well as multiple measures of social determinants of health (e.g., perceived discrimination, racial
socialization), substance use, and other behavioral and physical outcomes. The first, Monitoring the Future,
followed students from middle-/high-school through age 55 years. The second, the National Longitudinal
Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, followed students from age 11 to 42 years.
After integrating the two datasets using integrative data analysis to study adolescents and emerging
adults ages 13-25 years old (Aim 1), we will determine the onset, prevalence, and developmental trajectories of
substance use (i.e., cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and polydrug use) from adolescence to emerging adulthood
(ages 13-25) (Aim 2). Last, we will explore the relationships of common and unique risk and protective factors
(in the individual, family, peer, school, and community domains) for substance use among biracial adolescents
and emerging adults, examining evidence for the proposed Double Jeopardy Hypothesis (Aim 3).
Findings will inform more effective and inclusive prevention approaches for an understudied but rapidly
growing sector. If accurate, the Double Jeopardy Hypothesis will provide insight into the lived experience of
biracial adolescents and emerging adults, forming a framework for future research on a range of outcomes.
Terms: <12-20 years old><21+ years old><Acceleration><Adolescence><Adolescent><Adolescent Youth><Adult><Adult Human><Affect><Age><Age of Onset><Alaska Native group><Alaska Native individual><Alaska Native people><Alaska Native population><Alcohol Drinking><Alcohol consumption><American><American Indian><American Indian Population><American Indian group><American Indian individual><American Indian people><American Indians><Approaches to prevention><Asian><Asian Americans><Asian group><Asian individual><Asian people><Asian population><Asians><Behavioral><Black><Black American><Black race><Buffers><Categories><Caucasian><Caucasian Race><Caucasians><Caucasoid><Caucasoid Race><Causality><Censuses><Child Rearing><Clinical><Communities><Data><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><Data Bases><Data Set><Databases><Development><EtOH drinking><EtOH use><Ethnic Group><Ethnic People><Ethnic Population><Ethnic individual><Ethnicity People><Ethnicity Population><Etiology><Exhibits><Exposure to><Face><Family><Future><General Population><General Public><Generalized Growth><Growth><Guide prevention><Health><High Prevalence><Hispanic><Individual><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><Literature><Lived experience><Lived experiences><Longitudinal Studies><Measures><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Minority><Modeling><Monitor><NIDA><National Institute of Drug Abuse><National Institute on Drug Abuse><Occidental><Outcome><Parent-Child Relations><Parent-Child Relationship><Parenting><Parenting behavior><Pattern><Peer Pressure><Persons><Phase><Population><Prevalence><Prevention><Prevention approach><Prevention program><Primary Prevention><Principal Investigator><Psychological Health><Public Health Practice><Race><Races><Racial Group><Research><Risk><Risk Behaviors><Risk Factors><Risky Behavior><Sample Size><Sampling><Schools><Science><Severities><Socialization><Speed><Students><Subgroup><THC co-use><THC use><Testing><Tetrahydrocannabinol co-use><Tetrahydrocannabinol use><Tissue Growth><Translating><Translations><Violence><Work><Youth><Youth 10-21><adolescence (12-20)><adolescent substance use><adulthood><ages><alcohol ingestion><alcohol intake><alcohol product use><alcohol use><alcoholic beverage consumption><alcoholic drink intake><at risk behavior><bi-racial><biracial><black ethnic subgroup><black subgroup><cannabis use><caucasian American><causation><childrearing><cigarette smoking><cigarette use><clinical relevance><clinically relevant><data base><data interpretation><developmental><deviant peer><disease causation><early adulthood><emerging adult><emerging adulthood><ethanol consumption><ethanol drinking><ethanol ingestion><ethanol intake><ethanol product use><ethanol use><ethnic subgroup><ethnicity group><experience><experienced discrimination><faces><facial><high risk><high school><improved><insight><intervention program><interventional strategy><junior high><junior high school><juvenile><juvenile human><long-term study><longitudinal outcome studies><longterm study><marijuana use><middle school><multi-racial><multidrug use><multiple drug use><multiracial><ontogeny><parent child interaction><parent offspring interaction><peer><perceived discrimination><perception of discrimination><physical conditioning><physical health><poly drug use><polydrug use><prevent substance use><programs><protective factors><racial><racial background><racial origin><racial population><racial subgroup><risk mitigation><self esteem><self-reported discrimination><social health determinants><socio-demographics><sociodemographics><substance use><substance use among adolescents><substance use among youth><substance use prevention><substance using><translation><violent><violent behavior><white American><white race><youth substance use>