Antibody responses to viruses
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Principal Investigator: Christian Mayer Organization: DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI Fiscal Year: 2021 Award: $7,906 Funding agency: National Cancer Institute This research was primarily carried out by the cooperating laboratories. Through the use of single-cell BCR cloning and other techniques, antibody responses were characterized in patients with a history of SARS-CoV2 infection, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection / vaccination, as well as in animals infected with the simian immunodeficiency HIV chimeric virus (SHIV). One study found that SHIV-infected macaques develop a type of broadly-neutralizing antibodies resembling those found in humans, although some differences were also identified and characterized. In another study, the antibody response to SARS-CoV2 was assessed in patients that recovered from SARS-CoV2 infection. One patient showing the highest serum IgG neutralizing ability was selected to further characterize the response and to clone monoclonal antibodies. This work identified several distinct epitopes on the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV2 spike protein that are targeted by the identified monoclonal antibodies. Interestingly, the epitope type was associated with antibody features such as neutralizing ability and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. One especially potent and cross-neutralizing antibody without ADE was identified in that study and is under further investigation. Collectively, these studies improve our understanding of human antibody responses to different viruses. Terms: <2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><2019-nCoV><2019-nCoV S protein><2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein><2019-nCoV spike protein><7S Gamma Globulin><AIDS Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Animals><Antibodies><Antibody Response><Antibody-Dependent Enhancement><Antigenic Determinants><Binding Determinants><Blood Serum><COVID-19 S protein><COVID-19 infection><COVID-19 spike glycoprotein><COVID-19 spike protein><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 S protein><COVID19 infection><COVID19 spike glycoprotein><COVID19 spike protein><COVID19 virus><Cell Body><Cells><Clinical Treatment Moab><Cloning><CoV-2><CoV2><Epitopes><Goals><HBV><HIV><Hepatitis B Virus><History><Homologous Serum Hepatitis Virus><Human><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><IgG><Immunodeficiency Disorder><Immunodeficiency Syndrome><Immunoglobulin G><Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes><Immunological Deficiency Syndromes><Infection><Investigation><Knowledge><LAV-HTLV-III><Laboratories><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><Macaca><Macaque><Modern Man><Monoclonal Antibodies><Patients><Recording of previous events><Research><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV-2 S protein><SARS-CoV-2 infection><SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein><SARS-CoV-2 spike protein><SARS-CoV2><SARS-CoV2 S protein><SARS-CoV2 infection><SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein><SARS-CoV2 spike protein><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Serum><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 S protein><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Techniques><Therapeutic><Vaccination><Vaccines><Viral Diseases><Virus><Virus Diseases><Virus-HIV><Work><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 S protein><coronavirus disease 2019 infection><coronavirus disease 2019 spike glycoprotein><coronavirus disease 2019 spike protein><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><design><designing><hCoV19><hypoimmunity><immune deficiency disorder><immunodeficiency><improved><infected with COVID-19><infected with COVID19><infected with SARS-CoV-2><infected with SARS-CoV2><infected with coronavirus disease 2019><infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><mAbs><nCoV2><neutralizing antibody><receptor binding><receptor bound><response><viral infection><virus infection><virus-induced disease>