Antibody responses to viruses

NIH Pandemic-Era Grants

Pandemic Era Grants

2022

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Principal Investigator: Christian  Mayer
Organization: DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI
Fiscal Year: 2022
Award: $9,313
Funding agency: National Cancer Institute

This research was primarily carried out by the cooperating laboratories. One study      characterized several monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct epitopes on the SARS-CoV2 spike      protein. One especially potent antibody, XG014, was capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV2 as well      as its variants and related viruses (e.g. SARS-CoV) in vitro without displaying an      antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect seen for some SARS-CoV2 antibodies. XG014 also      protected hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV2 infection. Structural analyses revealed that      XG014 has a unique mode of action by recognizing a conserved epitope outside the ACE2 binding      site, thereby locking the spike protein in a conformation unable to bind ACE2. In contrast,      other antibody family members directly contacted the ACE2 binding site to prevent ACE2      binding. This research shed new light into the human antibody response to SARS-CoV2 and helped      to understand the mechanism of action of a broadly neutralizing beta coronavirus      antibody.

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