Omics analysis of HIV during synthetic opioid exposure
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Principal Investigator: JASON T BLACKARD Organization: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Fiscal Year: 2020 Award: $150,215 Funding agency: National Institute on Drug Abuse Abstract In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, China, and the causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Additionally, the US is in the midst of a major opioid epidemic largely attributed to synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is occurring in parts of the world where recent increases in HIV due to the opioid crisis have been reported. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there are major concerns about worsening of the opioid crisis. People suffering from addiction are particularly vulnerable to increased infection with SARS-CoV-2 and more advanced disease severity. Many opioids are also associated with immune suppression and enhanced viral pathogenesis. Thus, foundational research on virus-virus and virus-opioid interactions is essential for understanding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on other co- morbid conditions and for developing robust therapeutic options for limiting viral infection and pathogenesis in high-risk populations. Terms: <2019 novel coronavirus><2019-nCoV><AIDS Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Actiq><Anti-HIV Positivity><Antiviral Agents><Antiviral Drugs><Antivirals><Area><BSL-3 facility><BSL3 facility><Basal Transcription Factor><Basal transcription factor genes><Blood monocyte><CD4 Cells><CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes><CD4 T cells><CD4 helper T cell><CD4 lymphocyte><CD4+ T-Lymphocyte><CD4-Positive Lymphocytes><COVID-19><COVID19><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Chemical Dependence><China><CoV emergence><Data><Disease Outbreaks><Disease Progression><Drug Addiction><Drug Dependence><Drug Dependency><Drugs><Duragesic><Epidemiology><Fentanest><Fentanyl><Fentyl><Food and Drug Administration><Foundations><Future><General Transcription Factor Gene><General Transcription Factors><Generalized Growth><Growth><HIV><HIV Infections><HIV Positive><HIV Positivity><HIV Seroconversion><HIV Seropositivity><HIV antibody positive><HTLV-III Infections><HTLV-III Seroconversion><HTLV-III Seropositivity><HTLV-III-LAV Infections><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections><Immunosuppression><Immunosuppression Effect><Immunosuppressive Effect><In Vitro><Infection><Injecting drug user><Injection Drug User><Institutes><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Investigators><LAV-HTLV-III><Location><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><Mainland China><Marrow monocyte><Medication><Medicine><Micro RNA><MicroRNAs><Morbidity><Morbidity - disease rate><NIDA><Names><National Institute of Drug Abuse><National Institute on Drug Abuse><Ohio><Opiate Receptors><Opiates><Opioid><Opioid Receptor><Outbreaks><Overdose><PBMC><PWID><Parents><Pathogenesis><Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell><Persons><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Phentanyl><Pneumonia><Population Study><Prevalence><Proteins><Publishing><Reporting><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Risk><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severity of illness><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><Substance abuse problem><System><T4 Cells><T4 Lymphocytes><Testing><Therapeutic><Tissue Growth><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><Transcription factor genes><Transmission><USFDA><United States Food and Drug Administration><Universities><Vaccines><Viral><Viral Diseases><Viral Pathogenesis><Virus><Virus Activation><Virus Diseases><Virus Induction><Virus Replication><Virus-HIV><Work><Wuhan coronavirus><abuse of substances><abused drug><abused drugs><addiction><addictive disorder><advanced disease><advanced illness><anti-viral agents><anti-viral drugs><anti-virals><biological signal transduction><biosafety level 3 facility><cell type><co-infection><co-morbid><co-morbidity><coinfection><college><collegiate><comorbidity><corona virus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019><coronavirus emergence><disease severity><drug abused><drug of abuse><drug/agent><drugs abused><drugs of abuse><emergent CoV><emergent coronavirus><emerging CoV><emerging coronavirus><epidemiologic><epidemiological><high risk group><high risk population><immune suppression><in vivo><innovate><innovation><innovative><macrophage><miRNA><miRNAs><monocyte><mortality><nCoV><new CoV><new coronavirus><novel CoV><novel coronavirus><ontogeny><opiate crisis><opiate exposed><opiate exposure><opiate overdose><opiate related overdose><opiate use disorder><opioid crisis><opioid drug overdose><opioid epidemic><opioid exposed><opioid exposure><opioid induced overdose><opioid intoxication><opioid medication overdose><opioid overdose><opioid poisoning><opioid related overdose><opioid toxicity><opioid use disorder><pandemic><pandemic disease><pathogenic virus><people who inject drugs><people who inject illicit drugs><persons who inject drugs><population-based study><population-level study><reactivation from latency><studies of populations><study of the population><substance abuse><synthetic opiate><synthetic opioid><transcription factor><transmission process><viral activation><viral induction><viral infection><viral multiplication><viral pathogen><viral replication><virology><virus infection><virus multiplication><virus pathogenesis><virus-induced disease>