Development of a COVID Vaccine Model in NHP

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Principal Investigator: ROBERT A SEDER
Organization: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Fiscal Year: 2024
Award: $845,146
Funding agency: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Over the past year we have focused on how mucosal vaccination influences immunity and protection against Omicron variants of concerned compared to conventional mRNA boosting. For these studies, NHP are immunized with mRNA 1273 as the standard primary vaccine and then boosted several months later with either a bivalent mRNA vaccine by the IM route or a replication defective viral vaccine given by a device that focuses the delivery to the nasal mucosa or lung. Immune responses are then assessed from blood, nasal washes and BAL to understand how the different vaccines and delivery approaches alter antibody and T cell responses. Both IgG and IgA responses are assessed.  Challenge is then done with the latest variant of concern (XBB 1.5) several months after the final boost to establish whether the vaccines provide durable protection against infection in the nasal wash or lung. 

We are continuing NHP studies to evaluate various mucosal vaccines and delivery devices to provide data for clinical studies. A focus will be on different formulations of vaccines and their ability to induce IgA responses in the upper and lower airway. Studies will compare mucosal vaccines against current mRNA vaccines given IM.  The goal is to assess mucosal vaccines and delivery devices in clinical trial for safety and immunogenicity in the upper and lower airway.

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