Combined archive search across FBI Vault, SPLC, PHMPT, ACIP, NIH grants, the Federal Writers' Project, and other collections we've ingested.
MARK J SHLOMCHIK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2020 · $566,843 — Immune memory is critical for pathogen resistance as well as for vaccine efficacy; it is a defining feature of adaptive immunity. To deepen our fundamental understanding of how immune memory works we have fo- cused on elucidating the inherent differences between memory B cells (MBC) and naïve B cell…
Heng Li · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · 2020 · $423,633 — PROJECT SUMMARY The repertoires of tumor-infiltrating T cells and B cells are rich sources of information about cancer-immune interactions and provide insights on cancer immunotherapy targets. Efforts have been made to characterize B/T cell repertoires in solid tumors using cell sorting followed by …
Zhilong Yang · KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $375,906 — Project Summary Although smallpox had been eradicated, the chance the virus could arise from unknown stocks or de novo synthesis remains a credible biothreat. Moreover, other poxviruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and economically important animals; and poxviruses are widely …
Paul Bates · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · 2020 · $535,986 — Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a pathogenic, tick-transmitted bunyavirus that can cause a severe febrile hemorrhagic-like disease with case fatality rates of up to 30%. Discovered during a 2009 outbreak of febrile illness in China, the geographic distribution of SFTSV e…
Gabriel D Victora · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $454,516 — PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Germinal centers (GCs) are site of antibody somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity maturation, and are therefore essential for effective humoral immune responses to pathogens. Efficient affinity maturation in GCs requires that B cells cycle between two different cell state…
Sina A Gharib · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2020 · $864,642 — PROJECT SUMMARY Melioidosis, a tropical infection commonly manifesting as acute pneumonia and sepsis in humans, is caused by the Gram-negative Tier 1 select agent Burkholderia pseudomallei and represents a global public health threat with an estimated 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths annually worldwi…
Koichi Araki · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · 2020 · $454,637 — CD8 T cells play an important role in controlling viral infections as well as intracellular bacterial and parasitic infections. It is now clear that CD8 T cells are also involved in immunity against tumors and there is considerable interest in cancer immunotherapy that stimulates CD8 T cell response…
Rachel Adria Katzenellenbogen · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · 2020 · $376,438 — PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) cause 5% of all cancers. There are preventive vaccines against HPV, but less than 2% of the world's target population has received them. This leaves millions of women and men at risk for HPV-associated cervical, anogenital, and hea…
Shinji Makino · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · 2020 · $237,000 — Rift Valley fever Phlebovirus (RVFV), a bunyavirus, belongs to the NIAID Category A list of pathogens and the CDC list of potential bioterrorism agents. RVFV causes a disease that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can emerge in explosive, mosquito-borne epidemics that decimate herds of sheep and …
Jinxiang Zhou · PURILOGICS, LLC · 2020 · $289,381 — Project Summary This SBIR Urgent Competitive Revision will develop the first affinity membrane to purify therapeutic mRNA with high selectivity and throughput. mRNA-based pharmaceuticals have potential to address a wide variety of pathologies. mRNA-based vaccines can increase safety and dramatically…
Zhilong Yang · TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE RESEARCH · 2020 · $378,750 — Project Summary Although smallpox had been eradicated, the chance the virus could arise from unknown stocks or de novo synthesis remains a credible biothreat. Moreover, other poxviruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and economically important animals; and poxviruses are widely …
Sujan Shresta · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · 2020 · $761,992 — ABSTRACT The long-term goal of this project is to develop a mRNA replicon-based vaccine that provides long-lived protection against the four serotypes of dengue (DENV1-4) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. To date, flavivirus vaccine development has focused almost exclusively on the induction of neutralizing …
ALAN REIN · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2020 · $601,601 — There appear to be several different modes of interaction between retroviral proteins and nucleic acids, each with important functional consequences for viral replication. First, an exquisitely specific recognition by the Gag polyprotein (the structural protein of the virus particle) selects the vir…
Christina Annunziata · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2020 · $560,328 — Goal 1: Monocytes It has been shown in mouse models of chemically induced cancer that Interferons (IFNs) are important in the immune-surveillance and immune-editing of tumors. While IFNs alpha (IFNa) and gamma (IFNg) have been shown to have potent anti-neoplastic and anti-proliferative properties in…
RICHARD CHILDS · NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE · 2020 · $3,038,595 — Approximately 20 years ago, we initiated the first ever clinical trail investigating allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with treatment refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Definitive evidence for an allogeneic graft-versus-RCC effect has been demonstrated with complete reg…
ROBERT A SEDER · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2020 · $1,847,416 — Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death from infection worldwide. Intradermal (ID) vaccination with BCG has variable efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis, the major cause of mortality and disease transmission. We showed that the route and dose of BCG vaccination alters circ…
Julie E. Ledgerwood · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2020 · $592,800 — The evaluation of a vaccine candidate targeting COVID-19 and collection of samples to support translational immunology research support the broader VRC mission. For this project, sample collection was conducted under the VRC 200 protocol while the evaluation of an investigational vaccine candidate …
Katrin Mayer-Barber · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2020 · $1,293,685 — The development of effective vaccines and host directed therapies (HDT) against M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires a detailed understanding of the cellular basis of protective immunity. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of protective adaptive immunity, yet relatively lit…
Nir Hacohen · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · 2020 · $230,484 — Project Summary The overall objective of the U19 is to discover the role of the PD-1 pathway in human immunity by studying the effects of therapeutic PD-1 blockade on immune responses to chronic viruses (Project 1) and preventive vaccines (Project 2). To monitor adaptive immune responses in patients…
Kai W Wucherpfennig · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · 2020 · $398,683 — Abstract T cells are central effector cells of protective anti-tumor immunity, but little is currently known about these important immune cells in human GBM. We have generated single-cell RNA-seq data on tumor-infiltrating T cell populations from GBM patients at initial diagnosis or relapse. We used…