Combined archive search across FBI Vault, SPLC, PHMPT, ACIP, NIH grants, the Federal Writers' Project, and other collections we've ingested.
JOHN D. AITCHISON · INTERNATIONAL AIDS VACCINE INITIATIVE · 2020 · $451,361 — PROJECT SUMMARY (Core C - Gene Expression Signatures) HIV has proven its ability to defeat all vaccine candidates tested to date. However, evidence in humans and model systems demonstrates that immune system is capable of generating antibodies that neutralize multiple HIV-1 viral strains. While t…
MICHAEL D GUNN · DUKE UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $160,934 — Historically, stimulation of humoral immunity in the form of antibodies has been the most effective means to provide protection against most viral infections. For this reason, almost all SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efforts are focused on stimulating humoral immunity. At the same time, there is evidence to su…
Paola Massari · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · 2019 · $247,500 — Project Summary Neisseria gonorrhoeae reproductive tract infections can lead to chronic and severe consequences in women, where diagnosis is frequently delayed by lack of symptoms, contrary to male infections. A once-simple antibiotic treatment gonococcal infection is now compromised by a worldwide …
Brian Geiss · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · 2019 · $374,993 — Approximately 2/3rd of the world population is at risk of infection by at least one of the 35 insect-borne flaviviruses known to cause disease in humans. There are currently few vaccines and no therapeutics available to treat patients infected by flaviviruses such as Dengue, Zika, and West Nile viru…
Michael Gerner · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2019 · $524,320 — The innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are integrally linked, with dendritic cells (DCs), innate antigen presenting cells, providing critical instructions to elicit the generation of adaptive T cell immunity. Using a novel analytical imaging approach, we recently uncovered that different …
Jesse Hong-Sae Erasmus · ACCESS TO ADVANCED HEALTH INSTITUTE · 2019 · $61,610 — PROJECT SUMMARY Viral replicons, or self-replicating RNA elements incapable of initiating a spreading infection, are traditionally packaged into virus particles, termed viral replicon particles (VRPs), for in vivo delivery. Alternatively, they can be encoded on a plasmid DNA and transfected for host…
Steven Edward Bosinger · EMORY UNIVERSITY · 2019 · $379,584 — DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the vast majority of vaccine trials, the primary readouts are empirical do not collect information about the immunological determinants of a vaccine's success or failure. In recent years, several vaccine studies have combined high-throughput transcriptomi…
Susan Leilani Fink · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2019 · $233,250 — Project Summary Zika virus (ZIKV) is a recently recognized global health threat due to the wide geographic distribution of risk and potential for severe consequences of infection. There remains no antiviral in clinical use for ZIKV, or any flavivirus, and many unanswered questions regarding the basi…
Alison Whitney Ashbrook · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · 2019 · $63,746 — PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Translation is a critical stage at which the abundance, timing, and localization of gene expression is regulated. In the case of infection, precise control of translational machinery and processes can determine whether an effective antiviral program is initiated or whether …
Antonella Casola · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · 2019 · $237,000 — PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Acute respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and in immunocompromised patients, as well as of asthma exac…
Barton F. Haynes · DUKE UNIVERSITY · 2019 · $3,659,615 — While HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) provide potent protection from HIV-1, to date they have been difficult to induce in the setting of vaccination. A second type of HIV-1 envelope (Env) antibodies that are easy to induce are termed non-neutralizing antibodies (NNAbs) (because they ar…
Rachel Fearns · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · 2019 · $529,282 — Marburg virus (MARV) belongs to the filovirus family and is highly pathogenic in humans. Despite being classified as Category A Priority Pathogen by NIAID, and its potential to cause large-scale outbreaks, similar to the recent Ebola virus outbreak, research on MARV lags significantly behind that on…
Isaac Jonathan Krauss · BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY · 2019 · $124,644 — Project Summary/Abstract An estimated 2.3 billion people live at risk of infection by the Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes microcephaly in newborns, as well as eye- and neurological defects, and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. Zika co-circulates in the same geographical …
HOMAYON GHIASI · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · 2019 · $472,500 — Project Summary Following ocular primary herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection, the virus replicates in the eye and establishes latency in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). In a latently infected individual, the virus can occasionally reactivate and travel back to the eye causing recurrent disea…
Ilhem Messaoudi · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · 2019 · $173,809 — Alcohol use disorder (AUD) contributes significantly to disease burden and mortality in the United States, with an annual healthcare cost of $223 billion and a death toll of nearly 88,000. Current methods to assess alcohol intake rely primarily on self-report surveys or biochemical measures of liver…
Rachel Adria Katzenellenbogen · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · 2019 · $196,875 — Human papillomavirus (HPV) affects up to 75% of adults and is categorized as high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) based on its association with cancer. Although there are preventive vaccines against specific HPV genotypes, immunizations have had poor uptake and completion. This leaves many women and men …
REN SUN · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · 2019 · $390,000 — Project Summary Influenza A virus causes disease in 5-20% of the population with over 200,000 hospitalizations annually in US. The antigen drift and shift of influenza virus pose a serious challenge for flu vaccination program. Although IFN response is known as the first important host defending mec…
Peter Deak · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · 2019 · $61,610 — Project Abstract: Dendritic cell (DC) antigen uptake and presentation is a crucial initial step in establishing adaptive immune responses. This project will characterize a small sub-set of DCs, called hyper-responder DCs, which display enhanced antigen uptake, immune activation and potentially initi…
Laimonis A. LAIMINS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · 2019 · $344,835 — PROJECT SUMMARY Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical, anal and many oral cancers. While prophylactic vaccines to prevent HPV infections have been developed, there is no effective therapeutic treatment for existing HPV lesions. It is therefore of critical importance to un…
SIMON R BEST · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2019 · $196,433 — Dr. Simon Best is a junior faculty member in the Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine where his clinical practice is dedicated to voice and airway disorders. With the support of this Mentored Career Development Award, Dr. Best seeks to better u…