Combined archive search across FBI Vault, SPLC, PHMPT, ACIP, NIH grants, the Federal Writers' Project, and other collections we've ingested.
JOHN N GALGIANI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · 2020 · $563,465 — Project Summary Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) is a serious public health problem for the Southwestern United States and all who visit there. A small proportion of infections result in progressive, debilitating, even life-threatening illness (disseminated coccidioidomycosis or DCM). All evidence …
JOHN H. SAMPSON · DUKE UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $584,463 — ABSTRACT We have previously reported in Nature that patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) randomized to receiving vaccines against Cytomegalovirus (CMV) using a potent vaccine site preconditioning regimen had a statistically significant increase in progression-free survival (PFS) and over…
Rachel Fearns · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · 2020 · $534,809 — Marburg virus (MARV) belongs to the filovirus family and is highly pathogenic in humans. Despite being classified as Category A Priority Pathogen by NIAID, and its potential to cause large-scale outbreaks, similar to the recent Ebola virus outbreak, research on MARV lags significantly behind that on…
Daniel Pearce Depledge · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · 2020 · $545,420 — 7. PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Chemical modification of mRNA provides a powerful means to dynamically alter gene expression in eukaryotes via epitranscriptomic changes. In particular, methylation of adenosine at the N6 position (m6A) constitutes the most widespread internal base modification to mRNA.…
Richard B Kennedy · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · 2020 · $792,332 — ABSTRACT The broad long-term goal of this application is to identify innate and T helper (Th) cell transcriptomic signatures of immune response and further our understanding of sex-dependent human immune responses to two unique influenza A/H3N2 vaccines in a population of older adult males and femal…
Alison Whitney Ashbrook · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $69,306 — PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Translation is a critical stage at which the abundance, timing, and localization of gene expression is regulated. In the case of infection, precise control of translational machinery and processes can determine whether an effective antiviral program is initiated or whether …
Paul Michael Armistead · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · 2020 · $450,736 — DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Chronic and acute leukemias are responsible for ~25,000 deaths annually in the US - a mortality rate that represents ~5% of all cancer related deaths. While leukemias are susceptible to antigen-specific T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, leukemia antigen (LA) di…
Clayton C Caswell · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · 2020 · $195,705 — Project Summary Brucella spp. are bacteria that naturally infect a variety of domesticated and wild animals leading to abortions and sterility, and these bacteria are also capable of causing debilitating human infections, which often result from human exposure to infected animals and animal product…
JOSEPH M FOX · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · 2020 · $315,259 — Project Summary The goal of this Center of Biomedical Research Excellence is to continue our efforts to develop molecular approaches for probing biology, to discover and apply new chemical biology tools for the study of biological pathways associated with disease, and to develop computational approa…
Jesse Hong-Sae Erasmus · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2020 · $44,294 — PROJECT SUMMARY Viral replicons, or self-replicating RNA elements incapable of initiating a spreading infection, are traditionally packaged into virus particles, termed viral replicon particles (VRPs), for in vivo delivery. Alternatively, they can be encoded on a plasmid DNA and transfected for host…
Brian Geiss · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $407,060 — SARS-CoV-2 must cap and methylate its mRNAs to ensure their stability, translatability, and avoid detection by host innate immune mechanism as non-self transcripts. The process of RNA capping, therefore, is pivotal to the success of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. It also represents a key contributor to the…
David M Koelle · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2020 · $172,599 — Project Summary: The waning of immunity has a major impact on morbidity and mortality in the aged. Antigen-specific, acquired, and especially T-cellular is important in host defense against chronic intracellular pathogens and cancer. Infections with these microbes and skin cancers with high mutation…
Scott Eric Hensley · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · 2020 · $807,420 — As early as 1960, Thomas Francis Jr. first noted that antibody responses to early childhood influenza virus infections are preferentially recalled later in life upon exposure to antigenically distinct viral strains. He coined the phrase ‘original antigenic sin’ to describe this phenomena. We recentl…
Henry Charles Mwandumba · CORNELL UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $676,988 — Our recent advances in the use of fluorescent fitness reporter Mtb strains in the murine TB model has afforded us a unique appreciation of the role of macrophage lineages in both the control and promotion of Mtb growth. Moreover, the extension of these observations through the successful development…
Yuan Shi · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · 2020 · $390,000 — Project Summary Influenza A virus causes disease in 5-20% of the population with over 200,000 hospitalizations annually in US. The antigen drift and shift of influenza virus pose a serious challenge for flu vaccination program. Although IFN response is known as the first important host defending mec…
ALASDAIR C. STEVEN · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES · 2020 · $362,643 — In a continuing collaboration with E. Freed (NCI), we analyzed the role of a conserved Pro-Pro-Ile-Pro (PPIP) motif (CA residues 122-125 in the loop connecting helices 6 and 7 of CA) in HIV-1 assembly. Prior data indicated that the mutations P122A and I124A impair release, infectivity, and replicati…
Steven M Wolinsky · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · 2020 · $562,516 — PROJECT SUMMARY The innate immune recognition of dengue virus infection triggers antiviral immune responses; however, there is little information about how the virus regulates these measures or how these responses affect dengue virus (DENV) disease pathogenesis and immunity. System biology approa…
Barney Graham · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · 2020 · $1,309,145 — While the outbreak of ZIKV in the Americas is likely to subside in the next 1-2 years, there is going to be an ongoing risk of congenital Zika syndrome in babies born to mothers exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy. There is no licensed vaccine or treatment to combat ZIKV infection. Because of the urgen…
FRANK J GONZALEZ · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2020 · $866,441 — Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that highly increases the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer, and there are few therapeutic options available in the clinic. While virus-induced hepatitis has been sharply reduced with vaccine applicatio…
George N. Pavlakis · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · 2020 · $1,511,661 — An important goal of this project continues to be the generation and testing of maximally efficient expression vectors for specific antigens. Our hypothesis is that the DNA vaccine dose is suboptimal for many human applications; therefore, increased efficiency is necessary for practical human DNA va…