A Blueprint for Intelligent Economies 2025

Endnotes 1. Constellation. (2024). Constellation to Launch Crane Clean Energy Center, Restoring Jobs and Carbon-Free Power to the Grid. https://www.constellationenergy.com/newsroom/2024/Constellation-to-Launch-Crane-Clean-Energy-Center- Restoring-Jobs-and-Carbon-Free-Power-to-The-Grid.html. 2. World Bank Group. (2024). World Bank Group Launches Renewable Energy Initiative to Enhance Energy Security and Affordability in Europe and Central Asia. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2024/03/28/world-bank- group-launches-renewable-energy-initiative-to-enhance-energy-security-and-affordability-in-europe-and-central. 3. Learn more in the Forum’s 2024 white paper, Artificial Intelligence’s Energy Paradox: Balancing Challenges and Opportunities. 4. U.S. Economic Development Administration (EDA). (n.d.). New York SMART I-Corridor Tech Hub. https://www.eda.gov/ funding/programs/regional-technology-and-innovation-hubs/2023/NY-SMART-I-Corridor-Tech-Hub. 5. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2023). Statistics. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/pages/stat/default.aspx. 6. Global Digital Public Infrastructure Repository (GDPIR). (n.d.). UPI. https://www.dpi.global/globaldpi/upi. 7. India Ministry of External Affairs. (2023). G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration. https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/CPV/G20- New-Delhi-Leaders-Declaration.pdf. 8. Grand View Research. (2023). AI Infrastructure Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Component (Hardware, Software, Services), By Technology (Machine Learning, Deep Learning), By Application, By Deployment, By End-user, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2024-2030. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/ai-infrastructure- market-report#:~:text=The%20global%20AI%20infrastructure%20market%20size%20was%20estimated,a%20 CAGR%20of%2030.4%25%20from%202024%20to%202030. 9. Stanford University. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2024. https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/ uploads/2024/05/HAI_AI-Index-Report-2024.pdf. 10. Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, State of Qatar. (2023). Qatar signs MoU in the field of Communication and Information technology with Rwanda. https://www.mcit.gov.qa/en/media-center/news/qatar-signs- mou-field-communication-and-information-technology-rwanda. 11. Digital For Life. (n.d.). Home. https://www.digitalforlife.gov.sg/. 12. Fujitsu Limited. (2024). Release of “Fugaku-LLM” – a large language model trained on the supercomputer “Fugaku”. https://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/resources/news/press-releases/2024/0510-01.html. 13. Feris, R. and K. Martineau. (2023). What is synthetic data? IBM. https://research.ibm.com/blog/what-is-synthetic-data. 14. Bhatia, A. (2024). When A.I.’s Output Is a Threat to A.I. Itself. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/ interactive/2024/08/26/upshot/ai-synthetic-data.html. 15. World Economic Forum. (2024). Advancing Data Equity: An Action-Oriented Framework. https://www.weforum.org/ publications/advancing-data-equity-an-action-oriented-framework/. 16. Cherney, M. A. (2023). UAE’s G42 launches open source Arabic language AI model. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/ technology/uaes-g42-launches-open-source-arabic-language-ai-model-2023-08-30/. 17. CoHere. (2024). Policy Primer – The AI Language Gap. https://cohere.com/research/papers/policy-primer-the-ai- language-gap-2024-06-27. 18. Microsoft. (2023). Microsoft Announces Intent to Expand Cloud Regions through Saudi Arabia Datacenter. https://news. microsoft.com/en-xm/features/microsoft-announces-intent-to-expand-cloud-regions-through-saudi-arabia-datacenter/. 19. World Economic Forum. (n.d.). The Digital Trust Framework. https://initiatives.weforum.org/digital-trust/framework. 20. World Economic Forum. (2024). Governance in the Age of Generative AI: A 360° Approach for Resilient Policy and Regulation. https://www.weforum.org/publications/governance-in-the-age-of-generative-ai/. 21. World Economic Forum. (2023). Data Free Flow with Trust: Overcoming Barriers to Cross-Border Data Flows. https://www.weforum.org/publications/data-free-flow-with-trust-overcoming-barriers-to-cross-border-data-flows/. 22. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2023). Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/recommendation-ethics-artificial-intelligence. 23. Paule, L. G. (2024). UNESCO launches Global AI Ethics and Governance Observatory at the 2024 Global Forum on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. EU Digital Skills & Jobs Platform. https://digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu/en/latest/news/unesco- launches-global-ai-ethics-and-governance-observatory-2024-global-forum-ethics. 24. Brown, P . T., D. Wilson, K. West, K. Escott, et al. (2024). Māori Algorithmic Sovereignty: Idea, Principles, and Use. Data Science Journal, vol. 23, pp. 1-16. https://datascience.codata.org/articles/1639/files/660bde3010db2.pdf. 25. Council of Europe. (2024). Council of Europe Treaty Series – No. 225: Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. https://rm.coe.int/1680afae3c. 26. United Nations. (2024). Governing AI For Humanity. https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/governing_ai_for_humanity_ final_report_en.pdf. Blueprint for Intelligent Economies 19