5 Accelerating breakthrough science: Leading AI firms have demonstrated in recent years how AI can significantly accelerate scientific progress by unlocking entirely new research possibilities in fields like biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. Nuclear fusion, for instance, holds immense promise as a potential source of limitless, carbon-free energy. To address the major engineering challenges required to unlock this promising technology, a leading company in the AI space collaborated with the Swiss Plasma Center to develop an AI system capable of predicting and controlling plasma behaviour in a tokamak-style fusion reactor.73 The cutting- edge system can “sculpt” plasma into various experimental shapes – thereby advancing understanding of how to control plasma and, ultimately, harness nuclear fusion as a sustainable energy source. Future of healthcare: AlphaFold is an advanced AI system using diffusion models that accurately predicts the 3D protein structure from an amino acid sequence. AlphaFold’s exceptional accuracy has greatly accelerated scientific research, enabling better understanding of diseases and faster discovery of new drugs. By providing structural insights into over 200 million proteins, AlphaFold has the potential to transform fields like medicine, biotechnology and molecular biology.74 AI for material science with sequential learning: Merck employed a sequential learning platform to develop advanced semiconductor manufacturing materials. The platform generated chemical descriptors and predicted key properties for various formulations, rapidly identifying fundamental relationships and optimization potential. Ultimately, the model pinpointed only the few most relevant highest-performing formulations. This AI-driven approach successfully navigated a complex multi-parameter space and significantly saved experimental costs in the order of hundreds of thousands of euros per campaign, ultimately leading to efficient customer sampling of new materials optimized for sensitivity and reduced defectivity.CASE STUDY 17 Using AI to accelerate science progress 6 Bridging languages, cultures and communities: AI-powered universal translation has the potential to transform global interactions by providing precise, professional- grade translations across languages and dialects. It breaks down communication barriers, promotes inclusivity and expands the reach of local cultures. This technology can equalize educational opportunities by making learning materials universally accessible, enhance healthcare through effective multilingual communication and support global business by streamlining collaboration and trade. It promotes cultural exchange through art and media, democratizes information and empowers societies in an interconnected world while also preserving endangered languages by giving them global exposure and relevance. Translated and Cineca are collaborating to develop an advanced AI translation system using one of the world’s most powerful supercomputers, Leonardo. By using a unique 15-year dataset and 10 million GPU (graphics processing units) training hours, they aim to create an AI translation model with an error rate of less than three per thousand words, initially focusing on Italian- English translations. This private-public project will result in an open-source language model with the potential to significantly improve machine translation capabilities.75CASE STUDY 18 Towards universal translation AI Governance Alliance: Transformation of Industries in the Age of AI 24

AI in Action Beyond Experimentation to Transform Industry 2025