Mitigation 1 Energy supply & optimization2 Industrials & buildings3 Transportation & mobility4 Food, agriculture & land use5 Carbon & methane management6 Circularity & waste management7 Financial & enabling solutions 1.1 Renewable power2.1 Low-carbon materials3.1 Road transportation electrification4.1 Green fertilizers5.1 Carbon capture utilization & storage (CCUS)6.1 Sorting technology7.1 Carbon measurement & accounting 1.2 Geothermal energy2.2 Building energy management & automation, incl. EMS13.2 Aviation & marine propulsion4.2 Alternative proteins5.2 Gas capture, incl. methane6.2 Paper & wood recycling7.2 Carbon markets & services 1.3 Nuclear power2.3 Machinery efficiency3.3 Sustainable logistics4.3 Farming technologies5.3 Engineered carbon removal solutions6.3 Plastics recycling7.3 Sustainable finance solutions 1.4 Waste-to-energy (e.g. for biomass & gas)2.4 Industrial green heat3.4 Electric charging infrastructure5.4 Nature-based carbon removal solutions6.4 Metals, batteries & e-waste recycling 1.5 Hydrogen & derivatives2.5 Green packaging3.5 Biofuels6.5 Construction & demolition waste (CDW) recycling 1.6 Energy storage2.6 Green heating3.6 Synthetic fuels & e-fuels6.6 Textile recycling 1.7 Electricity grids 1.8 Flexibility management 1.9 Distributed energy 1.10 District energy 1.11 Energy contracting & energy service companiesWhat is the green economy? There is no uniform definition of the green economy.12 In this report, the green economy refers to commercial solutions with a clear environmental purpose or solutions that are a direct response to environmental challenges. This covers both mitigation and adaptation and resilience, from advanced clean technologies to nascent agri-tech solutions. Examples include renewable energy, electric vehicles, low-carbon food products, climate-resilient construction materials, textile recycling, green finance, carbon-measurement tech and services, and more. This market landscape definition covers seven major industry segments in mitigation (see Table 1) and seven impact themes in adaptation and resilience (see Table 2), which further divide into ~100 subsegments. Note: 1. EMS = energy management system. Source: Boston Consulting Group.13Green economy landscape – mitigation segments The green economy landscape covers seven major industry segments in mitigationTABLE 1 Already a Multi-Trillion-Dollar Market: CEO Guide to Growth in the Green Economy 9

Already a Multi-Trillion-Dollar Market 2025