Decarbonizing Aviation Ground Operations 2025

Images: Adobe Stock, Unsplash + Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders. © 2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.Contents Executive summary Introduction 1 Operating buses at airports 1.1 Operating profile 1.2 Bus fleet ownership models 2 Airport bus solutions: Technology overview and developments 2.1 Technology options 2.2 Key features comparison 3 Total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis 3.1 Reference case study and scenarios considered 3.2 Scenario-based TCO results and insights 3.3 Sensitivity analysis Conclusion Appendix 1: Methodology Appendix 2: Assumptions details per scenario Appendix 3: Subsidies Contributors Endnotes3 4 5 5 6 9 9 11 14 14 16 21 25 26 27 29 32 35 Decarbonizing Aviation Ground Operations: Alternative Bus Technologies 2