Contributors Acknowledgements The report was developed as a collaboration between the Digital Cooperation Organization and the World Economic Forum under the Digital FDI Initiative. Michael Kende was Senior Adviser, helping to ensure the highest analytical and operational approaches. Tabadlab, a research and advisory firm based in Pakistan, made an invaluable contribution to delivery of the project in Pakistan and the development of this report, including analysis and consultation with relevant stakeholders in Pakistan. A survey was commissioned from Azure Knowledge to identify factors that influence companies’ decisions to invest in Pakistan’s digital economy, building on an earlier global survey. Thanks are also due to the many business representatives who contributed their time and insights to identify the actions needed to create a digital-friendly investment climate. The authors would wish particularly to thank representatives of the Government of Pakistan, whose deep commitment and unfailing support were essential to the project’s success. This includes Abdul Aleem Khan, Federal Minister of Investment, and representatives of the Board of Investment, especially Ambreen Iftikhar, Zulfiqar Ali, Mahmood Tufail and Adnan Rajput. Sincere appreciation also goes to Shaza Fatima Khawaja, Minister of State for IT and Telecommunications, Aisha Humera Chaudhry and representatives of the Ministry of IT and Telecommunications, especially Syed Junaid Imam. The report was refined by colleagues and associates who made insightful comments on drafts and whose expertise and feedback significantly contributed to its final composition. Production Bianca Gay-Fulconis Designer, 1-Pact Edition Simon Smith Editor, Astra ContentWorld Economic Forum Khalid Alaamer Lead, Investment Policy and Practice Matthew Stephenson Head, Investment and Services Digital Cooperation Organization Rao Mehroz Khan Cross-border Expansion Manager Sarine Mihranian Project ManagerTabadlab Hiba Fatima Manager Alina Khan Associate Umar Nadeem Founding Partner Kende Consulting Michael Kende PrincipalLead Authors Digital FDI Initiative: Digital FDI-Enabling Project in Pakistan 43

Digital FDI Initiative Pakistan 2025