Technological foundations Manufacturers should stay ahead in the development of an enabling technology foundation. Achieving convergence of IT (information technology) and OT (operational technology) will be crucial to unlocking the full potential of AI. While these enabling technologies form the foundation of modern automation and digital transformation, they are not standalone value drivers. Key technological foundations include: –Data sourcing and processing: AI agent applications require readily available and accessible data in the right format, appropriate data-processing infrastructure and data governance. –Applications and user interfaces: User-friendly AI agent interfaces are critical for promoting adoption by operators. Interfaces should be intuitive and developed in collaboration with operators to maximize usability and engagement. –High-performance computing: AI applications and advancements in simulation require significant computing power for timely data processing. Large-scale model training is typically conducted on cloud platforms that are commoditized by hyper-scalers. The emergence of on-premises edge computing has reduced traffic to the cloud by enabling computation directly on the factory floor, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and reducing latency in AI applications. –Connectivity: Access to real-time data is crucial for highly automated environments including digital and robotic applications. This is achievable through advanced wired or wireless networks such as 5G networks. –Cybersecurity: With end-to-end digitization, AI- enabled cybersecurity has become increasingly important for securing data and IT/OT systems, and combat agent-based threats. Companies need a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy to protect sensitive data and intellectual property in operations. Manufacturers should stay ahead in the development of an enabling technology foundation. Achieving convergence of IT and OT will be crucial to unlocking the full potential of AI Frontier Technologies in Industrial Operations 20

Frontier Technologies in Industrial Operations 2025