Repsol Ecoplanta waste-to-methanol (Spain)CASE STUDY 8 Description First-of-a-kind waste-to-methanol plant which will convert non-recyclable municipal solid waste (MSW) into renewable and circular methanol. Strategically located in Repsol’s industrial complex, it has synergies with other facilities and has access to the nearby port of Tarragona via pipeline. A key challenge is overcoming novel technology risks, inherent higher costs and effectively aggregating feedstock at sufficient scale. Solutions –Waste valorization: Competitive alternative for waste managers that will avoid higher disposal costs of non-recyclable material in landfill. –Business case optimization: Synergies with existing industrial complex leveraged to reduce capex. –Technology de-risking: Partnership with Enerkem (technology provider) to ensure satisfaction on product yields, quality and cost. –Product optionality: Biomethanol can be used directly in maritime sectors and, following additional processing, in road and aviation sectors; circular methanol can be used in the chemicals sector. Optionality helps de-risk and allows Repsol to flexibly target offtakers in sectors with highest willingness to pay. Impact –400,000 tonnes/yr MSW processing capacity; 240,000 tonnes/yr renewable methanol capacity. –FID approved in 2025 (>€800 million capex); COD in 2029. –340 direct and indirect jobs during operations and ~2,800 jobs during construction. –3.4 million tonnes CO2e of emissions reductions over the first 10 years of operations. Source: Repsol.65 Fuelling the Future: How Business, Finance and Policy can Accelerate the Clean Fuels Market 34

Fuelling the Future 2026