Future of Jobs Report 2025

Upskilling and reskilling outlook 32 Global41 Would not need tra ining by 203035 Global29 Would be upsk illed in the ir current role23 Global19 Would be upsk illed and redeployed9 Global11 Would be unl ikely to upsk ill Human-machine frontier Human-machine frontier % of tasks completed by pr edom inantly people, pr edom inantly technology , or a comb ination of both Human Global Comb ination Global Technology Global ALL TASKS Now 42%40%18% 48% 30% 22% 2030 29%40%31% 33% 33% 34%Public policy Public policies to improve talent availability Share of r espondents who agr ee that the par ticular publ ic pol icy has the gr eatest potent ial to increase the talent ava ilability Economy Global ECONOMY GLOBAL Flexibility on h iring and fir ing pract ices 50% 44% Fund ing for r eskilling and upsk illing 50% 55% Provision of r eskilling and upsk illing 50% 52% Improvements to publ ic educat ion systems 50% 47% Changes to labour laws r elated to r emote work 45% 36% Key barriers for business transformation Transformation barriers Share of organ isations surveyed expect ing the barr iers w ill hinder the ir organ isation transfor mation Economy Global ECONOMY GLOBAL Skills gaps in the labour market 79% 63% Organization cultur e and r esistance to change 42% 46% Inability to attract talent to the industr y 33% 37% Outdated or inflex ible r egulator y framework 29% 39% Lack of adequate data and techn ical infrastructur e 21% 32%Wage outlook Wage trends Share of organ izations pr oject ing the shar e of wages and other for ms of workers’ compensat ion as percentage of the company’ s total r evenues Growing Global Similar Global Declining Global 45%45%10% 52% 41% 8% Talent availability outlook Talent trend Share of r espondents who expect the ir talent ava ilability to improve or worsen in five years Improving Global average Worsen ing Global average Talent ava ilability when h iring 70% -100% +100% 0% Talent development of ex isting workfor ce 10% -100% +100% 55% Talent r etent ion of ex isting workfor ce 40% -100% +100% 40%DEI Actions Share of employers surveyed plann ing to implement the d ivers ity, equ ity and inclus ion measur e 60 Global39 Pay equ ity reviews and salar y aud its55 Global48 Targeted r ecruitment, r etent ion and progression initiatives50 Global42 Set DEI goals, targets or quotas AI Strategy Share of employers surveyed plann ing to implement the stated strategy in response to AI's increasing capab ility and pr evalence 75 Global77 Resk illing and upsk illing your ex isting workfor ce to better work alongs ide AI60 Global47 Transitioning people fr om jobs that AI w ill cause to decl ine, to other r oles w ithin your organ ization55 Global69 Hiring new people w ith sk ills to des ign AI tools and enhancements appr opriate for the organ ization-spec ific sk ills2 / 2 Economy Profile EstoniaWorking Age Population (Millions) 1.0 Future of Jobs Report 2025 137